Grey-Crowned Squirrel Monkey Natural History Illustrations

Summary: Grey-crowned squirrel monkey natural history illustrations depict Central American squirrel monkeys of delightful behavior and look in desirable habitats.

Critically endangered grey-crowned squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedii citrinellus) claim endemic homelands in Manuel Antonio National Park on Costa Rica's central Pacific coast; Quepos, gateway to the park; Thursday, May 29, 2014, 00:39: M M from Switzerland (Padmanaba01), CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons

Grey-crowned squirrel monkey natural history illustrations attest to adult colors that assist in analyzing the second of the two enchanting, endangered, elusive subspecies of red-backed Central American squirrel monkeys in Costa Rica.

Black-capped and grey-crowned Central American squirrel monkeys bear gothic-arched, white-furred masks bordered by black-brown or gray-brown chins, crests and mouths and v-indented between big, dark eyes. A population survey in 2006 calculated 3,500 black-capped Central American squirrel monkeys in Costa Rica and Panama and grey-crowned Central American squirrel monkeys in Costa Rica. The International Union for Conservation of Nature declared black-capped and grey-crowned Central American squirrel monkeys respectively endangered and critically endangered by deforested, degraded, diminished distribution ranges.

Costa Rica's grey-crowned Central American squirrel monkey populations exist in Cerro de Turrubares Protection Zone and Manuel Antonio National Park and perhaps in Carara Biological Reserve.

Grey-crowned Central American squirrel monkey natural history illustrations furnish distribution ranges, food chains, life cycles and physical appearances for fragmented populations faltering from agroindustry and collection.

Agroindustrialists gather gray-browned Central American scientific monkey habitats up to 1,640.42-foot (500-meter) altitudes above sea level for African oil palm and rice plantations, logging and ranching. Collectors herd black-capped and grey-crowned Central American squirrel monkey populations from Costa Rica's tropical forests for aerospace research, pet trade businesses, scientific laboratories and zoological parks. Their imports no longer inhabit grey-crowned Central American squirrel monkey habitat-friendly evergreen primary, floodplain, humid lowland, lowland scrub, mangrove, mature upland, river-edge and secondary-growth tropical forests.

Grey-crowned squirrel monkey illustrations sometimes juggle monkey-friendly bark, bats, buds, caterpillars, flowers, fruits, grasshoppers, leaves, lizards, nectar, spiders and tree frogs that agroindustry and collection jeopardize.

Agroindustrialists and collectors know the mono tití ("capuchon [family-like] monkey") scientifically as Saimiri oerstedii citrinellus (Anders Sandøe Ørsted's [Dec. 21, 1778-May 1, 1860] lemon-yellow, small monkey).

The scientific name lists the subspecies as lemon-yellow from the pale-limbed specimen looked at in 1904 by Michael Rogers Oldfield Thomas (Feb. 21, 1858-June 16, 1929). Foraging for berry-like, not citrus-like, fruits under 0.39 inch (1 centimeter) in diameter and invertebrates respectively make up 11 percent and 50-plus percent of daily movements. Eighty-nine percent of their original homelands no longer nurture grey-crowned Central American squirrel monkeys even though sustainability necessitates 1.55- to 2.61-mile (2.5- to 4.2-kilometer) forages daily.

Grey-crowned squirrel monkey natural history illustrations sometimes observe in annotations August-October breeding season months and February-April birthing season months that offer sexually mature females one birth every 12-24 months.

Adult females and males respectively possess lower- and upper-ranged 10.47- to 11.46-inch (26.6- to 29.1-centimeter) and 14.25- to 15.32-inch (36.2- to 38.9-centimeter) head-body and tail lengths.

Twelve- to 14-month-old females and four- to six-year-old males respectively queue up 24.52-ounce (695-gram) and 29.24-ounce (829-gram) averages from 21.16- to 33.51-ounce (600- to 950-gram) weights. Physically and sexually mature females relocate to 20- to 100-member, mixed-age, mixed-gender non-birth territorial groups even though males remain in mixed-age, mixed-gender, similar-sized birth territorial groups. Alarm-peeping, chucking, twittering, whistling black-capped and grey-crowned Central American squirrel monkeys stay cooperatively, non-competitively together away from predatory coatis, opossums, snakes, spider monkeys, taupirs and toucans.

Grey-crowned Central American squirrel monkey natural history illustrations treat as travelling companions double-toothed kites, grey-headed tanagers, mantled howler monkeys, motmots, red-tailed and variegated squirrels, tawny-winged woodcreepers and trogons.

Subspecies name for grey-crowned squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedii citrinellus) recognizes pale yellow limb coloration: Monkey Tuesday @Monkey_Tuesday, via Twitter Sep. 30, 2012

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Critically endangered grey-crowned squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedii citrinellus) claim endemic homelands in Manuel Antonio National Park on Costa Rica's central Pacific coast; Quepos, gateway to the park; Thursday, May 29, 2014, 00:39: M M from Switzerland (Padmanaba01), CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Quepos,_Costa_Rica_(14115806920).jpg; M M (Padmanaba01), CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/43423301@N07/14115806920/

Subspecies name for grey-crowned squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedii citrinellus) recognizes pale yellow limb coloration: Monkey Tuesday @Monkey_Tuesday, via Twitter Sep. 30, 2012, @ https://twitter.com/Monkey_Tuesday/status/252657208528076800

For further information:

Gold, Kenneth C. "Red-Backed Squirrel Monkey." In: Michael Hutchins, Devra G. Kleiman, Valerius Geist and Melissa C. McDade, eds.. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Second edition. Volume 14, Mammals III: 108-109. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, 2003.

Monkey Tuesday ‏@Monkey_Tuesday. 30 September 2012. "#MonkeyOfTheWeek pic: a grey-crowned red-backed squirrel monkey relaxing in a tree. Photo: Adrian Hepworth /nhpa.co.uk." Twitter.
Available @ https://twitter.com/Monkey_Tuesday/status/252657208528076800

Thomas, Oldfield. “New Forms of Saimiri, Saccopteryx, Balantiopteryx, and Thrichomys From the Neotropical Region: Saimiri Oerstedi citrinellus, subsp. n.” The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology vol. XIII (seventh series), no. LXXVI: 250-251. London, England: Taylor and Francis, 1904.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16108336

Wong, G.; A.D. Cuarón; E. Rodriguez-Luna; & P.C. de Grammont. "Saimiri oerstedii." The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T19836A9022609. doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T19836A9022609.en.
Available @ http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/19836/0