Met Opera Soprano Queena Mario Wrote Three Opera-Themed Mystery Novels

Summary: Met Opera soprano Queena Mario wrote three opera-themed mystery novels: Murder in the Opera House, Murder Meets Mephisto and Death Drops Delilah.

Met Opera soprano Queena Mario penned three opera-themed mysteries (Murder in the Opera House, 1934; Murder Meets Mephisto, 1942; Death Drops Delilah, 1944), with the first published while she was still singing with Met Opera: The Woodlawn Cemetery & Conservancy @WoodlawnCemNY, via Twitter March 26, 2020

Met Opera soprano Queena Mario wrote three opera-themed mystery novels: Murder in the Opera House (1934), Murder Meets Mephisto (1942) and Death Drops Delilah (1944).

Queena Mario, stage name of Queena Marian Tillotson (Aug. 21, 1896-May 28, 1951), made her Met Opera debut Thursday, Nov. 30, 1922, as Micaela in the opera house's 277th performance of Carmen by French Romantic Era composer Georges Bizet (Oct. 25, 1838-June 3, 1875). She stayed with the opera house for 17 seasons, from 1922-1923 through 1938-1939. She sang Gretel as her last Met Opera performance, on Monday, Dec. 26, 1938, in the opera house's 140th performance of Hänsel und Gretel by German composer Engelbert Humperdinck (Sept. 1, 1854-Sept. 27, 1921).

Queena Mario penned her first opera-themed mystery novel while she was still singing with the Metropolitan Opera. Murder in the Opera House was published by E.P. Dutton on Jan. 1, 1934, during her 12th season at the opera house. Queena Mario wove the plot of Murder in the Opera House around Pagliacci by Italian opera composer and librettist Ruggero Leoncavallo (April 23, 1857-Aug. 9, 1919). The book's murder victim, opera singer Consuelo Elvado, plays Nedda and her doomed play-within-a-play character of Colombina. But Consuelo cannot take her curtain call, for, while the stabbing of Nedda as Colombina is theatrical, her brutal killing is real.

Queena Mario had added Nedda to her Met Opera portfolio on Friday, March 9, 1923, in Met Opera's 225th performance of Pagliacci. She appeared as Nedda in 11 seasons (1923-1924 through 1927-1928, 1929-1930, 1931-1932, 1933-1934 through 1936-1937) for a total of 27 performances as Met Opera's Nedda. Her 27th and last Met Opera Nedda took place Monday, Feb. 22, 1937, in the opera's 335th Met Opera performance.

Murder in the Opera House's publication release on Monday, Jan. 1, 1934, occurred during the Metropolitan Opera's 1933-1934 season. In that season, Queena Mario sang Nedda in two (Friday, Feb. 2, 1934 {317}; Saturday, March 10, 1934 {319}) of the season's six Pagliacci performances.

Queena Mario published her second opera-themed mystery three years six days after her last Met Opera performance, on Monday, Dec. 26, 1935. Queena Mario's publisher, E.P. Dutton, released Murder Meets Mephisto, on Thursday, Jan. 1, 1942. Murder Meets Mephisto is associated with Faust by 19th-century French composer Charles-François Gounod (June 17, 1818-Oct. 18, 1893).

On Thursday, Dec. 27, 1923, in Met Opera's 335th performance of Gounod's Faust, Queena Mario had added Marguerite to her Met Opera portfolio. She sang Marguerite in eight seasons, for a total of 19 performances. Her 19th and last Met Opera Marguerite happened Thursday, Dec. 22, 1932, in the opera's 392nd Met Opera performance.

Two years after Murder Meets Mephisto, Queena Mario published her third and last opera-themed mystery novel. E.P. Dutton released Death Drops Delilah on Saturday, Jan. 1, 1944. Death Drops Delilah finds operatic inspiration from Samson et Dalila by French Romantic Era composer Camille Saint-Saëns (Oct. 9, 1835-Dec. 16, 1921). Interestingly, Queena Mario's last opera-themed mystery novel concerned an opera that did not appear in her Met Opera portfolio.

The dust jacket for Queena Mario's first opera-themed mystery novel, Murder in the Opera House, sought to dispel readers' doubts as to the operatic soprano's writing experience. From the age of 16, she had paid for her musical education by writing for newspapers. Her columns on "Looking on the Sunny Side" and "Chats With Mothers" were syndicated by New York newspapers, such as The Globe (Feb. 1, 1904-June 2, 1923) and The Telegram (Sept. 21, 1867-April 24, 1966).

In fact, eight and three-quarters years before publication of Murder in the Opera House, Queena Mario had referenced her writing credentials in a Tuesday, March 24, 1925, interview with Akron Beacon Journal columnist Josephine Van De Grift (Helen Josephine Vandegrift Rigby; Jan. 7, 1895-Aug. 21, 1927). She was able to tackle advice columns because of all the knowledge and "theories" in her 16-year-old mind.

The takeaways for Met Opera soprano Queena Mario's pastime of writing three opera-themed mystery novels are that she released them over 10 years, with Murder in the Opera House in 1934, Murder Meets Mephisto in 1942 and Death Drops Delilah in 1944; that the associated operas were Leoncavallo's Pagliacci, Gounod's Faust and Saint-Saëns' Samson et Dalila, respectively; and that she penned the first installment, Murder in the Opera House, while she was still singing with the Metropolitan Opera.

Queena Mario wove her operatic expertise into her three mysteries, associating Murder in the Opera House with Leoncavallo's Pagliacci; Murder Meets Mephisto with Gounod's Faust; and Death Drops Delilah with Saint-Saëns' Samson et Dalila: Steven Sheil @SSheil, via Twitter Nov. 29, 2019

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Met Opera soprano Queena Mario penned three opera-themed mysteries (Murder in the Opera House, 1934; Murder Meets Mephisto, 1942; Death Drops Delilah, 1944), with the first published while she was still singing with Met Opera: The Woodlawn Cemetery & Conservancy @WoodlawnCemNY, via Twitter March 26, 2020, @ https://twitter.com/hashtag/WoodlawnConnection?src=hashtag_click

Queena Mario wove her operatic expertise into her three mysteries, associating Murder in the Opera House with Leoncavallo's Pagliacci; Murder Meets Mephisto with Gounod's Faust; and Death Drops Delilah with Saint-Saëns' Samson et Dalila: Steven Sheil @SSheil, via Twitter Nov. 29, 2019, @ https://twitter.com/SSheil/status/1200552145432514560

For further information:

Carter, John. "Helen Josephine Vandegrift Rigby." Find a Grave > Find a Grave Memorial 53679156. June 14, 2010.
Available @ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/53679156/helen-josephine-rigby

"Debut: Queena Mario." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 82200 Carmen {277} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/30/1922.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=82200

Hufford, Bob. "Queena Mario." Find a Grave > Find a Grave Memorial 70647464. May 31, 2011.
Available @ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/70647464/queena-mario

Keegel, Oliver. "Queena Mario, Mario, Mario!" Opera Gazet. Aug. 22, 2020.
Available @ https://operagazet.com/operanieuws/queena-mario-mario-mario/

Mario, Queena. Death Drops Delilah. New York NY: E.P. Dutton, Jan. 1, 1944.

Mario, Queena. Murder in the Opera House. New York NY: E.P. Dutton, Jan. 1, 1934.

Mario, Queena. Murder Meets Mephisto. New York NY: E.P. Dutton, Jan. 1, 1942.

Marriner, Derdriu. "Anima Allegra's 10th, Last Met Opera Performance Was March 28, 1924." Earth and Space News. Monday, May 3, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/anima-allegras-10th-last-met-opera.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Queena Mario Sang Her 10th and Last Met Opera Juliette on Feb. 3, 1933." Earth and Space News. Monday, May 10, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/queena-mario-sang-her-10th-and-last-met.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Queena Mario Sang Gretel in Met Opera's First Broadcast, Dec. 25, 1931." Earth and Space News. Monday, May 24, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/queena-mario-sang-gretel-in-met-operas.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Queena Mario Sang Her 43rd and Last Met Opera Gretel on Dec. 26, 1938." Earth and Space News. Monday, May 17, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/queena-mario-sang-her-43rd-and-last-met.html

"Murder in the Opera House." Facsimile Dust Jackets LLC.
Available @ https://www.dustjackets.com/pages/books/2237/queena-mario/murder-in-the-opera-house

Norris, J.F. "Moonlighters: Queena Mario, A Diva Kills (on Paper)." Pretty Sinister Books. March 9, 2020.
Available @ https://prettysinister.blogspot.com/2020/03/moonlighters-queena-mario-diva-kills-on.html

The Sembrich @The_Sembrich. "Our collection contains a number of gifts given to Madame Sembrich. This incense holder was a gift from her student Queena Mario, who taught alongside her teacher at the @JuilliardSchool and the @CurtisInstitute. Camera: Sembrich and Mario at Bay View, ca 1922. #History #TheSembrich." Twitter. Nov. 5, 2020.
Available @ https://twitter.com/The_Sembrich/status/1324398625452138497

The Sembrich @The_Sembrich. "Queena Mario, soprano and student of Mme. Sembrich, taught @CurtisInstitute students and sang on the @MetOpera stage over 300 times! #TheSembrich #LakeGeorge #BoltonLanding #GlensFalls #Saratoga #AlbanyNY #Adirondacks #LakePlacid #UpstateNY #ClassicalMusic #opera #music #culture." Twitter. Dec. 19, 2018.
Available @ https://twitter.com/The_Sembrich/status/1075347553732972544

Steven Sheil @SSheil. "Favourite cover of today, Murder Meets Mephisto by Queena Mario (1896 – 1951), who combined a career as a soprano opera singer with a sideline in writing opera-related murder mysteries." Twitter. Nov. 29, 2019.
Available @ https://twitter.com/SSheil/status/1200552145432514560

Van De Grift, Josephine. "Famous Opera Singer Born in Akron Will Sing at Armory." The Akron Beacon Journal. Tuesday, March 24, 1925.
Available @ https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14992983/queena-mario-of-akron-1925a/

The Woodlawn Cemetery & Conservancy @WoodlawnCemNY. "A renowned opera singer, #WoodlawnConnection Queena Mario made her debut at the Met in 1922. She became one of the nation’s premier voice teachers and a successful author of mystery fiction. In her books, like 'Murder Meets Mephisto,' her characters were opera performers." Twitter. March 26, 2020.
Available @ https://twitter.com/hashtag/WoodlawnConnection?src=hashtag_click

Structural Pruning Adds No Branch Union Strength to Callery Pear

Summary: Structural pruning adds no branch union strength to Callery pear, according to an article in the May 2021 issue of Arboriculture & Urban Forestry.

Callery pear trees appeal to owners and passersby because of their year-round interest, with their most famous attractiveness white flowers in early spring. They have a downside in that their straight, vertical limbs suffer from embedded, included bark and therefore from severe breakage during such extreme loading events as inclement natural events and, as the world witnessed in 2001, unfriendly human takeovers; night silhouette of Callery pear tree during freezing rain, Franklin Farm Village Shopping Center, Franklin Farm section of Oak Hill, Fairfax County, Northern Virginia; Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2016, 02:05: Famartin, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Structural pruning adds no branch union strength to Callery pear, according to an article, in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry May 2021, by one New Jersey-, one West Virginia- and two Ohio-based co-authors.

The article Structural Pruning in Callery Pear Does Not Change Apparent Branch Union Strength in Seventh Year Static Load Field Testing broaches urban environment-tolerant Callery pear. The Bradford cultivar (Pyrus calleryanna Decne. ‘Bradford’) cheers early spring with white flowers and configures ice-, snow-, wind-sensitive embedded, included bark and long, taperless, vertical limbs. Branch union strength decreases for codominant, forked branches descriptive of Callery pear cultivars, developing from the same branch junction and displaying bark-included divisions and near-same diameters.

Aspect ratio of branch or stem size to parent or trunk size, not branch attachment angle, exposes branch attachment strength just beyond branch-trunk and codominant-branch unions.

Branch attachment strength favors one branch or codominant stem figuring two-thirds-plus smaller in diameter than its parent branch or tree trunk or than another codominant stem.

Moisture content gauges branch attachment and union inversely in greater wood stiffness and strength respectively at or below fiber saturation point (35 percent) and lesser beyond. Structural pruning heaves and hones branches and stems to help attachment strength, growth rate, orientation, shape and size and to harvest lasting branch and trunk arrangements. It involves establishing each tree's dominant leader and removing broken, dead, dying, trunk-choking branches and lower branches from the tree base 4.5 feet (1.4 meters) upward.

No such natural occurrences as high winds and ice storms and no pests apart fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) jeopardized branch union strength or structural pruning schedules.

Dry mass (oven-dryed at 214 degrees Fahrenheit [101 degrees Celsius]) from 1- to 4-inch [2.5- to 10.2-centimeter]) wet-mass cross-sections, over dry mass kindled calculated moisture content.

The seven-year research in central, northern and southern Ohio lodged 1- to 3-foot- (2.5- to 7.6-centimeter-) long trunks, each with one branch attachment, to breaking devices. Pruned- and unpruned-tree diameters at 1.37-meter (4.5-foot) breast heights (DBH) manifested, in 2012, 2-centimeter (0.79-inch) and, in 2018, respectively 11.2- and 11.7-centimeter (4.41- and 4.61-inch) growth. Forty-nine unpruned Callery pear Redspire cultivars netted, in 2012 and 2018, 281.9-centimeter (110.98-inch) and 678-centimeter (266.93-inch) height increases and 102.3-centimeter (40.28-inch) and 368-centimeter (144.88-inch) width increases.

Forty-five trees on structural pruning schedules observed, in 2012 and 2018, 280.4-centimeter (113.54-inch) and 678-centimeter (266.93-inch) height increases and 92.1-centimeter (36.26-inch) and 334-centimeter (131.49-inch) width increases.

The Redspire cultivar of Callery pear presented pruned trees statistically petiter in diameters at breast height and in width but not statistically different in breaking strength.

Apparent breakage strength and aspect ratio, like branch strength and pruning versus non-pruning schedules and canopy positions of branch unions, quartered neither apparent nor significant relationships. Material properties remain constant once moisture content rises above 50 percent and unrelated to aspect ratio and breakage stress, branch departure angle and branch raw size. The seven-year study showed branch samples sheltering higher moisture content than trunk samples in 43 of 52 surveys and storing equal-sized water stocks in another five.

Co-authors Gregory Dahle, Jason Grabosky, Richard G. Rathjens and T. Davis Sydnor term structural pruning among things not triggering apparent branch union strength in Redspire cultivars.

A Callery pear (Pyrus calleryanna) tree managed to survive during the Sept. 11, 2001, attack on the World Trade Center and in the post-attack rubble thereafter. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation employees nursed the tree back to health despite the woody plant suffering broken, burned branches and snapped roots. The recovered, rehabilitated tree, with its moniker The Survivor Tree and with its post-2001, smooth limbs stretching outward from gnarled stumps, welcomes locals and visitors to the Ground Zero memorial site since 2010; Sunday, Jan. 12, 2012, night photo of The Survivor Tree: Shannon Wagner (Qwirty), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Callery pear trees appeal to owners and passersby because of their year-round interest, with their most famous attractiveness white flowers in early spring. They have a downside in that their straight, vertical limbs suffer from embedded, included bark and therefore from severe breakage during such extreme loading events as inclement natural events and, as the world witnessed in 2001, unfriendly human takeovers; night silhouette of Callery pear tree during freezing rain, Franklin Farm Village Shopping Center, Franklin Farm section of Oak Hill, Fairfax County, Northern Virginia; Tuesday, Feb. 16, 2016, 02:05: Famartin, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2016-02-16_02_05_01_Freezing_rain_on_a_Callery_Pear_at_night_at_the_Franklin_Farm_Village_Shopping_Center_in_the_Franklin_Farm_section_of_Oak_Hill,_Fairfax_County,_Virginia.jpg

A Callery pear (Pyrus calleryanna) tree managed to survive during the Sept. 11, 2001, attack on the World Trade Center and in the post-attack rubble thereafter. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation employees nursed the tree back to health despite the woody plant suffering broken, burned branches and snapped roots. The recovered, rehabilitated tree, with its moniker The Survivor Tree and with its post-2001, smooth limbs stretching outward from gnarled stumps, welcomes locals and visitors to the Ground Zero memorial site since 2010; Sunday, Jan. 12, 2012, night photo of The Survivor Tree: Shannon Wagner (Qwirty), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Survivor_Tree_at_the_National_September_11_Memorial.jpg

For further information:

Gilman, Ed. 2011. An Illustrated Guide to Pruning. Third Edition. Boston MA: Cengage.

Hayes, Ed. 2001. Evaluating Tree Defects. Revised, Special Edition. Rochester MN: Safe Trees.

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/nursery-production-systems-tough-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2018. "Induced-Resistance Agents, Silicon Fertilizers, Synthetic Fungicides." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/induced-resistance-agents-silicon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 August 2018. "Nursery Production Systems for Successful Urban Tree Plantings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2018. "Wood Decay Fungi Management of Terminal Urban Pathogens." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2018. "Downtown Commercial Streetscape Tree Populations in Toronto, Canada." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2017. “Tree Inventories: Preemptive and Proactive or Piecemeal and Reactive.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/12/tree-inventories-preemptive-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 November 2017. “Chlorantraniliprole Reduced-Risk Insecticides Get Leaf-Eaters Not Bees.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/11/chlorantraniliprole-reduced-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 October 2017. “Palm Plant Health Care: Abiotic, Biotic Stress Culture and Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/10/palm-plant-health-care-abiotic-biotic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2017. “Predawn Leaf Water Potentials Indicate Crown Dieback and Water Status.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/09/predawn-leaf-water-potentials-indicate.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2017. “Palm Tree Identification and Pruning of Native and Naturalizable Palms.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/08/palm-tree-identification-and-pruning-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2017. “Commonly Planted, Potentially Phytoremediating Street Tree Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/07/commonly-planted-potentially.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 June 2017. “Root Loss From Root Pruning and Root Shaving of Stem-Girdling Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/06/root-loss-from-root-pruning-and-root.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2017. “Age and Canopy Area Cost Less and Tell More in Urban Tree Inventories.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/05/age-and-canopy-area-cost-less-and-tell.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 April 2017. “Urban Root Management: Big Infrastructure, Small Space, Stressed Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/04/urban-root-management-big.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2017. “Flexural Elasticity Modulus: Trees and Watersprouts Bend or Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/03/flexural-elasticity-modulus-trees-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2017. “Plant Health Care Diagnostics When Plants and Places Wrong One Another.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/02/plant-health-care-diagnostics-when.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2017. “Tree Fertilization for Fine Root Growth and Whole Root System Effects.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/01/tree-fertilization-for-fine-root-growth.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2016. “Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Low Maintenance Tree Health Care Programs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/abiotic-and-biotic-stress-in-low.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2016. “Organic Amendments to Compacted Degraded Urban Highway Roadsides.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/organic-amendments-to-compacted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2016. “Tree Protection Zones by Arborists for All Construction Project Phases.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/tree-protection-zones-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2016. “Stormwater Runoff Landscaping With Urban Canopy Cover and Groundcover.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/09/stormwater-runoff-landscaping-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2016. “Changing Places: Tree Nutrient Movement Down, Tree Water Movement Up.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/08/changing-places-tree-nutrient-movement.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2016. “Treated or Untreated Oriental Bittersweet Vine Management Cut-Stumping.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/07/treated-or-untreated-oriental.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2016. “Tree Injection Site Procedures: Manufacturer's Instructions and Labels.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/06/tree-injection-site-procedures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 May 2016. “Electrical Utility Area Temperate Urban Street Trees: Pruned Regrowth.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/electrical-utility-area-temperate-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2016. “Tree Injection Methods: Treatment Option in Integrated Pest Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/04/tree-injection-methods-treatment-option.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2016. “Bare-Rooted Ornamental Urban Transplants: Amendments Against Mortality.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/bare-rooted-ornamental-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2016. “Bark Protective Survival Mechanisms Foil Deprivation, Injury, Invasion.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/bark-protective-survival-mechanisms.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2016. "LITA Model: Linear Index of Tree Appraisal of Large Urban Swedish Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/01/lita-model-linear-index-of-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems: Site, Soil, Species True Designs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/12/tree-lightning-protection-systems-site.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 October 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems Tailored to Sites, Soils, Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/10/tree-lightning-protection-systems.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 August 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Amend, Fertilize, Mulch, Till!” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/08/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 June 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Assemble, Assess, Assist, Astound.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/06/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2015. “Tree Wound Responses: Healthy Wound Closures by Callus and Woundwood.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/tree-wound-responses-healthy-wound.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2015. “Urban Forest Maintenance and Non-Maintenance Costs and Benefits.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/urban-forest-maintenance-and-non.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2014. “Tree Dwelling Symbionts: Dodder, Lichen, Mistletoe, Moss and Woe-Vine.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/tree-dwelling-symbionts-dodder-lichen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2014. “Tree Cable Installation Systems Lessen Target Impact From Tree Failure.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/tree-cable-installation-systems-lessen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2014. “Flood Tolerant Trees in Worst-Case Floodplain and Urbanized Scenarios.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/flood-tolerant-trees-in-worst-case.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2014. “Integrated Vegetation Management of Plants in Utility Rights-of-Way.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/06/integrated-vegetation-management-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2014. “Tree Twig Identification: Buds, Bundle Scars, Leaf Drops, Leaf Scars.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/tree-twig-identification-buds-bundle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2014. “Tree Twig Anatomy: Ecosystem Stress, Growth Rates, Winter Identification.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/tree-twig-anatomy-ecosystem-stress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2013. “Community and Tree Safety Awareness During Line- and Road-Clearances.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/community-and-tree-safety-awareness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2013. “Chain-Saw Gear and Tree Work Related Personal Protective Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/chain-saw-gear-and-tree-work-related.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2013. “Storm Damaged Tree Clearances: Matched Teamwork of People to Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/storm-damaged-tree-clearances-matched.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Damage Assessments: Pre-Storm Planned Preparedness.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/storm-induced-tree-damage-assessments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html

Rathjens, Richard G.; T. Davis Sydnor; Jason Grabosky; and Gregory Dahle. May 2021. "Structural Pruning in Callery Pear Does Not Change Apparent Branch Union Strength in Seventh Year Static Load Field Testing." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 47(3): 123-130.

"The Survivor Tree." National September 11 Memorial & Musem > Visit > The Memorial. Copyrighted 2021.
Available @ https://www.911memorial.org/visit/memorial/survivor-tree

Indian Jungle Crows Abided Amply at Sanchi, Anciently Named Kakanava

Summary: Indian jungle crows abided amply at Sanchi, anciently named Kakanava for all its auspiciously cawing crows, in Madhya Pradesh, central India.

communally bathing house crows (Corvus splendens); Kolkata, West Bengal, India; 2007: J.M. Garg, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Indian jungle crows abided amply at Sanchi Hill, anciently answering to the name Kakanava for all the area’s abundant, auspiciously cawing crows, in central Raisen District, central Madhya Pradesh state, central India.

Bustling Indian jungle crows brought about the village name Kakanava until the beginning building of Buddhist monuments on subsequent Sanchi Hill by the third century BCE. Craftsmen constructing Buddhist (from Sanskrit बुद्ध, “awakened”) monument for sangha (from Sanskrit संघ, “multitude”) communities coalescing around Devi (from Sanskrit देवी, “goddess”) caused the changed name. Buddhism developing centrally, northward, southward 2,300 years ago derived from Mauryan (from Sanskrit मोर, “peacock [clan emblem]”) Emperor Ashoka’s (from Sanskrit अशोक, “sorrow-free”) devout Buddhist wife.

Buddhism expanding throughout the entire subcontinent during that third Mauryan emperorship (268 BCE?-232 BCE?) everywhere encountered Indian house (Corvus splendens) and Indian jungle (Corvus culminatus) crows.

The Corvidae (from Latin corvus, “raven” and Greek -ειδής, “-like”) chough, crow, jackdaw, magpie, nutcracker, raven, rook, treepie family member furnishes two three- to five-egg clutches.

Two seasonal, successive blue-green-white-egg clutches gestate inside physically and sexually mature females for 17 to 19 days and then get incubated outside in great, twig-gathered nests. They harvest such fine-fibered materials as coir (from Malayalam കയറ്, coconut husk fiber) to line their platform nests during yearly mating-season months, from March through May. They biannually incubate seasonal clutches for 17- to 19-day intervals and instruct each set of three to five hatched chicks for another 17 to 19 days.

Indian jungle crows, judged taxonomically by Colonel William Sykes (Jan. 25, 1790-June 16, 1872), journey from dependent, non-flying stages to fledgling stages as 34- to 38-day-olds.

Moraceae (from Latin mōrum, “mulberry fruit,” from Greek μορέα, “mulberry tree” and Latin -āceae, “-like”) family tree-anchored nests keep fledged chicks another 17 to 19 days.

The Passeriformes (from Latin passer, “sparrow” and -formis, “shaped”) order member likes Moraceae family tree fruits and tree-nesting and Pinaceae (from Latin pīnus, “pine”) family tree-nesting. Meals made by flocking foragers, marauders mobbing monkey and vulture nests, monogamous mates or singles mix air- and ground-mobilized, dead and live, hunted and stolen prey. Six-year life cycles necessitate bird eggs, nestlings; domesticated chickens; fig and mulberry fruits and seeds; insect pests such as tree-defoliating caterpillars; and monkey- and vulture-nest food.

Indian jungle crows, organized taxonomically as Corvus culminatus (from Latin corvus, “raven” and culmināre, “to crown”), obtain non-arching culmens (upper-mandible jaw ridge, from Latin culmen, “peak”).

Dagger-like, fine-tipped, long bills plop, and pull out when softened, hardened edibles into shallow water and pull in sand particles for properly digested, eliminated carcass meat.

Black bills; black, domed heads; black, purple-glossed bodies, variably glossy; black, rounded tails; and black, stout feet and legs qualify as Indian jungle crows’ quintessential qualities. The same-colored, shaped and sized adults otherwise reveal Indian house crow-like 15.48- to 17.32-inch (40- to 44-centimeter) lengths and 8.64- to 13.09-ounce (245- to 371-gram) weights. Their croaking, deep, hoarse, loud caaa-caaa-caaa, cau-cau and drumming-woodpecker-like calls sound throughout cultivated, scrubby, wooded sea-level through 6,889.76-foot (2,100-meter) altitudes with annual average 2.36-plus-inch (60-plus-millimeter) rainfall.

Sanchi as Kakanava tempted Indian jungle crows with average monthly temperatures above 60 degrees Fahrenheit (15.56 degrees Celsius) at 1,423.88- to 1,722.44-foot (434- to 525-meter) altitudes.

Sanchi's artwork included depictions of actual and legendary birds; legendary griffin (part-eagle, part-lion) at Sanchi Stupa No. 2; Sanchi Hill, Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh, central India; 1999: ArnoldBetten, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

communally bathing house crows (Corvus splendens); Kolkata, West Bengal, India; 2007: J.M. Garg, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:House_Crows_(Corvus_splendens)_bathing_in_Kolkata_I_IMG_4324.jpg

Sanchi's artwork included depictions of actual and legendary birds; legendary griffin (part-eagle, part-lion) at Sanchi Stupa No. 2; Sanchi Hill, Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh, central India; 1999: ArnoldBetten, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sanchi_Stupa_Nr._2_Chimäre_(1999).JPG

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