Earth and Space News

Saturday, April 4, 2020

Ulua Hawaiian Giant Trevallies Assert Five-0's A 'Ohe Ia E Loa'a Aku

Summary: Ulua Hawaiian giant trevallies are elusive apex predators on Hawaii Five-0's A 'Ohe Ia E Loa'a Aku, He Ulua Kapapa No Ka Moana April 3, 2020.

Head-on image of ulua Hawaiian giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis) shows ovate, compressed shape characteristic of the species; Northwest Hawaiian islands; September 2004: Dr. Dwayne Meadows, NOAA / NMFS / OPR, via NOAA Photo Library

Ulua Hawaiian giant trevallies are escape artists off and on Hawaii Five-0 police procedural drama 10th-season, 21st-episode A 'Ohe Ia E Loa'a Aku, He Ulua Kapapa No Ka Moana April 3, 2020.

Director Duane Clark and writers Peter Lenkov, Matt Wheeler and David Wolkove bet "He cannot be caught for he is an ulua fish of the deep ocean." Ulua Hawaiian giant trevallies cluster in the same spawning aggregation bays and reefs to correlate egg and larval stages with pelagic (from Latin pelagicus, "open-sea") waters. Egg-shaped, semi-compressed bodies, upper profiles more convex (from Latin convexus, "downward-sloping") than lower, develop in brackish, low-salt, shallow, turbid bays, coastal lakes, lagoons and upper-reach rivers.

Ulua Hawaiian giant trevallies exhibit eight-spined first-part and one-spined, 18 to 21 soft-rayed scond-part dorsal fins and two rear-spined, one-spined, 15 to 17 soft-rayed anal fins.

Ulua Hawaiian giant trevallys, featured scientifically by Peter Forsskål (Jan. 11, 1732-July 11, 1763), flourishes shiny tail scutes, strongly forked caudal fins and steep head profiles.

Ulua Hawaiian giant trevallies, grouped as Caranx ignobilis (from French carangue, Caribbean fish, and Latin ignōbilis, "baseborn, obscure, unknown"), get crescent-shaped pectoral fins surpassing head lengths. Their muscled bodies help them hammer prey, even blacktip reef sharks, into helpless edibles and head speedily away from such predators as sharks and toothed whales. The rear arches of their pronounced lateral lines intersect their 58 to 64-scale curved and 4-scale, 26 to 38-scute straight sections below the second dorsal-fin lobe.

A scaly, small patch on otherwise scale-free chests frontally jostles pelvic fins where ulua Hawaiian giant trevallies juxtapose one spine and 19 to 21 soft rays.

Ulua Hawaiian giant trevallies keep conical, lower-jaw, single-row teeth and larger, outer-band and smaller, inner-band, upper-jaw canine teeth; 20 to 24 gill rakers; and 24 vertebrae.

Ulua Hawaiian giant trevallies look through large, semi-mobile eyes with high ganglion and photoreceptor cell densities, panoramic views and well-developed adopose (from Latin adipōsus, "fatty") eyelids. Three-plus-year old 23.62-inch (60-centimeter) female and male ulua Hawaiian giant trevallies, with black to gray-white fins, manifest respectively black-spotted gray-silver and dusky to jet black bodies. The Carangidae (from French carangue, Caribbean fish, and Greek -ειδής, "-like") jack, pompano and trevally family member nets maximum 66.93-inch (170-centimeter) lengths and 176.37-pound (80-kilogram) weights.

Physically and sexually mature ulua Hawaiian giant trevallies occur in deep waters of large embayments, lower water columns on coral and rocky reefs and offshore atolls.

Ulua Hawaiian giant trevallies as apex predators in schools or solitarily, pursue cephalopods; crustaceans; escape prey from monk seals and sharks; molluscs; small fishes; and terns.

Ulua Hawaiian giant trevallies queue up as singles or in large schools, pairs or small aggregations in water columns or over muddy, rubble or sandy sea floors. They range from the Indian Ocean waters off eastern South Africa to the Pacific Ocean waters northward to Japan, southward to Australia and westward to Japan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature suggests an overall status of least concern for giant trevallies even as ulua Hawaiian giant trevallies suffer from overfishing.

Tackling ulua Hawaiian giant trevallys turns out as traumatic and troublesome as Steve McGarrett (Alex O'Loughlin) taking on traditional enemies, perhaps with ciguatoxins of their own.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

(left to right) Chi McBride (Captain Lou Grover), Ian Anthony Dale (Adam Noshimuri), Scott Caan (Detective Sergeant Danny "Danno" Williams), Alex O'Loughlin (Lieutenant Commander Steven J. "Steve" McGarrett), Meaghan Rath (Officer Tani Rey), Beulah Koale (Officer Junior Reigns): Hawaii Five-0 @HawaiiFive0CBS, via Facebook Feb. 5, 2020, @ https://www.facebook.com/HawaiiFive0CBS/posts/pfbid02i65YwR5K3qeyi8Cq8ZK9p2dmPc7ztQLr7wt8JWXXVuqHdmfLxhuBPwQfU2xGACBrl/

For further information:

"A 'Ohe Ia E Loa'a Aku, He Ulua Kapapa No Ka Moana: He Cannot Be Caught For He Is an Ulua Fish of the Deep Ocean." Hawaii Five-0: The Tenth Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Inc. April 3, 2020.

Allen, Gerald Robert Allen; and D. R. Robertson. 1994. Fishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Honolulu HI: University of Hawaii Press.

Donaldson, Terry J. "Percoidei V (Groupers, Sea Basses, Trevallys, Snappers, Emperors, and Relatives." In: Michael Hutchins, Dennis A. Thoney, Paul V. Loiselle and Neil Schalger, editors. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Second edition. Volume 5, Fishes II: 255-274. Farmington Hills MI: Gale Group, 2003.

Forsskål, Peter. 1775. "Scomber ignobilis." Pages 55-56. In: Niebuhr, Carsten, editor. Descriptiones Animalium Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium; Quae in Itinere Orientali Observavit Petrus Forskål, Prof. Haun. Post Mortem Auctoris Edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Adjuncta est Materia Medica Kahirina atque Tabula Maris Rubri Geographica. Hauniæ: Mölleri, 1775.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2087943

Fricke, Ronald. 30 April 2008. "Authorship, Availability and Validity of Fish Names Described by Peter (Pehr) Forsskål and Johann Christian Fabricius in the 'Descriptiones animalium' by Carsten Niebuhr in 1775 (Pisces)." Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 1: 1-76.
Available @ http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.726.6094&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Friedlander, Alan M.; and Edward E. DeMartini. 5 April 2002. "Contrasts in Density, Size, and Biomass of Reef Fishes between the Northwestern and the Main Hawaiian Islands: The Effects of Fishing Down Apex Predators." Marine Ecology Progress Series 230: 253-264. doi:10.3354/meps230253.
Available @ https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2002/230/m230p253.pdf

"Giant Trevally." Thai National Parks > Species of Thailand > Marine Species > Ray-Finned Fishes. Copyrighted 2020.
Available @ https://www.thainationalparks.com/species/giant-trevally

"Giant Trevally." The Website of Everything > Animals > Fish > Perciformes > Carangidae.
Available @ https://thewebsiteofeverything.com/animals/fish/Perciformes/Carangidae/Caranx-ignobilis

Honebrink, Randy R. October 2000. "A Review of the Biology of the Family Carangidae, with Emphasis on Species Found in Hawaiian Waters." DAR Technical Report 20-01: 1-43. Honolulu HI: Division of Aquatic Resources, Department of Land and Natural Resources.
Available @ https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/dar/files/2015/08/ulua01.pdf

"Interesting Facts about the Giant Trevally (GT)." Alphone Fishing Company > Blog. Copyrighted 2016.
Available @ https://www.alphonsefishingco.com/interesting-facts-giant-trevally/

Luna, Susan M. "Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål, 1775)." In: Froese, R.; and D. Pauly. (Editors). 2019. FishBase.
Available @ https://www.fishbase.in/summary/1895

Major, Peter F. August 1978. "Predator-Prey Interactions in Two Schooling Fishes, Caranx ignobilis and Stolephorus purpureus." Animal Behaviour 26(3): 760-777. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(78)90142-2.
Available @ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0003347278901422?via%3Dihub

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 March 2020. "Hawaiian Bioluminescent Bacteria Assist Five-0's A Gripping Cuttlefish." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/hawaiian-bioluminescent-bacteria-assist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 March 2020. "'A'ali'i Hawaiian Hopseed Bushes Assure Five-0 Home Go the Very Tough." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/aalii-hawaiian-hopseed-bushes-assure.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 March 2020. "Wai'anae Range Loulu Palms Adapt to Five-0's Lost in the Sea Sprays." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/waianae-range-loulu-palms-adapt-to-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 February 2020. "Hawaiian Dust Mites Abide in the Dust of Five-0's Like a Whirlwind." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/hawaiian-dust-mites-abide-in-dust-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2020. "Hawaiian Veiled Lady Mushrooms Abet Or Not Five-0's Man Is a Slave of Love." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/hawaiian-veiled-lady-mushrooms-abet-or.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 February 2020. "He'e Makoko Hawaiian Octopuses Are Like Five-0's He Waha Kou O Ka He'e." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/hee-makoko-hawaiian-octopuses-are-like.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 February 2020. "Yellow Labrador Retrievers Are Like Eddie of Five-0's I Ho'olulu." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/yellow-labrador-retrievers-are-like.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 January 2020. "'Iole Hawaiian Rats Are Not Five-0's Loa'a Pono Ka 'Iole I Ka Punana." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/iole-hawaiian-rats-are-not-five-0s-loaa.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 January 2020. "Hawaiian Kou Trees Actually, Not Symbolically Answer Five-0's Ihea 'Oe." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/hawaiian-kou-trees-actually-not.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2019. "Kauna'oa Hawaiian Worm Shells Affirm Five-0's Ka I Ka 'Ino, No Ka 'Ino." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/kaunaoa-hawaiian-worm-shells-affirm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 December 2019. "Ahinahina Haleakala Silversword Affirms Five-0's O 'Oe, A 'Owau." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/ahinahina-haleakala-silversword-affirms.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 November 2019. "Are Pala'a Hawaiian Lace Ferns Five-0's Trunkless Tree of Kahilikolo?" Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/are-palaa-hawaiian-lace-ferns-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 November 2019. "Broadleaf Aiea Access Bomber Wreckage Unlike Hawaii Five-0's Ne'e Aku." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/broadleaf-aiea-access-bomber-wreckage.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 November 2019. "Hapu'u Pulu Hawaiian Tree Ferns Add DNA Active Before Five-0's Ka 'I'o." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/hapuu-pulu-hawaiian-tree-ferns-add-dna.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 November 2019. "Milo Pacific Rosewood Applies Five-0's All Knowledge to Magnum's Lie." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/milo-pacific-rosewood-applies-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 October 2019. "Hawaiian Hoary Bats Acquit Five-0's Ghosts, Magnum's Make It 'Til Dawn." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/hawaiian-hoary-bats-acquit-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 October 2019. "Molassesgrass Appalls Five-0's Tiny Is the Flower, Magnum's Dead Inside." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/molassesgrass-appalls-five-0s-tiny-is.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2019. "Corsair Plane Wreck for Five-0's E Uhi Ana Ka Wa I Hala I Na Mea I Hala." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/corsair-plane-wreck-for-five-0s-e-uhi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 October 2019. "Moiliili Caves Actualize Hawaii Five-0's Kuipeia E Ka Makani Apaa." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/moiliili-caves-actualize-hawaii-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 September 2019. "Kauila Trees Assure That on Five-0 Ua 'Eha Ka 'Ili I Ka Maka O Ka Ihe." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/kauila-trees-assure-that-on-five-0-ua.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 May 2019. "Five-0 Endlessly Pours the Rain of Waianae into Hawaiian Rain Gardens." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/five-0-endlessly-pours-rain-of-waianae.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 May 2019. "Lahaina Noon: Unlike Five-0's Hewa Ka Lima Rarely the Hand Is at Fault." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/lahaina-noon-unlike-five-0s-hewa-ka.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 May 2019. "'Imiloa Sky Charts and Hawaii Five-0's Ho'okani No La O Ka Malihini." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/imiloa-sky-charts-and-hawaii-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 April 2019. "Laysan Albatrosses: Earth Day 2019, Five-0 Season 9 Episode 22 Icons." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/laysan-albatrosses-earth-day-2019-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2019. "Pueo Hawaiian Short-Eared Owls and Hawaii Five-0's He Kama Na Ka Pueo." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/pueo-hawaiian-short-eared-owls-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 April 2019. "Hau Hawaiian Sea Hibiscus, Ma'a Hawaiian Sling, Five-0's Way of the Gun." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/hau-hawaiian-sea-hibiscus-maa-hawaiian.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 March 2019. “Five-0’s Hawaiian He’e Big Blue Day Octopus of the Deep Spews Its Ink.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/five-0s-hawaiian-hee-big-blue-day.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 March 2019. “Hawaii Five-0's Ai No I Ka 'Ape He Mane'o No Ko Ka Nuku: Itchy Mouths.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/hawaii-five-0s-ai-no-i-ka-ape-he-maneo.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 February 2019. “Offer Young Taro Leaves To Hawaii Five-0 Episode E'ao Lu'au A Kualima.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/offer-young-taro-leaves-to-hawaii-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 February 2019. “Kanawao Shrub Fruits for Hawaii Five-0's Hapai Ke Kuko, Hanau Ka Hewa.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/kanawao-shrub-fruits-for-hawaii-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2019. “Five-0 Hawaiian Rain Gardens Not Made Prisoner by the Reign of the Rain.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/five-0-hawaiian-rain-gardens-not-made.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 February 2019. “Humpback Whales Depressed With the Heat in Keawalua on Hawaii Five-0.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/humpback-whales-depressed-with-heat-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 January 2019. “No 'Awa Or Kava Shrubs If Those Above Are Descending on Hawaii Five-0.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/no-awa-or-kava-shrubs-if-those-above.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 January 2019. “Kikui Tree Leaves for Hawaii Five-0 2010's Ka Hauli O Ka Mea Hewa 'Ole.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/kikui-tree-leaves-for-hawaii-five-0.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2019. “Hawaii Five-0 Gone on the Road, Without Koa Wood Outrigger Canoes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/hawaii-five-0-gone-on-road-without-koa.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2018. “Ponderosa Pine Trees for When a Hawaii Five-0 2010 House Is Dark.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/ponderosa-pine-trees-for-when-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 December 2018. “Hawaiian Pili Grass Houses: Hawaii Five-0 2010 When the Light Goes Out.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/hawaiian-pili-grass-houses-hawaii-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 December 2018. “Ko'a Black Coral for Hawaii Five-0 2010's Truth Comes from the Night.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/koa-black-coral-for-hawaii-five-0-2010s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2018. “Hawaiian Goose Nēnē: Birds of a Feather Episode on Hawaii Five-0 2010.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/hawaiian-goose-nene-birds-of-feather.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 November 2018. “Hawaiian Horses, Chang and McGarrett: Hawaii Five-0 2010 200th Episode.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/hawaiian-horses-chang-and-mcgarrett.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 November 2018. “Olonā Hawaiian Nettle Shrubs for Hawaii Five-0 Emergency Landings?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/olona-hawaiian-nettle-shrubs-for-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 October 2018. “Gernika Genocide Survivor Art Before Hawaii Five-0 Prophetic Child Art.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/gernika-genocide-survivor-art-before.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 October 2018. “Hawaiian Beach Sand: Hawaii Five-0 2010's On the Slope of the Cliff.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/hawaiian-beach-sand-hawaii-five-0-2010s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2018. “Proverbial Cowrie Sea Snails for the Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ninth Season.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/proverbial-cowrie-sea-snails-for-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 October 2018. “Lamian or Ramen Noodles: Hawaii Five-0's The Man Who Fell From the Sky.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/lamian-or-ramen-noodles-hawaii-five-os.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2018. “Gutta-Percha Trees and Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ninth Season Premiere Cocoon.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/gutta-percha-trees-and-hawaii-five-o.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 September 2018. “Ki'i Pōhaku Petroglyphs: Ancients Exposed on Five-0's Waiho Wale Kahiko.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/kii-pohaku-petroglyphs-ancients-exposed.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 May 2018. “Hawaiian Rain Gardens for Five-0's Tough Branch That Does Not Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/hawaiian-rain-gardens-for-five-0s-tough.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2018. “Noni for Hawaii Five-0's Ka Hana A Ka Makua, O Ka Hana No Ia A Keiki.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/noni-for-hawaii-five-0s-ka-hana-ka.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 April 2018. “'Āliamanu Salt Lake and Five-0's Kopi Wale No I Ka I'a A 'Eu No Ka Ilo.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/aliamanu-salt-lake-and-five-0s-kopi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 April 2018. “Hawaii Five-0 Episode Ahuwale Ka Nane Hina: Uku Hawaiian Gray Snappers.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/hawaii-five-0-episde-ahuwale-ka-nane.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2018. “'Iwa Great Frigatebirds: Five-0's He Lokomaika'i Ka Manu O Kaiona.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/iwa-great-frigatebirds-five-0s-he.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 April 2018. “Chinese Juniper Shrubs on Hawaii Five-0 2010's Aohe Mea Make I Ka Hewa.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/chinese-juniper-shrubs-on-hawaii-five-0.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 April 2018. “Bonsai Gardening on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Episode Aohe Mea Make I Ka Hewa.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/bonsai-gardening-on-hawaii-five-0-2010.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 March 2018. “'Ulu Hawaiian Breadfruit To Do One's Duty on Five-0's E Ho'oko Kuleana.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/ulu-hawaiian-breadfruit-to-do-ones-duty.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 March 2018. “Chlorine Gas on Hawaii Five-0 2010's Holapu Ke Ahi Koe Iho Ka Lehu.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/chlorine-gas-on-hawaii-five-0-2010s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 March 2018. “Golden Plovers and Stars of Heaven Know Where Pae Is on Hawaii Five-0.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/golden-plovers-and-stars-of-heaven-know.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2018. “A Coral Reef Strengthens Out to Land on Hawaii Five-0 with Lobe Corals.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/a-coral-reef-strengthens-out-to-land-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 January 2018. “No Southern House Mosquitoes on Hawaii Five-0's Na Keikia Kalaihaohia.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/no-southern-house-mosquitoes-on-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 January 2018. “What Is Gone Is Not Hawaiian Bobtail Squid on Hawaii Five-0 2010.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/what-is-gone-is-not-hawaiian-bobtail.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 January 2018. “Criminals Rare as Guernsey Dairy Cattle on Hawaii Five-0 The Roundup.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/criminals-rare-as-guernsey-dairy-cattle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 January 2018. “Hawaiian Cattle Roundups and Hawaii Five-0 2010 The Roundup Criminals.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/hawaiian-cattle-roundups-and-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2010. “Hawaii Shave Ice Images and Take-Outs on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ho'apono.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaii-shave-ice-images-and-take-outs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 November 2010. “Hawaiian Wild Boars Around Hawaii Five-0 2010's North Shore of O'ahu.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaiian-wild-boars-around-hawaii-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 November 2010. “Limu Lipoa Hawaiian Seaweed on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Episode Nalowale.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/limu-lipoa-hawaiian-seaweed-on-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 November 2010. “Hawaiian Blueberry Botanical Illustrations for Hawaii Five-0 Pancakes.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaiian-blueberry-botanical.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 November 2010. “Hawaii Five-0 2010: Respect the Land and the Pizza Without Pineapples?” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaii-five-0-2010-respect-land-and.html

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Friday, April 3, 2020

Indian Three-Striped Palm Squirrels Augur the Hindu Ellora Caves

Summary: Indian three-striped palm squirrels, auspicious augurs in Hinduism, act with area bats against insect pests around the Ellora Caves of Maharashtra, India.

Indian three-striped palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum) at Ellora Caves, Maharashtra state, western peninsular India; June 9, 2012: Apurv Kiri, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Indian three-striped palm squirrels, animals appreciated by ancient Hindu deity Rama (from Sanskrit राम, "to please"), perhaps artfully approach Hindu over Buddhist and Jain temples in the Ellora Caves of Maharashtra, India.

The Sciuridae (from Greek σκιά, "shadow"; οὐρά, "tail"; and -ειδής, "-like") family member bears three Rama-blessed stripes for bearing beach sand to Rama's Laccadive Sea bridge. Physically and sexually mature female Indian three-striped palm squirrels construct grass-woven, treetop nests for 34-day gestations of two to three-baby litters during annual fall mating seasons. Blind, dependent, hairless newborn Indian three-striped palm squirrels immediately display their parents' distinct, white eye surrounds and white middle head-tail and two front-leg to rear-leg stripes.

Information-gathering whiskered faces and legs, rear-leg ankle rotations of 180 degrees and vision ranges of almost 360 degrees evoke sustainable newborn and nestling litter-raising by mothers.

Indian three-striped palm squirrels, featured by Carl Linnaeus (May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778), furnish 1/1, 2/1 and 3/3 upper/lower-jaw incisor, premolar and molar right/left jaw dentitions.

The four-clawed, four-toed feet of Indian three-striped palm squirrels, grouped as Funambulus palmarum (from Latin fūnambulus, "rope-dancer" and palmārum, "palm [tree]"), each get a rudimentary thumb. They have big, black eyes; small, triangular ears; brown-gray upper-sides; cream-bellied, brown-gray-white undersides; and black, brown, gray, white-haired bushy tails almost as long as head-body lengths. Physically and sexually mature nine-plus-month-olds invoke 5.91 to 7.87-inch (15 to 20-centimeter-) long, 3.53 to 4.23-ounce (100 to 120-gram) bodies in two to four-year life cycles.

Only their chip! chip! chip! alarm calls jeopardize Indian three-striped palm squirrels journeying quickly and quietly among, down, over and up the Ellora Caves.

Perhaps ancient religious associations kindle host and shelter preferences by Indian three-striped palm squirrels for Lord Krishna trees over axle wood, bidi leaf and black cutch.

Indian three-striped palm squirrels land on, lap around and leap down and up bottle gourd, fan palm, golden stone apple, Indian almond and Indian blackwood trees. They move masterfully among, down, over and up Indian frankincense, Indian gooseberry, Indian laburnum, Indian linden, Indian plum, Indian rosewood, Indian sandalwood and marking nut trees. The natural, overlapping Ellora Caves rain gardens, Ellora Caves sanctuary gardens and Ellora Caves teak forest nurture edible, squirrel-friendly bird eggs, insect larvae, nuts and shoots.

Landscaped grounds and pedestrian pathways around the Ellora Caves offer such photo opportunities as Indian three-striped palm squirrels obtaining edible berries, buds, fruits, mushrooms and seeds.

Eagles, hawks, people and snakes prey upon twenty-first-century Indian three-striped palm squirrels, whose Ellora Caves presence perhaps historically provoked golden jackals, panthers, tigers and wild boar.

The chipmunk, flying squirrel, ground squirrel, marmot, prairie dog, tree squirrel and woodchuck family member queues up throughout humid, thick forests, grasslands, jungles, shrublands and woodlands. They require closed-canopy or open-canopy tropical forests and woodlands through 6,561.68-foot (2,000-meter) altitudes above sea level from central India through southern India and onto Sri Lanka. Secure shelters, stable populations, sure climbing and swift movements suggest an International Union for Conservation of Nature status of least concern for Indian three-striped palm squirrels.

Area bats and Indian three-striped palm squirrels, whose southern ancestor Rama touched and turned from stripeless to striped, try turning Buddhist, Hindu, Jain Ellora Caves insect-free.

Landscaped grounds and surrounding forests and woodlands at Ellora Caves provide ideal environments for Indian three-striped palm squirrels (Funambulus palmarum); Ellora Caves, Maharashtra state, western peninsular India; Saturday, Sep. 5, 2009, 12:16:12: Sankarshan Mukhopadhyay (sankarshan), CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Indian three-striped palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum) at Ellora Caves, Maharashtra state, western peninsular India; Saturday, June 9, 2012: Apurv Kiri, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/apurvkiri/7176784727/

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Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2020. "Schneider's Leaf-Nosed Bats Are Artful Annihilators at Ellora Caves." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Wednesday, April 1, 2020

Apollo 13’s Lost Lunar Landing Aimed for April 15 at Fra Mauro Crater

Summary: Apollo 13’s lost lunar landing aimed for April 15 at Fra Mauro Crater in the highlands northeast of Mare Cognitum on the southwestern near side.

Apollo 13’s lost lunar landing aimed for April 15 at Fra Mauro Crater, a heavily worn feature located on the southwestern near side in the highlands northeast of Mare Cognitum (Sea That Has Become Known).

The Apollo 13 mission’s launch Saturday, April 11, 1970, at 19:13 Coordinated Universal Time (2:13 p.m. Eastern Standard Time) from Florida’s Cape Canaveral numbered as the Apollo space program’s seventh manned mission and tallied as the third lunar landing mission. The crew comprised Commander James Arthur Lovell Jr. (born March 25, 1928), Command Module Odyssey Pilot John “Jack” Leonard Swigert Jr. (Aug. 30, 1931-Dec. 27, 1982) and Lunar Module Aquarius Pilot Fred Wallace Haise Jr. (born Nov. 14, 1933).

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) press kit, released Thursday, April 2, expressed times according to Eastern Standard Time (EST). Timetables also included Ground Elapsed Time (GET) to indicate time duration. GET counts forward in hours, minutes and seconds (hhh:mm:ss) from Range Zero, the last integral second prior to liftoff.

The press kit itemized Aquarius’ lunar surface touchdown as scheduled for Wednesday, April 15, at 9:55 p.m. EST (Thursday, April 16, at 14:55 UTC). GET would be 103:42.

The mission events schedule placed depressurization for Apollo 13’s first extravehicular activity (EVA) at 2:13 a.m. EST, Thursday, April 16 (07:13 UTC; 108:00 GET). Commander Lovell’s first step onto the lunar surface was scheduled for 2:29 a.m. EST (07:29 UTC; 108:16 GET). Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) Haise was expected to step onto the lunar surface at 2:40 a.m. EST (07:40 UTC; 108:27 GET).

The distance covered during EVA 1 was maximized at approximately 5,000 feet. Commander Lovell and LMP Haise’s traverse ran between Doublet Craters and Star Crater.

Re-entry into Lunar Module Aquarius signaled the end of the mission’s first extravehicular activity. Pilot Haise was slated for re-entry at 5:56 a.m. EST (10:56 UTC; 111:43 GET). Commander Lovell’s re-entry was set for 6:11 a.m. EST (11:11 UTC; 111:58 GET).

An interval of 15 hours 47 minutes was allowed between Commander Lovell’s re-entry from EVA 1 and depressurization for EVA 2. The second extravehicular activity’s depressurization was planned for 9:58 p.m. EST, Thursday, April 16 (02:55 UTC, Friday, April 17; 127:45 GET).

EVA 2 was planned to maximize at 8,700 feet. The traverse out was logged at 4,500 feet. The traverse in was calculated at 4,200 feet. The second extravehicular activity’s trips visited Cone Crater, passed Weird Crater and rounded Triplet Craters.

Commander Lovell was expected to return to the lunar surface at 10:11 p.m. EST, Thursday, April 16 (03:11 UTC, Friday, April 17; 127:58 GET). LMP Haise was set to step back onto the lunar surface at 10:20 p.m. EST, Thursday, April 16 (03:20 UTC, Friday, April 17; 128:07 GET).

LMP Haise’s re-entry into the lunar module was planned for Friday, April 17, at 1:41 a.m. EST (06:41 UTC; 131:28 GET). Commander Lovell’s transfer of samples into the Aquarius, with LMP Haise’s assistance, was projected to begin at 1:48 a.m. EST (06:48 UTC; 131:35 GET). Commander Lovell was set for re-entry into the lunar module at 1:54 a.m. EST (06:54 UTC; 131:41 GET).

The lunar module’s liftoff from the lunar surface was projected for Friday, April 17, at 7:22 a.m. EST (12:20 UTC; 137:09 GET). The rendezvous sequence between Aquarius and Odyssey was scheduled for completion at 10:40 a.m. EST (15:40 UTC; 140:27 GET). With docking at 10:58 a.m. EST (15:58 UTC; 140:45 GET), Commander Lovell and LMP Haise would rejoin CMP Swigert in the Odyssey.

The Apollo 13 mission was scheduled to end with splashdown Tuesday, April 21, at 3:17 p.m. EST (20:17 UTC; 241:04 GET). Splashdown was expected to take place south of the equator, in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The press kit noted: “After the spacecraft has landed, the crew will put on clean coveralls and filter masks passed in to them through the hatch by a swimmer, and then transfer by helicopter to a Mobile Quarantine Facility (MQF) on the USS Iwo Jima” (page 5).

A catastrophic oxygen tank problem occurring in the spacecraft's Service Module approximately 55 hours 54 minutes after launching from Florida, however, drastically altered the Apollo 13 mission’s itinerary. The perfectly planned lunar landing at and exploration of Fra Mauro were aborted as the Apollo 13 crew and NASA focused on a safe, timely return to Earth. Splashdown occurred Friday, April 17, at 18:07:41 UTC (1:07 p.m. EST) in the South Pacific Ocean.

NASA did not abandon the goal of landing north of Fra Mauro Crater. The site served as the landing site for the Apollo 14 mission, which successfully explored and sampled the area in February 1971.

The takeaway for Apollo 13’s imaging of Mandel’shtam Crater during the spacecraft’s flight over the moon’s far side is that the mission’s 50-year-old, black-and-white photographs clearly reveal the distinctive crater and some of its satellites along the oblique view’s horizon.

Photographic illustration of Fra Mauro area shows scheduled traverses planned for the Apollo 13 mission’s two extravehicular activities (EVAs); red dot (intersection of black, red and yellow lines) indicates lunar module’s (LM) landing site; red line indicates path of EVA 1; black line shows EVA 2 path; yellow line denotes possible extensions of each traverse; red dots marks observing and sampling points of interest; NASA ID S70-30828: Generally not subject to copyright in the United States; may use this material for educational or informational purposes, including photo collections, textbooks, public exhibits, computer graphical simulations and Internet Web pages; general permission extends to personal Web pages, via NASA Image and Video Library

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

North American Rockwell Corporation artist’s concept depicts Apollo 13 lunar module in descent to Fra Mauro landing sit; NASA ID S70-31898: Generally not subject to copyright in the United States; may use this material for educational or informational purposes, including photo collections, textbooks, public exhibits, computer graphical simulations and Internet Web pages; general permission extends to personal Web pages, via NASA Image and Video Library @ https://images.nasa.gov/details-S70-31898;
NASA Johnson (NASA Johnson), CC BY-NC 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/nasa2explore/9351226211;
Apollo 50th @apollo_50th, via X (formerly Twitter), March 20, 2020, @ https://twitter.com/apollo_50th/status/1241118826080505856

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International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). “Mare Cognitum.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
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