D'Arrest Crater Parents Four Satellites on Lunar Northeast Near Side

Summary: D'Arrest Crater parents four satellites in the lava-flooded terrain near southwestern Mare Tranquillitatis on the lunar northeast near side.

Lunar Aeronautical Chart (LAC) 60 presents the D'Arrest Crater system's parent and four satellites (lower left), with D'Arrest M satellite's shape outlined with dotted oval; image credit NASA/GSFC/ASU; Date of Last Nomenclature Update July 26, 2017: via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

D'Arrest Crater parents four satellite craters in the lava-flooded terrain near southwestern Mare Tranquillitatis in the northeastern quadrant of the lunar near side.

D'Arrest Crater occupies the northeastern quadrant on the lunar near side. The low northern latitude impact crater reposes near the moon's prime meridian, which marks zero degrees longitude on the lunar disc, and the equator.

D'Arrest Crater is centered at 2.26 degrees north latitude, 14.60 degrees east longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The low latitude, lunar northern hemisphere-sited crater registers northmost and southmost latitudes of 2.75 degrees north and 1.78 degrees north, respectively. The eastern hemisphere resident records eastmost and westmost longitudes of 15.09 degrees east and 14.11 degrees east, respectively. D'Arrest Crater's diameter traverses 29.67 kilometers.

The D'Arrest Crater system comprises parent crater D'Arrest and four satellites. Satellites D'Arrest A and D'Arrest M reside as the closest of the D'Arrest system's satellites to D'Arrest Crater. They neighbor, with D'Arrest A sited in east central D'Arrest M, to the west of their parent crater. Third closest D'Arrest satellite D'Arrest B is positioned to the southwest of its parent and south of satellites A and M. Satellite D'Arrest R is located to the southeast of its parent crater and of the system's three other satellites.

D'Arrest A is centered at 1.94 degrees north latitude, 13.64 degrees east longitude. The satellite posts northmost and southmost latitudes of 2.00 degrees north and 1.87 degrees north, respectively. It obtains its eastmost and westmost longitudes at 13.70 degrees east and 13.58 degrees east, respectively. D'Arrest A has a diameter of 3.75 kilometers.

D'Arrest M is centered at 1.95 degrees north latitude, 13.50 degrees east longitude. The satellite establishes its northmost and southmost latitudes at 2.26 degrees north and 1.64 degrees north, respectively. It marks its eastmost and westmost longitudes at 13.90 degrees east and 13.10 degrees east, respectively. D'Arrest M's diameter measures 25.27 kilometers.

D'Arrest B is centered at 0.96 degrees north latitude, 13.61 degrees east longitude. The satellite finds its northmost and southmost latitudes at 1.04 degrees north and 0.88 degrees north, respectively. Its eastmost and westmost longitudes occur at 13.69 degrees east and 13.53 degrees east, respectively. D'Arrest B has a diameter of 4.99 kilometers.

D'Arrest R is centered at 0.47 degrees north latitude, 15.63 degrees east longitude. It achieves northmost and southmost latitudes of 0.76 degrees north and 0.19 degrees north, respectively. Its eastmost and westmost longitudes are listed at 15.92 degrees east and 15.34 degrees east, respectively. D'Arrest R's diameter measures 17.37 kilometers.

Parent crater D'Arrest's diameter of 29.67 kilometers ranks as the largest in the D'Arrest Crater system. D'Arrest M satellite's diameter of 25.27 kilometers qualifies as the second largest in the system and as the largest of the system's four satellites. D'Arrest A satellite's diameter of 3.75 kilometers places it as the smallest in the D'Arrest Crater system.

Parent crater D'Arrest occupies the northernmost location in the D'Arrest Crater system. Satellite D'Arrest M is sited as the system's northernmost satellite. Satellite D'Arrest M also places as the westernmost member of the D'Arrest Crater system. Satellite D'Arrest R is positioned as the easternmost and southernmost member of the D'Arrest Crater system.

The D'Arrest Crater system occupies the lava-flooded terrain near the southwestern edges of Mare Tranquillitatis (Latin: mare, "sea"; plural, maria, "seas"; tranquillitatis, "of tranquility"). The Sea of Tranquility is centered at 8.35 degrees north latitude, 30.83 degrees east longitude. The equator-straddler extends its northernmost and southernmost latitudes to 19.37 degrees north and minus 4.05 degrees south, respectively. The eastern hemisphere-sited dark, basaltic plain's easternmost and westernmost longitudes touch 45.49 degrees east and 16.92 degrees east, respectively. The Sea of Tranquility's diameter spans 875.75 kilometers.

The D'Arrest Crater system remembers French Huguenot German-Danish astronomer and galaxy discoverer Heinrich Louis d'Arrest (Aug. 13, 1822-June 14, 1875). The International Astronomical Union officially adopted D'Arrest as the parent crater's name in 1935. Approval was granted during the organization's Vth (5th) General Assembly, held Wednesday, July 10, to Wednesday, July 17, in Paris, France.

Official approval of the names of the D'Arrest Crater system's four satellites occurred in 2006. The IAU's XXVIth (26th) General Assembly was held in Prague, Czech Republic, in 2006 from Monday, Aug. 14, to Friday, Aug. 25.

undated portrait of 19th-century French Huguenot German-Danish astronomer Heinrich Louis D'Arrest by Danish photographer Bertel Christian Budtz Müller (Dec. 26, 1837-Dec. 30, 1884); Royal Library (Danish: Det Kongelige Bibliotek), Copenhagen, northeastern Denmark: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Lunar Aeronautical Chart (LAC) 60 presents the D'Arrest Crater system's parent and four satellites (lower left), with D'Arrest M satellite's shape outlined with dotted oval; image credit NASA/GSFC/ASU; Date of Last Nomenclature Update July 26, 2017: via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://asc-planetarynames-data.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/Lunar/lac_60_wac.pdf (image URL); https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1695 (feature URL)

D'Arrest Crater (center left), west of Dionysius Crater (center right); De Morgan and Cayley craters north (above) and Whewell Crater to northeast (above; center/upper left) D'Arrest Crater: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/File:Normal_Dionysius-Clementine.jpg

undated portrait of 19th-century French Huguenot German-Danish astronomer Heinrich Louis D'Arrest by Danish photographer Bertel Christian Budtz Müller (Dec. 26, 1837-Dec. 30, 1884); Royal Library (Danish: Det Kongelige Bibliotek), Copenhagen, northeastern Denmark: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heinrich_Louis_d%27Arrest_by_Budtz_M%C3%BCller.jpg; Public Domain, via GetArchive @ https://jenikirbyhistory.getarchive.net/media/heinrich-louis-darrest-by-budtz-muller-41e725

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