Monday, March 25, 2024, Penumbral Eclipse Belongs to Saros Cycle 113

Summary: The Monday, March 25, 2024, penumbral lunar eclipse belongs to Saros cycle 113, a series of 71 similar lunar eclipses.

Penumbral eclipse of April 29, 888, opened the 71-member lineup of lunar Saros 113: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC), via NASA Eclipse Web Site

The Monday, March 25, 2024, penumbral lunar eclipse belongs to Saros series 113, a family of 71 lunar eclipses with similar geometries.

March's penumbral lunar eclipse begins Monday, March 25, 2024, at 4:53:09 Coordinated Universal Time (12:53:09 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time), according to eclipse predictions by retired NASA astrophysicist Fred Espenak on the NASA Eclipse Web Site. Greatest eclipse, which designates the instant of the moon's closest passage to the axis of Earth's shadow, takes place at 07:12:51 UTC (3:12 a.m. EDT) The eclipse ends at 09:33:01 UTC (5:33 a.m. EDT).

March's penumbral lunar eclipse numbers as 64 in the lineup of 71 lunar eclipses that constitute Saros lunar cycle 113. Similar geometries place the 71 lunar eclipses into a family, known as a series.

Occurrence at the moon's descending node characterizes the 71 lunar eclipses in Saros series 113. A pair of nodes indicates the two intersections of the lunar orbit with the ecliptic, Earth's orbital plane around the sun. The nodal pair derives from the approximately 5.1 degree tilt of the lunar orbit with respect to Earth's orbit. A cycle associated with the descending node registers progressively northward shifts of its eclipses with respect to the axis of Earth's shadow. A cycle occurring at the ascending node evinces progressively southward shifts by succeeding eclipses with respect to the axis of Earth's shadow (Espenak, "Eclipses and the Saros," NASA Eclipse Web Site).

Saros 113 cycle's descending node-occurring lunar eclipses exhibit northward movement with each eclipse. The lunar eclipse of April 29, 888, opened Saros lunar series 113 as a penumbral eclipse occurring near the penumbra's southern edge. The penumbral lunar eclipse that closes Saros 113 on Wednesday, June 10, 2150, will happen near the penumbra's northern edge, according to eclipse predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus on the NASA Eclipse Web Site.

The periodicity and recurrence of eclipses in each Saros series link with the Saros cycle's length of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). Approximately 18 years elapse between each of the 71 eclipses in lunar Saros 113. Lunar Saros 113 spans the ninth through 22nd centuries. Saros 113 has a total duration of 1,262.11 years.

The 71 lunar eclipses in lunar Saros 113 sequence as seven penumbral, 23 partial, 13 total, 18 partial and 10 penumbral. With 41 occurrences, partial eclipses dominate Saros 113 as the cycle's most frequent eclipse type. With 17 instances, penumbral eclipses place as the cycle's second most frequent eclipse type. As the third most frequent eclipse type in Saros 113, total eclipses account for 13 occurrences.

The Saros 113 cycle's opening penumbral eclipse on April 29, 888, continentally disfavored the Americas. The moon's zenithal point at greatest eclipse occurred over the central Indian Ocean, east of the Republic of Madagascar (Malagasy: Repoblikan'i Madagasikara (Malagasy; French: République de Madagascar) and west of the Commonwealth of Australia.

Penumbral eclipse of Monday, March 25, 2024, numbers as the third eclipse in Saros 113 cycle's second set of penumbral eclipses and as 64th in the cycle's 71-member lineup: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC), via NASA Eclipse Web Site

The Monday, March 25, 2024, penumbral eclipse occurs in the second of Saros 113 cycle's two sets of penumbral eclipses. May's event numbers as third in the second penumbral set and as 64th in the cycle's lineup of 71 eclipses. This penumbral eclipse continentally favors the Americas. Although no continent is excluded, half of Africa and much of Asia are disfavored extensively. The moon reaches its greatest eclipse's zenithal point in the eastern Pacific Ocean, west of the Republic of Ecuador's (Spanish: República del Ecuador) Galapagos Islands (Spanish: islas Galápagos).

Penumbral eclipse of Thursday, March 3, 1988, opened lunar Saros 113 cycle's second set of penumbral eclipses as the cycle's 62nd eclipse: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC), via NASA Eclipse Web Site

The penumbral eclipse of Thursday, March 3, 1988, opened the second set of Saros 113 cycle's penumbral eclipses. The second set's opener numbered as 62 in the cycle's lineup of 71 eclipses. The March 1988 penumbral lunar eclipse continentally disfavored South America. The moon's zenithal point at greatest eclipse happened over the western North Pacific Ocean's Sulu Sea.

Penumbral eclipse of Tuesday, March 14, 2006, which numbered as second in Saros 113 cycle's second penumbral set and as 63rd in the cycle's 71-member lineup, was the immediate predecessor of the Monday, March 25, 2024, penumbral eclipse: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC), via NASA Eclipse Web Site

The penumbral eclipse of Tuesday, March 14, 2006, succeeded the set's opener and preceded the Monday, March 25, 2024, penumbral eclipse. The March 2006 event numbered as second in Saros 113 cycle's second set of penumbral eclipses and as 63 in the cycle's lineup of 71 eclipses. This penumbral eclipse continentally disfavored Northeast Asia, northwestern North America, portions of Antarctica and Central and Eastern Australia. The eastern Atlantic Ocean's Gulf of Guinea claimed the greatest eclipse's lunar zenithal point.

Penumbral eclipse of Saturday, April 5, 2042, numbering as fourth in Saros 113 cycle's second penumbral set and as 65th in the cycle's 71-member lineup, is the immediate successor of the Monday, March 25, 2024, penumbral eclipse: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC), via NASA Eclipse Web Site

The penumbral eclipse of Saturday, April 5, 2042, is the immediate successor of the Monday, March 25, 2024, penumbral eclipse. The April 2042 event numbers as fourth in Saros 113 cycle's second penumbral set and as 65th in the cycle's 71-member lineup. This penumbral eclipse continentally disfavors northwestern to southwestern Africa, South America, portions of Antarctica, mid-central to eastern North America and most of Europe. The moon attains its zenithal point at greatest eclipse over Papua New Guinea, the eastern half of the island of New Guinea.

The penumbral eclipse of Wednesday, June 10, 2150, closes Saros 113 cycle's second penumbral set as the set's 10th and last eclipse. Also, the June 2150 event closes lunar Saros 113 cycle as the 71st and last eclipse in the cycle's 71-member lineup. This penumbral eclipse continentally will favor a slice of West Africa, South America, most of North America, Antarctica and eastern Australia. The moon's zenithal point at greatest eclipse happens over the eastern South Pacific Ocean.

Lunar Saros 113 cycle registers a difference of 3 hours 40 minutes 59 seconds between its longest and shortest penumbral eclipses. The penumbral eclipse of April 29, 888, which opened the cycle as the starter for the cycle's first set, endured for 1 hour 12 minutes 46 seconds. The cycle's longest penumbral eclipse was experienced during the cycle's second of two penumbral sets, which also figured as the cycle's fifth and last of five sets of eclipses. The penumbral eclipse of Thursday, March 3, 1988, which opened the second penumbral set, endured for 4 hours 53 minutes 45 seconds.

Penumbral eclipse of Wednesday, June 10, 2150, closes Saros 113 cycle's second penumbral set as the set's 10th and last eclipse and as the 71st and last eclipse in the cycle's 71-member lineup: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC), via NASA Eclipse Web Site

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Penumbral eclipse of April 29, 888, opened the 71-member lineup of lunar Saros 113: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC), via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCLEmap/0801-0900/LE0888-04-29N.gif

Penumbral eclipse of Monday, March 25, 2024, numbers as the third eclipse in Saros 113 cycle's second set of penumbral eclipses and as 64th in the cycle's 71-member lineup: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC), via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCLEmap/1901-2000/LE1988-03-03N.gif

Penumbral eclipse of Thursday, March 3, 1988, opened lunar Saros 113 cycle's second set of penumbral eclipses as the cycle's 62nd eclipse: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC), via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCLEmap/1901-2000/LE1988-03-03N.gif

Penumbral eclipse of Tuesday, March 14, 2006, which numbered as second in Saros 113 cycle's second penumbral set and as 63rd in the cycle's 71-member lineup, was the immediate predecessor of the Monday, March 25, 2024, penumbral eclipse: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC), via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCLEmap/2001-2100/LE2006-03-14N.gif

Penumbral eclipse of Saturday, April 5, 2042, numbering as fourth in Saros 113 cycle's second penumbral set and as 65th in the cycle's 71-member lineup, is the immediate successor of the Monday, March 25, 2024, penumbral eclipse: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC), via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCLEmap/2001-2100/LE2042-04-05N.gif

Penumbral eclipse of Wednesday, June 10, 2150, closes Saros 113 cycle's second penumbral set as the set's 10th and last eclipse and as the 71st and last eclipse in the cycle's 71-member lineup: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC), via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCLEmap/2101-2200/LE2150-06-10N.gif

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