Summary: Tolstoj Quadrangle is the eighth of 15 quadrangles of the Mercurian surface and covers equatorial and low latitudes longitudinally from 144 to 216 degrees.
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| Geologic Map of the Tolstoj Quadrangle of Mercury shows area of equatorial region imaged by Mariner 10 spacecraft's three flybys (March 29, 1974; Sept. 21, 1974; March 16, 1975), with coverage of eastern two-thirds and notation of "area in darkness" for 190 to 216 degrees west longitude; Geologic Map of the Tolstoj Quadrangle of Mercury (1990) by Gerald G. Schaber and John F. McCauley, prepared on behalf of the Planetary Geology Program, Planetary Division, Office of Space Science, National Aeronautics and Space Administration: via USGS Astrogeology Science Center's Astropedia Web Portal |
Tolstoj Quadrangle is the eighth of 15 quadrangles of the Mercurian surface, and its map covers the Swift Planet's equatorial and low latitudes of 22 degrees south to 22 degrees north latitude, from 144 degrees to 216 degrees west longitude.
As the eighth of Mercury's 15 quadrangles, Tolstoj Quadrangle has the letter-number designation of H-8 or H08. H references Hermes, Greek mythology's equivalent of Roman mythology's Mercurius.
Tolstoj Quadrangle's provisional name, Phaëthontias, designates a bright patch on Mercury's surface. Greek French astronomer Eugène Michel Antoniadi (March 1, 1870-Feb. 10, 1944) placed Phaëthontias in the southern low latitudes on the map of Mercury's albedo features in his guide, La Planète Mercure, published in 1934 and translated into English by English amateur astronomer Sir Patrick Moore (March 4, 1923-Dec. 9, 2012) in 1974 (figure 5, page 26). Phaëthontias references Phaethon (Ancient Greek: Φαέθων), also spelled as Phaëthon, whom Greek mythology recognized as a demigod offspring of the sun god Helios and associated with the planet Jupiter.
Prominent local features conventionally supply the names of Mercury's quadrangles. Tolstoj Quadrangle's namesake is Tolstoj Crater. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) themes Mercury's craters with the names of historically significant artists, authors, musicians and painters. Approved in 1976, Tolstoj Crater honors Russian writer Count Lev Tolstoj (Sept. 9 [Old Style: Aug. 28], 1828-Nov. 20 [Old Style: Nov. 7], 1910).
Tolstoj Crater is centered at minus 16.23 degrees south latitude, 164.64 degrees west longitude, according to the IAU's U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center-maintained Gazetter of Planetary Nomenclature. The southern hemisphere impact crater's northernmost and southernmost latitudes extend to minus 12.05 degrees south and minus 20.4 degree south, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes reach 160.29 degrees west and 168.98 degrees west, respectively. Tolstoj Crater's diameter spans 355 kilometers.
Liszt Crater is located on Tolstoj Crater's western rim. Liszt Crater's name, approved in 1985, honors Romantic era Hungarian composer and virtuoso pianist Franz Liszt (Oct. 22, 1811-July 31, 1886).
Liszt Crater is centered at minus 16.13 degrees south latitude, 168.34 degrees west longitude. It records northernmost and southernmost latitudes of minus 15.2 degrees south and minus 17.07 degrees south, respectively. It registers easternmost and westernmost longitudes of 167.37 degrees west and 169.31 degrees west, respectively. Liszt Crater's diameter measures 79 kilometers.
Rublev Crater lies to the east of Tolstoj Crater's southeastern rim. Rublev Crater's name, approved in 1976, honors Russian medieval icon painter Andrey Rublev (ca. 1360-Oct. 17, 1428?).
Rublev Crater is centered at minus 15.12 degrees south latitude, 157.08 degrees west longitude. It obtains northernmost and southernmost latitudes of minus 13.59 degrees south and minus 16.64 degrees south, respectively. It establishes its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 155.5 degrees west and 158.66 degrees west, respectively. Rublev Crater has a diameter of 129 kilometers.
Tolstoj Crater is sited near Tolstoj Quadrangle's southeastern corner. Its location near Tolstoj Quadrangle's southeastern corner places the large impact crater to the southeast of Tolstoj Quadrangle's central plain, Tir Planitia. Tir Planitia's name, approved in 1976, accords with the IAU convention of theming Mercury's plains (Latin: planitia (singular); planitiae (plural) around names for Mercury, as god or planet, in various languages. Tir derives from the Middle Persian word (تیر) for the planet Mercury.
Tir Planitia is centered at minus 1.04 degrees south latitude, 176.69 degrees west longitude. The largely southern hemisphere plain's northernmost and southernmost latitudes touch 7.78 degrees north latitude and minus 8.35 degrees south latitude, respectively. Tir Planitia's easternmost and westernmost longitudes stretch to 170.3 degrees west and 183.75 degrees west, respectively. Tir Planitia's diameter spans 754 kilometers.
The southern expanses of Raditladi Quadrangle-centered Caloris Planitia ("Hot Plain") reach into Tolstoj Quadrangle.
Caloris Planitia is centered at 31.65 degrees north latitude, 198.02 degrees west longitude. Its northernmost and southernmost latitudes span 48.6 degrees north to 15.54 degrees north, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes reach 176.3 degrees west and 217.97 degrees west, respectively. Caloris Planitia's diameter spans 1,500 kilometers.
Tolstoj Quadrangle's location qualifies the equator-straddling quadrangle for six neighbors. Shakespeare Quadrangle (H-3) and Raditladi Quadrangle (H-4) share their southern borders with Tolstoj Quadrangle's northeastern and northwestern borders, respectively. Beethoven Quadrangle (H-7) neighbors along Tolstoj Quadrangle's eastern border. As southern neighbors, Michelangelo Quadrangle (H-12) and Neruda Quadrangle (H-13) are contiguous with Tolstoj Quadrangle's northern border. Eminescu Quadrangle (H-9) neighbors along Tolstoj Quadrangle's western border.
The takeaways for Tolstoj Quadrangle as the eighth of 15 quadrangles of the Mercurian surface are that the equator-straddling quadrangle's namesake, Tolstoj Crater, honors Russian writer Count Lev Tolstoj; that Caloris Planitia ("Hot Plain"), centered in neighboring Raditladi Quadrangle, extends its southern reaches into northern Tolstoj Quadrangle; that Tir Planitia, named with the Persian word for planet Mercury, occupies central Tolstoj Quadrangle; and that Tolstoj Quadrangle shares its southern border with northern neighbors Shakespeare and Raditladi quadrangles, its eastern border with Beethoven Quadrangle, its southern border with Michelangelo and Neruda quadrangles, and its western border with Eminescu Quadrangle.
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| Detail of Map of the H-8 (Tolstoj) Quadrangle of Mercury shows the quadrangle's namesake, Tolstoj Crater, with Tolstoj's western rim occupant, Liszt Crater; credit NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington/USGS: courtesy IAU/USGS Astrogeology Science Center's Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature |
Acknowledgment
My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.
Image credits:
Image credits:
Geologic Map of the Tolstoj Quadrangle of Mercury shows area of equatorial region imaged by Mariner 10 spacecraft's three flybys (March 29, 1974; Sept. 21, 1974; March 16, 1975), with coverage of eastern two-thirds and notation of "area in darkness" for 190 to 216 degrees west longitude; Geologic Map of the Tolstoj Quadrangle of Mercury (1990) by Gerald G. Schaber and John F. McCauley, prepared on behalf of the Planetary Geology Program, Planetary Division, Office of Space Science, National Aeronautics and Space Administration: via USGS Astrogeology Science Center's Astropedia Web Portal @ https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/search/map/Mercury/Geology/Mercury-Geologic-Map-of-the-Tolstoj-Quadrangle; via USGS Publications Warehouse @ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/i1199
Detail of Map of the H-8 (Tolstoj) Quadrangle of Mercury shows the quadrangle's namesake, Tolstoj Crater, with Tolstoj's western rim occupant, Liszt Crater; credit NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington/USGS: courtesy IAU/USGS Astrogeology Science Center's Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/H-8.pdf
For further information:
For further information:
Antoniadi, E.M. (Eugène Michel). La Planète Mercure et la Rotation des Satellites. Paris, France: Gauthier-Villars, 1934.
Davies, Merton E.; Stephen E. Dwornik; Donald E. Gault; and Robert G. Strom. Atlas of Mercury. Special Publication SP-423. Prepared for the Office of Space Sciences. Washington DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Office, 1978.
Available @ https://history.nasa.gov/SP-423/
Available @ https://history.nasa.gov/SP-423/
Davies, Merton E.; Stephen E. Dwornik; Donald E. Gault; and Robert G. Strom. "H-8 Tolstoj Quadrangle." Atlas of Mercury: 82-93. Special Publication SP-423. Prepared for the Office of Space Sciences. Washington DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Office, 1978.
Available @ https://history.nasa.gov/SP-423/h8.htm
Available @ https://history.nasa.gov/SP-423/h8.htm
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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/979
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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/Categories
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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/DescriptorTerms
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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3424
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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5213
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5213
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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6025
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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6052
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Available via USGS Astrogeology Science Center's Astropedia Web Portal @ https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/search/map/Mercury/Geology/Mercury-Geologic-Map-of-the-Tolstoj-Quadrangle
Available via USGS Publications Warehouse @ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/i1199
Available via USGS Astrogeology Science Center's Astropedia Web Portal @ https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/search/map/Mercury/Geology/Mercury-Geologic-Map-of-the-Tolstoj-Quadrangle
Available via USGS Publications Warehouse @ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/i1199
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Available via USGS Astrogeology Science Center's Astropedia Web Portal @ https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/search/map/Mercury/Topography/Mercury-Shaded-Relief-Map-of-the-Tir-Quadrangle
Available via USGS Astrogeology Science Center's Astropedia Web Portal @ https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/search/map/Mercury/Topography/Mercury-Shaded-Relief-Map-of-the-Tir-Quadrangle
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