Earth and Space News: lunar near side craters

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Wednesday, March 22, 2023

Near Side Julius Caesar Crater Honors Roman General and Statesman

Summary: Near side Julius Caesar Crater honors Roman general and statesman Gaius Julius Caesar, whose accomplishments included introducing the Julian calendar.

Julius Caesar Crater (left center) neighbors west of Mare Tranquillitatis and south-southwest of Mare Serenitatis on lunar near side's northeastern quadrant; Moon 1:10 million-scale Shaded Relief and Color-coded Topography, Near Side High Resolution: via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Lunar near side Julius Caesar Crater honors Roman general and statesman Gaius Julius Caesar, whose achievements included the establishment of the Julian calendar.

Julius Caesar Crater occupies the lunar near side's northeastern quadrant. The low northern latitude impact crater resides near the moon's prime meridian, which marks zero degrees longitude on the lunar disc.

Julius Caesar Crater is centered at 9.17 degrees north latitude, 15.21 degrees east longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The northern hemisphere crater records northernmost and southernmost latitudes of 10.56 degrees north and 7.77 degrees north, respectively. The eastern hemisphere crater registers easternmost and westernmost longitudes of 16.63 degrees east and 13.80 degrees east, respectively. Julius Caesar Crater has a diameter of 84.72 kilometers.

Caesar's impact crater lies near the northwestern edges of Mare Tranquillitatis ("Sea of Tranquility"). Its location places it south-southwest of Mare Serenitatis ("Sea of Serenity") and southwest of Sinus Honoris ("Bay of Honor"), the Sea of Tranquility's northern and northwestern neighbors.

Mare Tranquillitatis is centered at 8.35 degrees north latitude, 30.83 degrees east longitude. Northernmost and southernmost latitudes for the lunar mare (Latin: mare, "sea"; plural, maria, "seas") touch 19.37 degrees north and minus 4.05 degrees south, respectively. The dark, basaltic plain's easternmost and westernmost longitudes tap 45.49 degrees east and 16.92 degrees east, respectively. Mare Tranquillitatis has a diameter of 875.75 kilometers.

Mare Serenitatis is centered at 27.29 degrees north latitude, 18.36 degrees east longitude. Northernmost and southernmost latitudes for the lunar mare reach 37.81 degrees north and 16.13 degrees north, respectively. The dark plain's easternmost and westernmost longitudes extend to 29.92 degrees east and 6.59 degrees east, respectively. Mare Serenitatis has a diameter of 674.28 kilometers.

Sinus Honoris is centered at 11.72 degrees north latitude, 17.87 degrees east longitude. The small northern hemisphere-sited plain (Latin: sinus, "bay") finds its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 13.26 degrees north and 9.92 degrees north, respectively. The eastern hemisphere bay obtains its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 19.26 degrees east and 15.49 degrees east, respectively. Sinus Honoris has a diameter of 111.61 kilometers.

Julius Caesar Crater is situated to the west-northwest of Sosigenes Crater's location on the western edge of Mare Tranquillitatis. Sosigenes Crater is centered at 8.70 degrees east latitude, 17.60 degrees east longitude. The northern hemisphere-dwelling circular impact crater realizes northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 8.98 degrees north and 8.42 degrees north, respectively. The eastern hemisphere-sited bright crater recognizes its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 17.88 degrees east and 17.31 degrees east, respectively. Sosigenes Crater's diameter measures 16.99 kilometers.

"A large incomplete formation of irregular shape," assessed British selenographer Thomas Gwyn Empy Elger (Oct. 27, 1836-Jan. 9, 1897) in his description of Julius Caesar Crater in his Victorian era lunar guide, The Moon: A Full Description and Map of Its Principal Physical Features, published in 1895. "The floor of Julius Caesar is uneven in tone, becoming gradually duskier from S. to N., the northern end ranking among the darkest areas on the lunar surface" (page 56).

In his lunar descriptions, Elger followed the convention of correlating east and west on the moon with the observer's eastern and western horizons. Consequently, he referenced Julius Caesar Crater's heavily worn western wall as eastern. "The wall on the E. is much terraced and forms a flat 'S' curve."

The International Astronomical Union officially approved Julius Caesar Crater’s name in 1935, during the organization’s Vth (5th) General Assembly, held Wednesday, July 10, to Wednesday, July 17, in Paris, France. Lunar Crater Julius Caesar honors first century BCE Roman general and statesman Gaius Julius Caesar (July 12, 100 BCE-March 15, 44 BCE).

Julius Caesar's achievements expand beyond military campaigns and statesmanship to include an astronomical contribution. In 46 BCE, during his third of five consulships, Caesar considered the dissatisfactory irregularities in the lunar-based Roman calendar, according to Greek biographer Plutarch (46 BCE-ca. 122 CE) in Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, commonly known as Parallel Lives.

"The adjustment of the calendar, however, and the correction of the irregularity in the computation of time, were not only studied scientifically by him, but also brought to completion, and proved to be of the highest utility. For not only in very ancient times was the relation of the lunar to the solar year in great confusion among the Romans, so that the sacrificial feasts and festivals, diverging gradually, at last fell in opposite seasons of the year, but also at this time people generally had no way of computing the actual solar year; the priests alone knew the proper time, and would suddenly and to everybody's surprise insert the intercalary month called Mercedonius. . . . But Caesar laid the problem before the best philosophers and mathematicians, and out of the methods of correction which were already at hand compounded one of his own which was more accurate than any," according to the translation (volume VII, page 579, 581) first published in 1919 by American classicist Bernadotte Perrin (Sep. 15, 1847-Aug. 31, 1920).

Caesar's new solar-based calendar took effect Jan. 1, 45 BCE, during his fourth consulship. The Julian calendar's first year lasted a lengthy 445 days. Its lengthiness reconciled Roman Calendar problems, such as seasonal drift-occasioned discrepancy between the calendar and the tropical year of the full annual solar cycle. Beginning in 44 BCE, during Caesar's fifth consulship, his calendar observed 365 days, with the addition of an extra day every fourth year.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

image of Julius Caesar Crater, spliced 2013 by Wikimedia user James Stuby (Jstuby at English Wikipedia) from Frames 4090 h1 and h2 obtained during NASA's Lunar Orbiter IV mission, which acquired photographic data (419 high resolution and 127 medium resolution frames) from May 11 to 26, 1967: James Stuby at English Wikipedia, CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Julius_Caesar_crater_4090_h1_4090_h2.jpg; via USRA LPI (Lunar and Planetary Institute) @ https://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/lunarorbiter/frame/?4090

For further information:

Bell, E., II. "Lunar Orbiter 4 NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1967-041A." NASA GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) NSSDCA (NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive) > NSSDCA Master Catalog Search.
Available @ https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-041A

Celoria, Giovanni. "Tavola VII. Ultimo quarto della Luna. Gassendi, vasto cratere lunare, poco dopo il sorgere del Sole. Julius Caesar, allo spuntar del Sole." Opposite page 10. Atlante Astronomico: XXXIX Tavole Miniate Con Testo e Illustrazioni. Capitolo II: La Luna, pages 9-16. Milano: Ulrico Hoepli, 1890.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/CeloriaAtlanteAstronomico/page/n22/mode/1up

Celoria, Giovanni. "Tavola IV-V. Carta Della Luna." Atlante Astronomico: XXXIX Tavole Miniate Con Testo e Illustrazioni. Capitolo II: La Luna, pages 9-16. Milano: Ulrico Hoepli, 1890.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/CeloriaAtlanteAstronomico/page/n17/mode/2up

Consolmagno, Guy; and Dan M. Davis. Turn Left at Orion. Fourth edition. Cambridge UK; New York NY: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Elger, Thomas Gwyn. “JULIUS CAESAR.--A large incomplete formation of irregular shape. The wall on the E. is much terraced, and forms a flat 'S' curve. The summit ridge is especially bright, and has a conspicuous little crater upon it. On the W. is a number of narrow longitudinal valleys trending from N. to S., included by a wide valley which constitutes the boundary on this side. The border on the S. consists of a number of low rounded banks, those immediately E. of Sosigenes being traversed by several shallow valleys, which look as if they had been shaped by alluvial action. There is a brilliant little hill at the end of one of these valleys, a few miles E. of Sosigenes. The floor of Julius Caesar is uneven in tone, becoming gradually duskier from S. to N., the northern end ranking among the darkest areas on the lunar surface. There are at least three large circular swellings in the interior. A long low mound, with two or three depressions upon it, bounds the wide valley on the E. side.” Page 56. The Moon: A Full Description and Map of Its Principal Physical Features: First Quadrant West Longitude 20° to 0°, pages 54-66. London [England]: George Philip & Son, 1895.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/moonfulldescript00elgerich/page/56/mode/1up

Grout, James. "The Consular Year: . . . . The assassination of Julius Caesar occurred, not in 710 AUC (44 BC), but in the fifth year of his consulship and the first year of Mark Antony's. . . ." James Grout's Encyclopaedia Romana > Notae > The Roman Calendar.
Available @ https://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/calendar/consuls.html

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Julius Caesar.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010, 12:00 p.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/2859

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Mare Serenitatis.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3686

International Astronomical Union. “Mare Tranquillitatis.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3691

International Astronomical Union. "Sinus, sinūs SI.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Documentation > Descriptor Terms (Feature Types). Last updated Oct. 18, 2010, 12:00 p.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3691

International Astronomical Union. “Sinus Honoris.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010, 12:00 p.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3691

International Astronomical Union. “Sosigenes.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010, 12:00 p.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5653

Levy, David H. Skywatching. Revised and updated. San Francisco CA: Fog City Press, 1994.

The Moon Wiki. “IAU Directions: The convention that 'east' on the Moon is the direction towards Mare Crisium, and 'west' is in the direction towards Grimaldi.” The Moon > Glossary > Acronyms and abbreviations.
Available @ http://the-moon.us/wiki/IAU_directions

The Moon Wiki. “Julius Caesar.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > J Nomenclature.
Available @ http://the-moon.us/wiki/Julius_Caesar

The Moon Wiki. “Mare Serenitatis.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > S Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Mare_Serenitatis

The Moon Wiki. “Mare Tranquillitatis.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > T Nomenclature.
Available @ http://the-moon.us/wiki/Mare_Tranquillitatis

The Moon Wiki. “Sinus Honoris.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > H Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Sinus_Honoris

The Moon Wiki. “Sosigenes.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > S Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Sosigenes

Moore, Patrick, Sir. Astronomy Encyclopedia: An A-Z Guide to the Universe. New York NY: Oxford University Press, Inc., 2002.

Moore, Patrick, Sir. Philip’s Atlas of the Universe. Revised edition. London UK: Philip’s, 2005.

NASA Lunar Orbiter IV. "Frame 4090 Mission: Lunar Orbiter 4." Lunar Orbiter Photo Gallery > Browse Image Catalog > Lunar Orbiter IV > Lunar Orbiter Photo Gallery Mission 4.
Available via USRA LPI (Lunar and Planetary Institute) @ https://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/lunarorbiter/frame/?4090

Perrin, Bernadotte. "Caesar. LIX. The adjustment of the calendar, however, and the correction of the irregularity in the computation of time, were not only studied scientifically by him, but also brought to completion, and proved to be of the highest utility. For not only in very ancient times was the relation of the lunar to the solar year in great confusion among the Romans, so that the sacrificial feasts and festivals, diverging gradually, at last fell in opposite seasons of the year, but also at this time people generally had no way of computing the actual solar year; the priests alone knew the proper time, and would suddenly and to everybody's surprise insert the intercalary month called Mercedonius. . . . But Caesar laid the problem before the best philosophers and mathematicians, and out of the methods of correction which were already at hand compounded one of his own which was more accurate than any." Pages 579, 581. Plutarch's Lives. Vol. VII Demosthenes and Cicero, Alexander and Caesar. First printed 1919. Reprinted 1928, 1949, 1958, 1967. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd., MCMLXVII [1967]).
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/plutarchslives07plut/page/579/mode/1up

Planck, Andrew. "Moon Craters Aristoteles and Julius Caesar." Andrew Planck > Blog. Nov. 28, 2022.
Available @ http://andrewplanck.com/moon-craters-aristoteles-and-julius-caesar/

Seligman, Courtney. "Maps of The Moon." Courtney Seligman Website > Satellites (Moons) > The Moon.
Available @ https://cseligman.com/text/moons/moonmap.htm

Stratton, F.J.M. (Frederick John Marrian), ed. Vth General Assembly Transactions of the IAU Vol. V B Proceedings of the 5th General Assembly Paris France, July 10-17, 1935. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, Jan. 1, 1936.
Available @ https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/transactions_b/
Available via The Moon Wiki @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/IAU_Transactions_V

U.S. Geological Survey, 2003, Color-coded topography and shaded relief map of the lunar near side and far side hemispheres. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series I–2769. Prepared on behalf of the Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, Solar System Exploration Division, Office of Space Science, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Manuscript approved for publication April 23, 2002. Reston VA: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.
Available via U.S. Geological Survey Publications Warehouse @ https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2769/

Wood, Charles A. "Observer's Log: Julius Caesar and the Haemus Mountains." Sky & Telescope, vol. 102, no. 3 (September 2001): 108.
Available via the Free Library by Farlex @ https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Julius+Caesar+and+the+Haemus+Mountains-a079274835

Wednesday, January 18, 2023

Hevelius Crater Parents Seven Satellites at West Oceanus Procellarum

Summary: Hevelius Crater parents seven satellites, of which three are internal and four are external, at western Oceanus Procellarum, the largest lunar plain.

Detail of Lunar Aeronautical Chart (LAC) 56 shows the Hevelius Crater system's parent and five of its seven satellites; (bottom left corner) Hevelius Crater with satellites A, B, E and J; (right center) Hevelius D: image credit NASA/GSFC/ASU, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Hevelius Crater parents seven satellites, with three sited internally and four located externally, at western Oceanus Procellarum, the moon's largest basaltic plain.

The Hevelius Crater system is located in the lunar near side's northwest quadrant. The system's parent and seven satellites are associated with southwestern Oceanus Procellarium ("Ocean of Storms"). The dark, basaltic plain's distinction as the moon's only ocean (Latin: oceanus) emphasizes its status as the largest lunar mare (Latin: mare, "sea"; plural: maria).

Oceanus Procellarum is centered at 20.67 decimal degrees north latitude, minus 56.68 decimal degrees west longitude. Its northernmost and southernmost latitudes stretch from 57.43 decimal degrees north to minus 16.27 decimal degrees south, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes span minus 26.85 decimal degrees west and minus 81.08 decimal degrees west, respectively. Oceanus Procellarum's diameter measures 2,592.24 kilometers.

Hevelius Crater is centered at 2.20 decimal degrees north latitude, minus 67.46 west longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The northern hemisphere crater records northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 4.07 decimal degrees north and 0.32 decimal degrees north, respectively. The western hemisphere crater registers easternmost and westernmost longitudes of minus 65.58 west and minus 69.34 west, respectively. Lunar near side crater Hevelius has a diameter of 113.87 kilometers.

Three satellites in the Hevelius Crater system occur as internal occupants of their parent's crater. The triangle formed by Hevelius satellites A, B and E roughly traverses half of the parental crater along a diagonal, southwest-to-northeast axis.

Floor-based Hevelius A nestles at its parent's fairly well defined northwestern inner wall. Hevelius B rests on its parent's degraded southwestern rim. Hevelius E opposes Hevelius A on its parent's irregular northeastern rim.

Hevelius A is centered at 2.85 decimal degrees north latitude, minus 68.23 degrees west longitude. Its northernmost and southernmost latitudes occur at 3.08 decimal degrees north and 2.62 decimal degrees north, respectively. The bowl-shaped satellite finds its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 68.00 decimal degrees west and 68.46 decimal degrees west, respectively. Hevelius A's diameter of 14.01 kilometers qualifies it as the largest of the Hevelius Crater system's seven satellites.

Hevelius B is centered at 1.36 decimal degrees north latitude, minus 68.98 decimal degrees west longitude. It posts northernmost and southernmost latitudes of 1.58 decimal degrees north and 1.13 decimal degrees north, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes are listed as 68.75 decimal degrees west and 69.20 decimal degrees west, respectively. Hevelius B has a diameter of 13.50 kilometers.

Hevelius E is centered at 2.96 decimal degrees north latitude, minus 65.78 decimal degrees west longitude. Its northernmost and southernmost latitudes are found at 3.10 decimal degrees north and 2.81 decimal degrees north, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes are marked at minus 65.64 decimal degrees west and minus 65.93 decimal degrees west, respectively. Hevelius E's diameter of 8.81 kilometers ranks it as the smallest of the Hevelius Crater system's three internal satellites.

As the most easterly of the Hevelius Crater system's seven satellites, Hevelius D lies in southwestern Oceanus Procellarum. Hevelius D's location qualifies it as the only solitary satellite in the Hevelius Crater system.

Hevelius D is centered at 3.05 decimal degrees north latitude, minus 60.91 degrees west longitude. Its northernmost and southernmost latitudes are given as 3.18 decimal degrees north and 2.92 degrees north, respectively. It details its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 60.78 decimal degrees west and minus 61.03 decimal degrees west, respectively. Hevelius D has a diameter of 7.76 kilometers.

Bowl-like Hevelius D is positioned conspicuously on an unnamed wrinkle ridge in the southern extension of dark Oceanus Procellarum's bright Reiner Gamma. As a lunar swirl, Reiner Gamma traces high-albedo, curvilinear shapes that contrast brightly with dark, low-albedo surrounding terrain.

Reiner Gamma is centered at 7.39 decimal degrees north latitude, minus 58.96 degrees west longitude. The bright lunar swirl records northernmost and southernmost latitudes of 7.91 decimal degrees north and 6.75 degrees north, respectively. It registers easternmost and westernmost longitudes of minus 57.65 degrees west and minus 60.05 degrees west, respectively. Reiner Gamma's diameter measures 73.44 kilometers.

The remaining three of the Hevelius Crater system's four external satellites hover in western proximity to their parent. Hevelius J, K and L sequence as a bent line. Hevelius L anchors the trio's most northerly position, while Hevelius J occupies the trio's most southerly position.

Hevelius J is centered at 0.80 decimal degrees north latitude, minus 69.90 decimal degrees west longitude. It places its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 1.02 decimal degrees north and 0.59 decimal degrees north, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes are logged at minus 69.68 degrees west and minus 70.12 degrees west, respectively. Hevelius J has a diameter of 13.13 kilometers.

Hevelius K is centered at 1.58 decimal degrees north latitude, minus 70.08 degrees west longitude. It obtains its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 1.68 decimal degrees north and 1.49 decimal degrees north, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes are identified as minus 69.99 decimal degrees west and minus 70.18 decimal degrees west, respectively. Hevelius K's diameter of 5.67 kilometers qualifies it as the smallest of the Hevelius Crater system's seven satellites.

Hevelius L is centered at 2.04 decimal degrees north latitude, minus 70.48 degrees west longitude. It specifies northernmost and southernmost latitudes of 2.16 decimal degrees north and 1.92 decimal degrees north, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes are set at minus 70.37 decimal degrees west and minus 70.59 decimal degrees west, respectively. Hevelius L's diameter measures 7.60 kilometers.

Thus, the adjacency of the three western external satellites to their parent's western half defines the geographic proximity that primarily characterizes the Hevelius Crater system. Only the eastern isolation of external satellite Hevelius D disconnects the Hevelius Crater system's terrain from Oceanus Procellarum's southwestern edge and establishes residence on a lunar swirl-illuminated wrinkle ridge within Oceanus Procellarum.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

Detail of Lunar Aeronautical Chart (LAC) 55 shows three of the Hevelius Crater system's seven satellites; (bottom right corner) Hevelius J, K and L: image credit NASA/GSFC/ASU, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://asc-planetarynames-data.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/Lunar/lac_55_wac.pdf

For further information:

Elger, Thomas Gwyn. “HEVEL.--A great walled-plain, 71 miles in diameter, adjoining Lohrmann on the N., with a broad eastern rampart, rising at one peak to a height above the interior of nearly 6,000 feet, and presenting a steep bright face to the Oceanus Procellarum. There are three prominent craters near its crest, and one or two breaks in its continuity. It is not so lofty and is more broken on the W., where three conspicuous craters stand on its inner slope. The floor is slightly convex, and includes a triangular central mountain, on which there is a small crater. The S. half of the interior is crossed by four clefts: (l) running from a little crater N. of the central mountain, on the E. side of it, to a hill at the foot of the S.E. wall; (2) originating near the most southerly of the three craters on the inner slope of the W. wall, and crossing 1, terminates at the foot of the E. wall; (3) has the same origin as 2, crosses 1, and, passing over a craterlet E. of the central mountain, also runs up to the E. wall at a point considerably N. of that where 2 joins the latter; (4) runs from the craterlet just mentioned to the E. end of 2.” Page 88. The Moon: A Full Description and Map of Its Principal Physical Features: Second Quadrant East Longitude 60° to 90°, pages 87-91. London [England]: George Philip & Son, 1895.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/moonfulldescript00elgerich/page/88/mode/1up

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Cavalerius.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1083

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Grimaldi.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Sep. 23, 2022.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/2252

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Hevelius.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/2493

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Hevelius A.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/9959

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Hevelius B.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/9960

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Hevelius D.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/9961

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Hevelius E.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/9962

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Hevelius J.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/9963

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Hevelius K.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/9964

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Hevelius L.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/9965

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Oceanus Procellarum.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/4395

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Reiner Gamma.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/4987

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Rimae Hevelius.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5113

Marriner, Derdriu. "Einstein Crater Parents Three Satellites On Near Side’s Western Limb." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, March 13, 2013.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/03/einstein-crater-lies-as-young-crater-in.html?m=0

Marriner, Derdriu. "Near Side Hevelius Crater Honors Polish Astronomer Johannes Hevelius." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Jan. 11, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/near-side-hevelius-crater-honors-polish.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Venusian Crater Corpman Honors Astronomer Elisabeth Koopman Hevelius." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Jan. 4, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/venusian-crater-corpman-honors.html

The Moon Wiki. “Hevelius.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > H Nomenclature.
Available @ http://the-moon.us/wiki/Hevelius

The Moon Wiki. “Oceanus Procellarum.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > P Nomenclature.
Available @ http://the-moon.us/wiki/Oceanus_Procellarum

The Moon Wiki. "Reiner Gamma." The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > R Nomenclature.
Available @ http://the-moon.us/wiki/Reiner_Gamma

The Moon Wiki. “Rimae Hevelius.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > H Nomenclature.
Available @ http://the-moon.us/wiki/Rimae_Hevelius

Wednesday, November 16, 2022

Monira Craterlet Lies in Northern Alphonsus Crater on Lunar Near Side

Summary: Monira Craterlet lies in northern Alphonsus Crater on the lunar near side in a trio with José and Soraya along northeastern Mare Nubium.

Detail of Near Side Shaded Relief and Color-Coded Topography Map shows Monira's (upper right) Alphonsus Crater neighborhood along lunar near side's northeastern Mare Nubium: USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Monira Craterlet lies in northern Alphonsus Crater on the lunar near side in a southwestern quadrant trio with José and Soraya along the northeastern edges of Mare Nubium.

Monira is centered at minus 12.54 degrees south latitude, minus 1.73 degrees west longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union's (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The southern hemisphere craterlet establishes its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 12.53 degrees south and minus 12.56 degrees south, respectively. It finds its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 1.71 degrees west and minus 1.75 degrees west, respectively. Monira has a diameter of 1.07 kilometers.

Monira resides on the northeastern interior floor of Alphonsus Crater. The lunar impact crater is located in the highlands that border northeastern Mare Nubium.

Alphonsus Crater is centered at minus 13.39 degrees south latitude, minus 2.85 degrees west longitude. The impact crater obtains northernmost and southernmost latitudes of minus 11.57 degrees south and minus 15.21 degrees south, respectively. It maintains its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 0.97 degrees west and minus 4.72 degrees west, respectively. Alphonsus Crater's diameter measures 110.54 kilometers.

Mare Nubium ("Sea of Clouds") is centered at minus 20.59 degrees south latitude, minus 17.29 degrees west longitude. The dark, basaltic plain's northernmost and southernmost latitudes reach minus 11.85 degrees south and minus 30.48 degrees south, respectively. It extends its easternmost and westernmost longitudes to minus 5.45 degrees west and minus 29.27 degrees west, respectively. Mare Nubium's diameter spans 714.5 kilometers.

Monira leads a trio of craterlets as interior residents of Alphonsus Crater. José lies to the southwest of Monira, not quite midway between Monira and Soraya.

José is centered at minus 12.68 degrees south latitude, minus 1.66 degrees west longitude. The craterlet posts northernmost and southernmost latitudes of minus 12.66 degrees south and minus 12.7 degrees south, respectively. It marks its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 1.64 degrees west and minus 1.68 degrees west, respectively. José has a diameter of 1.22 kilometers.

Southernmost trio member Soraya is centered at minus 12.87 degrees south latitude, minus 1.63 degrees west longitude. The craterlet reports northernmost and southernmost latitudes of minus 12.83 degrees south and minus 12.9 degrees south, respectively. It places its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 1.6 degrees west and minus 1.67 degrees west, respectively. Soraya has a diameter of 1.9 kilometers.

The trio of Monira, José and Soraya are bounded by Alphonsus Crater's northeastern wall to the east and by Rimae Alphonsus to the west. The rille cuts across the eastern edges of the crater's interior floor.

Rimae Alphonsus is centered at minus 13.4 degrees south latitude, minus 1.94 degrees west longitude. The fissure's northernmost and southernmost latitudes are detailed at minus 12.17 degrees south and minus 14.86 degrees south, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes are identified as minus 1.44 degrees west and minus 2.62 degrees west, respectively. Rimae Alphonsus has a diameter of 87 kilometers.

Ravi neighbors to the northwest of Monira. The craterlet is positioned on Rimae Alphonsus. Ravi's location marks the fissure's northwesterly turning point.

Ravi is centered at minus 12.5 degrees south latitude, minus 1.97 degrees west longitude. The craterlet's northernmost and southernmost latitudes are listed as minus 12.48 degrees south and minus 12.53 degrees south, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes are given as minus 1.94 degrees west and minus 1.99 degrees west, respectively. Ravi has a diameter of 1.62 kilometers.

Rimae Alphonsus separates Monira from Chang-Ngo. Chang-Ngo lies to the southwest of Monira and of Ravi.

Chang-Ngo is centered at minus 12.69 degrees south latitude, minus 2.16 degrees west longitude. Its northernmost and southernmost latitudes occur at minus 12.65 degrees south and minus 12.72 degrees south, respectively. It obtains its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 2.14 degrees west and minus 2.19 degrees west, respectively. Chang-Ngo has a diameter of 2.34 kilometers.

Monira numbers among 95 minor features identified with first-name designations on lunar topophotomaps prepared and published by The Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Monira is plotted on NASA Lunar Topophotomap 39C2S1, which was published in December 1974. The map's Names Information lists "Chang-Ngo, José, Monira, Ravi, Soraya" as unofficial names used "only for the identification of features on this map."

The International Astronomical Union approved Monira as the craterlet's name in 1976. The Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature originates Monira as: "Arabic female name."

Detail of Lunar Aeronautical Chart (LAC) 77 shows Monira's (upper center) Alphonsus Crater neighborhood in lunar near side's northeastern Mare Nubium: image credit NASA/GSFC/ASU, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

Andersson, Leif E.; and Ewen A. Whitaker. NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature. NASA Reference Publication 1097. Hampton VA: NASA Scientific and Technical Information Branch, October 1982.
Available via NASA NTRS (NASA Technical Reports Server) @ https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19830003761/downloads/19830003761.pdf

Consolmagno, Guy; and Dan M. Davis. Turn Left at Orion. Fourth edition. Cambridge UK; New York NY: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

The Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center. "Lunar Topophotomap Fossae Alphonsus." National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lunar Topophotomap Edition 1 Sheet 77D3S1 (50). Washington DC: The Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center, December 1974.
Available @ https://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/mapcatalog/topophoto/77D3S1/150dpi.jpg

Elger, Thomas Gwyn. “Alphonsus.” The Moon, A Full Description and Map of Its Principal Physical Features: 94. London UK: George Philip & Son, 1895.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/moonfulldescript00elgeuoft/page/94/mode/1up

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Alphonsus.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/206

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Chang-Ngo.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1135

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Descriptor Terms (Feature Types).” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Documentation.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/DescriptorTerms

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “José.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1472

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Mare Nubium.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3684

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Monira.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3968

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Ravi.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/4960

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Rimae Alphonsus.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5091

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Soraya.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5652

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Target: The Moon.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/MOON/target

Levy, David H. Skywatching. Revised and updated. San Francisco CA: Fog City Press, 1994.

Marriner, Derdriu. "Chang-Ngo Lies in Northern Alphonsus Crater on Lunar Near Side." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Nov. 9, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/chang-ngo-lies-in-northern-alphonsus.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Lunar Topophotomap Minor Feature Names Were Approved in 1976 and 1979." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, July 20, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/lunar-topophotomap-minor-feature-names.html

The Moon Wiki. “Alphonsus.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > A Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Alphonsus

The Moon Wiki. “Chang-Ngo.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > C Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Chang-Ngo

The Moon Wiki. “José.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > J Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/José

The Moon Wiki. “Mare Nubium.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > I Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Imbrium,_Mare

The Moon Wiki. "Minor Feature." The Moon > Glossary.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Minor_Feature

The Moon Wiki. “Monira.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > M Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Monira

The Moon Wiki. “Ravi.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > R Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Ravi

The Moon Wiki. “Rimae Alphonsus.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > D Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Rimae_Alphonsus

The Moon Wiki. “Soraya.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > S Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Soraya

Moore, Patrick, Sir. Astronomy Encyclopedia: An A-Z Guide to the Universe. New York NY: Oxford University Press, Inc., 2002.

Moore, Patrick, Sir. Philip’s Atlas of the Universe. Revised edition. London UK: Philip’s, 2005.

Müller, E. (Edith A.); and A. (Arnost), Jappel, eds. XVIth General Assembly -- Transactions of the IAU Vol. XVI B Proceedings of the 16th General Assembly Grenoble, France, August 24-September 21, 1976. Washington DC: Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Jan. 1, 1977.
Available @ https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/transactions_b/

Wednesday, November 9, 2022

Chang-Ngo Lies in Northern Alphonsus Crater on Lunar Near Side

Summary: Chang-Ngo lies in northern Alphonsus Crater on the lunar near side in the highlands along the northeast edges of the southwest quadrant's Mare Nubium.

Detail of Near Side Shaded Relief and Color-Coded Topography Map shows Chang-Ngo's (upper right) Alphonsus Crater neighborhood along lunar near side's northeastern Mare Nubium: USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Chang-Ngo lies in northern Alphonsus Crater on the lunar near side in the highlands that stretch along the northeastern edges of the southwestern quadrant's Mare Nubium.

Chang-Ngo is centered at minus 12.69 degrees south latitude, minus 2.16 degrees west longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union's (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. It finds its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 12.65 degrees south and minus 12.72 degrees south, respectively. It establishes its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 2.14 degrees west and minus 2.19 degrees west, respectively. Chang-Ngo has a diameter of 2.34 kilometers.

Chang-Ngo is located to the northeast of the midpoint on the interior floor of Alphonsus Crater. In his Victorian era lunar guide, The Moon: A Full Description and Map of Its Principal Physical Features, published in 1895, British selenographer Thomas Gwyn Empy Elger (Oct. 27, 1836-Jan. 9, 1897) considered the crater's floor as presenting ". . . many features of interest. It includes a bright central peak, forming part of a longitudinal ridge, on either side of which runs a winding cleft . . ." He also noted ". . .three peculiar dark areas within the circumvallation. . . . These dusky spots are easily recognised in good photographs of the moon" (page 94).

Alphonsus Crater is centered at minus 13.39 degrees south latitude, minus 2.85 degrees west longitude. The impact crater records northernmost and southernmost latitudes of minus 11.57 degrees south and minus 15.21 degrees south, respectively. The southwestern quadrant crater registers easternmost and westernmost longitudes of minus 0.97 degrees west and minus 4.72 degrees west, respectively. Alphonsus Crater's diameter measures 110.54 kilometers.

Alphonsus G lies on its parent's interior floor to the northwest of Chang-Ngo. It neighbors as the closest of the Alphonsus Crater system's 12 satellites to Chang-Ngo.

Alphonsus G is centered at minus 12.35 degrees south latitude, minus 3.39 degrees west longitude. The satellite marks its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 12.29 degrees south and minus 12.41 degrees south, respectively. It posts easternmost and westernmost longitudes of minus 3.33 degrees west and minus 3.45 degrees west, respectively. Alphonsus G has a diameter of 3.52 kilometers.

Rimae Alphonsus occurs as the closest named feature to Chang-Ngo. The fissure winds along the eastern edges of Alphonsus Crater's interior floor.

Rimae Alphonsus is centered at minus 13.4 degrees south latitude, minus 1.94 degrees west longitude. It places its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 12.17 degrees south and minus 14.86 degrees south, respectively. It establishes its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 1.44 degrees west and minus 2.62 degrees west, respectively. Rimae Alphonsus has a diameter of 87 kilometers.

Ravi neighbors as Chang-Ngo's nearest named northeastern crater on Alphonsus Crater's interior floor. Ravi lies on Rimae Alphonsus, at the point where the fissure makes a northwesterly turn.

Ravi is centered at minus 12.5 degrees south latitude, minus 1.97 degrees west longitude. It obtains northernmost and southernmost latitudes of minus 12.48 degrees south and minus 12.53 degrees south, respectively. It finds its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 1.94 degrees west and minus 1.99 degrees west, respectively. Ravi has a diameter of 1.62 kilometers.

Chang-Ngo's location in Alphonsus Crater places it in the highlands that edge northeastern Mare Nubium. The dark, basaltic plain occupies the southwestern quadrant's equatorial latitudes.

Mare Nubium ("Sea of Clouds") is centered at minus 20.59 degrees south latitude, minus 17.29 degrees west longitude. The lunar mare (Latin: "sea") establishes its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 11.85 degrees south and minus 30.48 degrees south, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes extend to minus 5.45 degrees west and minus 29.27 degrees west, respectively. Mare Nubium's diameter spans 714.5 kilometers.

Chang-Ngo numbers among 95 minor features identified with first-name designations on lunar topophotomaps prepared and published by The Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Chang-Ngo is plotted on NASA Lunar Topophotomap 39C2S1, which was published in December 1974. The map's Names Information lists "Chang-Ngo, José, Monira, Ravi, Soraya" as unofficial names used "only for the identification of features on this map."

The International Astronomical Union approved Chang-Ngo as the craterlet's name in 1976. The Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature originates Chang-Ngo as: "Chinese female name."

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Detail of Lunar Aeronautical Chart (LAC) 77 shows Chang-Ngo's (upper center) Alphonsus Crater neighborhood in lunar near side's northeastern Mare Nubium: image credit NASA/GSFC/ASU, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Lunar/lac_77_wac.pdf

For further information:

Consolmagno, Guy; and Dan M. Davis. Turn Left at Orion. Fourth edition. Cambridge UK; New York NY: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Alphonsus G.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/7218

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Linda.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3406

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Rupes Boris.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5225