Earth and Space News

Monday, November 25, 2019

2019-2020 Met Opera Season’s 11th Week Has Glass, Mozart and Tchaikovsky

Summary: The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s 11th week has Glass, Mozart and Tchaikovsky operas in continuing performances of Akhnaten, Le Nozze di Figaro and The Queen of Spades.

The 2019-2018 Met Opera season’s performances of Tchaikovsky’s The Queen of Spades mark the opera house’s fifth revival of Australian director Elijah Moshinsky’s staging; photo by Marty Sohl/Metropolitan Opera: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook Aug. 6, 2008

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s 11th week has Glass, Mozart and Tchaikovsky operas in continuing performances of the opera house’s premiere production of Akhnaten and revivals of Le Nozze di Figaro and The Queen of Spades.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s 11th week begins with The Queen of Spades by Russian late-Romantic composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (May 7, 1840-Nov. 6, 1893). The week offers two performances of Tchaikovsky’s opera about a gambler obsessed with a winning secret. The week’s first performance of The Queen of Spades takes place Monday, Dec. 2, at 7:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time. The week’s second performance of the opera is slated for Thursday, Dec. 5, at 7:30 p.m.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season premiere of The Queen of Spades happened during Thanksgiving week, the season’s 10th week. The opera’s season premiere took place Friday, Nov. 29, at 7:30 p.m.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s performances of Tchaikovsky’s 10th completed opera revive staging by Elijah Moshinsky. The Australian opera director debuted his staging Oct. 26, 1995, as a new Met Opera production in the opera house’s 35th performance of The Queen of Spades.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season hosts the fifth revival of the Moshinsky production. The first revival happened in the 1998-1999 Met Opera season. Second and third revivals were offered in the 2003-2004 and 2008-2009 Met Opera seasons, respectively. The Metropolitan Opera most recently performed the production, as its fourth revival, in the opera house’s 2010-2011 season.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s 11th week includes two performances of Le Nozze di Figaro by Classical Era composer Wolfgang Mozart (Jan. 27, 1756-Dec. 5, 1791). The week’s first performance of Mozart’s Figaro opera happens Tuesday, Dec. 3, at 7:30 p.m. The week’s second performance takes place Saturday, Nov. 7, at 8 p.m.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season premiere of Le Nozze di Figaro occurred in the season’s eighth week. The opera opened Saturday, Nov. 16, at 1 p.m., as the first of 15 performances in the 2019-2020 Met Opera season.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s performances of Le Nozze di Figaro revive staging by Sir Richard Eyre. The English director’s staging debuted as a new Met Opera production Sept. 22, 2014, in the opera house’s 459th production of Le Nozze di Figaro.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s performances mark the opera house’s third revival of the Eyre production. The first revival happened in the 2015-2016 Met Opera season. The production’s most recent staging occurred in the 2017-2018 Met Opera season as its second revival.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s 11th week features two performances of Akhnaten by American composer Philip Glass. The week’s first performance of Akhnaten takes place Wednesday, Dec. 4, at 7:30 p.m. The opera’s second performance in the season’s 11th week is offered as a Saturday matinee, Dec. 7, at 1 p.m.

The Metropolitan Opera Premiere of Akhnaten took place in the 2019-2020 season’s seventh week. The Met Opera Premiere happened Friday, Nov. 8, at 8 p.m. Akhnaten’s Met Opera premiere debuted English stage director Phelim McDermott’s staging as a new Met Opera production.

No Sunday matinee is scheduled for the 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s 11th week, which is December’s first week. Friday is the week’s second dark day of no operatic performances. The month’s fourth and fifth Sundays also are scheduled as dark days.

December’s two Sunday matinees are offered on the month’s second and third Sundays. The month’s first Sunday matinee takes place Dec. 8, with a 3 p.m. performance of The Queen of Spades. The Metropolitan Opera’s abridged, English-language, family-friendly production of Mozart’s The Magic Flute appears as the month’s second Sunday matinee, Dec. 15, at 3 p.m.

The takeaways for the 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s 11th week are that December’s first Sunday is the first of the month’s three matinee-less Sundays and that December’s first week offers continuing performances of Glass’ Akhnaten, Mozart’s Le Nozze di Figaro and Tchaikovsky’s The Queen of Spades.

Australian director Elijah Moshinsky’s 1995-1996 staging of Tchaikovsky’s The Queen of Spades has its fifth revival in the 2019-2020 Met Opera season; previous revivals took place in the opera house’s 1998-1999, 2003-2004, 2008-2009 and 2010-2011 seasons; photo by Marty Sohl/Metropolitan Opera: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook Aug. 6, 2008

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Marriner, Derdriu. “2019-2020 Met Opera Season’s 10th Week Has Glass, Mozart, Puccini, Tchaikovsky.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Nov. 18, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/2019-2020-met-opera-seasons-10th-week.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2019-2020 Met Opera Season Opens Monday, Sept. 23, With Porgy and Bess.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Sept. 16, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/2019-2020-met-opera-season-opens-monday.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2019-2020 Met Opera Season’s Eighth Week Has Glass, Gluck, Mozart, Puccini.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Nov. 4, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/2019-2020-met-opera-seasons-eighth-week.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2019-2020 Met Opera Season’s Fifth Week Has Gluck, Massenet and Puccini.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Oct. 14, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/2019-2020-met-opera-seasons-fifth-week.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2019-2020 Met Opera Season’s Fourth Week Has Gershwin, Massenet and Puccini.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Oct. 7, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/2019-2020-met-opera-seasons-fourth-week.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2019-2020 Met Opera Season’s Ninth Week Has Glass, Mozart and Puccini.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Nov. 11, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/2019-2020-met-opera-seasons-ninth-week.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2019-2020 Met Opera Season’s Second Week Has Gershwin, Puccini and Verdi.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Sept. 23, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/2019-2020-met-operas-second-week-has.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2019-2020 Met Opera Season’s Seventh Week Has Glass, Gluck and Puccini.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Oct. 28, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/2019-2020-met-opera-seasons-seventh.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2019-2020 Met Opera Season’s Sixth Week Offers Gluck and Puccini.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Oct. 21, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/2019-2020-met-opera-seasons-sixth-week.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2019-2020 Met Opera Season’s Third Week Has Gershwin, Massenet, Puccini, Verdi.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Sept. 30, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/2019-2020-met-opera-seasons-third-week.html

The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. “A scene from ‘The Queen of Spades.’” Facebook. Dec. 18, 2008.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.63777700532/104656305532/

The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. “Tchaikovsky’s The Queen of Spades opens on November 21!” Facebook. Aug. 6, 2008.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.63777700532/63781960532/

“New Production: The Queen of Spades.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 322250 New Production The Queen of Spades {35} Metropolitan Opera House: 10/26/1995.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=322250

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Ka'upu Black-Footed Albatrosses Avert Magnum's A Bullet Named Fate

Summary: Ka'upu Hawaiian black-footed albatrosses are Makahiki Hawaiian Thanksgiving icons that argue against Magnum's A Bullet Named Fate Nov. 22, 2019.

ka'upu Hawaiian black-footed albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes) on Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean; scan of undated old print originally uploaded to English Wikipedia Friday, Nov. 2, 2007: Brocken Inaglory, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Ka'upu Hawaiian black-footed albatrosses, as ancient avian aspects and augurs of amicable Makahiki Hawaiian Thanksgivings, are absent from Magnum PI action drama television series episode A Bullet Named Fate Nov. 22, 2019.

Director Doug Hannah and writers Scarlett Lacey and Neil Tolkin bring into Season Two's ninth episode barricades and bullets that never belonged in ancient Hawaiian Thanksgivings. The series' 29th episode overall concerns a case that converts Robin's Nest security consultant Thomas Magnum's (Jay Hernandez) colleague, Harry Brown (William Forsythe), into a casualty. It deals with Island Choppers owner-operator Theodore Calvin (Stephen Hill) and Robin's Nest cultural curator Kumu Tuileta (Amy Hill) defending a sacred site against non-sacred development.

The ancient Hawaiian Thanksgiving, makahiki (from same-spelled Hawaiian, "year"), from October or November through February or March, entailed peace, religion and sports, without fighting or fishing.

The Makahiki Hawaiian Thanksgiving featured an akua loa (from same-spelled Hawaiian, "image long" literally) that fashioned a two-fathom (12-foot) staff from bark, feathers, skins and wood.

Long-traveled images gathered ka'upu Hawaiian black-footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) feathers, kapa (from same-spelled Hawaiian, "[cloth] edge") banners from wauke (Broussonetia papyrifera) and pala'ā ferns (Sphenomeris chinensis). They sometimes harbored alternative kala (Rubus hawaiensis), ākalakala (R. macraei), hau (Hibiscus tiliaceus), ma'aloa (Neraudia melastomifolia), māmaki (Pipturus albidus), ōpuhe (Urera) or 'ulu (Artocarpus altilis) kapa. They included exclusively ka'upu feathers and skins and pala'ā ferns and variably breadfruit (Artocarpus), hibiscus, mulberry (Broussonetia), nettle (Neraudia, Pipturus, Urera) or raspberry (Rubus), stone-pounded kapa.

Ka'upu Hawaiian black-footed albatrosses journey through 12- to 40-year life cycles from October-gestated, November- and December-incubated, January- and February-hatched one-egg clutches per couple per yearly mating.

Broken, infertile and stolen eggs kindle no relaying that year by ka'upu Hawaiian black-footed albatrosses, monogamous pairs within massive colonies that annual mating seasons keep together.

Shallow scrapes in the upper reaches of sandy beaches lodge each pair's seasonal egg and, in rotating, successive one-day maternal, three-week paternal round-the-clock shifts, each egg's parents. They manage 12.43- to 18.64-mile (20- to 30-kilometer) offshore forages to maintain their hatchlings on fatty acids and nutrients in regurgitated flying fish eggs and squid. Ka'upu black-footed albatrosses, noted by John Audubon (April 26, 1785-Jan, 27, 1851), need four to five months to fledge and five to seven years to mature.

Ka'upu Hawaiian black-footed albatrosses, organized as Phoebastria nigripes (from Greek Φοίβάστρια, "prophetess" and Latin niger, "black" and pēs, "foot"), offer white-lined bills and undertails as juveniles.

Mature ka'upu Hawaiian black-footed albatrosses present 6.25- to 7.72-pound (2.8- to 3.5-kilogram), 25.19- to 29.13-inch (64- to 74-centimeter) lengths and 6.33- to 7.09-foot (193- to 2.16-meter) wingspans.

The Diomedeidae (from Greek Διομήδης, "[Trojan War hero] Diomedes" and -ειδής, "-like") family brown-bodied member queues up white-patched eyes, rumps and undertails and white-ringed bill bases. Juvenile versus mature stages release wheezy cheeps versus mating-related cries, grunts, moans and whines and scavenger-related croaks, gurgles and squeals for crustaceans, fish, squid and zooplankton. They speed on swift-legged feet across, and with long, slender wings gliding low just above, surface waters into the wind for long-distance, round-trip Pacific Rim flights.

Drift nets, long-line hooks and plastic debris turn ka'upu Hawaiian black-footed albatrosses, traditional Makahiki Hawaiian Thanksgiving talismans, into International Union for Conservation of Nature-termed near-endangered species.

Thomas Magnum Sullivan (Jay Hernandez) convinces kidnapper Melinda Mosley (Erin Pineda) to release Isabella Kai (Taylin Yuen) in CBS-TV's Magnum P.I. season 2 episode 9, A Bullet Named Fate: Magnum P.I. @MagnumPICBS, via Facebook Nov. 22, 2019

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

"Akua loa." Wehewehe Wikiwiki.
Available @ https://hilo.hawaii.edu/wehe/?q=akua+loa&l.%20http://nativeplants.hawaii.edu/plant/view/Sphenomeris_chinensis.%20http://kureatollconservancy.org/kaupu/

BirdLife International 2018. "Phoebastria nigripes." The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22698350A132642517. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698350A132642517.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22698350/132642517

"Black-Footed Albatross." Kaua'i Endangered Seabird Recovery Project > The Birds > Other Seabirds.
Available @ https://kauaiseabirdproject.org/black-footed-albatross/

"Black-Footed Albatross." U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service > Hawaiian Islands > Wildlife & Habitat.
Available @ https://www.fws.gov/refuge/hawaiian_islands/wildlife_and_haitat/black-footed_albatross.html

Lambert, Jenifer. 21 November 2015. "Makahiki - Thanksgiving in Hawaii."
Available @ https://www.jenniferalambert.com/thanksgiving-in-hawaii/Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2019. "Maiapilo Hawaiian Capers Are Absent from Magnum's He Came by Night." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/maiapilo-hawaiian-capers-are-absent.html

Magnum P.I. @MagnumPICBS. 22 November 2019. "Every case is tough, but few pull on your heartstrings like this. Catch up on the latest." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MagnumPICBS/posts/472657990045562

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2019. "Maiapilo Hawaiian Capers Are Absent From Magnum's He Came by Night." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/maiapilo-hawaiian-capers-are-absent.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 November 2019. "Lama Hawaiian Ebony Persimmon Augurs Magnum's Man in the Secret Room." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/lama-hawaiian-ebony-persimmon-augurs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 November 2019. "Milo Pacific Rosewood Applies Five-0's All Knowledge to Magnum's Lie." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/milo-pacific-rosewood-applies-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 October 2019. "Hawaiian Hoary Bats Acquit Five-0's Ghosts, Magnum's Make It 'Til Dawn." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/hawaiian-hoary-bats-acquit-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 October 2019. "Molassesgrass Appalls Five-0's Tiny Is the Flower, Magnum's Dead Inside." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/molassesgrass-appalls-five-0s-tiny-is.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2019. "Akohekohe Honeycreepers Attack Like Magnum PI's Knight Lasts Forever." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/akohekohe-honeycreepers-attack-like.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 October 2019. "Hawaiian Quilts Are More Cryptic Than Magnum PI's Honor Among Thieves." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/hawaiian-quilts-are-more-cryptic-than.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2019. "Ti Tree Root Okolehao Applies To Magnum PI's Payback Is For Beginners." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/ti-tree-root-okolehao-applies-to-magnum.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 September 2019. "Yellow Fever Mosquitoes Air a Killer on Magnum's A Kiss Before Dying." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/yellow-fever-mosquitoes-air-killer-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 September 2019. "Hawaii Mamo Feathers Are Like Gold Necklaces on Magnum's Die He Said." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/hawaii-mamo-feathers-are-like-gold.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 September 2019. "Koloa Maoli Hawaiian Ducks Are One Duck Less on Magnum's Sudden Death." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/koloa-maoli-hawaiian-ducks-are-one-duck.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2019. "Makou Hawaiian Buttercups Add No Aconitine to Magnum's I, the Deceased." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/makou-hawaiian-buttercups-add-no.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2018. "Makiawa Hawaiian Sardines Appease Magnum PI's The Cat Who Cried Wolf." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/makiawa-hawaiian-sardines-appease.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 October 2018. "Hawaiian Dolphinfish Mahi-Mahi Abide by Magnum PI's From the Head Down." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/hawaiian-dolphinfish-mahi-mahi-abide-by.html

Robertson, Christopher John Rutherford. "Albatrosses (Diomedeidae)." In: Michael Hutchins, Jerome A. Jackson, Walter J. Bock and Donna Olendorf, editors. Grzimek's Animal Life Enyclopedia. Second edition. Volume 8, Birds I: 113-122. Farmington Hills MI: Gale Group, 2003.

Stender, Keoki and Yuko. "Phoebastria nigripes." Marinelife Photography > Marine Life > Birds > Family Diomedeidae > Hawaii.
Available @ https://www.marinelifephotography.com/marine/birds/black-footed-albatross.htm

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Are Pala'a Hawaiian Lace Ferns Five-0's Trunkless Tree of Kahilikolo?

Summary: Pala'a Hawaiian lace ferns, announcements of the Makahiki Hawaiian Thanksgiving, are not like Five-0's The Trunkless Tree of Kahilikolo Nov. 22, 2019.

Pala'a Hawaiian lace ferns, augurs of the ancient Makahiki Hawaiian Thanksgiving, never appear root-massed and woody like Hawaii Five-0 police procedural television series episode The Trunkless Tree of Kahilikolo Nov. 22, 2019.

Director Ron Underwood and writers Noah Evslin and Paul Grellong bring the 'ōlelo ao ("proverb"), Ka Ia'au Kumu 'Ole O Kahilikolo, into Season 10's ninth episode. The series' 227th episode overall considers crass crimes, such as the Thanksgiving season robbery of Hawaii Five-0 Task Force Officer Junior Reigns' (Beulah Koale) parental home. Hawaii Five-0 Task Force Lieutenant Commander Steve McGarrett (Alex O'Loughlin) still deals with his mother Doris' (Christine Lahti) death on Central Intelligence Agency mission in Mexico.

Hawaii Five-0 Task Force Detective Danny Williams (Scott Caan) enters the McGarrett property as Hawaii Five-0 Task Force canine Eddie's (Eddie Aikau Chipperton) and Steve's housemate.

The Makahiki Hawaiian Thanksgiving (from same-spelled Hawaiian, "year") fit into the lunar-month year of four months from harvest to planting and eight from planting to harvest.

The Makahiki Hawaiian Thanksgiving gathered into an akua loa (from same-spelled Hawaiian, "image long" literally) bird feathers and skins, fern shoots and tree bark and wood. Its long-traveled images harbored Hawaiian wattle (Acacia koa) carved wood and pounded bark; ka'upu Hawaiian black-footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) parts; and pala'a Hawaiian lace fern shoots. All itineraries inhibited fishing and law-breaking, with thieves of invaluable koa banners and carvings among the most insulting, and initiated harvests, music, peace, religion and sports.

Pala'a Hawaiian lace ferns journey into perennial life cycles as cultivated, propagated horizontal-stemmed, root-like, shoot-like, underground-stemmed rhizome cuttings or as wild-germinated spores (from Greek σπορά, "seed").

Pala'a Hawaiian lace ferns, known locally as pala'ā ("brown-red [dye from fronds]"), pala'e, palapala'ā and pā'ū-o-pala'e, keep their spores at the tips of their smallest segments.

The Lindsaeaceae (for Dr. John Lindsay FRSE, 1750-Aug. 18, 1803, and from Latin -āceae, "resembling") family member lodges elliptical, monolete spores with one laesura ("suture line"). The necklace fern family may mature asexually from dug up, divided, propagated rhizome (from Greek ῥίζα, "root" and σῶμα, "mass") clumps or sexually from germinated spores. Pala'a Hawaiian lace ferns, noted by Carl Linnaeus (May 13, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778) and William Maxon (Feb. 27, 1877-Feb. 25, 1948), need new-growth, three-plus-leafed rhizome cuttings.

Pala'a Hawaiian lace ferns, organized as Sphenomeris chinensis (from Greek σφήν, "wedge," μέρος, "part" and Latin chinēnsis, "Chinese"), offer orange-stalked green-white fronds (from Latin frōns, "leaf").

Mature pala'a Hawaiian lace ferns present 5- to 30-plus-inch- (12.7- to 76.2-centimeter-) long, hairless, smooth-surfaced fronds and 2- to 5-foot (0.61- to 1.52-meter) heights and spreads.

Pala'a Hawaiian lace ferns queue up aluminum and iron oxide-rich red-dirted or fertile forest-brown moist, semi-shaded, sunlit, well-drained soils from sea level through 4,002.63-foot (1,220-meter) altitudes. Four- to 6-inch (0.31- to 0.61-meter) diameter rhizome cuttings require 1- to 2-foot (0.31- to 0.61-meter) spacing as ground cover and 3-plus-foot (0.91-plus-meter) spacing as specimens. Caterpillars, mealybugs, salt spray, scale and wind stress the drought-tolerant indigenous companion of Hawaiian myrtle ('ōhia lehua, Merosideros polymorpha) and tree ferns (hāpu'u pulu, Cibotium glaucum).

Non-woody pala'a Hawaiian lace ferns and, as a woody plant root-massed and trunked sideways in Kahilikolo traditions, koa trees transmit trunklessness as Makihiki Hawaiian Thanksgiving talismans.

Kamakona Tupuola's (Taylor Wily) cousin Flippa Tupuola (Shawn Mokuahi Garnett), Hawaii Five-0 Task Force Lieutenant Commander Steve McGarrett (Alex O'Loughlin) and Flippa's mother, Princess (Lori Pelenise Tuisano), enjoy a Thanksgiving meal, prepared for the H50 ohana by the Tupuolas, held at Steve's home, in CBS-TV's Hawaii Five-0 season 10 episode 10, Ka la‘au kumu ‘ole o Kahilikolo (The trunkless tree of Kahilikolo): Hawaii Five-0 @HawaiiFive0CBS, via Facebook Nov. 20, 2019

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

pala'a Hawaiian lace fern (Sphenomeris chinensis) along 'Aiea Loop Trail, western Halawa Valley, southern Oʻahu, Hawai'i; Monday, Dec. 12, 2005, 21:42: David Eickhoff from Pearl City, Hawaii, USA, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sphenomeris_chinensis_(4831912785).jpg; David Eickhoff (D.Eickhoff), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/dweickhoff/4831912785/

"Akua loa." Wehewehe Wikiwiki.
Available @ https://hilo.hawaii.edu/wehe/?q=akua+loa&l.%20http://nativeplants.hawaii.edu/plant/view/Sphenomeris_chinensis.%20http://kureatollconservancy.org/kaupu/

Bornhorst, Heidi Leianuenue. 2005. Growing Native Hawaiian Plants: A How-to Guide for the Gardener. Revised edition. Honolulu HI: Bess Press, Inc.

Hawaii Five-0 @HawaiiFive0CBS. 20 November 2019. "Grab a plate. Friday at 8/7c." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/HawaiiFive0CBS/photos/a.135257959841022/2844768472223277/

"Ka Ia'au Kumu 'Ole O Kahilikolo: The Trunkless Tree of Kahilikolo." Hawaii Five-0: The Tenth Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Nov. 22, 2019.

Lambert, Jenifer. 21 November 2015. "Makahiki - Thanksgiving in Hawaii."
Available @ https://www.jenniferalambert.com/thanksgiving-in-hawaii/

Lindgren, Jeanne. 30 November 2013. "That's What Fronds Are For> Palapalai." Hawaii Nature Journal > Hawaii Plants and Animals in the Bakcyard and Beyond.
Available @ https://hawaiinaturejournal.weebly.com/hawaii-plants-and-animals-in-the-backyard-and-beyond/thats-what-fronds-are-for-palapalai

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 November 2019. "Broadleaf Aiea Access Bomber Wreckage Unlike Hawaii Five-0's Ne'e Aku." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/broadleaf-aiea-access-bomber-wreckage.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 November 2019. "Hapu'u Pulu Hawaiian Tree Ferns Add DNA Active Before Five-0's Ka 'I'o." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/hapuu-pulu-hawaiian-tree-ferns-add-dna.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2019. "Corsair Plane Wreck for Five-0's E Uhi Ana Ka Wa I Hala I Na Mea I Hala." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/corsair-plane-wreck-for-five-0s-e-uhi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 October 2019. "Moiliili Caves Actualize Hawaii Five-0's Kuipeia E Ka Makani Apaa." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/moiliili-caves-actualize-hawaii-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 September 2019. "Kauila Trees Assure That on Five-0 Ua 'Eha Ka 'Ili I Ka Maka O Ka Ihe." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/kauila-trees-assure-that-on-five-0-ua.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 May 2019. "Five-0 Endlessly Pours the Rain of Waianae into Hawaiian Rain Gardens." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/five-0-endlessly-pours-rain-of-waianae.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 May 2019. "Lahaina Noon: Unlike Five-0's Hewa Ka Lima Rarely the Hand Is at Fault." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/lahaina-noon-unlike-five-0s-hewa-ka.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 May 2019. "'Imiloa Sky Charts and Hawaii Five-0's Ho'okani No La O Ka Malihini." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/imiloa-sky-charts-and-hawaii-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 April 2019. "Laysan Albatrosses: Earth Day 2019, Five-0 Season 9 Episode 22 Icons." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/laysan-albatrosses-earth-day-2019-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2019. "Pueo Hawaiian Short-Eared Owls and Hawaii Five-0's He Kama Na Ka Pueo." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/pueo-hawaiian-short-eared-owls-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 April 2019. "Hau Hawaiian Sea Hibiscus, Ma'a Hawaiian Sling, Five-0's Way of the Gun." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/hau-hawaiian-sea-hibiscus-maa-hawaiian.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 March 2019. “Five-0’s Hawaiian He’e Big Blue Day Octopus of the Deep Spews Its Ink.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/five-0s-hawaiian-hee-big-blue-day.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 March 2019. “Hawaii Five-0's Ai No I Ka 'Ape He Mane'o No Ko Ka Nuku: Itchy Mouths.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/hawaii-five-0s-ai-no-i-ka-ape-he-maneo.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 February 2019. “Offer Young Taro Leaves To Hawaii Five-0 Episode E'ao Lu'au A Kualima.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/offer-young-taro-leaves-to-hawaii-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 February 2019. “Kanawao Shrub Fruits for Hawaii Five-0's Hapai Ke Kuko, Hanau Ka Hewa.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/kanawao-shrub-fruits-for-hawaii-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2019. “Five-0 Hawaiian Rain Gardens Not Made Prisoner by the Reign of the Rain.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/five-0-hawaiian-rain-gardens-not-made.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 February 2019. “Humpback Whales Depressed With the Heat in Keawalua on Hawaii Five-0.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/humpback-whales-depressed-with-heat-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 January 2019. “No 'Awa Or Kava Shrubs If Those Above Are Descending on Hawaii Five-0.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/no-awa-or-kava-shrubs-if-those-above.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 January 2019. “Kikui Tree Leaves for Hawaii Five-0 2010's Ka Hauli O Ka Mea Hewa 'Ole.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/kikui-tree-leaves-for-hawaii-five-0.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2019. “Hawaii Five-0 Gone on the Road, Without Koa Wood Outrigger Canoes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/hawaii-five-0-gone-on-road-without-koa.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2018. “Ponderosa Pine Trees for When a Hawaii Five-0 2010 House Is Dark.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/ponderosa-pine-trees-for-when-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 December 2018. “Hawaiian Pili Grass Houses: Hawaii Five-0 2010 When the Light Goes Out.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/hawaiian-pili-grass-houses-hawaii-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 December 2018. “Ko'a Black Coral for Hawaii Five-0 2010's Truth Comes from the Night.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/koa-black-coral-for-hawaii-five-0-2010s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2018. “Hawaiian Goose Nēnē: Birds of a Feather Episode on Hawaii Five-0 2010.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/hawaiian-goose-nene-birds-of-feather.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 November 2018. “Hawaiian Horses, Chang and McGarrett: Hawaii Five-0 2010 200th Episode.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/hawaiian-horses-chang-and-mcgarrett.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 November 2018. “Olonā Hawaiian Nettle Shrubs for Hawaii Five-0 Emergency Landings?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/olona-hawaiian-nettle-shrubs-for-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 October 2018. “Gernika Genocide Survivor Art Before Hawaii Five-0 Prophetic Child Art.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/gernika-genocide-survivor-art-before.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 October 2018. “Hawaiian Beach Sand: Hawaii Five-0 2010's On the Slope of the Cliff.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/hawaiian-beach-sand-hawaii-five-0-2010s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2018. “Proverbial Cowrie Sea Snails for the Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ninth Season.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/proverbial-cowrie-sea-snails-for-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 October 2018. “Lamian or Ramen Noodles: Hawaii Five-0's The Man Who Fell From the Sky.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/lamian-or-ramen-noodles-hawaii-five-os.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2018. “Gutta-Percha Trees and Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ninth Season Premiere Cocoon.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/gutta-percha-trees-and-hawaii-five-o.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 September 2018. “Ki'i Pōhaku Petroglyphs: Ancients Exposed on Five-0's Waiho Wale Kahiko.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/kii-pohaku-petroglyphs-ancients-exposed.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 May 2018. “Hawaiian Rain Gardens for Five-0's Tough Branch That Does Not Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/hawaiian-rain-gardens-for-five-0s-tough.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2018. “Noni for Hawaii Five-0's Ka Hana A Ka Makua, O Ka Hana No Ia A Keiki.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/noni-for-hawaii-five-0s-ka-hana-ka.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 April 2018. “'Āliamanu Salt Lake and Five-0's Kopi Wale No I Ka I'a A 'Eu No Ka Ilo.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/aliamanu-salt-lake-and-five-0s-kopi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 April 2018. “Hawaii Five-0 Episode Ahuwale Ka Nane Hina: Uku Hawaiian Gray Snappers.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/hawaii-five-0-episde-ahuwale-ka-nane.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2018. “'Iwa Great Frigatebirds: Five-0's He Lokomaika'i Ka Manu O Kaiona.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/iwa-great-frigatebirds-five-0s-he.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 April 2018. “Chinese Juniper Shrubs on Hawaii Five-0 2010's Aohe Mea Make I Ka Hewa.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/chinese-juniper-shrubs-on-hawaii-five-0.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 April 2018. “Bonsai Gardening on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Episode Aohe Mea Make I Ka Hewa.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/bonsai-gardening-on-hawaii-five-0-2010.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 March 2018. “'Ulu Hawaiian Breadfruit To Do One's Duty on Five-0's E Ho'oko Kuleana.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/ulu-hawaiian-breadfruit-to-do-ones-duty.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 March 2018. “Chlorine Gas on Hawaii Five-0 2010's Holapu Ke Ahi Koe Iho Ka Lehu.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/chlorine-gas-on-hawaii-five-0-2010s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 March 2018. “Golden Plovers and Stars of Heaven Know Where Pae Is on Hawaii Five-0.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/golden-plovers-and-stars-of-heaven-know.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2018. “A Coral Reef Strengthens Out to Land on Hawaii Five-0 with Lobe Corals.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/a-coral-reef-strengthens-out-to-land-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 January 2018. “No Southern House Mosquitoes on Hawaii Five-0's Na Keikia Kalaihaohia.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/no-southern-house-mosquitoes-on-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 January 2018. “What Is Gone Is Not Hawaiian Bobtail Squid on Hawaii Five-0 2010.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/what-is-gone-is-not-hawaiian-bobtail.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 January 2018. “Criminals Rare as Guernsey Dairy Cattle on Hawaii Five-0 The Roundup.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/criminals-rare-as-guernsey-dairy-cattle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 January 2018. “Hawaiian Cattle Roundups and Hawaii Five-0 2010 The Roundup Criminals.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/hawaiian-cattle-roundups-and-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2010. “Hawaii Shave Ice Images and Take-Outs on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ho'apono.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaii-shave-ice-images-and-take-outs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 November 2010. “Hawaiian Wild Boars Around Hawaii Five-0 2010's North Shore of O'ahu.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaiian-wild-boars-around-hawaii-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 November 2010. “Limu Lipoa Hawaiian Seaweed on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Episode Nalowale.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/limu-lipoa-hawaiian-seaweed-on-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 November 2010. “Hawaiian Blueberry Botanical Illustrations for Hawaii Five-0 Pancakes.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaiian-blueberry-botanical.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 November 2010. “Hawaii Five-0 2010: Respect the Land and the Pizza Without Pineapples?” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaii-five-0-2010-respect-land-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 November 2010. “Pygmy Hippopotamuses for Grace of the Hawaii Five-0 2010 Family?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/pygmy-hippopotamuses-for-grace-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 November 2010. “Pineappley Hala Tree Botanical Illustrations for Hawaii Five-0 Pilot.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Friday, November 22, 2019

200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 27

Summary: The 200th anniversary year of Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures in west India addresses ambient stress in abandoned, adjunct Ajanta cave 27.

exterior view of two levels of Ajanta Cave 27, an unfinished vihara (monastery) cave, next to elaborately sculpted Ajanta Cave 26 (right); Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra, central-west India; Wikimedia Commons-created page via UploadWizard Monday, Sep. 5, 2016: Anupamg, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

The 200th anniversary year of Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures, European-accessed since April 28, 1819, in central-west India associates abandoned, adjunct Ajanta cave 27 with ancient ambient stresses and modern traffic.

Itinerant artisans and monks built Ajanta cave 27 between chaitya (memorial monument, from Sanskrit चैत्य) prayer hall 26 and vihara (from Sanskrit विहार, "walking [hall]") 28. They connected Ajanta cave 26 and Ajanta cave 27 even though second-phase, 1,300- to 1,600-year-old monastery caves and prayer halls contained separate devotional, instructional, meditational shrines. First-phase, shrineless, 2,000- to 2,300-year-old monastery caves 8, 12, 13 and 15A/30 depended upon chaitya caves 9 and 10 from the third through first centuries B.C.E.

The 200th anniversary year of Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures in Maharashtra state espies rare exceptions to no entry into or exit from cave sidewalls.

First-phase Ajanta (from Sanskrit अजित, "invincible") vihara monastery caves feature fundamental floor plans of assembly halls to dormitory cells for resident and seasonal laity and monastics.

The Sangha (from Sanskrit संघ, "multitude") lay and monastic community goes to chaitya prayer halls for devotional, instructional, meditational Ajanta cave wall paintings, sculptures and shrines. Not all second-phase monastery caves before chaitya cave 9 and between chaitya caves 10 and 19, 19 and 26 and 26 and 29 have separate shrines. Ajanta cave 27 is interconnected to westerly 83.14- by 37.79-foot (25.34- by 11.52-meter) Ajanta chaitya prayer hall 26 and independent of easterly, fellow monastery cave 28.

No sidewall entrances or exits join other monasteries, apart cave 18, from first-phase chaitya caves 9 and 10 or second-phase prayer halls 19, 26 and 29.

Ajanta cave 26 keeps its 1,300- to 1,600-year-old status as biggest prayer hall in the 200th anniversary year of European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures.

Ajanta caves 1, 3, 6, 7, 9 through 13, 15, 16, 18 through 21 and 23 lack the geological faults that lead to abandoned, collapsed caves. Two-story Ajanta cave 27 manifests one antechamber, one hall, one sanctum sanctorum (from Latin sanctum sanctōrum, from Hebrew קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים, "holy of holies") and four cells. It nets a porch door like the lavish Ajanta cave 2 doorway and a sculpted Hindu mythological naga dvarapala (from Sanskrit नाग, "serpent" and द्वारपाला, "gatekeeper").

Ajanta cave 27 offers the 200th anniversary year a sculpted Gautama Buddha (from Sanskrit गोतम, "light [dispels] darkness" and बुद्ध, "awakened") teaching his Noble Eightfold Path.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Centre (WHC) site reviews pertain to Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures, WHC site since 1983.

The WHC review December 2002 questions ambient stress and flaking paint from bat excrement, fungal growth, human humidity, insect decomposition and water-bearing tree roots penetrating caves. Second-phase itinerant artisans and monks, less experienced than first-phase, realized Ajanta cave 27, from the top downward and sideward, between the fifth and eighth centuries C.E. The semi-collapsed upper level of Ajanta cave 27 suggests ambient stress from bat and insect stayovers and structural shortcomings of volcanic rock basalt with geological faults.

Tourism triggers worldwide name recognition for European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures, even for those in traumatized Ajanta cave 27, in their 200th anniversary year.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

exterior view of two levels of Ajanta Cave 27 (left), next to intricately sculpted Cave 26 (right); Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra, central-west India; Tuesday, July 29, 2014, 13:45: Akshatha Inamdar, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ajanta_Caves,_Aurangabad_t-118.jpg

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/ajanta-cave-23-200th-anniversary-year.html

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/ajanta-cave-21-200th-anniversary-year.html

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/08/ajanta-cave-6-200th-anniversary-year-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 August 2019. "200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 18." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/08/200th-anniversary-year-of-ajanta-cave_2.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 July 2019. "Ajanta Cave 25: 200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/ajanta-cave-25-200th-anniversary-year.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 July 2019. "Thich Nhat Hanh Achieved at An Quang the Aims of Ajanta Jataka Tales." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/thich-nhat-hanh-achieved-at-quang-aims.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 July 2019. "Engaged Buddhism of Thich Nhat Hanh Allies With Ajanta Jataka Tales." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/engaged-buddhism-of-thich-nhat-hanh.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 July 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh and Indra's Net at Parallax Press and Ajanta Cave 17.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/thich-nhat-hanh-and-indras-net-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 June 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, La Boi and Ajanta Cave 16 Ace Outstanding Inner Peace.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/thich-nhat-hanh-la-boi-and-ajanta-cave.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 June 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh and Indra's Net at Van Hanh and Ajanta Cave 1.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/thich-nhat-hanh-and-indras-net-at-van.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2019. “Indra's Net Affects Thich Nhat Hanh, Phap Van and Ajanta Cave 2.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/indras-net-affects-thich-nhat-hanh-phap.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2019. "Thich Nhat Hanh, Indra's Net at Phuong Boi and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/thich-nhat-hanh-indras-net-at-phuong.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2019. "Thich Nhat Hanh, Indra's Net at Bat Nha and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/thich-nhat-hanh-indras-net-at-bat-nha.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 May 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, Stream Entering Monastery and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/thich-nhat-hanh-stream-entering.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 May 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, Thai Plum Village and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/thich-nhat-hanh-thai-plum-village-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 May 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, AIAB Hong Kong and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/thich-nhat-hanh-aiab-hong-kong-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 May 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, EIAB Germany and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/thich-nhat-hanh-eiab-germany-and-ajanta.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 April 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, Deer Park Monastery and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/thich-nhat-hanh-deer-park-monastery-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 April 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, Blue Cliff Monastery and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/thich-nhat-hanh-blue-cliff-monastery.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, Plum Village Tradition and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/thich-nhat-hanh-plum-village-tradition.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 April 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, Tu Hieu Temple Walks and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/thich-nhat-hanh-tu-hieu-temple-walks.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 March 2019. "Thich Nhat Hanh, Walking Meditations and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/thich-nhat-hanh-walking-meditations-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 March 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 13.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/200th-anniversary-year-of-ajanta-cave_22.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 March 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 12.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/200th-anniversary-year-of-ajanta-cave.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 March 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 8.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/200th-anniversary-year-of-ajanta-cave_8.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 March 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 15A/30.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/200th-anniversary-year-of-ajanta-cave_1.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 February 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Pithora Wall Art.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/200th-anniversary-year-of-ajanta-cave.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 29.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/200th-anniversary-year-of-ajanta-cave_15.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 February 2019. “Ajanta Cave 26 in 200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/ajanta-cave-26-in-200th-anniversary.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 February 2019. “Ajanta Cave 19 in 200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/ajanta-cave-19-in-200th-anniversary.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 January 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings in Ajanta Cave 9.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/200th-anniversary-year-of-ajanta-cave.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 January 2019. “Ancient Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings and Inscriptions in Ajanta Cave 10.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/ancient-ajanta-cave-wall-paintings-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 January 2019. “Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings Ailing at World Heritage Centre Site.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/ajanta-cave-wall-paintings-ailing-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 January 2019. “Accurate, Ancient, Artistic Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings to Buddha.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/accurate-ancient-artistic-ajanta-cave.html

Pisani, Ludovico. 6 August 2013. "The Ajanta Cave Paintings." The Global Dispatches > Articles and Culture.
Available @ http://www.theglobaldispatches.com/articles/the-ajanta-cave-paintings

Singh, Rajesh. 2012. An Introduction to the Ajanta Caves: With Examples of Six Caves. Vadodara, India: Hari Sena Press Private Limited.

Singh, Rajesh Kumar. 2017. Ajanta Cave No. 1: Documented According to the Ajanta Corpus of Dieter Schlingloff (Photographic Compendium, Ajanta Narrative Painting). Vadodara, India: Hari Sena Press Private Limited.

Somathilake, Mahinda. June 2013. "Painted Jataka Stories of Ancient Sri Lanka." International Journal of Arts and Commerce 2(6): 139-150.
Available @ https://ijac.org.uk/images/frontImages/gallery/Vol._2_No._6/14.pdf

Spink, Walter M. 2018. Ajanta: History and Development. Volume 1: The End of the Golden Age. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 2 South Asia, Volume 18/1. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers.

Spink, Walter M. 2018. Ajanta: History and Development. Volume 2: Arguments about Ajanta. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 2 South Asia, Volume 18/2. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers.

Spink, Walter M. 2005. Ajanta: History and Development. Volume 3: The Arrival of the Uninvited. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 2 South Asia, Volume 18/3. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers.

Spink, Walter M. 2008. Ajanta: History and Development. Volume 4: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture - Year by Year. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 2 South Asia, Volume 18/4. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers.

Spink, Walter M. 2006. Ajanta: History and Development. Volume 5: Cave by Cave. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 2 South Asia, Volume 18/5. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers.

Spink, Walter. 2017. Ajanta: History and Development. Volume 7: Bagh, Dandin, Cells and Cell Doorways. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 2 South Asia, Volume 18/7. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers.

Spink, Walter M; and Naomichi Yaguchi. 2014. Ajanta: History and Development. Volume 6: Defining Features. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 2 South Asia, Volume 18/6. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers.

Uno, Tomoko; and Yoshiko Shimazdu. "Thermal Environment in Ajanta Caves." Archi-Cultural Translations through the Silk Road: 2nd International Conference, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan, July 14-16, 2012, Proceedings.
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