Maudgalyayana Aims Psychic Powers at Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill

Summary: Maudgalyayana perhaps aims psychic powers from abodes in Buddhist heaven, through his relics, at audiences appreciating Buddhist monuments on Sanchi Hill.

Young #Prince Rahula prompted by his #mother to ask for his inheritance, left behind by the #Buddha after His #renunciation.https://t.co/aRfjHTBeAY#motherson #historicalevent #storytelling #buddhasteachings pic.twitter.com/0RIe0MjU8j

— Tsem Tulku Rinpoche (@tsemtulku) June 4, 2020

Young Prince Rahula, age 7, asks for his inheritance from Gautama Buddha, his father; the Buddha, by subsequently requesting Venerable Shariputra's ordination of Prince Rahula, gives a better spiritual inheritance than that requested by his son: Tsem Tulku Rinpoche @tsemtulku, via Twitter June 4, 2020

Maudgalyayana perhaps aims psychic powers from abodes in Buddhist heaven, through his relics, at audiences appreciating Buddhist monuments on Sanchi Hill in the central Raisen District, central Madhya Pradesh state, north-central India.

Synchronicity with best friend forever Upatishya (from Sanskrit उप, “[born] under” and तिष्य, “[the lunar asterism] Tishya [in Cancer]”) brought Maudgalyayana to Buddhist behaviors and beliefs. Converting to Buddhism (from Sanskrit बुद्ध, “awakened”) as a Brahmin (from Sanskrit ब्राह्, “holy”) spiritual wanderer culled a new name and new or dormant psychic powers. Kolita and Upatishya respectively developed into Maudgalyayana (from Sanskrit मौद्गलि, “crow”) and Shariputra (from Sanskrit शारि, “[mother] Shari[‘s]” and पुत्र, “[her] son”) upon their monastic ordinations.

Maudgalyayana entered as shrotapanna (from Sanskrit स्रोत, “stream” and आपन्न, “entered”) and established himself as arhat (from Sanskrit अर्हत्, “worthy”) and second-highest disciple within seven days.

Same birthdays and seven generations of close-knit, neighboring families favored lifelong friendship, furthered by 45-year-long foremost Buddhist discipleship, between blue- or dark-skinned Maudgalyayana and golden-complected Shariputra.

Agnostic shramana (from Sanskrit श्रमण, “ascetic”) Sanjaya Vairatiputra (from Sanskrit संजय, “victory”; वैराटी, “Vairati [clan’s]”; and पुत्र, “child”) guided both spiritual wanderers until Shariputra gleaned causation. Ashvajit (from Sanskrit अश्व, “horse” and जित्, “winning”), among the first five Buddhist disciples, hailed halting and helping causation as respectively hindering and hurrying unenlightened rebirths. Siddhartha Gautama (from Sanskrit सिद्धार्थ, “successful” and गौतम, “light[ened] darkness”), as Shakyamuni (from Sanskrit शक्य, “capable” and मुनि, “sage”) Buddha, initiated 502 monks in one day.

Five hundred fellow agnostic journeyers under Sanjaya Vairatiputra joined Buddhist sangha (from Sanskrit संघ, “multitude”) communities as simultaneously shrotapanna and arhat members 14 days before Shariputra.

Psychic powers and wisdom respectively kindled Shakyamuni Buddha keeping Maudgalyayana and Shariputra as respective secondmost and firstmost chief disciples respectively on his left and right sides.

Maudgalyayana and Shariputra during previous lives in central India lauded Anavamadarshin (from Sanskrit अनवम, “exalted” and दर्शिन्, “understanding”) Buddha as 10th of 27 before Shayamuni Buddha. They moved through many subsequent lives with memories maintaining Anavamadarshin Buddha’s promise to make them chief disciples of the 28th Buddha, Shakyamuni Buddha (624 BCE?-544 BCE?). Navigating pre-enlightenment and shrotapanna versus second through fourth sakridagamin (from Sanskrit सकृदागामिन्, “once-returning [once-rebirthing]”), anagamin (from Sanskrit अनागामिन्, “non-returning”) and arhat necessitated wisdom versus psychic powers.

Shakyamuni Buddha’s brother-in-law, cousin and monk Devadatta (from Sanskrit देवदत्त, “god-given”) almost obliterated Buddhist communities until the latter’s supporters observed the truth through Maudgalyayana’s psychic powers.

Meditation, psychic and teaching powers permitted Maudgalyayana to place his merit over his mother’s greedy, slanderous demerits and thereby purge her forever from Hungry Ghost Hell.

Maudgalyayana quit earthly life most brutally outnumbered for seven days by quarrelsome robbers in the Kalasila (from Sanskrit काल, “black” and शिला, “stone”) Cave outside Rajagriha. Shakyamuni Buddha revealed that Maudgalyayana in a previous life respected his blind parents until his wife refashioned him for father-, mother-killing parricide (from Latin parricīda, “parent-killing”). Perhaps a special stupa (from Sanskrit स्तूप, “heap”) at Venuvana (from Sanskrit वेणु, “bamboo” and वन, “forest”) grove, Shakyamuni Buddha’s shelter in Rajagriha, stored Maudgalyayana relics.

Perhaps twenty-first-century spiritual trekkers think upon the tremendous psychic powers transmitted since 1952 by Maudgalyayana relics in the Chetiyagiri Vihara amid Buddhist monuments on Sanchi Hill.

Shunga period Stupa No. 3, Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh state, central India; Thursday, Feb. 21, 2013, 12:52: Biswarup Ganguly, CC BY 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Young Prince Rahula, age 7, asks for his inheritance from Gautama Buddha, his father; the Buddha, by subsequently requesting Venerable Shariputra's ordination of Prince Rahula, gives a better spiritual inheritance than that requested by his son: Tsem Tulku Rinpoche @tsemtulku, via Twitter June 4, 2020, @ https://twitter.com/tsemtulku/status/1268629265664204800

Shunga period Stupa No. 3, Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh state, central India; Thursday, Feb. 21, 2013, 12:52: Biswarup Ganguly, CC BY 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stupa_3_-_Sanchi_Hill_2013-02-21_4268.JPG

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Quetico Provincial Park Is Now Ontario's First Dark Sky Park

Summary: Quetico Provincial Park is now Ontario's first Dark Sky Park, according to the International Dark-Sky Association's Facebook post Feb. 23, 2021.

Quetico Provincial Park's shared Canadian-U.S. borders with northeastern Minnesota's Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW) place Ontario's first Wilderness Class Park in the Boundary Waters region, also known as Quetico-Superior Country: International Dark-Sky Association @IDAdarksky, via Facebook Tuesday, Feb. 23, 2021

Quetico Provincial Park is now Ontario's first Dark Sky Park, according to the International Dark-Sky Association's (IDA) Facebook post on Tuesday, Feb. 23, 2021.

The Tucson, Arizona-based nonprofit organization announced the addition of Quetico Provincial Park to its website's list of Dark Sky Places via a press release, "Quetico Provincial Park Awarded International Dark Sky Park Designation," dated Feb, 23, 2021.

Quetico Provincial Park encompasses 4,719 square kilometers (471,942 hectares) in Central Canada's secondary region of Northwestern Ontario, according to the park's website. The park's International Dark Sky Park application, dated Aug. 19, 2020, describes its location as lying with the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Forest Region, which spans southeastern Manitoba to southeastern Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula (6.0 Park Resources and Significance: Natural Resources: Life Science, page 12). The park's location places it in a transition zone between boreal forests to the north, mixed forests to the south and Great Plains forests to the southwest and west.

Quetico Provincial Park's International Dark Sky Park application describes the landscape as ". . . rugged Canadian Shield speckled with over 2900 lakes . . ." (2.0 Park Location and General Description, page 4). Abundant waterways occupy over 21 percent of the park's surface. The Canadian Shield, also known as the Laurentian Plateau, stretches across central and eastern Canada, from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean, as exposed igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks dating from the Precambrian Period's span of 4.6 billion years ago (gigaannum; Ga) to about 541 million years ago (megaannum; Ma).

In its reach to the Canadian-United States international border, the park's southern boundary touches the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW) of northeastern Minnesota's Superior National Forest. This area of shared border is known as the Boundary Waters and also as Quetico-Superior Country.

Quetico was established as Quetico Forest and Game Reserve in 1909. In 1913, it became Quetico Provincial Park. In 1977, Quetico Provincial Park was designated as a Wilderness Class Park.

The Wilderness Class Park designation applies to eight parks within the Ontario Parks system. Quetico Provincial Park shares the rare designation with Kesagami Provincial Park and Lady Evelyn-Smoothwater Provincial Park in Northeastern Ontario; Killarney Provincial Park in Southern Ontario's Central Ontario region; and Northwestern Ontario's Opasquia Provincial Park, Polar Bear Provincial Park, Wabakimi Provincial Park and Woodland Caribou Provincial Park. Ontario Parks operates as a branch administered by the Ministry of Environment, Conservation, and Parks. As of Dec. 23, 2020, the Ontario Parks system comprises 343 provincial parks, according to Ontario Regulation 316/07, Designation and Classification of Provincial Parks, of the Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves Act, 2006.

The park's vastness is accessed by six staffed entry stations on the periphery. Road accessible stations occur at Atikokan in the north, Dawson Trail in the northeast and Lac La Croix in the west-northwest. Entry stations at Prairie Portage in the southeast, Beaverhouse in the northwest and Cache Bay in the south are only accessible by canoe. The park's International Dark Sky application notes the uniqueness of Quetico's canoe access in the Ontario Parks system. Permit pickups at Prairie Portage and Cache Bay stations account for over half of the park's backcountry visitors (3.0 Park AccessBackcountry, page 5).

Quetico Provincial Park offers clear views of the night sky,'s natural attractions, including the Aurora Borealis and the Milky Way. Among outreach activities available at the park is an annual program conducted at the Dawson Trail Campgrounds by the Thunder Bay Chapter of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada (RASC) during the Perseid Meteor Shower's peak. Chapter volunteers give lectures and allow visitors' unparalleled views via the Chapter's high-quality telescopes. The Perseids occur as a prolific shower between mid-July and late August and peak around Aug. 12.

The IDA's announcement of Quetico Provincial Park's Dark Sky Park status noted that the park now numbers as the third provincial park in Ontario to receive a Dark Sky designation since 2018. The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada designed Killarney Provincial Park, which is also a Wilderness Class Park, as a Dark Sky Preserve on Feb. 28, 2018. On July 17, 2018, the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada recognized Lake Superior Provincial Park as a Dark Sky Preserve.

The takeaways for Quetico Provincial Park as Ontario's first Dark Sky Park are that the Wilderness Class Park received its Dark Sky Park designation on Feb. 23, 2021, six months the park's Aug. 19, 2020, application; that night sky viewing opportunities at Quetico Provincial Park include an annual August outreach by Royal Astronomical Society of Canada's Thunder Bay Chapter during the Perseid Meteor Shower's peak; and that Quetico Provincial Park joins Killarney Provincial Park and Lake Superior Provincial Park, recognized as Dark Sky Preserves by the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada in 2018, as Ontario's third Dark Sky designated park.

Contact details:
Quetico Provincial Park
108 Saturn Avenue
Box 2430
Atikokan, Ontario
P0T 1C0
Canada

Direct questions to: 807-597-2735

website: https://www.ontarioparks.com/park/quetico

Northwestern Ontario's Quetico Provincial Park offers clear night viewing of natural attractions, such as the Aurora Borealis: Quetico Provincial Park @QueticoPP, via Facebook Aug. 6, 2019

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Quetico Provincial Park's shared Canadian-U.S. borders with northeastern Minnesota's Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW) place Ontario's first Wilderness Class Park in the Boundary Waters region, also known as Quetico-Superior Country: International Dark-Sky Association @IDAdarksky, via Facebook Tuesday, Feb. 23, 2021, @ https://www.facebook.com/IDAdarksky/posts/10164717603875401

Northwestern Ontario's Quetico Provincial Park offers clear night viewing of natural attractions, such as the Aurora Borealis: Quetico Provincial Park @QueticoPP, via Facebook Aug. 6, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/QueticoPP/posts/1263102273851767?__tn__=-R

For further information:

Government of Ontario. "O. Reg. 316/07: Designation and Classification of Provincial Parks Under Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves Act, 2006, S.O. 2006, c. 12." Consolidation Period: From December 23, 2020 to the e-Laws currency date.
Available @ https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/070316

The International Dark-Sky Association. Fighting Light Pollution: Smart Lighting Solutions for Individuals and Communities. Mechanicsburg PA: Stackpole Books, 2012.

International Dark-Sky Association. "Quetico Provincial Park (Canada): About." International Dark-Sky Association > Our Work > Conservation > International Dark Sky Places > International Dark Sky Parks > Quetico Provincial Park (Canada).
Available @ https://www.darksky.org/our-work/conservation/idsp/parks/quetico-provincial-park-canada/

International Dark-Sky Association @IDAdarksky. "Fantastic news! Quetico Provincial Park is now an International Dark Sky Park! This is an important stride in creating an internationally significant area of pristine protected night skies in Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Minnesota. Read all about it here: https://bit.ly/3qNllxU." Facebook. Tuesday, Feb. 23, 2021.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/IDAdarksky/posts/10164717603875401

Marriner, Derdriu. "2017 Big Cypress National Preserve Night Sky Outing, Saturday, March 25." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, March 22, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/03/2017-big-cypress-national-preserve.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Australia and Eurasia Have 11 International Dark Sky Parks for Starers." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Nov. 16, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/australia-and-eurasia-have-11.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Gabriela Mistral Dark Sky Sanctuary Marks First IDSS Anniversary.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Aug. 3, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/08/gabriela-mistral-dark-sky-sanctuary.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "International Dark Sky Week 2018 Begins Sunday, April 15." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, April 11, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/international-dark-sky-week-2018-begins.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Star-Filled Four Corners States Claim 16 International Dark Sky Parks." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Nov. 9, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/star-filled-four-corners-states-claim.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Stephen C. Foster State Park Offers Darkened Southern Georgia Skies." Earth and Space News. Wedneday, March 29, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/03/stephen-c-foster-state-park-offers.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "United States Has 30 International Dark Sky Parks as of October 2016." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Nov. 2, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/united-states-has-30-international-dark.html

Morin, Will; and Bruce Waters. "Stories in the Stars / Pride in Our Hearts." Ontario Parks > Parks Blog. Aug. 16, 2019.
Available @ https://www.ontarioparks.com/parksblog/indigenous-astronomy/

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Ontario Parks. "Quetico Provincial Park Management Plan (Published 2018)."
Available @ https://www.ontario.ca/page/quetico-provincial-park-management-plan-published-2018

Ontario Parks. "Kesagami Provincial Park Management Statement." Government of Ontario > Travel and Recreation > Parks and protected areas > Provincial park management direction. April 15, 1998. Published online Jan. 11, 2017. Updated Oct. 3, 2019.
Available @ https://www.ontario.ca/page/kesagami-provincial-park-management-statement

Ontario Parks Blog. "The Killarney Provincial Park Dark Sky Preserve." Ontario Parks > Parks Blog. July 6, 2019.
Available @ https://www.ontarioparks.com/parksblog/killarney-dark-sky-preserve/

Ontario Parks Blog. "The Lake Superior Provincial Park Dark Sky Preserve." Ontario Parks > Parks Blog. July 6, 2019.
Available @ https://www.ontarioparks.com/parksblog/lake-superior-dark-sky-preserve/

Ontario Parks Blog. "Quetico: an International Dark Sky Park." Ontario Parks > Parks Blog. Feb. 23, 2021.
Available @ http://www.ontarioparks.com/parksblog/quetico-international-dark-sky-park/

Ontario Parks Quetico Provincial Park. "Application for International Dark SkyPark Designation." Aug. 19, 2020.
Available @ https://darksky.app.box.com/s/fvgf3ghzmscz8508d8vx3xuhjiz9jvwm/file/763006542386

Quetico Provincial Park @QueticoPP. "It’s time we learn the astronomical traditions of the diverse Indigenous cultures in the Americas. Connecting to the stories of those people who lived in Ontario long before colonization, the Indigenous peoples, is an act of shifting perspective and respect. We owe it to ourselves as well as to those who were here before us to learn these stories." Facebook. Aug. 28, 2019.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/QueticoPP/posts/1273298422832152

Quetico Provincial Park @QueticoPP. "Quetico Provincial Park is pleased to announce that it has been designated as an International Dark Sky Park by the International Dark-Sky Association. This international partnership with Heart of the Continent, Voyageurs National Park & the BWCA protects pristine night skies in NW Ontario & NE Minnesota." Facebook. Feb. 23, 2021.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/QueticoPP/posts/1750308561797800?__tn__=-R

Quetico Provincial Park @QueticoPP. "What's better than an Aurora? An Aurora with a Meteor Shower!! Be sure you join us and the The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada this weekend for the Perseid Meteor Shower. See our events page for details. Photos of aurora borealis by our Assistant Biologist Jared Stachiw from this past weekend at French Lake." Facebook. Aug. 6, 2019.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/QueticoPP/posts/1263102273851767?__tn__=-R

Quetico Superior Foundation. "Quetico Superior Boundary Waters Canoe Area Timeline."
Available @ https://queticosuperior.org/historical-timeline/

Christmas Carolers Are Three Voices Short in A Puzzle in a Pear Tree

Summary: Christmas carolers in the Bakerhaven band are three voices short in A Puzzle in a Pear Tree, 2nd mystery in the Puzzle Lady series by Parnell Hall.

Bakerhaven Village Green accommodates a live Nativity each year. The living tradition anchors in the first Nativity arranged by St. Francis of Assisi (Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, 1181/1182?-Oct. 3, 1226) in 1223 and the first painting of the Nativity by Giotto di Bondone (1267–Jan. 8, 1337) in 1295: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Christmas carolers in the Bakerhaven band are three voices short in A Puzzle in a Pear Tree, 2nd mystery in the Puzzle Lady series by Parnell Hall (Oct. 31, 1934-Dec. 15, 2020).

A caroling band, a Christmas pageant, a live Nativity and a Russian play bring cast and crewmen and town residents to Bakerhaven High and Main Street. Music teacher Hodges, Broadway director Rupert Winston, art teacher Charlie Ferric and drama teacher Erskine chose and coaxed band, pageant, Nativity and play cast and crew. Lords a-leaping such as crossword-puzzle constructor Harvey Beerbaum and maids a-milking such as puzzle lady Cora Felton and librarian Edith Potter draw band and pageant membership.

Attorney Becky Baldwin, Cora's niece Sherry Carter and Bakerhaven Gazette reporter Aaron Grant embrace solo, ladies dancing and drummers drumming leads and three Nativity roles daily.

Bakerhaven High School senior Alfred Adams and teacher Jesse Virdon function as scene painter, set designer, stage manager and technical director and light-man and as Joseph.

Maxine Doddsworth and Dorrie Taggart garner bit and lead roles in Bakerhaven High’s The Seagull by Anton Chekhov (Jan. 29, 1860-July 15, 1904) and as Mary. The Nativity and the pageant have Bakerhaven High senor Lance Ridgewood as Joseph and Dick Larson and Edith Potter’s son Jimmy as drummer and pear-tree holder. Wendy Brill, as Bakerhaven High School student, and Mabel Cunningham inhabit the girls’ dressing room in Bakerhaven High School as costume assistant and costume mistress, respectively.

One death at Bakerhaven High, another downtown, another in residential Bakerhaven jeopardize three carolers jubilating with the Christmas band in A Puzzle in a Pear Tree.

The live Nativity on Village Green keeps downtown Bakerhaven kinetic with visitors such as Carl Perkins, wife Nancy and sons Jed and Randy of Greenwich, Connecticut.

Reverend Kimble leads Bakerhaven Congregational Church, whose organ loft’s front-wall window looks down upon the live Nativity 10 to 20 yards (9.14 to 18.29 meters) away. Menacing acrostic puzzles and moving sandbags mean that Bakerhaven Police Chief Dale Harper makes Police Officers Sam Brogan and Dan Finley monitor Becky, Cora and Sherry. A dart nursing curare, a noose around a bludgeoned victim’s neck and a cup nursing cyanide necessitate Emergency Medical Services and Medical Examiner Dr. Barney Nathan.

Three deaths occasion five openings in Christmas pageants and live Nativities and three carolers short in the Christmas band in A Puzzle in a Pear Tree.

Jerry Lynch, as Surf & Sun motel-keeper in New Jersey and then in Bakerhaven, puts Cora in unit 7 and Jonathon Doddsworth III in unit 12.

Cora qualifies as quick check-in, quick check-out since she quests information about the Scotland Yard investigator's Bakerhaven investigations from his unit and quickly quits her unit. Cora retains Becky at $10,000 to represent the Nativity murder suspect against County Prosecutor Henry Firth in arraignment proceedings under Judge Hobbs at Bakerhaven County Courthouse. She seeks crime-solving support at the Doddsworth and the Taggart residences of Jonathon’s ex-wife Pamela and daughter Max and of Horace, Mindy and their daughter Dorris.

Cora tells Channel 8 on-camera reporter Rick Reed nothing about three deaths truncating the Christmas band by three carolers in A Puzzle in a Pear Tree.

Bakerhaven High School achieves two productions for the Christmas season: The Seagull by Anton Chekhov (Jan. 29, 1860-July 15, 1904) and The Twelve Days of Christmas. Its art teacher angles some actors from the former and some from the latter for the live Nativity on Bakerhaven Village Green. One student, as daughter of perhaps the town's richest, wealthiest family, appears in two acclaimed roles, as Mary in the live Nativity and Nina in The Seagull; Anton Chekhov reads The Seagull to Moscow Art Theatre members, including (to Chekhov's right) founder Konstantin Stanislavski and Olga Knipper (Chekhov's wife) and (to Chekhov's left) Stanislavski's wife, Maria Petrovna Alexeyeva (stage name: Maria Lilina), in 1898 photograph by Petr Petrovich Pavlov (1860-1925): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Bakerhaven Village Green accommodates a live Nativity each year. The living tradition anchors in the first Nativity arranged by St. Francis of Assisi (Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, 1181/1182?-Oct. 3, 1226) in 1223 and the first painting of the Nativity by Giotto di Bondone (1267–Jan. 8, 1337) in 1295: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Giotto_-_Legend_of_St_Francis_-_-13-_-_Institution_of_the_Crib_at_Greccio.jpg

Bakerhaven High School achieves two productions for the Christmas season: The Seagull by Anton Chekhov (Jan. 29, 1860-July 15, 1904) and The Twelve Days of Christmas. Its art teacher angles some actors from the former and some from the latter for the live Nativity on Bakerhaven Village Green. One student, as daughter of perhaps the town's richest, wealthiest family, appears in two acclaimed roles, as Mary in the live Nativity and Nina in The Seagull; Anton Chekhov reads The Seagull to Moscow Art Theatre members, including (to Chekhov's right) founder Konstantin Stanislavski and Olga Knipper (Chekhov's wife) and (to Chekhov's left) Stanislavski's wife, Maria Petrovna Alexeyeva (stage name: Maria Lilina), in 1898 photograph by Petr Petrovich Pavlov (1860-1925): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anton_Chekhov_reads_The_Seagull.jpg

For further information:

Corcoran, Vanessa. 18 December 2019. "How St. Francis created the Nativity scene, with a miraculous event in 1223." The Conversation > Ethics + Religion.
Available @ https://theconversation.com/how-st-francis-created-the-nativity-scene-with-a-miraculous-event-in-1223-124742

Hall, Parnell. 2019. Lights! Camera! Puzzles! New York NY; London UK: Pegasus Crime.

Hall, Parnell. 2018. The Purloined Puzzle. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2017. A Puzzle To Be Named Later. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2016. Presumed Puzzled. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2015. Puzzled Indemnity. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2014. NYPD Puzzle. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2013. Arsenic and Old Puzzles. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2012. $10,000 in Small, Unmarked Puzzles. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2011. The Kenken Killings. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2010. The Puzzle Lady vs. The Sudoku Lady. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2009. Dead Man's Puzzle. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book for Minotaur Books, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2008. The Sudoku Puzzle Murders. New York NY: Thomas Dunne Books St. Martin's Minotaur, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2006. You Have the Right to Remain Puzzled. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2005. Stalking the Puzzle Lady. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2004. And a Puzzle to Die On. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2003. With This Puzzle, I Thee Kill. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2002. A Puzzle in a Pear Tree. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2001. Puzzled to Death. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2000. Last Puzzle & Testament. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 1999. A Clue for the Puzzle Lady. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 February 2021. "A Puzzle in a Pear Tree Alters a Christmas Pageant and a Live Nativity." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/a-puzzle-in-pear-tree-alters-christmas.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2021. "Tristate Access Adds a Broadway Director to A Puzzle in a Pear Tree." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/tristate-access-adds-broadway-director.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 February 2021. "Attorney Becky Baldwin Maybe Aces New York Lawyers in Puzzled to Death." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/attorney-becky-baldwin-maybe-aces-new.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 February 2021. "Perhaps Fun Night Attendees Ate All Free Desserts in Puzzled to Death." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/perhaps-fun-night-attendees-ate-all.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 January 2021. "New Yorkers Adapt to Less Light and More Parking in Puzzled to Death." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/new-yorkers-adapt-to-less-light-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 January 2021. "Fifteen Million Dollars Avenge Old Wrongs in Last Puzzle and Testament." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/fifteen-million-dollars-avenge-old.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 January 2021. "Chicken Soup Awes All But Appears Nowhere in Last Puzzle and Testament." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/chicken-soup-awes-all-but-appears.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2021. "Interstate Highways Add More Hurley Heirs to Last Puzzle and Testament." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/interstate-highways-add-more-hurley.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 December 2020. "Bakerhaven Acquaintances Afford A Clue for the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/bakerhaven-acquaintances-afford-clue.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2020. "Bakerhaven Alcohol Acts as A Clue for the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/bakerhaven-alcohol-acts-as-clue-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2020. "An Actual Bakerhaven Map Never Appears as A Clue for the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/an-actual-bakerhaven-map-never-appears.html

"Puzzle Lady." Parnell Hall.com > Books. Website by Kate Anchev/Outbox Online Design Studio.
Available @ http://parnellhall.com/puzzle-lady/

Ernani Opened Jan. 28, 1903, as Eighth Verdi Opera at Met Opera

Summary: Ernani opened Wednesday, Jan. 28, 1903, as the eighth Verdi opera at New York's Metropolitan Opera.

Polish coloratura soprano Marcella Sembrich originated the Met Opera role of Ernani's Elvira in the opera house's eighth Verdi premiere, Jan. 28, 1903: The Sembrich @TheSembrich, via Facebook March 19, 2015

Ernani opened Wednesday, Jan. 28, 1903, as the eighth Verdi premiere staged at New York's Metropolitan Opera.

The dramma lirico in quattro atti (lyrical drama in four acts) by Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901) received four performances, sung in Italian, in the Metropolitan Opera's 1902-1903 season. The Metropolitan Opera House was the venue for the Wednesday, Jan. 28, premiere as well as the second (Monday, Feb. 2) and fourth, closing (Saturday, Feb. 21) performances.

Luigi Mancinelli (Feb. 5, 1848-Feb. 2, 1921) conducted the premiere, second and fourth, closing performances. The Italian conductor, cellist and composer had made his Met Opera debut Monday, Nov. 27, 1893, in the opera house's 50th performance of Faust by French composer Charles-François Gounod (June 17, 1818-Oct. 18, 1893).

Maestro Mancinelli shared the conductor's baton with Philippe Flon (Feb. 21, 1861-March 1923), who conducted the third (Tuesday, Feb. 10) performance. The Bruxelles-born composer and conductor had made his Met Opera debut Friday, Nov. 23, 1900, in the opera house's 83rd performance of Les Huguenots by German Jewish opera composer Giacomo Meyerbeer (Sept. 5, 1791-May 2, 1864).

Emilio De Marchi (Jan. 6, 1861-March 20, 1917) appeared in all four performances in the title role of bandit Ernani, who is really Don Juan of Aragon, deprived of his title and wealth during a civil war. The Italian operatic tenor had made his Met Opera debut Friday, Oct. 18, 1901, as Radamès in the opera house's 62nd performance of Verdi's Aida.

Marcella Sembrich (Feb. 15, 1858-Jan. 11, 1935) appeared in all four performances as Elvira, who reciprocates Ernani's love but who also is troubled by matrimonial offers from her uncle, Don Ruy Gómez de Silva, and Don Carlo, King of Spain. The Polish coloratura soprano had made her Met Opera debut Wednesday, Oct. 24, 1883, in the title role in the opera house's first season premiere, Lucia di Lammermoor by Italian opera composer Gaetano Donizetti (Nov. 29, 1797-April 8, 1848).

Antonio Scotti (Jan. 25, 1866-Feb. 26, 1936) appeared in all four performances as Don Carlo, King of Spain, who is elected Holy Roman Emperor in the third act. The Italian baritone had made his Met Opera debut Wednesday, Nov. 15, 1899, as the Count de Nevers in the opera house's 78th performance of Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots.

Edouard (Édouard) de Reszke (Dec. 22, 1853-May 25, 1917) appeared in all four performances as Don Ruy Gomez de Silva, Elvira's unscrupulous uncle, who eliminates his rival, Elvira's beloved Ernani, by tragically extracting a fatal promise. The Polish bass had made his Met Opera debut Monday, Nov. 9, 1891, as King Heinrich in the opera house's 65th performance of Lohengrin by German Romantic era composer-librettist Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813-Feb. 13, 1883).

Mathilde Bauermeister (1849-Oct. 15, 1926) appeared in all four performances as Elvira's nurse, Giovanna. The German, later British, soprano had made her Met Opera debut Wednesday, Nov. 11, 1891, as Amore in the opera house's second performance of Orfeo ed Euridice by German classical composer Christoph von Gluck (July 2, 1714-Nov. 15, 1787).

Roberto Vanni (1860-1943) appeared in all four performances as Don Riccardo, King Carlo's squire. The Italian tenor had made his Met Opera debut Wednesday, Nov. 21, 1894, as the Fisherman in the opera house's 12th performance of Guillaume Tell by Italian composer Gioachino Rossini (Feb. 29, 1792-Nov. 13, 1868).

Bernard Bégué appeared in all four performances as Jago, Silva's squire. The French baritone had made his Met Opera debut Monday, Nov. 24, 1902, as the Herald in the opera house's 20th performance of Verdi's Otello.

Fernand Almanz directed the Metropolitan Opera's eighth Verdi opera. The French stage director and manager had made his Met Opera debut Monday, Nov. 24, 1902, in the opera house's 20th performance of Verdi's Otello.

With its Jan. 28, 1903, premiere, Ernani became the eighth Verdi opera in Met Opera's repertoire. Its predecessors were Il Trovatore (Friday, Oct. 26, 1883); La Traviata (Monday, Nov. 5, 1883); Rigoletto (Friday, Nov. 16, 1883); Aida (Friday, Nov. 12, 1886); Un Ballo in Maschera (Wednesday, Dec. 11, 1889); Otello (Saturday, Nov. 23, 1891); and Falstaff (Monday, Feb. 4, 1895).

The takeaways for Ernani as the eighth Met Opera Verdi premiere are that eight Verdi premieres took place within the Metropolitan Opera's first 12 seasons; that the tragic opera received four performances in its premiere season; and that Emilio De Marchi and Marcella Sembrich originated the opera house's roles of ill-fated lovers Ernani and Elvira, respectively.

Edouard (Édouard) de Reszke sang Don Ruy Gomez de Silva, Elvira's unscrupulous uncle; portrait of Édouard de Reszke in The Marie Burroughs Art Portfolio of Stage Celebrities (1894): Public Domain, via Internet Archive

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Polish coloratura soprano Marcella Sembrich originated the Met Opera role of Ernani's Elvira in the opera house's eighth Verdi premiere, Jan. 28, 1903: The Sembrich @TheSembrich, via Facebook March 19, 2015, @ https://www.facebook.com/TheSembrich/photos/p.811634498902076/811634498902076/

Edouard (Édouard) de Reszke sang Don Ruy Gomez de Silva, Elvira's unscrupulous uncle; portrait of Édouard de Reszke in The Marie Burroughs Art Portfolio of Stage Celebrities (1894): Public Domain, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/marieburroughsar00chic/page/n231/mode/1up

For further information:

Arakelyan, Ashot. "Emilio De Marchi (Tenor) (Voghera 1861 – Milan 1917)." Forgotten Opera Singers. March 30, 2015.
Available @ https://forgottenoperasingers.blogspot.com/2015/03/emilio-de-marchi-tenor-voghera-1861.html

Arakelyan, Ashot. "Roberto Vanni (Tenor) (Milan 1861 – ? 1941)." Forgotten Opera Singers. May 22, 2012.
Available @ http://forgottenoperasingers.blogspot.com/2012/05/roberto-vanni-tenor-milan-1861-1941.html

"Debut: Antonio Scotti." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 22450 Les Huguenots {78} Chicago, Illinois: 11/15/1899.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=22450

"Debut: Bernard Bégué, Fernand Almanz." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 30000 Otello {20} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/24/1902.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=30000

"Debut: Emilio de Marchi." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 27640 Aida {62} Buffalo, New York: 10/18/1901.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=27640

"Debut: Jean de Reszke, Emma Eames, Giulia Ravogli, Antonio Magini-Coletti, Edouard de Reszke, Enrico Serbolini." MetOpera Datase > [Met Performance] CID: 10000 Lohengrin {65} Chicago, Illinois: 11/09/1891.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=10000

"Debut: Libia Drog, Francesco Tamagno, Roberto Vanni, Maria Giuri, Miss Ryan." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 13380 New production Guillaume Tell [William Tell] {12} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/21/1894.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=13380

"Debut: Olimpia Guercia, Luigi Mancinelli, Armand Castelmary." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 11500 New production Faust {50} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/27/1893. (Opening Night {10} Abbey, Schoeffel & Grau, General Managers.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=11500

"Debut: Philippe Flon." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 25150 Les Huguenots {83} San Francisco, California: 11/23/1900.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=25150

"Debut: Sofia Ravogli, Mathilde Bauermeister, Rebecca Salmoiraghi." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 10010 Orfeo ed Euridice {2} Chicago, Illinois: 11/11/1891.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=10010

"Debuts: Marcella Sembrich, Giuseppe Kaschmann, Achille Augier, Amadeo Grazzi, Imogene Forti, Vincenzo Fornaris." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 1010 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Lucia di Lammermoor {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 10/24/1883.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=1010

The Marie Burroughs Art Portfolio of Stage Celebrities. A Collection of Photographs of the Leaders of Dramatic and Lyric Art. Chicago : A.N. Marquis & Company, 1894.
Available via HathiTrust @ https://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101073370700
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/marieburroughsar00chic/

Marriner, Derdriu. "Manru Opened Feb. 14, 1902, as First Polish Opera Staged at Met Opera." Earth and Space News. Monday, Feb. 22, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/manru-opened-feb-14-1902-as-first.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Marcella Sembrich Made Last Met Opera Appearance Feb. 6, 1909." Earth and Space News. Monday, Feb. 15, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/marcella-sembrich-made-last-met-opera.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Marcella Sembrich Sang Mozart's Susanna as Last Met Role Feb. 4, 1909." Earth and Space News. Monday, Feb. 8, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/marcella-sembrich-sang-mozarts-susanna.html

May, Thomas. "Program Note." The Metropolitan Opera 2011-12 Season Giuseppe Verdi's Ernani: 35-37.
Available @ https://www.metopera.org/globalassets/user-information/nightly-opera-streams/week-11/playbills/feb-25-ernani.pdf

"Metropolitan Opera Premiere Ernani." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 30710 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Ernani {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/28/1903.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=30710

Music History @today_classical. "#Today in 1917 Death of #tenor Emilio De #Marchi #MusicHistory #classicalmusic." Twitter. March 20, 2016.
Available @ https://twitter.com/today_classical/status/711496281038917632

Owen, H. (Henry) Goddard. A Recollection of Marcella Sembrich. First edition. Bolton Landing NY: Marcella Sembrich Memorial Association: Jan. 1, 1950.

Owen, H. (Henry) Goddard; and Philip Lieson Miller. A Recollection of Marcella Sembrich, With a New Introduction. Da Capo Press Series in Architecture and Decorative Art. New York NY: Da Capo Press, April 21, 1982.

Rous, Samuel Holland. The Victrola Book of the Opera: Stories of One Hundred and Twenty Operas With Seven-Hundred Illustrations and Descriptions of Twelve-Hundred Victor Opera Records. Fourth revised edition. Camden NJ: Victor Talking Machine Company, 1917.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/victrolabookofop00vict

The Sembrich @TheSembrich. "Marcella Sembrich as Elvira in ERNANI!" Facebook. March 19, 2015.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/TheSembrich/photos/p.811634498902076/811634498902076/