Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Jul 2026 Airs Tree-Caused Power Outages

Summary: Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Jul 2026 airs tree-caused power outages in An Analysis of Electric Distribution Tree-Caused Outages by Cindy Musick et al.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

From June 2020 through February 2023 a team of north central Virginia-based REC Rappahannock Electric Cooperative's utility urban foresters examined 1,104 tree failure-caused power outages (TCOs) with the goal of characterizing failed trees. The study's industry-focused approach involved a sampling location of locally and regionally greatly variable "species composition and forest cover type" across 22 counties in REC's service territory. The "convenience sampling" of "post outage examinations" excluded investigation of "every outage" and of "the approximately 1.9 million trees that did not fail during the study period" (Cindy Devlin Musick et al., Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, July 2026, pages 406, 417).
"Born to Climb and to Serve: REC Rappahannock Electric Cooperative": an REC utility pole climbing participant in the annual Gaff-n-Go Lineworker's and Equipment Operator's Rodeo, held May 15-16, 2026, at Meadow Event Park, Doswell, Hanover County, western Tidewater region, central Virginia.:
REC Rappahannock Electric Cooperative, via Facebook May 29, 2026

Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Jul 2026 airs tree-caused power outages in An Analysis of Electric Distribution Tree-Caused Outages: Retrospective Case Series by co-authors Musick, Holásková, Strager, Kelly, Kinder Jr, Dahle and Walker.

Electric utilities bear, in areas bared as rights-of-way (ROW), a legal easement boding their building the infrastructure that betokens their being able to deliver electric power. Most trees that collapse or crash from outside the utility easement come under other ownership even as they correlate not at all with any easement inclusions. Weather-related power outages inflation-adjustedly, year-averagely demand $18-33 billion of the Unitedstatesian economy even as overhead facilities-growing trees; powerline-growing ROW-edge branches; pole-/wire-damaging/downing/falling/trunk-breaking/tree-uprooting branches, trees deliver tree-caused outages.

Utility-vegetation managers endeavoring to examine research emphasizing tree-caused outages (TOCs) encounter limited landscape-scale knowledge; non-straightforward-formatted studies; sate-extension agency research excluding other-state arborists from examining such studies.

Tree characteristics figuring TOCs trends for this study feature diameter, genera, health status, height, size and visible defects tree-wise; month of the year and slope environmentally.

The tree species' particular part, given as branch, root or stem/trunk, whose failure generates the power outage, guides the classification most widely guarded by TOCs-researching studies. Environmental-characteristic slope helped to harbinger TOCs trends even as roots- and trunk-failed outages happened more on slopes over 10% and 0-10% slopes hosted more branch-failed outages. The utility-arborist urban foresters who informed the TCO-impelling field investigation itinerated as International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) Certified-Arborist Utility Specialists with 3 to 30 years experience.

Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Jul 2026 judges ash trees (Fraxinus spp) as justifying highest trunk-failure percentages in An Analysis of Electric Distribution Tree-Caused Outages: Retrospective Case Series by co-authors Musick et al.

Cindy Devlin Musick, Senior Director, Vegetation Management Services, Rappahannock Electric Cooperative (REC), Culpeper, north central Virginia, and six West Virginia University Davis College of Agriculture and Natural Resources co-authors report the results of a study of tree-caused power outages (TCOs) in "An Analysis of Electric Distribution Tree-Caused Outages: Retrospective Case Series," published in the July 2026 issue of ISA International Society of Arboriculture's Arboriculture & Urban Forestry. From June 2020 through February 2023 a team of REC utility urban foresters examined 1,104 TCOs over a study area encompassing "22 counties and over 7,500 mi (12,070 km) of overhead conductor" (page 406).:
REC Rappahannock Electric Cooperative, via Facebook April 28, 2026

The woody plant genused and specied yellow popular (Liriodendron tulipifera) kindled the highest branch-failure percentages, at 51%, even as maple trees (Acer spp) knew second-highest, 35.7%.

Softwood species logged a 20% larger likelihood of trunk failures even as the TOCs study listed hardwood trees as 7 times likelier to launch branch failures. Of all the TOC-mustered electric-distribution outages mattering in the afore-mentioned study as managed by softwood-species trees 29.1% manifested as mandated by softwood species' root failures. Less than 4% of all softwood-species trees netted branch failures even as respectively 23.9, 28.1, 48% of all hardwood-species trees niched respective root, branch, trunk failures.

Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Jul 2026 observes highest-percentaged ash-tree (Frazinus-spp) failures as trunk-failure occurrences, at 77.1%, in An Analysis of Electric Distribution Tree-Caused Outages: Retrospective Case Series by co-authors Musick et al.

February, April and September respectively predominated as months producing the highest trunk-, the highest roots- and the highest branch-failure percentages respectively at 71.9, 47.4 and 32.2%.

Highest-precipitation months queued August 2021, August 2022, with 30.73-centimeter (1.2098-inch), 26.01-centimeter (10.2402-inch) rainfall even as November, December 2021 quantified lowest-precipitation months' 1.47-centimeter (0.5787-inch), 2.59-centimeter (1.0196-inch) rainfall. Study-sample trees that reached a 61.1-centimeter (24.0551-inch) to 99.4-centimeter (39.1338-inch) diameter at (1.37-meter/4.49-foot) breast height (DBH) realized branch-, root-, trunk-failure rates respectively at 28.77, 43.84, 27.40%. Many TCOs in 22 central-Virginia counties sampled in this study suggested trunk-failing live trees even as high-performance utility-vegetation management programs stress dead-removable, live-defect identification and mitigation.

Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Jul 2026 targets substation-to-first-protective-device zone tree-failure prevention in An Analysis of Electric Distribution Tree-Caused Outages: Retrospective Case Series by co-authors Musick, Holásková, Strager, Kelly, Kinder Jr., Dahle, Walker.

The July 2026 issue of ISA International Society of Arboriculture's Arboriculture & Urban Forestry includes "An Analysis of Electric Distribution Tree-Caused Outages: Retrospective Case Series," co-authored by Cindy Devlin Musick, Ida Holásková, Michael P. Strager, Charlene N. Kelly, Paul J. Kinder Jr., Gregory A. Dahle and Matthew Walker.:
International Society of Arboriculture, via Facebook July 1, 2026

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

From June 2020 through February 2023 a team of north central Virginia-based REC Rappahannock Electric Cooperative's utility urban foresters examined 1,104 tree failure-caused power outages (TCOs) with the goal of characterizing failed trees. The study's industry-focused approach involved a sampling location of locally and regionally greatly variable "species composition and forest cover type" across 22 counties in REC's service territory. The "convenience sampling" of "post outage examinations" excluded investigation of "every outage" and of "the approximately 1.9 million trees that did not fail during the study period" (Cindy Devlin Musick et al., Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, July 2026, pages 406, 417).
"Born to Climb and to Serve: REC Rappahannock Electric Cooperative": an REC utility pole climbing participant in the annual Gaff-n-Go Lineworker's and Equipment Operator's Rodeo, held May 15-16, 2026, at Meadow Event Park, Doswell, Hanover County, western Tidewater region, central Virginia.:
REC Rappahannock Electric Cooperative, via Facebook May 29, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1460604542774281&set=pb.100064742464533.-2207520000;
REC Rappahannock Electric Cooperative, via Facebook May 29, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1460604542774281&set=a.1460611516106917;
REC Rappahannock Electric Cooperative, via Facebook May 29, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/RappahannockElectricCooperative/posts/1460604542774281

Cindy Devlin Musick, Senior Director, Vegetation Management Services, Rappahannock Electric Cooperative (REC), Culpeper, north central Virginia, and six West Virginia University Davis College of Agriculture and Natural Resources co-authors report the results of a study of tree-caused power outages (TCOs) in "An Analysis of Electric Distribution Tree-Caused Outages: Retrospective Case Series," published in the July 2026 issue of ISA International Society of Arboriculture's Arboriculture & Urban Forestry. From June 2020 through February 2023 a team of REC utility urban foresters examined 1,104 TCOs over a study area encompassing "22 counties and over 7,500 mi (12,070 km) of overhead conductor" (page 406).:
REC Rappahannock Electric Cooperative, via Facebook April 28, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/RappahannockElectricCooperative/posts/pfbid0FGTDAjkaCTYzBEn3DMRp3Rzbz4rf8YU8f16Mk84Ac3M7ffSQ4vfcsSnLoxT3CM9Fl;
REC Rappahannock Electric Cooperative, via Facebook April 28, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1433161522185250&set=pb.100064742464533.-2207520000;
REC Rappahannock Electric Cooperative, via LinkedIn @ https://www.linkedin.com/posts/did-you-know-trees-are-the-1-cause-of-power-share-7454979007919423489-V16p/;
"Frank Musick DID it -- over 300 miles and DAILY 6000 foot elevation gain! . . . . Thanks for what you do Paul Putman and team TREE Fund! In case you didn't know West Virginia University, Greg Dahle and I received a TREE Fund grant to support our tree caused outage research at Rappahannock Electric Cooperative in 2020.": Cindy Devlin Musick, via LinkedIn @ https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7507428274847866880/;
International Society of Arboriculture, via Facebook Jan. 27, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/InternationalSocietyofArboriculture/posts/pfbid02mApN25oGChm5VsKedQ4cjx82QKghHFvy2wTZE9JCAKcqSQeiceUq7uzBh3ayCaW5l;
International Society of Arboriculture, via Facebook Jan. 27, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1330210145816268&set=pb.100064818847716.-2207520000

The July 2026 issue of ISA International Society of Arboriculture's Arboriculture & Urban Forestry includes "An Analysis of Electric Distribution Tree-Caused Outages: Retrospective Case Series," co-authored by Cindy Devlin Musick, Ida Holásková, Michael P. Strager, Charlene N. Kelly, Paul J. Kinder Jr., Gregory A. Dahle and Matthew Walker.:
International Society of Arboriculture, via Facebook July 1, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/InternationalSocietyofArboriculture/posts/pfbid0r5recGZCgGX4hcT39LPLkNx82XxLmyDyJAJSTHx2jA9JGdEYDwbhpk241thBcuAzl;
International Society of Arboriculture, via Facebook July 1, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1466892042148077&set=pb.100064818847716.-2207520000

For further information:

Gilman, Ed. 2011. An Illustrated Guide to Pruning. Third Edition. Boston MA: Cengage.

Hayes, Ed. 2001. Evaluating Tree Defects. Revised, Special Edition. Rochester MN: Safe Trees.

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/matthew-searels-and-jessie-mcclellan.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 March 2025. "Soils Aid James Cassidy and EPA IPM Getting to the Root of the Problem." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/soils-aid-james-cassidy-and-epa-ipm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 February 2025. "Arborist News February 2025 Airs Weathering the Storm by Warren Causey." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/arborist-news-february-2025-airs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 January 2025. "How Are Two Magnolia, Two Maple Species’ Fine Roots After Waterlogging?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/how-are-two-magnolia-two-maple-species.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 December 2024. "December 2024 Arborist News Apprises Us of Tree Inventory BMP Part I." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/december-2024-arborist-news-apprises-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2024. "Pruning Cuts Aid Codominant Stem Diameter Ratio, Exposed Wood, Appeal." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/pruning-cuts-aid-codominant-stem.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 October 2024. "Heartwood, Part I, Airs Biology, Formation, Identification, Importance." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/heartwood-part-i-airs-biology-formation.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 September 2024. "Conflict and Collaboration in Urban Forest Management Affect Each Other." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/conflict-and-collaboration-in-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 August 2024. "Aged, Dead, Exotic Aid Taking an Ecosystem Approach to Tree Management" Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/08/aged-dead-exotic-aid-taking-ecosystem.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 July 2024. "What For Tree Workers Acts For and Against Professional Certification?" Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/what-for-tree-workers-acts-for-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 June 2024. "Tree Risk Assessment BMPs Address Target, Occupancy, Impact Likelihood." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/05/tree-root-architecture-acts-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2024. "Tree Root Architecture Acts for Proactive Urban Green Space Design." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/05/tree-root-architecture-acts-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 April 2024. "Tree Risk Assessment Admits Best Management Practices Abbreviated BMPs." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/04/tree-risk-assessment-admits-best.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 March 2024. "Foliar Tissue Addresses Acer Heat Tolerance When Planning Urban Maples." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/03/foliar-tissue-addresses-acer-heat.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 February 2024. "Utility Tree Risk Asks About Target Strike, Then Tree Failure." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/02/utility-tree-risk-asks-about-target.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 January 2024. "System Failure From Ailing Water Transport Advises How Trees Grow Old." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/01/system-failure-from-ailing-water.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 January 2024. "Neighborhood-Scale Urban Forest Scenarios Aid Vancouver, Canada 2050." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/01/neighborhood-scale-urban-forest.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 December 2023. "Selection, Timing and Application Assure Shrub and Tree Fertilization." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/12/selection-timing-and-application-assure.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 November 2023. "Diverse, Ecoservicing, Resilient Urban Tree Trifecta Aid Dense Cities." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/11/diverse-ecoservicing-resilient-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 October 2023. "Utility Tree Risk Assessment Applies to Trees, Targets and Site." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/utility-tree-risk-assessment-applies-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2023. "Urban Forest Resilience Asks Species Diversity of Milwaukee Metropolitan Area." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/urban-forest-resilience-asks-species.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 August 2023. "Tree Roots with Secondary Thickening Are Tree Species Identifiers." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/tree-roots-with-secondary-thickening.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 July 2023. "Soil Decompaction and Soil Amendments Affect Urban Soil Quality." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/soil-decompaction-and-soil-amendments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 June 2023. "Best Practices Affect Nonselective and Selective Root Pruning." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/best-practices-affect-nonselective-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 May 2023. "UAS and LIDAR Apply to Distribution Utility Vegetation Management." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/uas-and-lidar-apply-to-distribution.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 April 2023. "Trees and Construction – The Design Phase Aces Tree Preservation Zones." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/trees-and-construction-design-phase.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 March 2023. "Improved Model Estimates of Tree Debris Following Ice Storms Are Near." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/improved-model-estimates-of-tree-debris.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2023. "Morgan Zabow, Jennifer First and TN Urban Forestry Council Assess UHI." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/morgan-zabow-jennifer-first-and-tn.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2023. "Chris Graves Aced Winter Tree ID 2 at Tennessee Urban Forestry Council." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/chris-graves-aced-winter-tree-id-2-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 February 2023. "Theodore Eisenman Aired Tree Planting Initiatives as UMass Urban Forestry Today Webinar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/theodore-eisenman-aired-tree-planting.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 February 2023. "Green and White Variegated Trees Awe Nursery Industry and Tree Biology." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/green-and-white-variegated-trees-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2023. "Chris Graves Aired Winter Tree ID for Tennessee Urban Forestry Council." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/chris-graves-aired-winter-tree-id-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 January 2023. "Kathryn Bronsky Adds Asian Longhorned Beetles to EPA IPM 2023 Webinars." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/kathryn-bronsky-adds-asian-longhorned.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2023. "Jay Dampier Adds Tree Diagnostics as Urban Forestry Today 2023 Webinar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/jay-dampier-adds-tree-diagnostics-as_75.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 January 2023. "Propiconazole Infusions and Injections Arrest Laurel Wilt in Sassafras." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/propiconazole-infusions-and-injections.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 December 2022. "How Tree Injections Are Administered Affects What They Achieve." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/how-tree-injections-are-administered.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 November 2022. "Climbing Line and Ascent Technique Affect Load Magnitude and Frequency." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/climbing-line-and-ascent-technique.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 October 2022. "Urban Forestry Around the Globe Assesses Private and Public Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/urban-forestry-around-globe-assesses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 October 2022. "Natural Enemies of Urban Landscape Pests Are Among Beneficial Insects." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/natural-enemies-of-urban-landscape.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 September 2022. "Urban Tree Canopy Placement Affects Summer Household Energy Savings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/urban-tree-canopy-placement-affects.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 August 2022. "Five Common, Important Decay Fungi Afflict Urban Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/five-common-important-decay-fungi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 July 2022. "Electrical and Mechanical Failures Arise From Utility Tree Failures." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/electrical-and-mechanical-failures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 June 2022. "Cabling and Bracing Support Systems Address Tree Defects and Stresses." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/cabling-and-bracing-support-systems.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 May 2022. "Biochar Soil Amendments Advance Soil Quality and Tree Survival." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/remote-sensing-of-urban-forests-assures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2022. "Rapid Urban Site Index Allows Urban Forest and Tree Soil Assessments." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/rapid-urban-site-index-allows-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 March 2022. "Remote Sensing of Urban Forests Assures Modern Urban Forestry a Future." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/remote-sensing-of-urban-forests-assures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2022. "Sonic Tomography Adds Internal Defects to Level 3 Tree Risk Assessment." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/sonic-tomography-adds-internal-defects.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 January 2022. "Private Tree Regulations Attempt to Avert Private Tree Canopy Loss." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/private-tree-regulations-attempt-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 January 2022. "Best Management Practices Advance Urban Tree Care and Urban Wildlife." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/best-management-practices-advance-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 December 2021. "Integrated Vegetation Management Applies Balanced Control Methods." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/integrated-vegetation-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 November 2021. "Leafy, Woody Canopies and Diverse Species Augur Resilient Urban Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/leafy-woody-canopies-and-diverse.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 October 2021. "Careful Selection, Planting and Post-Planting Assist Tree Longevity." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/careful-selection-planting-and-post.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 September 2021. "Energy Gain and Water Use Abet Radial Growth of Irrigated Urban Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/energy-gain-and-water-use-abet-radial.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 August 2021. "Soil Assessments Address Low or Affirm High Quality of Urban Soils." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/soil-assessments-address-low-or-affirm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 August 2021. "Lindsey Purcell Aired Late Season Pruning Impacts as TreeStuff Webinar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/lindsey-purcell-aired-late-season.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 July 2021. "Soil, Roots, Leaves, Dormant Buds Affect Stressed Eucalypt Seedlings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/soil-roots-leaves-dormant-buds-affect.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 July 2021. "Nick Araya of TreeCareLA Addressed Palm Pruning as TreeStuff Webinar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/nick-araya-of-treecarela-addressed-palm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 June 2021. "Native Wood-Borers Alarm Ornamental Landscape and Urban Forest Natives." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/native-wood-borers-alarm-ornamental.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 May 2021. "Structural Pruning of Callery Pear Adds Nothing to Branch Union Strength." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/structural-pruning-adds-no-branch-union.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 April 2021. "Stationary Rope Systems (SRS) Annul Friction by Ascents and Redirects." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/stationary-rope-systems-srs-annul.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 March 2021. "Inducing Agents and Synthetic Fungicides Axe Leaf Blotch and Pear Scab." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/inducing-agents-and-synthetic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 March 2021. "Shem Kendrick Added Modern At-Home Bonsai to TreeStuff Webinar Series." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/shem-kendrick-added-modern-at-home.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2021. "Stationary Rope Systems (SRS) Allow Anchors, Ascent and Work Equipment." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/stationary-rope-systems-srs-allow.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 January 2021. "Street and Park Tree Inventories Since 1902 Assess Trees in Ithaca, NY." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/street-and-park-tree-inventories-since.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 December 2020. "Tree Defect Identification During Tree Inspections Averts Tree Failure." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/tree-defect-identification-during-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 November 2020. "Reduction Pruning Utility Trees Affects CODIT and Epicormic Branches." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/11/reduction-pruning-utility-trees-affects.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 October 2020. "Arboricultural Operation Safety Standards Avert Adverse Events." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/10/arboricultural-operation-safety.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 September 2020. "Root-Stem Transition Zones Aim Loading Forces Through Roots and Soils." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/09/root-stem-transition-zones-aim-loading.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 August 2020. "Arboricultural Operation Safety Standards Are Country-Specific." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/arboricultural-operation-safety.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 July 2020. "Sensitivity Analyses Admit Ecosystem Disservice and Ecosystem Service." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/07/sensitivity-analyses-admit-ecosystem.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 June 2020. "Lignotubers Assure Arboricultural Management of Lignotuberous Shoots." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/06/lignotubers-assure-arboricultural.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2020. "Included Bark Ages Safely With Fused, Entwining Natural Braces ." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/included-bark-ages-safely-with-fused.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 May 2020. "Trent Dicks Alerted TreeStuff Webinar Attendees to Spotted Lanternfly." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/trent-dicks-alerted-treestuff-webinar.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 April 2020. "Canker Identification and Canker Management Apply to Landscape Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/canker-identification-and-canker.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 March 2020. "Arboricultural Operation Safety Training Averts Hazardous Incidents." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/arboricultural-operation-safety.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 February 2020. "Boundary-Spanning Collective Action Assuages Wildfire Risk in the West." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/boundary-spanning-collective-action.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 February 2020. "Biochar Applications Are Best With Compost and Fertilizer Applications." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/biochar-applications-are-best-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 January 2020. "Fungicide Injections Affect Dutch Elm Disease and Internal Decay." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/fungicide-injections-affect-dutch-elm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 December 2019. "Pruning Cuts Applied Ably, Appropriately Are Best Management Practices." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/pruning-cuts-applied-ably-appropriately.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 November 2019. "Structural Growing Media and Supported Pavement Affect Tree Responses." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/structural-growing-media-and-supported.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 October 2019. "Tree Pruning Systems Answer to Best Management Practices." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/tree-pruning-systems-answer-to-best.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 September 2019. "Southeastern Street Tree Arthropod Pests Are Online Survey Subjects." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/southeastern-street-tree-arthropod.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 August 2019. "Cost Approach Approximates Plant Repair, Replacement or Restoration." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/08/cost-approach-approximates-plant-repair.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 July 2019. "Indirect Watering Devices Are There for Newly Transplanted Urban Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/indirect-watering-devices-are-there-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2019. "Plant Appraisal Data Collection Allies Off-Site and On-Site Research." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/plant-appraisal-data-collection-allies.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 May 2019. "Wire Basket Removal or Wire Basket Retention: Girdling or Stable Roots." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/wire-basket-removal-or-wire-basket.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2019. "Woody Plant Appraisal Data Collection for Shrubs, Trees and Vines." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/woody-plant-appraisal-data-collection.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 March 2019. "Balancing Roadside Tree Benefits and Risk of Streetscape Tree Crashes." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/balancing-roadside-tree-benefits-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2019. “Plant Appraisal Estimate, Scope, Data, Analysis, Reconciliation, Report.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/plant-appraisal-estimate-scope-data.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 January 2019. “Urban Tree Vulnerability in Residential Toronto, Ontario, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/urban-tree-vulnerability-in-residential.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 December 2018. "Plant Appraisal: Cost and Value Estimates and Economic Principles." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/plant-appraisal-cost-and-value.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 December 2018. "Six-Year Forest Health Ambassador Program of Oakville, Ontario, Canada." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/six-year-forest-health-ambassador.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 October 2018. "Nursery Production Systems: Tough Urban Landscape Trees on Rough Sites." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/nursery-production-systems-tough-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2018. "Induced-Resistance Agents, Silicon Fertilizers, Synthetic Fungicides." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/induced-resistance-agents-silicon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 August 2018. "Nursery Production Systems for Successful Urban Tree Plantings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/nursery-production-systems-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 July 2018. "Tree Roots Branch in Fabric Containers But Circle and Girdle Plastic." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/tree-roots-branch-in-fabric-containers.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2018. "Wood Decay Fungi Management of Terminal Urban Pathogens." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/wood-decay-fungi-management-of-terminal.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2018. "Downtown Commercial Streetscape Tree Populations in Toronto, Canada." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/downtown-commercial-streetscape-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2018. “Mushroom-Forming and Non-Mushroom-Forming Fungal Life Cycle Traits.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/mushroom-forming-and-non-mushroom.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 March 2018. “Emerald Ash Borer Rapid Response Community Preparedness Project.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/emerald-ash-borer-rapid-response.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2018. “Tree Retention by Arborists for Wildlife Habitat Friendly Tree Care.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/tree-retention-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2018. “Integrated Vegetation Management Study in North and South Yukon, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/integrated-vegetation-management-study.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2017. “Tree Inventories: Preemptive and Proactive or Piecemeal and Reactive.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/12/tree-inventories-preemptive-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 November 2017. “Chlorantraniliprole Reduced-Risk Insecticides Get Leaf-Eaters Not Bees.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/11/chlorantraniliprole-reduced-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 October 2017. “Palm Plant Health Care: Abiotic, Biotic Stress Culture and Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/10/palm-plant-health-care-abiotic-biotic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2017. “Predawn Leaf Water Potentials Indicate Crown Dieback and Water Status.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/09/predawn-leaf-water-potentials-indicate.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2017. “Palm Tree Identification and Pruning of Native and Naturalizable Palms.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/08/palm-tree-identification-and-pruning-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2017. “Commonly Planted, Potentially Phytoremediating Street Tree Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/07/commonly-planted-potentially.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 June 2017. “Root Loss From Root Pruning and Root Shaving of Stem-Girdling Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/06/root-loss-from-root-pruning-and-root.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2017. “Age and Canopy Area Cost Less and Tell More in Urban Tree Inventories.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/05/age-and-canopy-area-cost-less-and-tell.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 April 2017. “Urban Root Management: Big Infrastructure, Small Space, Stressed Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/04/urban-root-management-big.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2017. “Flexural Elasticity Modulus: Trees and Watersprouts Bend or Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/03/flexural-elasticity-modulus-trees-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2017. “Plant Health Care Diagnostics When Plants and Places Wrong One Another.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/02/plant-health-care-diagnostics-when.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2017. “Tree Fertilization for Fine Root Growth and Whole Root System Effects.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/01/tree-fertilization-for-fine-root-growth.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2016. “Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Low Maintenance Tree Health Care Programs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/abiotic-and-biotic-stress-in-low.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2016. “Organic Amendments to Compacted Degraded Urban Highway Roadsides.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/organic-amendments-to-compacted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2016. “Tree Protection Zones by Arborists for All Construction Project Phases.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/tree-protection-zones-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2016. “Stormwater Runoff Landscaping With Urban Canopy Cover and Groundcover.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/09/stormwater-runoff-landscaping-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2016. “Changing Places: Tree Nutrient Movement Down, Tree Water Movement Up.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/08/changing-places-tree-nutrient-movement.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2016. “Treated or Untreated Oriental Bittersweet Vine Management Cut-Stumping.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/07/treated-or-untreated-oriental.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2016. “Tree Injection Site Procedures: Manufacturer's Instructions and Labels.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/06/tree-injection-site-procedures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 May 2016. “Electrical Utility Area Temperate Urban Street Trees: Pruned Regrowth.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/electrical-utility-area-temperate-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2016. “Tree Injection Methods: Treatment Option in Integrated Pest Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/04/tree-injection-methods-treatment-option.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2016. “Bare-Rooted Ornamental Urban Transplants: Amendments Against Mortality.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/bare-rooted-ornamental-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2016. “Bark Protective Survival Mechanisms Foil Deprivation, Injury, Invasion.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/bark-protective-survival-mechanisms.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2016. "LITA Model: Linear Index of Tree Appraisal of Large Urban Swedish Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/01/lita-model-linear-index-of-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems: Site, Soil, Species True Designs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/12/tree-lightning-protection-systems-site.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 October 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems Tailored to Sites, Soils, Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/10/tree-lightning-protection-systems.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 August 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Amend, Fertilize, Mulch, Till!” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/08/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 June 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Assemble, Assess, Assist, Astound.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/06/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2015. “Tree Wound Responses: Healthy Wound Closures by Callus and Woundwood.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/tree-wound-responses-healthy-wound.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2015. “Urban Forest Maintenance and Non-Maintenance Costs and Benefits.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/urban-forest-maintenance-and-non.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2014. “Tree Dwelling Symbionts: Dodder, Lichen, Mistletoe, Moss and Woe-Vine.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/tree-dwelling-symbionts-dodder-lichen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2014. “Tree Cable Installation Systems Lessen Target Impact From Tree Failure.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/tree-cable-installation-systems-lessen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2014. “Flood Tolerant Trees in Worst-Case Floodplain and Urbanized Scenarios.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/flood-tolerant-trees-in-worst-case.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2014. “Integrated Vegetation Management of Plants in Utility Rights-of-Way.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/06/integrated-vegetation-management-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2014. “Tree Twig Identification: Buds, Bundle Scars, Leaf Drops, Leaf Scars.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/tree-twig-identification-buds-bundle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2014. “Tree Twig Anatomy: Ecosystem Stress, Growth Rates, Winter Identification.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/tree-twig-anatomy-ecosystem-stress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2013. “Community and Tree Safety Awareness During Line- and Road-Clearances.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/community-and-tree-safety-awareness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2013. “Chain-Saw Gear and Tree Work Related Personal Protective Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/chain-saw-gear-and-tree-work-related.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2013. “Storm Damaged Tree Clearances: Matched Teamwork of People to Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/storm-damaged-tree-clearances-matched.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Damage Assessments: Pre-Storm Planned Preparedness.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/storm-induced-tree-damage-assessments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html

Arctic Dandelions Avail Naja Lund Aparico Yellow Seasons by the Lake

Summary: Arctic dandelions avail Naja Lund Aparico and Alex Nees yellow Seasons by the Lake: Adventures in Greenland, Dial Books for Young Readers, Tuesday, March 17, 2026.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

Arctic dandelion (scientific name: Taraxacum arcticum; Norwegian: Arktisløvetann), Longyearbyen, west central Spitsbergen Island, Svalbard archipelago, High Arctic, Norway; image obtained July 2009 by User:Knut (talk/contribs) and uploaded Tuesday, July 21, 2009, 19:38, to Wikimedia Commons.: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Arctic dandelions avail author Naja Lund Aparico and illustrator Alex Nees yellow Seasons by the Lake: Adventures in Greenland, Dial Books for Young Readers, Penguin Random House imprint, Tuesday, March 17, 2026.

Arctic dandelions beautify the front cover, the back side to the attributions page, the first four pages to summer months, the second page to authorial Postscript. They cluster in damp, level or sloping, heath- and meadow-land habitats even as they congregate there in bird droppings-enriched, early-snow protection acid, neutral or alkaline soils. North-American, north-European, north-Asian northernmost domains domicile them even as arctic dandelions dwell from northern Greenland and Svalbard through Chukchi Peninsula, northern Siberia, northern Russia Far East.

Their perennial ("through[out-the-]year-having"; Latin perennia [per annus -is]) existence entails a 2-plus-year lifespan even as arctic dandelions elaborate the matted or the solitary growth evidenced storywise.

Figure 2. Taraxacum arcticum (Trautv.) Dahlst.:
(top) 1, 2, and 4: inner leaves;
3 and 6: middle leaves;
5: outer leaves from different individuals, natural size.
(bottom; 7-11: left to right) 7-10: outer bract scales in order from outside inwards;
11: inner bract scale, 2 times enlarged.
(bottom; far right) 12: fruit with stalk and pappus, 4 times enlarged;
(bottom; second from right) 13: fruit, 7 times enlarged.
"Bild 2. Taraxacum arcticum (Trautv.) Dahlst.: 1, 2 och 4 inre blad, 3 och 6 mellersta bla och 5 yttre blad från skilda individ, naturlig storlek. -- 7-10 yttre holkfjåll i ordning utifrån och inåt och 11 inre holkfjåll, 2 gånger förstorade. -- 12 frukt med spröt och pappus, 4 gånger förstorad, och 13 frukt, 7 ganger förstorad." (Page 12)
Illustrations of leaves, fruit and pappus of Arctic dandelion (Taraxacum arcticum) in description by Swedish botanist Hugo Dahlstedt (born Gustav Adolf Hugo Dahlstedt; Feb. 8, 1856-Oct. 2, 1934), "Taraxacum arcticum (Trautv.) n." (pages 8-15), in "Studier öfver arktiska Taraxaca af H. Dahlstedt. Med 6 textfigurer. Meddelad den 8 february 1905 af V. Wittrock och J. Eriksson." Arkiv för Botanik, Band 2, No. 8 (1905), pages 1-41.:
New York Botanical Garden, LuEsther T. Mertz Library, Public Domain, Biodiversity Heritage Library

Arctic dandelions feature a 5- to 8-leafed rosette ("rose-little"; French rose -ette) even as that stem-basing furnishes a below-ground white taproot, wider surface soil-ward, narrower downward.

Their taproot gives arctic dandelions their stable grounding in the surrounding soil even as their finer, fleshy, near-surface underground roots get and grant moist, water-soluble nutrients. Their rosettes have the same green as arctic-dandelion leaves even as all leaves host two-plus lobes, of which the final lobe houses a long, triangular tip. Arctic dandelions inspire in their leaves the lengths 5 to 10 centimeters (2 to 4 inches), the widths 1 to 1.5 centimeters (0.4 to 0.6 inches).

Author Naja Lund Aparico and illustrator Alex Nees journey through Seasons by the Lake: Adventures in Greenland even as they jubilate spring- and summer-month arctic dandelions.

rosette of Arctic dandelion's (Taraxacum arcticum) deeply lobed, long triangular terminally lobed leaves, near Longyearbyen, west central Spitsbergen Island, Svalbard archipelago, High Arctic, Norway; image obtained Friday, Aug. 10, 2012, 15:16:48.: Erlend Bjørtvedt (User:Bjoertvedt), CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Their rosettes kindle arctic-dandelion inflorescences ("to-begin-to-flower"; Latin inflōrēscō) even as arctic-dandelion flowers keep atop long, pinkish stems often downward-curving, wrinkled transversely ("across-turned"; Latin trānsversus [trāns versus]).

Flowering stems lodge one multi-bisexual florets- ("flower-little"; French florete [flor -ete) linking flower head even as cream-white ligules ("[leaf-]strap-little"; Latin ligula [lingua - ula) load purple-streaked undersides. Black-green, green, ripe-yellow pollen maintains itself nonfunctionally even as arctic dandelions manage seed-setting nonpollinated flowers and prolific flowering of many viable seeds that merit wind dispersals. Arctic-dandelion black-brown fruits niche shallow ridges even as they net white pappi ("seed-down"; Latin pappi; Greek πᾰ́πποι), whose parachute formations nudge their fruits into negotiating environment-navigating.

Author Naja Lund Aparico and illustrator Alex Nees offer Seasons by the Lake: Adventures in Greenland arctic dandelions even as the afore-observed plants occupy coastal-northern Greenland.

Figure 1. Ray flowers (Ligulae marginales):
1. Taraxacum phymatocarpum J. Vahl. 2. T. hyparcticum Dahlst., 3. T. arcticum (Trautv.) Dahlst., 4. T. glabrum DC. and 5. T. amblylepium Dahlst. Enlarged four times.
"Bild 1. Kantblommor (Ligulae marginales); 1. Taraxacum phymatocarpum J. Vahl. 2. T. hyparcticum Dahlst., 3. T. arcticum (Trautv.) Dahlst., 4. T. glabrum DC. och 5 T. amblylepium Dahlst. Fyra gånger förstorade." (Page 11)
Illustrations comparing ligules of Arctic dandelion (Taraxacum arcticum) (center) and four Taraxacum species in description by Swedish botanist Hugo Dahlstedt (born Gustav Adolf Hugo Dahlstedt; Feb. 8, 1856-Oct. 2, 1934), "Taraxacum arcticum (Trautv.) n." (pages 8-15), in "Studier öfver arktiska Taraxaca af H. Dahlstedt. Med 6 textfigurer. Meddelad den 8 february 1905 af V. Wittrock och J. Eriksson." Arkiv för Botanik, Band 2, No. 8 (1905), pages 1-41.:
New York Botanical Garden, LuEsther T. Mertz Library, Public Domain, Biodiversity Heritage Library

Tracheophyte (windpipe-artery-plant"; Greek τραχεῖα ἀρτηρία φυτά), spermatophyte ("seed-plant"; Greek σπέρμα φυτόν), angiosperm ("container[ized-]seed"; Greek ἀγγεῖον σπέρμα) cladeships respectively possibilitate nutrient, photosynthetic, water passages, seeds, fruit-protected seeds.

Eudicot ("good-two-cup-shaped-cavity"; Greek εὐ- δι- κοτυληδών) cladeship quarters two-embryonic-leafed germinated seedlings even as asterid ("star-resembling"; Latin astēr -idæ) cladeship queues fused-petal corolla ("chaplet/garlandet/wreath"; Latin corōlla) tubing. Asterales ("star-having"; astēr -ālēs) ordership realizes separate-petal-like, tiny-, true-flowered inflorescences even as asteraceae ("star-resembling"; Latin astēr -āceae) familyship relays bristled sepals; strap-shaped petals; one dry-fruit seed. Genus-specied Taraxacum arcticum ("herb-bitter northern"; Persian طَرْخَشْقُون/طَرَخَشْقُون/طَرَخْشَقُون; Greek ἀρκτικός [ἄρκτος‎ -ικός ]; Gustav Adolf Hugo Dahlstedt [Fri., Feb. 8, 1856-Tue., Oct. 2, 1934], 1935]) suggests perennial-, taprooted-herbaceousness.

Author Naja Lund Aparico and illustrator Alex Nees treat Seasons by the Lake: Adventures in Greenland to arctic dandelions, whose salad, tea transformations tempt natural-diet Greenlanders.

The Arctic dandelion (Taraxacum arcticum) is a perennial flowering plant in the Asteraceae family with a native range encompassing the arctic regions of Greenland and northern Europe to northern Russia, Greenland, N. Europe to N. Russian Far East, according to "Taraxacum arcticum (Trautv.) Dahlst.," on Royal Botanic Gardens Kew's Plants of the World Online website (https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:249501-2).
Arctic dandelions, Longyearbyen, west central Spitsbergen Island, Svalbard archipelago, High Arctic, Norway; image obtained Sunday, July 2, 2023.:
Marianne Moe @wildflowers_by_marianne, July 7, 2023, via Instagram

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Arctic dandelion (scientific name: Taraxacum arcticum; Norwegian: Arktisløvetann), Longyearbyen, west central Spitsbergen Island, Svalbard archipelago, High Arctic, Norway; image obtained July 2009 by User:Knut (talk/contribs) and uploaded Tuesday, July 21, 2009, 19:38, to Wikimedia Commons.: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taraxacum_arcticum_(Longyearbyen).JPG

Figure 2. Taraxacum arcticum (Trautv.) Dahlst.:
(top) 1, 2, and 4: inner leaves;
3 and 6: middle leaves;
5: outer leaves from different individuals, natural size.
(bottom; 7-11: left to right) 7-10: outer bract scales in order from outside inwards;
11: inner bract scale, 2 times enlarged.
(bottom; far right) 12: fruit with stalk and pappus, 4 times enlarged;
(bottom; second from right) 13: fruit, 7 times enlarged.
"Bild 2. Taraxacum arcticum (Trautv.) Dahlst.: 1, 2 och 4 inre blad, 3 och 6 mellersta bla och 5 yttre blad från skilda individ, naturlig storlek. -- 7-10 yttre holkfjåll i ordning utifrån och inåt och 11 inre holkfjåll, 2 gånger förstorade. -- 12 frukt med spröt och pappus, 4 gånger förstorad, och 13 frukt, 7 ganger förstorad." (Page 12)
Illustrations of leaves, fruit and pappus of Arctic dandelion (Taraxacum arcticum) in description by Swedish botanist Hugo Dahlstedt (born Gustav Adolf Hugo Dahlstedt; Feb. 8, 1856-Oct. 2, 1934), "Taraxacum arcticum (Trautv.) n." (pages 8-15), in "Studier öfver arktiska Taraxaca af H. Dahlstedt. Med 6 textfigurer. Meddelad den 8 february 1905 af V. Wittrock och J. Eriksson." Arkiv för Botanik, Band 2, No. 8 (1905), pages 1-41.:
New York Botanical Garden, LuEsther T. Mertz Library, Public Domain, Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28739814

rosette of Arctic dandelion's (Taraxacum arcticum) deeply lobed, long triangular terminally lobed leaves, near Longyearbyen, west central Spitsbergen Island, Svalbard archipelago, High Arctic, Norway; image obtained Friday, Aug. 10, 2012, 15:16:48.: Erlend Bjørtvedt (User:Bjoertvedt), CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taraxacum_arcticum_IMG_6963_arktislövetann_longyearbyen.JPG

Figure 1. Ray flowers (Ligulae marginales):
1. Taraxacum phymatocarpum J. Vahl. 2. T. hyparcticum Dahlst., 3. T. arcticum (Trautv.) Dahlst., 4. T. glabrum DC. and 5. T. amblylepium Dahlst. Enlarged four times.
"Bild 1. Kantblommor (Ligulae marginales); 1. Taraxacum phymatocarpum J. Vahl. 2. T. hyparcticum Dahlst., 3. T. arcticum (Trautv.) Dahlst., 4. T. glabrum DC. och 5 T. amblylepium Dahlst. Fyra gånger förstorade." (Page 11)
Illustrations comparing ligules of Arctic dandelion (Taraxacum arcticum) (center) and four Taraxacum species in description by Swedish botanist Hugo Dahlstedt (born Gustav Adolf Hugo Dahlstedt; Feb. 8, 1856-Oct. 2, 1934), "Taraxacum arcticum (Trautv.) n." (pages 8-15), in "Studier öfver arktiska Taraxaca af H. Dahlstedt. Med 6 textfigurer. Meddelad den 8 february 1905 af V. Wittrock och J. Eriksson." Arkiv för Botanik, Band 2, No. 8 (1905), pages 1-41.:
New York Botanical Garden, LuEsther T. Mertz Library, Public Domain, Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28739804

The Arctic dandelion (Taraxacum arcticum) is a perennial flowering plant in the Asteraceae family with a native range encompassing the arctic regions of Greenland and northern Europe to northern Russia, Greenland, N. Europe to N. Russian Far East, according to "Taraxacum arcticum (Trautv.) Dahlst.," on Royal Botanic Gardens Kew's Plants of the World Online website (https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:249501-2).
Arctic dandelions, Longyearbyen, west central Spitsbergen Island, Svalbard archipelago, High Arctic, Norway; image obtained Sunday, July 2, 2023.:
Marianne Moe @wildflowers_by_marianne, July 7, 2023, via Instagram @ https://www.instagram.com/p/CuZrzwWK-WE/

For further information:

Auerbach, Loren; and Jacqueline Simpson. 1997. Sagas of the Norsemen: Viking and German Myth. London [England UK:] Duncan Baird Publishers.

Benz, George W., Ph.D. "Greenland shark Somniosus microcephalus." Pages 156-157. In: Bernhard Grzimek, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 2nd edition. Volumes 4-5, Fishes I-II, edited by Michael Hutchins, Dennis A. Thoney, Paul V. Loiselle and Neil Schlager. Farmington Hills MI: Gale Group, 2003.

Bittel, Jason. 2023. "The Frozen Worlds." Illustrated by Claire McElfatrick. New York NY USA: DK Publishing.

Bloch, M. E. and Schneider, J. G. 1801. "Squalus microcephalus." Page 135. In: M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. Systema Ichthyol. i-lx + 1-584.
"Ord. III. ABD. G 37. Squalus. *29. MICROCEPHALUS. S. capite et pinnis parvis, dentibus parvis, compreſſis, acie lata, hamata, naribus terminalibus, pinna dorſali paulum poſt baſin pectoralium, meſsura poſt ventralium lineam perpendicularem poſita, omnibus remotiſſimis, ano pinnae caudali vicino, cauda brevi.
Habitat in mari glaciali.
Exemplum meum 13 pedes longum."
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5475232#page/199/mode/1up

Boxshall, Amy. 2020. "Greenland Shark." In: Amy Boxshall, My Awesome Sharks Book. England UK; The Wilderness, Beckhamsted, Hertfordshire; New York NY: Make Believe Ideas Ltd., 557 Broadway, Sep. 20, 2020.

Brydon, Alli. 2023. "Super Awesome Sharks." Pages 3-18. In: Alli Brydon, 4-Minute Shark Stories. Washington DC: National Geographic Kids, National Geographic Partners, LLC, 1145 17th St. NW, Nov. 7, 2023.

Chambers, Jewells. 22 January 2023. "U.S. (American) Fast Food Restaurants in Iceland." All Things Iceland. All Things Iceland> Episodes > Categories > All Things Iceland Episodes.
Available @ https://allthingsiceland.com/american-fast-food-restaurants-iceland/

Czerski, Helen. 2023. The Blue Machine: How the Ocean Works. New York NY: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. Originally published as The Blue Machine: How the Ocean Shapes Our World. Ealing, London, England, UK: Torva imprint, Transworld Publishers, 2023.

Esbensen, Barbara Juster. 1994. Baby Whales Drink Milk. Illustrated by Lambert Davis. New York NY 10022: Let's-Read-and-Find-Out Science Stage 1, HarperCollins Publishers, 10 East 53rd Street.

Flynn, Sarah Wassner. 1,000 Facts About Sharks. Foreword by Ichthyologist Dr. Phillip S. Lobel. Washington DC: National Geographic Kids, National Geographic Partners, LLC, 1145 17th St. NW, Nov. 7, 2023.

Gonzaga, Shireen. 15 July 2025. "Teenage Greenland sharks' hangout spot revealed in new study." EarthSky > Earth. Available @ https://earthsky.org/earth/teenage-greenland-sharks-hangout-spot-revealed-in-new-study/

“Greenland.” Universal City, CA: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment LLC, Feb. 9, 2021.

Hargrave, Kelly; and Andrea Silen. 2022. Can't Get Enough Shark Stuff. National Geographic Kids. Washington DC: National Geographic Partners, LLC, 1145 17th Street N.W.

Hargrave, Kiran Millwood. 2021. Julia and the Shark. Illustrated by Tom de Freston. Great Britain: Hodder & Stoughton Limited; New York, NY, USA: Union Square Kids, Union Square & Co., LLC, Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.

Harvey, Derek. 2015. Super Shark Encyclopedia and Other Creatures of the Deep. First American Edition. New York NY: DK Publishing, Penguin Random House.

Hinds, Kathryn. 2010. Barbarians! Vikings. Tarrytown NY: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 99 White Plains Rd.

Jackson, Justin. 10 March 2025. "Exploring the Greenland shark's secret to extreme longevity." MSN > News > Phys.org.
Available @ https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/exploring-the-greenland-shark-s-secret-to-extreme-longevity/ar-AA1ADntq?ocid=binghp01&cvid=bbbe85c2dec84268ea41db6295f5a3cf&ei=124

Kuhnlein, Harriet V.; and Murray M. Humphries. 2017. "Sharks." In: Kuhnlein, H.V.; and M.M. Humphries. 2017. Traditional Animal Foods of Indigenous Peoples of Northern North America. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, McGill University. TraditionalAnimalFoods.org > Animals > Animal Groups > Fish > Saltwater Fish > Sharks > Ethnography.
Available @ http://traditionalanimalfoods.org/fish/saltwater/page.aspx?id=6440

Langford, Beckham. 20 February 2026. "Built to live centuries, Greenland sharks now face an uncertain future." MSN > English > News > Technology > Morning Overview.< br/> Available @ https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/built-to-live-centuries-greenland-sharks-now-face-an-uncertain-future/ar-AA1Wptim?ocid=BingHp01&cvid=b7965461732f4387bcff35b0d6e0198d&ei=33

Macfarlane, Robert. 2019. Underland: A Deep Time Journey. New York NY: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 5th Avenue.

MacQuitty, Miranda. 2008. Shark. New York NY: Eyewitness Book, DK Publishing, 1745 Broadway, 20th Floor.

MacQuitty, Miranda. 2022. Shark. New York NY: Eyewitness Book, DK Publishing, 1745 Broadway, 20th Floor.

Margeson, Susan M. 2014. Eyewitness Viking. Revised Edition. New York NY: DK Publishing, 1745 Broadway, 20th Floor, [American Edition] 2014. First American Edition, 1994.

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 July 2026. "Arctic Dandelions Avail Naja Lund Aparico Yellow Seasons by the Lake." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/07/arctic-dandelions-avail-naja-lund.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 June 2026. "Crowberries Assure Naja Lund Aparico of Appetizing Seasons by the Lake." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/06/crowberries-assure-naja-lund-aparico-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2026. "Dwarf Fireweed Assures Bright, Deep Pink and Green Seasons by the Lake." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/06/dwarf-fireweed-assures-bright-deep-pink.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2026. "White Cottongrass Announces Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/06/white-cottongrass-announces-seasons-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2026. "Arctic Hares Abide All Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/06/arctic-hares-abide-all-seasons-by-lake.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 May 2026. "Snow Buntings Aerialize, Aestheticize and Announce Seasons by the Lake." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/05/snow-buntings-aerialize-aestheticize.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 May 2026. "A Greenland Dog Assures Safe Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/05/a-greenland-dog-assures-safe-seasons-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 May 2026. "Arctic Fritillary Ages Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/05/arctic-fritillary-ages-seasons-by-lake.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 May 2026. "Where Are the Greenlanders in Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico?" Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/05/where-are-greenlanders-in-seasons-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 April 2026. "What Languages Are in Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico?" Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/what-languages-are-in-seasons-by-lake.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 April 2026. "What Foods Are in Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico?." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/what-foods-are-in-seasons-by-lake-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2026. "Daily Activities Allay Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/daily-activities-allay-seasons-by-lake.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2026. "Green and White Colors Anchor Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/green-and-white-colors-anchor-seasons.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 April 2026. "Greenland Attire Appears in Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/greenland-attire-appears-in-seasons-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 March 2026. "Seasons by the Lake Acquaints Us With Greenland Houses, Inside and Out." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/seasons-by-lake-acquaints-us-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2026. "Naja Lund Aparico Avails Seasons by the Lake Tuesday, March 17, 2026." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/naja-lund-aparico-avails-seasons-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 April 2026. "What Foods Are in Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico?." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/what-foods-are-in-seasons-by-lake-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2026. "Daily Activities Allay Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/daily-activities-allay-seasons-by-lake.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2026. "Green and White Colors Anchor Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/green-and-white-colors-anchor-seasons.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 April 2026. "Greenland Attire Appears in Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/greenland-attire-appears-in-seasons-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 March 2026. "Seasons by the Lake Acquaints Us With Greenland Houses, Inside and Out." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/seasons-by-lake-acquaints-us-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2026. "Naja Lund Aparico Avails Seasons by the Lake Tuesday, March 17, 2026." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/naja-lund-aparico-avails-seasons-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2026. "Greenland Twinflower as Linnaea Borealis Affirms What Linnaeus Saw." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/greenland-twinflower-as-linnaea.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 October 2025. "Arctic Chill Acquainted Knud Rasmussen With Greenland in White Eskimo." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/10/arctic-chill-acquainted-knud-rasmussen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 October 2025. "Greenland Chill Ails Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/10/greenland-chill-ails-collapse-how.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 October 2025. "Greenland Chill and Greenland Thaw Arise in The Winds of Change." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/10/greenland-chill-and-greenland-thaw.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 October 2025. "Curio, Trophy, Weapon Hunts Ail Greenland Sharks in Sharks & Rays." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/10/curio-trophy-weapon-hunts-ail-greenland.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 September 2025. "Bycatch, Overfishing, Products Industry Ail Greenland Sharks in Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/bycatch-overfishing-products-industry.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 September 2025. "Arctic Thaw Ails All Greenland in Smithsonian Ocean by Deborah Cramer." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/arctic-thaw-ails-all-greenland-in_01338646045.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 September 2025. "Arctic Chill and Arctic Thaw Affix Greenland in The Winds of Change." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/arctic-chill-and-arctic-thaw-affix.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 September 2025. "Oils Are Why Greenland Sharks Are in Greenland by Jean F. Blashfield." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/oils-are-why-greenland-sharks-are-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 August 2025. "Arctic Thaw Awaits Greenland Sharks in Ocean by Miezan van Zyl." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/arctic-thaw-awaits-greenland-sharks-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 August 2025. "Greenland Sharks Not Polar Thaw Awe The Ocean by Miranda Krestovnikoff." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/greenland-sharks-not-polar-thaw-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 August 2025. "The Illustrated Atlas of Wildlife Adds Arctic Thaw to Greenland Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/the-illustrated-atlas-of-wildlife-adds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 August 2025. "Arctic Thaw Affects No Greenland Sharks in Everything About Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/arctic-thaw-affects-no-greenland-sharks.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 July 2025. "Greenland Sharks Age Despite or Due to Arctic Thaw in Mission: Arctic." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/greenland-sharks-age-despite-or-due-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 July 2025. "Arctic Thaw Aggresses Greenland Sharks in The Ultimate Book of Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/arctic-thaw-aggresses-greenland-sharks.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 July 2025. "People, Not Arctic Thaw, Aggress Greenland Sharks in 100 Facts/Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/people-not-arctic-thaw-aggress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 July 2025. "Pores Aid Greenland Sharks During Climate Change in South with the Sun." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/pores-aid-greenland-sharks-during.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 July 2025. "Greenland Sharks Maybe Avoid Arctic Thaw as Greenland Ice Melt in Ice." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/greenland-sharks-maybe-avoid-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 June 2025. "The Secret History of Sharks Absents Arctic Thaw From Greenland Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/the-secret-history-of-sharks-absents.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 June 2025. "Arctic Thaw Aids No Overfished Greenland Sharks in Vanishing Treasures." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/arctic-thaw-aids-no-overfished.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 June 2025. "No Arctic Thaws Ax Greenland Sharks in Sharks and Other Dangerous Fish." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/no-arctic-thaws-ax-greenland-sharks-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 June 2025. "Arctic Thaw Alarms No Greenland Sharks in Fantastic Facts About Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/arctic-thaw-alarms-no-greenland-sharks.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 May 2025. "Arctic Thaw Ails No Overfished Greenland Sharks in How Old Is a Whale." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/arctic-thaw-ails-no-overfished.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 May 2025. "Men With Chains, Hooks, Pollution Ail Greenland Sharks in Shark Drunk." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/men-with-chains-hooks-pollution-ail.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 May 2025. "Overkilling Afflicts Greenland Sharks in Shark by Dr Miranda Macquitty." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/overkilling-afflicts-greenland-sharks.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 May 2025. "Overfishing Affects Greenland Sharks in Shark by Dr Miranda Macquitty." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/overfishing-affects-greenland-sharks-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 May 2025. "Greenland Sharks Are in Can't Get Enough Shark Stuff by Kelly Hargrave." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/greenland-sharks-are-in-cant-get-enough.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 April 2025. "Jonathan Sheikh-Miller, Monica Tamariz Avail Tiburones Greenland Shark." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/jonathan-sheikh-miller-monica-tamariz.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 April 2025. "George W Benz Authors Greenland Shark for Grzimek's Animal Life." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/george-w-benz-authors-greenland-shark.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 April 2025. "Super Shark by Derek Harvey Airs Greenland Sharks Without Arctic Thaw." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/super-shark-by-derek-harvey-airs_59.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 April 2025. "Greenland Sharks in The Shark Handbook by Dr Skomal Avoid Arctic Thaw." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/greenland-sharks-in-shark-handbook-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 March 2025. "The Encyclopedia of Sharks by Steve Parker Applauds Greenland Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/the-encyclopedia-of-sharks-by-steve.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 March 2025. "Jennifer V Schmidt Authors Greenland Shark for World Book Volume 8: G." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/jennifer-v-schmidt-authors-greenland.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 March 2025. "Mary Pope Osborne Adds No Greenland Sharks to Narwhal on a Sunny Night." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/mary-pope-osborne-adds-no-greenland.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2025. "Greenland Sharks Allure Julia and the Shark by Kiran Millwood Hargrave." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/greenland-sharks-allure-julia-and-shark.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 February 2025. "Angela's Glacier by Jordan Scott Amplifies Greenland Thaw in Underland." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/angelas-glacier-by-jordan-scott.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 February 2025. "Greenland Thaw and Nuclear Waste Appall Robert Macfarlane in Underland." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/greenland-thaw-and-nuclear-waste-appall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 February 2025. "Greenland, World Waters and Their Water World Life Affect Each Other." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/greenland-world-waters-and-their-water.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 February 2025. "Arctic Thaw Affects Arctic Circle, Arctic Ocean Island Greenland." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/arctic-thaw-affects-arctic-circle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 January 2025. "Michael J Trinklein Absents Arctic Thaw From Iceland in Lost States." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/michael-j-trinklein-absents-arctic-thaw_30.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2025. "Arctic Thaw Affects Greenland in Lost States by Michael J Trinklein." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/arctic-thaw-affects-greenland-in-lost.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 November 2015. "5 Percent Greenland Ice Sheet Loss as Zachariae Isstrom Glacier Melts." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/11/5-percent-greenland-ice-sheet-loss-as.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 July 2014. "Greenland Sleeper Shark Natural History Illustrations and Photographs." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/07/greenland-sleeper-shark-natural-history.html

McPherson, Stephanie Sammartino. 2015. Arctic Thaw: Climate Change and the Global Race for Energy Resources. Minneapolis MN: Twenty-First Century Books, division of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc.

Muir, Michael. 11 August 2025. "Scientists puzzled by new phenomenon witnessed on Greenland ice sheet: 'We haven't observed anything like this before.'" MSN > Weather > The Cool Down.
Available @ https://www.msn.com/en-us/weather/topstories/scientists-puzzled-by-new-phenomenon-witnessed-on-greenland-ice-sheet-we-haven-t-observed-anything-like-this-before/ar-AA1Klep4?ocid=BingHp01&cvid=8033e83665b6498df127408b13656bd6&ei=10

Murray, Lily. 2022. "Greenland Shark Life Span: Up to 400 Years." Pages 54-55. In: How Old Is a Whale? Animal Life Spans From the Mayfly to the Immortal Jellyfish. Illustrated by Jesse Hodgson. Somerville MA: Big Picture Press.

Nuttall, Mark. "Greenland. Pages 383-385. In: World Book Encyclopedia Volume 8 G. Chicago IL: World Book, Inc.

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Parker, Steve. 2008. The Encyclopedia of Sharks. Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books Ltd.; Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books (U.S.) Inc.

Prunetti, Luigi. 1996. Viking Explorers. Translated by Paul Clark. England: Macdonald Young Books Ltd., 1995. New York, NY: Peter Bedrick Books, 156 Fifth Ave.

Rayne, Elizabeth. 20 August 2025. "Sharks Are Older Than Trees, Which Seems Wrong." Popular Mechanics > News > Technology.
Available @ https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/sharks-are-older-than-trees-which-seems-wrong/ar-AA1KNGIw?ocid=BingHp01&cvid=e56f9a93ddf2491c9a1e042eb374152f&ei=93#image=1

Robson, Denny. 2001. Sharks and Other Dangerous Fish. Wild, Wild World. A Question and Answer book. Illustrated by James Field. Bath BA1 1HE, UK: Parragon Publishing.

Schmidt, Jennifer V. "Greenland Shark." Pages 385-386. In: World Book Encyclopedia Volume 8 G. Chicago IL: World Book, Inc.

Scott, Jordan. Angela's Glacier. Illustrated by Diana Sudyka. New York NY: Neil Porter Books, Holiday House, Jan. 2, 2024.

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