Wednesday, December 18, 2024

Dec. 21 Solstice Opes Northern Astronomical Winter and Southern Summer


Summary: With a south polar tilt toward the sun, the Dec. 21, 2024, solstice simultaneously opes northern astronomical winter and southern astronomical summer.


winter solstice, rainbow and Castle Geyser eruption, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Teton County, Wyoming; image credit National Park Service / Jacob W. Frank: via National Park Service

With Earth's South Pole tilting toward the sun and its away-tilted North Pole, the Dec. 21, 2024, solstice simultaneously opes the astronomical seasons of winter in the Northern Hemisphere and summer in the Southern Hemisphere.
The December solstice in 2024 is scheduled for Saturday, Dec. 21, 2024, 4:21 a.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST) in the Northern Hemisphere. The Earth-wide astronomically seasonal event takes place at 09:21 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the Earth's primary time standard, according to the U.S. Naval Observatory, Astronomical Applications Department's "Earth Seasons -- Equinoxes and Solstices -- 2023-2026," published on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Weather Service website. The solstice happens on Saturday, Dec. 21, for all 14 times zones (UTC+1 through UTC+14) lying east of UTC. It occurs Saturday, Dec. 21, for the first nine (UTC-1 through UTC-9) of the 12 time zones west of UTC. It takes place on Friday, Dec. 20, for the last three (UTC-10 through UTC-12) of the 12 times zones west of UTC, according to "Time Zone Converter -- Time Difference Calculator (Classic)," published on the Time and Date website.
A positive UTC offset, indicated as UTC+1 through UTC+14, references time zones east of UTC. A negative UTC offset, designated as UTC-1 through UTC-12, signifies time zones west of UTC. Time zones east of UTC are ahead of UTC. Time zones west of UTC lag behind UTC.
The December solstice complements the year's June solstice with respect to the astronomical seasons of summer and winter. The December solstice reverses the June solstice's hemispheric seasonal openings. Accordingly, the December solstice signals astronomical winter in the Northern Hemisphere and astronomical summer in the Southern Hemisphere.
The involvement of "some imaginary lines on our planet" answers the question "But what is the solstice exactly?" asked by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory web producer, editor and writer Jessica Stoller-Conrad in "What Is a Solstice?" on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) SciJinks website. Earth's axis of rotation, the equator and "special" tropical latitudinal circles of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere and Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere associate with the year's two solstices.
Each of the two solstices specifies its own tropical latitudinal circle. The June solstice connects with the Northern Hemisphere's Tropic of Cancer. December's solstice links with the Southern Hemisphere's Tropic of Capricorn. The sun's directly overhead placement at high noon, i.e., 12:00 p.m., characterizes each solstice's respective circle of latitude. Accordingly, the sun sits directly above the Tropic of Cancer on the June solstice and directly above the Tropic of Capricorn on the December solstice.
These two imaginary circles demarcate, respectively, the northernmost and southernmost latitudes experiencing a directly overhead sun at high noon during the sun's two annual crossings above the equator. Solstices (Latin: sol, "sun" + sistere, "to stand still") represent the stops of directly overhead placements in the sun's northward and southward equatorial crossings. "Outside the tropic zones, whether to the south or north, the sun is never directly overhead," explains Jessica Stoller-Conrad.
The year's two solstices participate in the openings of Earth's astronomical seasons with the year's two equinoxes, which occur in March and September. The March equinox announces astronomical spring in the Northern Hemisphere and astronomical autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. September's equinox introduces astronomical autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and astronomical spring in the Southern Hemisphere.
Three-month intervals distinguish the annual lineup of equinoxes and solstices. Accordingly, the year's first equinox appears in the Gregorian calendar's third month, March. Three months later, as the year's sixth month, June initiates the year's first solstice. After three months, the year's second equinox takes place in the year's ninth month, September. Three months later, as the year's 12th month, December closes the annual lineup with the year's second and final solstice.
In 2024, the schedule of the December solstice's three predecessors began with the March equinox's happening Tuesday, March 19, at 11:06 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) and Wednesday, March 20, at 03:06 UTC. March's successor, the June solstice, took place Thursday, June 20, at 4:51 p.m. EDT and at 20:51 UTC. September's equinox occurred Sunday, Sep. 22, at 8:44 a.m. EDT and at 12:44 UTC.

full disk geocolor image of Earth captured by NOAA's GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites)-East geostationary satellite, also known as GOES-16, at the beginning of astronomical winter, Dec. 21, 2017, at 11:28 a.m. EST (16:28 UTC): NOAA Satellites (NOAASatellites), Public Domain, via Flickr

Acknowledgment
My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication
This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:
winter solstice, rainbow and Castle Geyser eruption, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Teton County, Wyoming; image credit National Park Service / Jacob W. Frank: via National Park Service @ https://www.nps.gov/subjects/naturalphenomena/winter-solstice.htm
full disk geocolor image of Earth captured by NOAA's GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites)-East geostationary satellite, also known as GOES-16, at the beginning of astronomical winter, Dec. 21, 2017, at 11:28 a.m. EST (16:28 UTC): NOAA Satellites (NOAASatellites), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/noaasatellites/27423141859

For further information:
Marriner, Derdriu. "2017 Winter Solstice Happens Thursday, Dec. 21, in Northern Hemisphere." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Dec. 20, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/12/2017-winter-solstice-happens-thursday.html
Marriner, Derdriu. "2018 Winter Solstice Happens Friday, Dec. 21, in Northern Hemisphere." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Dec. 19, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/2018-winter-solstice-happens-friday-dec.html
Marriner, Derdriu. "2019 Winter Solstice Happens Sunday, Dec. 22, in Northern Hemisphere." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Dec. 11, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/2019-winter-solstice-happens-sunday-dec.html
Marriner, Derdriu. "American Samoa Has Summer Solstice As Rest of U.S. Has Winter Solstice." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Dec. 12, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/american-samoa-has-summer-solstice-as.html
Marriner, Derdriu. "December Signals Summer Solstice for American Samoa and Jarvis Island." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Dec. 18, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/december-signals-summer-solstice-for.html
Marriner, Derdriu. "Wednesday, November 30, 2016 December Solstice Always Occurs at the Same Instant Everywhere on Earth." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Nov. 30, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/december-solstice-always-occurs-at-same.html
Marriner, Derdriu. "December Solstice Opens Astronomical Winter With 2016’s Longest Night." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Dec. 14, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/december-solstice-opens-astronomical.html
Marriner, Derdriu. "December Winter Solstice Opens Northern Hemisphere’s Shortest Season." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Dec. 21, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/december-winter-solstice-opens-northern.html
Marriner, Derdriu. "Northern Latitudes Have Least Amount of Daylight Near December Solstice." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Dec. 4, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/northern-latitudes-have-least-amount-of.html
Marriner, Derdriu. "Two Weeks After 2016 December Solstice Earth Reaches 2017 Perihelion." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Dec. 28, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/two-weeks-after-2016-december-solstice.html
Marriner, Derdriu. "Two Weeks After the 2018 December Solstice Earth Reaches Perihelion." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Dec. 26, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/two-weeks-after-2018-december-solstice.html
National Park Service. "Winter Solstice." National Park Service > Natural Phenomena. Last updated Dec. 24, 2022.
Available via National Park Service @ https://www.nps.gov/subjects/naturalphenomena/winter-solstice.htm
Stoller-Conrad, Jessica. "What Is a Solstice?" NOAA SciJinks > Topics > Weather Forecasting. Updated Oct. 3, 2023.
Available via NOAA SciJinks @ https://scijinks.gov/solstice/
Stoller-Conrad, Jessica. "Why Does Earth Have Seasons?" NOAA SciJinks > Topics > Weather Forecasting. Updated Oct. 3, 2023.
Available via NOAA SciJinks @ https://scijinks.gov/earths-seasons/
U.S. Naval Observatory, Astronomical Applications Department. "Earth Seasons -- Equinoxes and Solstices -- 2023-2026." NOAA National Weather Service.
Available via NOAA National Weather Service @ https://www.weather.gov/media/ind/seasons.pdf


Tuesday, December 17, 2024

Death at the Sanatorium Avails Us of Philip Marlowe, Private Eye


Summary: Death at the Sanatorium, from Hvítidauði by Ragnar Jónasson, avails us of Philip Marlowe, Private Eye series on Icelandic television in 1983.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.


King Leopardi (Michael Billington) abandons custom-made, name-adorned pajamas as hotel-bed attire for yellow silk pajamas as private-home bedroom attire. He abides in a female bedroom, perhaps in female attire altered by a female-acquired gun aimed accurately at its front. Perhaps that attire alikens the yellow pajamas, from that same 1930, 1930s time, in the advertisement above; "À la mer toutes les femmes élégantes portent des pyjamas en cretonne 'Lisières Fleuries,'" advertisement in Le Jardin des Modes (1930, page 366) for Parisian textile and wallpaper designer and manufacturer Paul Dumas, 9 rue Saint-Fiacre, 2nd arrondissement (le IIe arrondissement de Paris), Rive droite (right bank of the Seine), central Paris, Île-de-France region, north-central France: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Death at the Sanatorium: A Mystery, Anglicized by Victoria Cribb from Icelandic Hvítidauði (“White Death”) by Ragnar Jónasson, avails us of the Philip Marlowe, Private Eye series on Icelandic television in 1983.
Elísabet (“God [is perfect, plentiful] seven”), by 1983, becomes a television viewer of the Unitedstatesian television series Dallas, perhaps from its beginnings Sunday, April 2, 1978. The Akureyri-centered Reykjavíkingur (from Old Norse akr eyrr, “cornfield gravel-bank”; reykr vík -ingr, “smoke bay inhabitant”) considers the Philip Marlowe series commenced Saturday, April 16, 1983. Episode 1, The Pencil, by director Peter R. Hunt and writer Jo Eisinger, dramatizes the short story by Raymond Thornton Chandler (Jul 23, 1888-Mar 26, 1959).
That episode entertains or enthralls Elísabet enough that she evaluates this new series as “very promising” (Death:76) and perhaps expects equally to esteem the second episode.

The King in Yellow, by director Bryan Forbes and Jesse L. Lasky, Jr., for Saturday, April 23, 1983, films a Dime Detective-featured story from March 1938.
King Leopardi (Michael Billington) gets to the trumpet-blowing tops of music charts even as he goes after all girls, not all of whose love he gains. Hollywood radio station KPRC has among night-owl programming midnight through 2:00 a.m. Lonely Town singing by Dolores Chiozza (Lise Hilboldt) and its trumpeting by Chicagoan Leopardi. Leopardi that night inhabits room 2-15, not the penthouse suite, of Carlton Hotel, whose owner, Jumbo Walters (Peter Frye), intends him imminently for his Club Shalotte.
Death at the Sanatorium by Ragnar Jónasson jubilates a west-coast detective journeying from short stories by Raymond Chandler to the television series Philip Marlowe, Private Eye.

Hired house detective Philip Marlowe, from kicking trumpeter Leopardi out at 1:25 a.m., knows about a $10,000 or kill note “by tomorrow night” against the latter.
Dolores lasts personally and professionally by living less loudly than Leopardi and by logging at Café Shalotte such lilting laments as Where did that dream go? She later meets Marlowe at her residence after mentioning by telephone call about moving Leopardi from her bedroom before her maid materializes there the next morning. Leopardi in yellow silk pajamas nestled, before show end around 2:00 a.m., in her bed, where someone else nullified him forever with Dolores’ San Francisco-gifted gun.
Death at the Sanatorium offers us, in 1983, Philip Marlowe, Private Eye, whose people and place names occur in Hollywood and other neighborhoods of Los Angeles.

Marlowe peregrinates to 21-86 Royal Apartments, Courtly Hill, Hollywood and, after lock-picking, perceives that renter and screen extra Miss Kitty Delorme (Nancy Wood) perished from strangling.
He, Detective Baker (Jim Dunk) and Lieutenant Victor Magee (William Kearns) quest Dolores about the crime scene in her bedroom even as Marlowe then questions Jumbo. Marlowe then rides over to the Crestline cabin of former stunt man Gaff Talley (John Alderson), brother of fellow Carlton Hotel employee George Millar (Marc Smith). The latter two siblings share a sorrowful sadness stemming from their relative, Eve Millar, Jumbo’s off-and-on girlfriend and singer, suiciding herself in Carlton Hotel room 2-15.
Death at the Sanatorium tells us about the televised series Philip Marlowe, Private Eye, whose second episode terminates with Dolores torch-singing The end of my rainbow.

An accommodating cabin perhaps alikening those of such Crestline weekenders as the owner of the million-dollar mansion above and an abundant fishing foray allure Philip Marlowe (Powers Boothe). Marlowe finally allows himself that ambiance albeit just to approach George Millar (Marc Smith) and his Crestline cabin owner, ex-stuntman, fellow Carlton Hotel employee and sibling Gaff Millar Talley (John Alderson) about their relative, singer Eve Millar, and about associated casualties such as King Leopardi (Michael Billington) and Kitty Delorme (Nancy Wood); "When I saw this scene I thought about man's search for contentment. Some find it when fishing from a boat on the lake. Others find it in a million dollar mansion above the water," Saturday, April 11, 2015, 10:16, image, Lake Gregory reservoir, Crestline, San Bernardino Mountains, San Bernardino County, Southern California: inkknife_2000 (7.5 million views +), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment
My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication
This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:
King Leopardi (Michael Billington) abandons custom-made, name-adorned pajamas as hotel-bed attire for yellow silk pajamas as private-home bedroom attire. He abides in a female bedroom, perhaps in female attire altered by a female-acquired gun aimed accurately at its front. Perhaps that attire alikens the yellow pajamas, from that same 1930, 1930s time, in the advertisement above; "À la mer toutes les femmes élégantes portent des pyjamas en cretonne 'Lisières Fleuries,'" advertisement in Le Jardin des Modes (1930, page 366) for Parisian textile and wallpaper designer and manufacturer Paul Dumas, 9 rue Saint-Fiacre, 2nd arrondissement (le IIe arrondissement de Paris), Rive droite (right bank of the Seine), central Paris, Île-de-France region, north-central France: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ wiki/File:Advertisement_for_pyjamas_in_Lisières_Fleuries_fabric,_from_Jardin_des_Modes,_1930.jpg
An accommodating cabin perhaps alikening those of such Crestline weekenders as the owner of the million-dollar mansion above and an abundant fishing foray allure Philip Marlowe (Powers Boothe). Marlowe finally allows himself that ambiance albeit just to approach George Millar (Marc Smith) and his Crestline cabin owner, ex-stuntman, fellow Carlton Hotel employee and sibling Gaff Millar Talley (John Alderson) about their relative, singer Eve Millar, and about associated casualties such as King Leopardi (Michael Billington) and Kitty Delorme (Nancy Wood); "When I saw this scene I thought about man's search for contentment. Some find it when fishing from a boat on the lake. Others find it in a million dollar mansion above the water," Saturday, April 11, 2015, 10:16, image, Lake Gregory reservoir, Crestline, San Bernardino Mountains, San Bernardino County, Southern California: inkknife_2000 (7.5 million views +), CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Two_Extremes_of_Contentment_4-11-15_(17132739836).jpg; Don Graham (inkknife_2000 (13.5 million views)), CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/23155134@N06/17132739836/

For further information:
"About Us." Westfjords Winery.
Available @ https://www.fjordswinery.com/aboutus
admin. 29 January 2021. "Brennivin - The Black Death of Iceland. Your Friend in Reykjavik > Food & Drink in Iceland. Copyrighted 2023.
Available @ https://yourfriendinreykjavik.com/brennivin-the-black-death-of-iceland/#:~:text=Brennivin%2C%20better%20known%20as%20%E2%80%9CBlack,distilled%20over%20an%20opened%20flame.
Amazing Places. 21 August 2012. "Ellidaey Island (Elliðaey), Iceland." Amazing Places on Earth, Places to Visit > Europe.
Available @ https://amazingplacesonearth.com/ellidaey-island-ellidaey-iceland/
Árnað heilla. 28 August 2015. "Freysteinn Gunnarsson." mbl.is > The People > Means Icelanders.
Available @ https://www-mbl-is.translate.goog/greinasafn/grein/1565665/?_x_tr_sl=is&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc
Baicich, Paul J.; and Colin J.O. Harrison. 2005. "Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus)." Pages 109-110. In: Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds. Princeton Field Guides. Second edition. Princeton NJ USA; and Oxford UK: Princeton University Press.
Bernard, Kristine. 6 August 2020. "The Top Coffee-Consuming Countries." Worldatlas.com.
Available @ https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-10-coffee-consuming-nations.html
Bjarnadóttir-Covert, Ásta; and Will Covert. "Bessa: bear." Flying C Ranch Icelandic Horses > Site Map > Sales > Icelandic Horse Names > B. Copyright 2004-2021.
Available @ https://www.tolt.net/names.html#b
Blackie, C. “Scale, Skali (Scand.), Sheal, Shealing (Scotch), a hut or shed; e.g. Scalby, Scaleby (hut town); Scalloway (the huts on the bay, vig), Shetland; Galashiels (the huts on the R. Gala); Biggarshiels (the huts near the town of Biggar); Shields, North and South, originally a collection of fishermen’s huts; but as scald, in the Scandinavian language means a bard, that word is likely to form an element in the names of places; Scalewell in probably the bard’s well; Skalholt, in Iceland, may be the bard’s hill.” Pages 141-142. In: C. Blackie, Etymological Dictionary. With an Introduction by John Stuart Blackie. Second Edition. London [England, UK]: Daldy, Isbister, & Co., 1876.
Available via Google Books @ https://books.google.com/books?id=Wf4xAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA142
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopedia. 8 January 2022. "Einar Benediktsson." Encyclopedia Britannica.
Available @ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Einar-Benediktsson
CarlDennis. "Freysteinn Gunnarsson." SecondHandSongs > Database > Artists > Search. Copyright 2003-2022.
Available @ https://secondhandsongs.com/artist/133401
Casey, Brendan. 31 December 2020. "World's Loneliest House: Home on Island Near Iceland Is One of Most Isolated Properties in the Globe." realestate.com.au > News.
Available @ https://www.realestate.com.au/news/worlds-loneliest-house-home-on-island-near-iceland-is-one-of-most-isolated-properties-in-the-globe/
Chantegrel, Géraldine. "Jeux de mots glacés: entretien avec Jean-Christophe Salaün." Pages 131-137. In: Traduire 246/2015 Intraduisible? Vous voulez rire! OpenEdition Journals.
Available @ https://journals.openedition.org/traduire/711
Choi, Sophia. 31 August 2015. “Food for Thought: The Icelandic Apple.” ThisIsMold.com > Process > Manufacture > Nutrition.
Available @ https://thisismold.com/process/manufacture/food-for-thought-the-icelandic-apple
Collingwood, W. G.; and Jón Stefánsson. 1899. "Hjörleif's Head." Pages 2-3. In: !. To Thingvellir & Geysie: The Regular Tourist Round. In: A Pilgrimage to the Saga-Steads of Iceland. Ulverston (England UK): W. Holmes.
Available via Google Books @ https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Pilgrimage_to_the_Saga_steads_of_Icela/2qNDAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=dufthak+dubhthach+founder+of+icelandic&pg=PA2&printsec=frontcover
Coutsoukis, Photius; and Information Technology Associates. "List of Streets in Reykjavík, Reykjavíkurborg, Höfuðborgarsvæði, Iceland, Google Maps and Street View Photos." Geographic.org / streetview. Copyright 1995-2023.
Available @ https://geographic.org/streetview/iceland/hofudborgarsvaedi/reykjavikurborg/reykjavik.html#index_o
Crowden, James. 24 October 2009. “Icelandic Apples.” Fruit Forum edited by Joan Morgan > Articles.
Available @ http://www.fruitforum.net/articles/icelandic-apples/
"David Warriner, Literary Translator (French to English)." Traduction W Translation Inc > W Translation.
Available @ https://wtranslation.ca/en/#header
DeMarco, Amanda. 11 October 2011. "Bjartur-Verold: Selling Icelandic Literature Abroad." Publishing Perspectives > Frankfurt 2011.
Available @ https://publishingperspectives.com/2011/10/bjartur-verold-selling-icelandic-literature-abroad/
"The Distillery." 64° Reykjavik Distillery.
Available @ https://reykjavikdistillery.is/#DISTILLERY
"Do you know about "ísbíltúr"?" visitreykjavik > News.
Available @ https://visitreykjavik.is/news/do-you-know-about-isbiltur
"The Drink." Brennivín > The Original Icelandic Spirit > Products. Copyrighted 2020.
Available @ https://www.brennivin.com/#PRODUCTS
Ebert, Dick. 2022. "Einar Benediktsson Statue in Reykjavík, Iceland." Encircle Photos.
Available @ https://www.encirclephotos.com/image/einar-benediktsson-statue-in-reykjavik-iceland/
"Einarsson, S - Fjallkonan (Freysteinn Gunnarsson)." prestomusic > Classical > Works > Browse. Copyright 2022.
Available @ https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/works/12470--einarsson-s-fjallkonan-freysteinn-gunnarsson/browsebr />
Elefsen, Anita; Steinunn M. Sveinsdóttir; Örlygur Kristfinnsson; Quentin Bates. 2018. Siglufjörður-Ljósmyndir/Photographs 1872-2018. Síldarminjasafn Íslands.
Eth & Thorn. 29 June 2013. "Old Ice Cream and the Ísbíltúr." EthandThorn > Grapevine Articles > 2012-2013. Blog at WordPress.
Available @ https://ethandthorn.wordpress.com/2013/06/29/old-ice-cream-and-the-isbiltur/
Farrant, Theo; and AFP. Updated 28 October 2022. "Iceland's prime minister releases her first crime thriller novel." Euronews > Culture > Culture News.
Available @ https://www.euronews.com/culture/2022/10/28/icelands-prime-minister-releases-her-first-crime-thriller-novel
Flatley, Louise. 29 March 2019. "Story Behind the Tiny House on a Remote Icelandic Island." The Vintage News > News > 2019/03/29.
Available @ https://www.thevintagenews.com/2019/03/29/isolated-island-in-iceland/
Flosas, Hörður. 21 February 2021. "Jóhann Jónsson." Find a Grave > Memorials > Region > Europe > Iceland > Vesturland > Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður. Memorial 223356907 by Contributor 47560915.
Available @ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/223356907/j%C3%B3hann-j%C3%B3nsson
“Freysteinn Gunnarsson.” Geni > People > Search Ancestors. Copyright 2002-2022.
Available @ https://www-geni-com.translate.goog/people/Freysteinn-Gunnarsson/6000000031385382172?_x_tr_sl=is&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc
Fulton, Catharine. 12 April 2022. "The Very Icelandic Art of Eating Ice Cream in Winter." What's On > Food & Drink in Iceland.
Available @ https://www.whatson.is/the-very-icelandic-art-of-eating-ice-cream-in-winter/
"Gráskeggur means Greybeard." Graskeggur.
Available @ https://graskeggur.com/
Guðmundsson, Magnús. 30 October 2018. "One of Those Eccentrics Who Come to Iceland and Fall in Love with the Language." Icelandic Literature Center > News.
Available @ https://www.islit.is/en/news/one-of-these-eccentrics-who-came-to-iceland-and-fell-in-love-with-the-language
Gunnarsdóttir, Halla. "Sculpture/Halla Gunnarsdóttir." Pinterest.
Available @ https://www.pinterest.com/HallaGunnarsdottir/sculpturehalla-gunnarsd%C3%B3ttir/
"Gunnarsson, Freysteinn." World Cat Identities. Copyright 2022.
Available @ http://www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-177938357/
Hálfdánarson, Guðmundur. 2008. Historical Dictionary of Iceland. Second Edition. Lanham MD: Scarecrow Press, Inc., subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
Available @ https://www.google.com/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Iceland/uoIG6bbP32IC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR17&printsec=frontcover
"Halla Gunnarsdóttir." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/hallagunnars/
"Halla Gunnarsdóttir." Listasafn > English.
Available @ https://listasafnreykjavikur.is/en/artist/halla-gunnarsdottir
"Halla Gunnarsdóttir." Saatchi Art.
Available @ https://www.saatchiart.com/hallagunnars
"hallagunnarsdottir." Instagram.
Available @ https://www.instagram.com/hallagunnarsdottir/?hl=en
Harpa, Ragnheidur. 28 June 2019. "10. This thing called “Ísrúntur” in "Reasons Why Iceland Can Reduce Your Stress Level." Iceland Travel > Leisure.
Available @ https://www.icelandtravel.is/blog/iceland-reduce-stress-level/
Hermannsson, Halldór. 1924. “Jón Guðmundsson and His Natural History of Iceland.” Islandica: An Annual Relating to Iceland and the Fiske Icelandic Collection in Cornell University Library, Vol. XV. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Library.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/IslandicaAnnual15/page/n11/mode/2up
Höfundar Wikipediu. 6 mars 2021. "Einar Benediktsson". Wikipedia, Frjálsa alfræðiritið.
Available @ https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einar_Benediktsson
"Hrōdebert." Nordic Names.
Available @ https://www.nordicnames.de/wiki/Hr%C5%8Ddebert
Husavik. 9 February 2022. "Ísbíltúr: Iceland’s ice-cream road trips." Monocle > Culture > Travel. Copyright 2023.
Available @ https://monocle.com/film/culture/isbiltur-iceland-s-ice-cream-road-trips/
“Iceland Among Top 10 Safest Countries and Reykjavãk [sic] Is The Winner of Tripadvisor Awards." Travelio > News > Trends. Dated 20 May 2010.
Available @ https://www.travelio.net/iceland-among-top-10-safest-countries-and-reykjavik-is-the-winner-of-tripadvisor-awards.html
“The Icelandic Apple.” Domus > En > News > 06 Jul 2015 > The Icelandic Apple Abstract.
Available @ https://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2015/07/06/the_icelandic_apple.html
“Icelandic Braveheart.” Café Loki > Menu > Traditional Icelandic Food.
Available @ https://loki.is/menu
"Ingolf sets out to settle in Iceland, A.D. 874. Chapter VI." Northvegr Foundation > N. European Studies > Texts > North European Studies Texts > Primary Sources > Sagas > Landnámabók The Book of the Icelandic Settlements, written by Ari the Learned is a Saga Age text that is a full record of the early colonization of Iceland > Text Transcribed by Aaron Myer > Titles Part 1 > Page 2. Copyright 2004-2007.
Available @ https://jillian.rootaction.net/~jillian/world_faiths/www.northvegr.org/lore/landnamabok/004.html
"Ingolf sets out to settle in Iceland, A.D. 874. Chapter VII." Northvegr Foundation > N. European Studies > Texts > North European Studies Texts > > Primary Sources > Sagas > Landnámabók The Book of the Icelandic Settlements, written by Ari the Learned is a Saga Age text that is a full record of the early colonization of Iceland > Text Transcribed by Aaron Myer > Titles Part 1 > Page 2. Copyright 2004-2007.
Available @ https://jillian.rootaction.net/~jillian/world_faiths/www.northvegr.org/lore/landnamabok/004.html
Innfinity. "Iceland's lit af 'cool' cultural experience of ísbíltúr." Innfinity > Limitless.
Available @ https://www.innfinity.in/limitless/ice-cream-road-trip/
Irujo, Xabier; and Viola Miglio. (Eds.) Jón Gudmundsson Laerdi’s True Account and the Massacre of Basque Whalers in Iceland in 1615. Reno NV: Center for Basque Studies, University of Nevada.
Jain, Sanya. 18 December 2020. "The Story Behind the 'World's Loneliest House'." NDTV > Offbeat.
Available @ https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/the-story-behind-the-worlds-loneliest-house-2340575
"Jean-Christophe Salaün." Icelandic Literature Center > Translators.
Available @ https://www.islit.is/en/translators/jacek-godek-1
Jónasson, Ragnar. 2024. Death at the Sanatorium: A Mystery. Translation by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Sep. 10, 2024.
Jónasson, Ragnar. 2022. Outside. Translation of Úti (2021) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, June 28, 2022.
Jónasson, Ragnar. 2021. The Girl Who Died. Translation of Þorpið (2018) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, May 4, 2021.
Jónasson, Ragnar. 2021. Winterkill. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 6. Translation of Sigló (2020), French edition of Vetrarmein (2020) by David Warriner. New York NY: Minotaur Books, March 1, 2021.
Jónasson, Ragnar. 2020. The Mist. Hidden Iceland (Hulda) series, book 3. Translation of Mistur (2017) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, June 23, 2020.
Jónasson, Ragnar. 2020. Whiteout. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 5. Translation of Andköf (2013) by Quentin Bates. London UK: Orenda Books, Jan. 1, 2020.
Jónasson, Ragnar. 2019. The Island. Hidden Iceland (Hulda) series, book 2. Translation of Drungi (2016) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, May 21, 2019.
Jónasson, Ragnar. 2019. The Rupture. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 4. Translation of Rof (2012) by Quentin Bates. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Jan. 22, 2019.
Jónasson, Ragnar. 2018. The Darkness. Hidden Iceland (Hulda) series, book 1. Translation of Dimma (2015) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Oct. 16, 2018.
Jónasson, Ragnar. 2018. Blackout. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 3. Translation of Myrknætti (2011) by Quentin Bates. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Aug. 28, 2018.
Jónasson, Ragnar. 2017. Nightblind. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 2. Translation of Náttblinda (2014) by Quentin Bates. New York NY: Minotaur Books, December 5, 2017.
Jónasson, Ragnar. 2017. Whiteout. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 5. Translation of Andköf (2013) by Quentin Bates. London UK: Orenda Books, Nov. 1, 2017.
Jónasson, Ragnar. 2017. Snowblind. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 1. Translation of Snjóblinda (2010) by Quentin Bates. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Jan. 31, 2017.
Jónasson, Ragnar; and Katrín Jakobsdóttir. 2023. Reykjavík: A Crime Story. Translation of Reykjavík (2022) by Victoria Cribb. Originally published in Iceland by Verld Publishing. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Sep. 5, 2023.
"Kolla." Nordic Names.
Available @ https://www.nordicnames.de/wiki/Kolla
Kravitz, Melissa. 30 January 2018. "In Iceland, There’s a Word for an Ice Cream Road Trip. Here’s Where to Ísbíltúr This Winter." Smithsonnian Magazine > Travel. Copyrighted 2023 Smithsonian Magazine.
Available @ https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/where-to-isbiltur-ice-cream-road-trip-iceland-180967999/
"Laura." Nordic Names.
Available @ https://www.nordicnames.de/wiki/Laura
Laxness, Halldór. "16 Icelandic Pioneer from Independent People (1934)." Pages 134-144. In: Kolbert, Elizabeth. (Ed.) 2007. The Ends of the Earth: Anthology of the Finest Writing on the Arctic. New York NY: Bloomsbury USA.
Liles, Jordan. 12 November 2021. "The 'World's Loneliest House': Elliðaey’s Myths Debunked." Snopes Media Group Inc. > Fact Checks > Viral Phenomena.
Available @ https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/worlds-loneliest-house-ellidaey/
Lindley, John. 1835. "12. Platanthera hyperborea." Page 287. In: The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants. London (England): Ridgways, April 1830 to October 1840.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/393547
Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2024. "Death at the Sanatorium Avails Us of Philip Marlowe, Private Eye." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/death-at-sanatorium-avails-us-of-philip.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2024. "Death at the Sanatorium Acquaints Us With Philip Marlowe, Private Eye." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/death-at-sanatorium-acquaints-us-with.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2024. "Ellery Queen Appears Second Among Authors in Death at the Sanatorium." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/ellery-queen-appears-second-among.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 26 November 2024. "The Dutch Shoe Mystery and Death at the Sanatorium Advance Deductively." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/the-dutch-shoe-mystery-and-death-at.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2024. "Death at the Sanatorium and The Roman Hat Mystery Activate Deduction." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/death-at-sanatorium-and-roman-hat.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 12 November 2024. "Patrick Quentin Appears First Among Authors in Death at the Sanatorium." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/patrick-quentin-appears-first-among.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 5 November 2024. "A Puzzle for Fools by Patrick Quentin Affects Death at the Sanatorium." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/a-puzzle-for-fools-by-patrick-quentin.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 29 October 2024. "Bautinn Restaurant Appetizes All But Two in Death at the Sanatorium." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/bautinn-restaurant-appetizes-all-but.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 22 October 2024. "Death at the Sanatorium Acquaints Us With Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/death-at-sanatorium-acquaints-us-with_01214399686.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2024. "Jónasson Adds And Then There Was Christie to Death at the Sanatorium." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/jonasson-adds-and-then-there-was.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 8 October 2024. "Poet Ragnar Jónasson Adds Another’s Poetry to Death at the Sanatorium." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/poet-ragnar-jonasson-adds-anothers.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2024. "Death at the Sanatorium Acquaints Us With Poet Jóhann Sigurjónsson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/death-at-sanatorium-acquaints-us-with.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 24 September 2024. "Icelandic Food Admits Coffee Afore Evening in Death at the Sanatorium." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/icelandic-food-admits-coffee-afore.html#google_vignette
Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2024. "Death at the Sanatorium Acquaints Us With Fictitious and Real People." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/death-at-sanatorium-acquaints-us-with.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 10 September 2024. "Death at the Sanatorium Affects Two Capitals, One North, Another South." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/death-at-sanatorium-affects-two.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 9 January 2024. "Reykjavík: A Crime Story Authenticates Icelandic Addresses and Areas." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/01/reykjavik-crime-story-authenticates.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 2 January 2024. "Reykjavík: A Crime Story Archives Icelandic Addresses and Areas." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/01/reykjavik-crime-story-archives.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 26 December 2023. "Reykjavík: A Crime Story Accuratizes Icelandic Addresses and Areas." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/12/reykjavik-crime-story-accuratizes.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2023. "Famous and Fictional Male Icelanders Act in Reykjavík: A Crime Story." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/12/famous-and-fictional-male-icelanders.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 12 December 2023. "Famous and Fictional Female Icelanders Act in Reykjavík: A Crime Story." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/12/famous-and-fictional-female-icelanders.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 5 December 2023. "Savory Sandwich Cake Authenticates Reykjavík: A Crime Story Food Faves." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/12/savory-sandwich-cake-authenticates.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 28 November 2023. "Eiríkur Hauksson and His Moscow Song Are in Reykjavík: A Crime Story." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/11/eirikur-hauksson-and-his-moscow-song.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 21 November 2023. "President Vigdis Finnbogadottir Appears in Reykjavík: A Crime Story." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/11/president-vigdis-finnbogadottir-appears.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 14 November 2023. "Modernist Author Elias Mar Appears in Reykjavík: A Crime Story." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/11/modernist-author-elias-mar-appears-in.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 7 November 2023. "Thirtieth Hraundrangi Ascent Anniversary Absents Itself from Reykjavík: A Crime Story." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/11/thirtieth-hraundrangi-ascent.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 31 October 2023. "No Gudmundur, No Geirfinnur Alarmed Reykjavík: A Crime Story Audiences." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/no-gudmundur-no-geirfinnur-alarmed.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 24 October 2023. "Reykjavík: A Crime Story Airs Walking Tours, the Sixth From 1986." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/reykjavik-crime-story-airs-walking_0110730607.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 17 October 2023. "Reykjavík: A Crime Story Airs Walking Tours, the Fifth From 1986." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/reykjavik-crime-story-airs-walking_0775985688.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 10 October 2023. "Reykjavík: A Crime Story Airs Walking Tours, the Fourth From 1986." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/reykjavik-crime-story-airs-walking_10.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 3 October 2023. "Reykjavík: A Crime Story Airs Walking Tours, the Third From 1976." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/reykjavik-crime-story-airs-walking_3.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 26 September 2023. "Reykjavík: A Crime Story Airs Walking Tours, the Second From 1966." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/reykjavik-crime-story-airs-walking_26.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 19 September 2023. "Reykjavík: A Crime Story Airs Walking Tours, the First From 1956." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/reykjavik-crime-story-airs-walking.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 12 September 2023. "Reykjavík: A Crime Story Acclaims Three Photogenic Mountain Ranges." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/reykjavik-crime-story-acclaims-three.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 5 September 2023. "Thorvaldur Gissurarson Assured Reykjavík: A Crime Story a Videy Venue." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/thorvaldur-gissurarson-assured.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 29 August 2023. "Perhaps Helgi in White Death Apes Ancient Crimes by Dufthak in Iceland." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/perhaps-helgi-in-white-death-apes.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 22 August 2023. "Ingolfr Arnarson Assured Our Availing Reykjavík: A Crime Story." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/ingolfr-arnarson-assured-our-availing.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 15 August 2023. "White Death Plots Maybe Are Alterable With Isbiltur and Isruntur Trips." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/white-death-plots-maybe-are-alterable.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 8 August 2023. "What Are Bicentennial Celebrations 1986 Without Brennivin in Reykjavík: A Crime Story?" Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/what-are-bicentennial-celebrations-1986.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 1 August 2023. "Reykjavik and Videy Sides of Kollfjordur Bay Add Anxiety in Reykjavík." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/reykjavik-and-videy-sides-of.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 25 July 2023. "Reykjavík Botanic Garden Perhaps Alleviates Anxiety in White Death." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/reykjavik-botanic-garden-perhaps.html />
Marriner, Derdriu. 18 July 2023. "Ragnar Jónasson Adds Two Standalones With Reykjavík and White Death." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/ragnar-jonasson-adds-two-standalones.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 11 July 2023. "White Death Avails English Readers of Hvítidauði by Ragnar Jónasson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/white-death-avails-english-readers-of_033263944.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 4 July 2023. "A Prime Minister and a Thriller Novelist Authored the Book Reykjavík." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/a-prime-minister-and-thriller-novelist.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 27 June 2023. "Winterkill, Anglicized from Vetrarmein, Airs Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/winterkill-anglicized-from-vetrarmein.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 20 June 2023. "Hot Chocolate Awes Easter Crowds in Winterkill, Anglicized From Sigló." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/hot-chocolate-awes-easter-crowds-in.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 13 June 2023. "Quentin Bates Adds a Translation to Outside, Anglicized From Úti." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/quentin-bates-adds-translation-to.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 6 June 2023. "Winterkill Anglicizes What Jean-Christophe Salaün Frenchified as Sigló." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/
Marriner, Derdriu. 30 May 2023. "David Warriner Anglicizes Winterkill From Vetrarmein By Way of Sigló." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/david-warriner-anglicizes-winterkill.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 23 May 2023. "Perhaps Falls Are Jumps in Winterkill, Anglicized From Vetrarmein." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/perhaps-falls-are-jumps-in-winterkill.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 16 May 2023. "Harborside Rooms and Violent Deaths Add Stayover Traffic to Winterkill." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/harborside-rooms-and-violent-deaths-add.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 9 May 2023. "Whiteout, Anglicized From Andkör, Archives Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/whiteout-anglicized-from-andkor.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 2 May 2023. "Flaming Coffee Sambuca Acts as a Christmas Toast in Whiteout." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/flaming-coffee-sambuca-acts-as.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 25 April 2023. "Axel Sveinsson Lighthouses Add Jobs and Attract Tourists in Whiteout." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/axel-sveinsson-lighthouses-add-jobs-and.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2023. "Whiteout Admits Northern Landscapes Akin to Jón Stefánsson Paintings." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/whiteout-admits-northern-landscapes.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 11 April 2023. "Jóhann Jónsson Adds Autumn Flowers to Andköf, Anglicized as Whiteout." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/johann-jonsson-adds-autumn-flowers-to.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 4 April 2023. "A Baby Arrives Auspiciously in Whiteout, Anglicized From Andkör." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/a-baby-arrives-auspiciously-in-whiteout.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 28 March 2023. "A Northern Lighthouse Inadvertently Admits Adverse Traffic in Whiteout." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/a-northern-lighthouse-inadvertently.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 21 March 2023. "Rupture, Anglicized From Rof, Archives Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/rupture-anglicized-from-rof-archives.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 14 March 2023. "Coffees Appear Black or Milky, Poisoned or Sugary in Rupture." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/coffees-appear-black-or-milky-poisoned.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 7 March 2023. "Rupture, Anglicized From Rof, Acknowledges Ásgrímur Jónsson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/rupture-anglicized-from-rof.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2023. "Thorleifur Ragnar Jónasson Acquaints Us With Adverse Areas in Rupture." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/thorleifur-ragnar-jonasson-acquaints-us.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 21 February 2023. "Past Actions Affect Present Anxieties in Rupture, Anglicized From Rof." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/past-actions-affect-present-anxieties.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 14 February 2023. "Tunnels Accelerate Justice and Traffic in Rupture, Anglicized From Rof." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/tunnels-accelerate-justice-and-traffic.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 7 February 2023. "Icelandic Names and Words Are in Blackout, Anglicized From Myrknætti." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/icelandic-names-and-words-are-in.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 31 January 2023. "Biscuits, Burgers, Chips, Dried Fish Appeal to Police in Blackout." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/biscuits-burgers-chips-dried-fish.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 24 January 2023. "Thorleifur Ragnar Jónasson Accuratizes Volcanic Glaciers in Blackout." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/thorleifur-ragnar-jonasson-accuratizes.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 17 January 2023. "Jón Gudmundsson the Learned Accounts for Poetic Advice in Blackout." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/jon-gudmundsson-learned-accounts-for.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 10 January 2023. "Seven Are Taciturn About Death in Blackout, Anglicized From Myrknætti." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/seven-are-taciturn-about-death-in.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 3 January 2023. "Summerhouses Add to Crime Rates in Blackout, Anglicized From Myrknætti." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/summerhouses-add-to-crime-rates-in.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 27 December 2022. "Nattblinda, as Nightblind, Appends a Poem by Freysteinn Gunnarsson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/nattblinda-as-nightblind-appends-poem.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 20 December 2022. "Nattblinda, as Nightblind, Appends Spring Returns to the Valley." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/nattblinda-as-nightblind-appends-spring.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2022. "Nattblinda, Anglicized Nightblind, Archives Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/nattblinda-anglicized-nightblind.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 6 December 2022. "Náttblinda, Anglicized Nightblind, Admits Fresh Buns, Coffee and Pizza." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/nattblinda-anglicized-nightblind-admits.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 29 November 2022. "Thórbergur Thórdarson Assuages Anxiety in Nattblinda, as Nightblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/thorbergur-thordarson-assuages-anxiety.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 22 November 2022. "Thorsteinn Jónsson Advises All Are Astray in Nattblinda, as Nightblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/thorsteinn-jonsson-advises-all-are.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 15 November 2022. "Abandoned Areas Are Awful for New Hires in Nattblinda, as Nightblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/abandoned-areas-are-awful-for-new-hires.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 8 November 2022. "Active Tunnels Adjust to Awful Weather in Nattblinda, as Nightblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/active-tunnels-adjust-to-awful-weather.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 1 November 2022. "Snjóblinda, Anglicized Snowblind, Archives Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/snjoblinda-anglicized-snowblind.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 25 October 2022. "Indian Rice Affirms Area Affluence in Snjóblinda, Anglicized Snowblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/indian-rice-affirms-area-affluence-in.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2022. "Kjarval Adorns a Retired Diplomat’s Walls in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/kjarval-adorns-retired-diplomats-walls.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 11 October 2022. "Gunnlaugur Blöndal Art Assuages Sailors in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/gunnlaugur-blondal-art-assuages-sailors.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 4 October 2022. "House and Job for Two Years Are Alluring in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/house-and-job-for-two-years-are.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 27 September 2022. "Locals and Tourists Adore Fish and Theatre in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/locals-and-tourists-adore-fish-and.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 20 September 2022. "Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died, Archives Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/thorpid-as-girl-who-died-archives.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 13 September 2022. "Ham and Ptarmigan Are Christmas Meats in Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/ham-and-ptarmigan-are-christmas-meats.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 6 September 2022. "Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died, Acquaints Us With Davíd Stefánsson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/thorpid-as-girl-who-died-acquaints-us.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 30 August 2022. "Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died, Alludes to Thorsteinn Th. Thorsteinsson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/thorpid-as-girl-who-died-alludes-to.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 23 August 2022. "Five Deaths Affect 16 Lives in Thorpid, Anglicized The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/five-deaths-affect-16-lives-in-thorpid.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2022. "Ring Road Accesses Northeast Iceland for Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/ring-road-accesses-northeast-iceland.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 9 August 2022. "Outside, Anglicized From Úti, Appends Party of Two." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/outside-anglicized-from-uti-appends.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 2 August 2022. "Outside, Anglicized From Úti, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/outside-anglicized-from-uti-accumulates.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 26 July 2022. "Icelandic Rock Ptarmigans Avoid Blizzards and Hunters in Outside." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/icelandic-rock-ptarmigans-avoid.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 19 July 2022. "Veröld Accepted Icelandic Standalone Novel Úti, Anglicized Outside." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/verold-accepted-icelandic-standalone.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 12 July 2022. "Victoria Cribb Anglicizes Icelandic Standalone Novel Úti Into Outside." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/victoria-cribb-anglicizes-icelandic.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 5 July 2022. "Four Friends and One Enemy Are Indoors in Outside, Anglicized from Úti." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/four-friends-and-one-enemy-are-indoors.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 28 June 2022. "Adverse Weather Afflicts East Iceland in Outside, Anglicized From Úti." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/adverse-weather-afflicts-east-iceland.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 21 June 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized The Mist, Appends The Silence of the Falling Snow." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/mistur-anglicized-mist-appends-silence.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2022. "Mistur, as The Mist, Appends Christmas Apples by Katrín Guðjónsdóttir." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/mistur-as-mist-appends-christmas-apples.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2022. "Mistur, anglicized The Mist, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/mistur-anglicized-mist-accumulates.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2022. "Hulda Ate Icelandic Food Christmas Eve in Mistur, Anglicized The Mist." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/hulda-ate-icelandic-food-christmas-eve.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 24 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized The Mist, Acknowledges Halldór Laxness at Christmas." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/mistur-anglicized-mist-acknowledges.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 17 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized as The Mist, Acquaints Us With Olaf Olafsson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/mistur-anglicized-as-mist-acquaints-us.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 10 May 2022. "Accidental and Violent Deaths Aggrieve Mistur, Anglicized as The Mist." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/accidental-and-violent-deaths-aggrieve.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 3 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized as The Mist, Angles Ring Road Along Coastal Iceland." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/mistur-anglicized-as-mist-angles-ring.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 26 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized The Island, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-island-accumulates.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 19 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized The Island, Allows Icelandic Cuisine Takeout Pizza." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-island-allows.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized as The Island, Acquaints Us With Bessastadir." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-as-island-acquaints.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 5 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized as The Island, Asks What Einar Benediktsson Avers." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-as-island-asks-what.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 29 March 2022. "Seven Deaths Afflict One Detective in Drungi, Anglicized as The Island." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/seven-deaths-afflict-one-detective-in.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 22 March 2022. "Fjords and Isles Are Accessible in Drungi, Anglicized as The Island." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/fjords-and-isles-are-accessible-in.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 15 March 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized The Darkness, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/dimma-anglicized-darkness-accumulates.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 8 March 2022. "Icelandic Cuisine Americanizes Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/icelandic-cuisine-americanizes-dimma.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 1 March 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness, Accesses Bishop Jón Vídalín For Us." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/dimma-anglicized-as-darkness-accesses.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 22 February 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness, Acquaints Us With Tomás Gudmundsson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/dimma-anglicized-as-darkness-acquaints.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2022. "Not All Are Accounted For in Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/not-all-are-accounted-for-in-dimma.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 8 February 2022. "Driving and Walking Tours Acquit Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/driving-and-walking-tours-acquit-dimma.html
Melton, Zachary. 16 November 2022. "Supermarkets in Reykjavík and Around Iceland." What's On > Articles, Food & Drink in Iceland.
Available @ https://www.whatson.is/supermarkets-in-reykjavik-and-the-rest-of-iceland/
Missouri Botanical Garden. "Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl." Missouri Botanical Garden > Tropicos > Name Search > Name 23503083. Copyright 2022.
Available @ http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/23503083
Nilsson, Magnus. 2015. The Nordic Cookbook. London, England, UK: Phaidon Press Limited; and New York NY: Phaidon Press Inc.
"107. Jóhann Jónsson." Legstaðaleit > Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland > All Burials - Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland. Last modified 5 June 2021.
Available @ https://www.legstadaleit.com/tng/showmap.php?cemeteryID=204&tree=Tree2
"117. Jón þorsteinsson." Legstaðaleit > Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland > All Burials - Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland. Last modified 6 June 2021.
Available @ https://www.legstadaleit.com/tng/showmap.php?cemeteryID=204&tree=Tree2
"Our Distillery." Eimverk Distillery.
Available @ https://www.flokiwhisky.is/story
Page 17 Media LLC. "The Truth Behind Iceland's Most Secluded House." Spot Cool Stuff > Travel > Iceland.
Available @ http://travel.spotcoolstuff.com/iceland/secluded-architecture/ellidaey-island
Park, William. 27 February 2020. "The man who refused to freeze to death." BBC > BBC Future > Worst Case Scenario > Death. Copyrighted 2023 by BBC.
Available @ https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200226-how-to-survive-in-the-extreme-cold
Plassard, Freddie. "Lauréat 2014: Jean-Christophe Salaün." Page 130. In: Traduire 232/2015 Intraduisible? Vous voulez rire! OpenEdition Journals.
Available @ https://journals.openedition.org/traduire/710?lang=en
Private Tours Iceland. 27 July 2020. "How A Private Tour Iceland Can Reduce Your Stress Levels." Discover Iceland. Copyright 2023.
Available @ https://discover.is/how-a-private-tour-iceland-can-reduce-your-stress-levels/
"Quentin Bates." Orenda Books > Translators.
Available @ https://orendabooks.co.uk/translators/quentin-bates
"Ragnar Jonasson." Ragnar Jonasson.com > About the Author.
Available @ http://ragnar-jonasson.squarespace.com/new-page
Ruppenstein, Andrew. 12 July 2017. "Einar Benediktsson." The Historical Marker Database > Search.
Available @ https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=105383
Sigurðsson, Ólafur. January 2020. Niðjatal Björn G. Blöndals, læknis á Siglufirði og víðar, f. 19. sept. 1865, og Sigríðar Möller, f. 16. mars 1865.
Available @ https://www.olisig.is/aettfraedi/pdf_nidjatal/bjorn_g_blondal-nidjatal-2020.pdf
Tapalaga, Andrei. 18 January 2021. "The Story Behind a Lone House in the Middle of Elliðaey Island." History of Yesterday.
Available @ https://historyofyesterday.com/the-story-behind-a-lone-house-in-the-middle-of-elli%C3%B0aey-island-529309b9cc22
Tómas, Ragnar. 1 October 2021. "Nína Tryggvadóttir Museum Founded After Generous Donation." IcelandReview > News.
Available @ https://www.icelandreview.com/news/agreement-to-establish-the-nina-tryggvadottir-art-museum-signed/
Tómas, Ragnar. 5 November 2019. "The Art of Eating Ice-Cream in Iceland in Winter'" What's On > Things to do in Iceland > Food & Drink in Iceland.
Available @ https://www.whatson.is/the-art-of-eating-ice-cream-in-iceland-in-winter/
"209. Steinunn Kristjánsdóttir." Legstaðaleit > Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland > All Burials - Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland. Last modified 12 June 2021.
Available @ https://www.legstadaleit.com/tng/showmap.php?cemeteryID=204&tree=Tree2
"ValR." Nordic Names.
Available @ https://www.nordicnames.de/wiki/ValR
"Victoria Cribb." WordsWithoutBorders > Contributors.
Available @ https://wordswithoutborders.org/contributors/view/victoria-cribb/
"Viðey." Nordic Names.
Available @ https://www.nordicnames.de/wiki/Vi%C3%B0ey
Wikipedia contributors. 23 February 2021. "Einar Benediktsson." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Available @ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einar_Benediktsson
Wunderman, Ali. 11 October 2019. "The Interesting Story Behind Iceland's Unusual Spirits." Liquor > Spirits > Spirits & Liqueurs > More Spirits.
Available @ https://www.liquor.com/articles/iceland-opal-topas/
Zoëga, Geir T. 1910. A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic. Reprinted 1926, 1942, 1952, 1961, 1965, 1967. Oxford at the Clarendon Press. London, England, UK: Oxford University Press.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar001857/page/n5/mode/2up