Earth and Space News

Thursday, January 6, 2022

Cleopatra's Only Grandson Was Executed by Third Roman Emperor Caligula

Summary: Ptolemy of Mauretania, Cleopatra's only grandson, was executed by his second cousin, third Roman Emperor Caligula, whose motive remains unresolved.

Ptolemy of Mauretania, grandson of last Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra through his mother, Cleopatra Selene II, Queen of Mauritania, ruled Mauretania as co-regent with his father, Juba II, as of 21 CE and, after his father's death, as King of Mauritania from 23 CE until his murder, ordered by his second cousin, third Roman Emperor Caligula, in 40 CE; ca. 5-20 CE bronze bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania, unearthed in central square of Uppsala, Sweden, in mid-19th century; Tuesday, June 5, 2007, image of bronze bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania, on-loan display (Anonymous Loan L.2007.16) at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, then at New York University's Institute for the Study of the Ancient World (ISAW): Mary Harrsch (mharrsch), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Ptolemy of Mauretania, last Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra's only grandson, was executed by third Roman Emperor Caligula, whose motive for ordering his second cousin's death remains unsettled.

Cleopatra VII Philopator (69-Aug. 10 or 12, 30 BCE), and Roman militarian and politician Marcus Antonius "Mark Antony" (Jan. 14, 83-Aug. 1, 30 BCE) had three children. Twins Cleopatra Selene II (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Σελήνη; "Cleopatra the Moon"; 40-5 BCE) and Alexander Helios (Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος Ἥλιος; "Alexander the Sun"; 40 BCE-?) were born in 40 BCE. Ptolemy Philadelphus (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος ὁ Φιλάδελφος, Ptolemaios Philadelphos; 36-29 BCE) was born in 36 BCE as the power couple's second son and third and last child.

Cleopatra Selene may have been the only one of the couple's children to survive the aftermath of her parent's defeat and deaths in summer 30 BCE. Cleopatra and Mark Antony lost July's Battle of Alexandria to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus "Octavian" (Gaius Octavius; Caesar Augustus as of January BCE; Sep. 23, 63 BCE-Aug. 19, 14 CE). The adopted son and heir of Roman general and statesman Gaius Julius Caesar (July 12 or 13, 100-March 15, 44 BCE) entered Alexandria on Aug. 1 as victor. Mark Antony's and Cleopatra's supposed deaths by suicide swiftly followed. Octavian arranged a home for the three orphans with his sister, Octavia the Younger (Latin: Octavia Minor; ca. 66/69-11 BCE). Yet, the last mention of Cleopatra Selene's brothers occurs as a promise to spare their lives as a wedding present in 25 BCE to newly weds Cleopatra Selene and Juba II (Latin: Gaius Iulius Iuba; Ancient Greek: Ἰóβας, Ἰóβα or Ἰούβας; ca. 48 BCE-23 CE).

Octavian has been credited with ordering the executions of Cleopatra's and Mark Antony's heirs, according to Greek biographer Plutarch (46 BCE-ca. 122 CE) in Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, commonly known as Parallel Lives (Bernadotte Perrin translation [1920]; Plutarch's Lives, vol. IX: Anthony, pages 318-321). Ptolemy XV Caesar Philopator Philometor (47-30 BCE) was fathered by Julius Caesar as Cleopatra's first son and first child. Marcus Antonius Antyllus (47 BCE-Aug. 23, 30 BCE) was the older of two sons born to Mark Antony and his third wife, Fulvia (ca. 83-40 BCE).

Octavian's exemptions for Alexander Helios and Ptolemy Philadelphus were reported by Roman historian Lucius Cassius Dio (ca. 155-235 CE), known as Dio Cassius, in Roman History (Ῥωμαϊκὴ Ἱστορία, Historia Romana), his historical compendium of ancient Rome, written in Greek. The brothers then disappeared from extant literary sources. Were they allowed to live quiet, safe lives? Did they die natural deaths? Or were they executed, despite Octavian's promise?

"Cleopatra was married to Juba, the son of Juba; for to this man who had been brought up in Italy and had been with him on campaigns, Caesar gave both the maid and the kingdom of his fathers, and as a favour to them spared the lives of Alexander and Ptolemy," Dio Cassius stated (Earnest Cary translation [1955]; Dio's Roman History, vol. VI, Book LI: 15.6, page 43).

marble bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania, Archaeological Museum of Cherchell (Arabic: متحف شرشال; French: Musée public national de Cherchell), Tipaza province, central coastal Algeria; image taken Thursday, May 31, 2018: Pericles of Athens (PericlesofAthens), CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication, via Wikimedia Commons

Octavian gifted Cleopatra Selene and her husband with the rulership of northwestern Africa's Mauretania in 25 BCE. The King and Queen of Mauretania had at least two children, a son and "perhaps" a daughter, according to British archaeologist and Egyptologist Joyce Tyldesley (born Feb. 25, 1960) in Cleopatra: Last Queen of Egypt (Chapter Eight: Cleopatra's Children, page 201), published in 2008. Ptolemy (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος, Ptolemaîos; Latin: Gaius Iulius Ptolemaeus; ca. 13/9 BCE–40 CE), known as Ptolemy of Mauretania, was born, ca. 13 to 9 BCE, as their first child, according to British Egyptologist Joann Fletcher (born Aug. 30, 1966) in Cleopatra the Great (Part Six, Chapter 12 Epilogue: The Aftermath, page 336), published in 2011.

Ptolemy ruled as his father's co-regent, beginning in 21 CE. As his father's heir, Ptolemy succeeded to the Mauretanian kingship in 23 CE (Fletcher, page 337).

In 39 CE Ptolemy journeyed to Rome at the request of third Roman Emperor (37-41 CE) Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (Aug. 31, 12-Jan. 24, 41 CE), known as Caligula (Fletcher, page 338). The emperor had received his nickname, Caligula (Latin: "little boot"), from his father's soldiers, according to Roman historian Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (ca. 69-after 122 BCE) in his biography of Caligula in De Vita Caesarum (Life of the Caesars), commonly known as The Twelve Caesars. "His surname Caligula he derived from a joke of the troops, because he was brought up in their midst in the dress of a common soldier," Suetonius explained, according to the English translation by American classical scholar John Carew Rolfe (Oct. 15, 1859-March 26, 1943), published in 1914 (Book IV, pages 415, 417).

The installation of Ptolemy's parents as King and Queen of Mauretania in 25 BCE had established the tribal Berber territory as a client kingdom of the Roman Empire. In addition to their political relationship as emperor and client king, the third Roman emperor and the King of Mauretania were related as second cousins. Caligula and Ptolemy shared Mark Antony as their grandfather. Caligula's grandmother was Mark Antony's fourth wife, Octavia the Younger (Latin: Octavia Minor; ca. 66/69-11 BCE), Octavian's sister.

The trip proved fatal for Ptolemy. Alternatively jealous perceptions of fine attire-induced greater attention or of greater wealth have been reported as motives for Caligula's order of execution for his second cousin.

"After inviting Ptolemy . . . to come from his kingdom and receiving him with honour, he suddenly had him executed for no other reason than that when giving a gladiatorial show, he noticed that Ptolemy on entering the theatre attracted general attention by the splendour of his purple cloak," reported Suetonius (John C. Rolfe's translation [1914], Book IV, XXXV, page 459).

". . . Gaius sent for Ptolemy, the son of Juba, and on learning that he was wealthy put him to death . . .," recorded Dio Cassius (Earnest Cary translation [1955]; Dio's Roman History, vol. VI, Book LIX: 25.1, page 337).

reworked bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania, found in Rome, formerly in collection of Rome's Palazzo Ruspoli, now Musei Vaticani, Museo Chiaramonti, Braccio nuovo (Vatican Museums, Chiaramonti Museum, New Wing), inventory number 2253; Saturday, April 3, 2010, 09:00, image of Ptolemy of Mauretania: Sailko, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

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Draycott, Jane; and Sam Haselby, ed. "The other Cleopatra: Daughter of Cleopatra and Mark Antony, she became the influential queen of a mysterious, abundant North African kingdom." Aeon > Essays.
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Fletcher, Joann, Dr. Cleopatra the Great: The Woman Behind the Legend. New York: Harper Collins, 1988.
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Gavorse, Joseph. ". . . . After inviting Ptolemy, whom I have mentioned before, to come from his kingdom he received him with honor, then suddenly had him executed for no other reason than that when giving a gladiatorial show, he noticed that Ptolemy on entering the theater attracted general attention by the splendor of his purple cloak." Book IV: 35.1, Page 188. The Lives of the Twelve Caesars by Suetonius. Book IV Gaius Caligula: 165-203. New York: The Modern Library, 1931.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/livesofthetwelve035040mbp/page/n213/mode/1up

Gavorse, Joseph. "It would be trivial and pointless to add to this an account of his treatment of his relatives and friends, Ptolemy, son of King Juba, his cousin (for he was the grandson of Mark Antony by Antony's daughter Selene), and in particular Macro himself and even Ennia, who helped him to the throne. All these were rewarded for their kinship and their faithful services by violent deaths." Book IV: 26.1, Page 182. The Lives of the Twelve Caesars by Suetonius. Book IV Gaius Caligula: 165-203. New York: The Modern Library, 1931.
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Gavorse, Joseph. "Toward those to whom he was devoted his partiality became madness. . . . When a Roman Knight created a disturbance, he sent a Centurion to bid him go without delay to Ostia and carry to King Ptolemy in Mauretania a message the purport of which was: 'Do neither good nor ill to the man whom I have sent you.'" Book IV: 55.1, Page 199. The Lives of the Twelve Caesars by Suetonius. Book IV Gaius Caligula: 165-203. New York: The Modern Library, 1931.
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Institute for the Study of the Ancient World."Bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania." NYU / ISAW (New York University Institute for the Study of the Ancient World) > Exhibitions > When the Greeks Ruled Egypt > Highlights.
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Lahanas, Michael. "Ptolemy of Mauretania, Louvre Ma1887." Hellenica World.
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Lucius Cassius Dio. ". . . . Cleopatra was married to Juba, the son of Juba; for to this man who had been brought up in Italy and had been with him on campaigns, Caesar gave both the maid and the kingdom of his fathers, and as a favour to them spared the lives of Alexander and Ptolemy. . . ." Book LI: 15.5-15.6, page 43. Dio's Roman History, vol. VI. With an English Translation by Earnest Cary, Ph.D. On the Basis of the Version of Herbert Baldwin Forster, Ph.D. Loeb Classical Library LBL 175. London: William Heinemann Ltd; Cambridge MA Harvard University Press, MCMLV [1955].
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/diosromanhistory06cassuoft/page/43/mode/1up

Lucius Cassius Dio. "While the senators were passing these decrees, Gaius sent for Ptolemy, the son of Juba, and on learning that he was wealthy put him to death . . ." Book LIX: 25.1, pages 336-337. Dio's Roman History, vol. VII. With an English Translation by Earnest Cary, Ph.D. On the Basis of the Version of Herbert Baldwin Forster, Ph.D. Loeb Classical Library LBL 175. London: William Heinemann Ltd; Cambridge MA Harvard University Press, MCMLV [1955].
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/diosromanhistory07cassuoft/page/336/mode/1up

Lyubimova, Olga. "Portrait of Ptolemy, king of Numidia and Mauretania. Profile. 20/21—40 CE. Inv. No. 2253. Rome, Vatican Museums, Chiaramonti Museum, New Wing, 65 (Roma, Musei Vaticani, Museo Chiaramonti, Braccio nuovo, 65)." History of Ancient Rome > Antique Art > The Gallery of Ancient Art.
Available via @ https://ancientrome.ru/art/artworken/img.htm?id=3614

Moonan, Wendy. "An Ancient Bronze Bust With a Tragic Story of Jealous Treachery." The New York Times > Arts > Antiques. Section E, page 42. Dec. 3, 2004.
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Perrin, Bernadotte, trans. "LXXXI. As for the children of Antony, Antyllus, his son by Fulvia, was betrayed by Theodorus his tutor and put to death; and after the soldiers had cut off his head, his tutor took away the exceeding precious stone which the boy wore about his neck and sewed it into his own girdle; and though he denied the deed, he was convicted of it and crucified. [2] Cleopatra's children, together with their attendants, were kept under guard and had generous treatment. But Caesarion, who was said to be Cleopatra's son by Julius Caesar, was sent by his mother, with much treasure, into India, by way of Ethiopia. There Rhodon, another tutor like Theodorus, persuaded him to go back, on the ground that Caesar invited him to take the kingdom. But while Caesar was deliberating on the matter, we are told that Areius said: -- Not a good thing were a Caesar too many." Pages 318-321. Plutarch's Lives, vol. IX: Anthony, pages 138-333. In eleven volumes. Loeb Classical Library. First printed 1920. London: William Heinemann Ltd; Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, MCMLIX [1959].
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Available via Perseus Digital Library Project -- Tufts University @ http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0007%3Achapter%3D81

Rolfe, J.C. (John C.), trans. "VII. He had to wife Agrippina, daughter of Marcus Agrippa and Julia, who bore him nine children. Two of these were taken off when they were still in infancy, and one just as he was reaching the age of boyhood, a charming child, whose statue, in the guise of Cupid, Livia dedicated in the temple of the Capitoline Venus, while Augustus had another placed in his bed chamber and used to kiss it fondly whenever he entered the room. The other children survived their father, three girls, Agrippina, Drusilla, and Livilla, born in successive years, and three boys, Nero, Drusus, and Gaius Caesar. Nero and Drusus were adjudged public enemies by the senate on the accusation of Tiberius." Book IV: pages 410-413. Suetonius. The Lives of the Caesars. In two volumes: I. Book IV: Gaius Caligula, pages 403-497. London: William Heinemann; New York: The Macmillan Co., MCMXIV [1914].
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/suetonius-lives-of-the-caesars-with-an-english-translation-by-j.-c.-rolfe-pp-1004/page/n413/mode/1up

Rolfe, J.C. (John C.), trans. "IX. His surname Caligula he derived from a joke of the troops, because he was brought up in their midst in the dress of a common soldier. To what extent besides he won their love and devotion by being reared in fellowship with them is especially evident from the fact that when they threatened mutiny after the death of Augustus and were ready for any act of madness, the mere sight of Gaius unquestionably calmed them. For they did not become quiet until they saw that he was being spirited away because of the danger from their outbreak and taken for protection to the nearest town. Then at last they became contrite, and lying hold of the carriage and stopping it, begged to be spared the disgrace which was being put upon them." Book IV: pages 414-417. Suetonius. The Lives of the Caesars. In two volumes: I. Book IV: Gaius Caligula, pages 403-497. London: William Heinemann; New York: The Macmillan Co., MCMXIV [1914].
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/suetonius-lives-of-the-caesars-with-an-english-translation-by-j.-c.-rolfe-pp-1004/page/n417/mode/1up

Rolfe, J.C. (John C.), trans. "XXVI. It would be trivial and pointless to add to this an account of his treatment of his relatives and friends, Ptolemy, son of king Juba, his cousin (for he was the grandson of Mark Antony by Antony's daughter Selene), and in particular Macro himself and even Ennia, who helped him to the throne; all these were rewarded for their kinship and their faithful services by a bloody death." Book IV: 26.1, pages 444-445. Suetonius. The Lives of the Caesars. In two volumes: I. Book IV: Gaius Caligula, pages 403-497. London: William Heinemann; New York: The Macmillan Co., MCMXIV [1914].
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/suetonius-lives-of-the-caesars-with-an-english-translation-by-j.-c.-rolfe-pp-1004/page/n447/mode/1up

Rolfe, J.C. (John C.), trans. "XXXV. . . . After inviting Ptolemy, whom I have mentioned before, to come from his kngdom and receiving him with honour, he suddenly had him executed for no other reason than that when giving a gladiatorial show, he noticed that Ptolemy on entering the theatre attracted general attention by the splendour of his purple cloak." Book IV: 35.1, pages 458-459. Suetonius. The Lives of the Caesars. In two volumes: I. Book IV: Gaius Caligula, pages 403-497. London: William Heinemann; New York: The Macmillan Co., MCMXIV [1914].
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/suetonius-lives-of-the-caesars-with-an-english-translation-by-j.-c.-rolfe-pp-1004/page/n461/mode/1up

Rolfe, J.C. (John C.), trans. "LV. Toward those whom he was devoted his partiality became madness. . . . When a Roman knight created a disturbance, he sent a centurion to bid him go without delay to Ostia and carry a message for him to king Ptolemy in Mauretania; and its purport was this: 'Do neither good nor ill to the man whom I have sent you.'" Book IV: 55.1, pages 486-489. Suetonius. The Lives of the Caesars. In two volumes: I. Book IV: Gaius Caligula, pages 403-497. London: William Heinemann; New York: The Macmillan Co., MCMXIV [1914].
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Wednesday, January 5, 2022

Titan Has Five High Albedo Features That Brighten Its Surface

Summary: Titan has five high albedo features that brighten its surface, with four centered in the equatorial belt and one centered outside the equatorial belt.

Detail of Titan VIMS (Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) Map shows (left) bright albedo feature Xanadu's occupancy of both anti-Saturn and Saturn-facing sides; (center) Quivira's and Tsegihi's occupancy on Saturn-facing side; and (upper right) Dilmun's and Adiri's occupancy of Titan's anti-Saturn side; map credit NASA/JPL/University of Arizona: no known copyright restrictions, via IAU-USGS Astrogeology Science Center's Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Titan has five high albedo features that brighten its surface, with two centered in the northern equatorial belt, two centered in the southern equatorial belt and one centered outside the southern equatorial belt.

The high reflectivity of Titan's five named bright albedo features shine the Saturnian moon's surface. Adiri, Dilmun, Quivira, Tsegihi and Xanadu are the five albedo features that contribute brightness to the moon's surface. Four of the five bright albedo features are centered in the equatorial belt. Only Tsegihi is centered outside of the equatorial belt.

Titan's planetographic coordinate system of numbering longitude in degrees west of the prime meridian finds successively farther west placements of Xanadu, Dilmun and Adiri with respect to prime meridian neighbor Quivira. Prime meridian neighbor Tsegihi's location is south of Quivira and southeast of the other three.

Adiri lies to the southwest of Dilmun and to the west of Xanadu and Quivira. Adiri is positioned to the northwest of Tsegihi.

Adiri is centered at minus 10 degrees south latitude, 210 degrees west longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The southern equatorial belt-centered bright albedo feature's center coordinates are repeated as its northernmost and southernmost latitudes and easternmost and westernmost longitudes. Adiri's diameter, entered as zero, is likewise unspecified.

Dilmun is sited to the northwest of Quivira, Tsegihi and Xanadu. It is located to the northeast of Adiri.

Dilmun is centered at 15 degrees north latitude, 175 degrees west longitude. The Gazetteer repeats the northern equatorial belt-centered bright albedo feature's center coordinates as its northernmost-southernmost latitudes and easternmost-westernmost longitudes. Dilmun's diameter is listed at zero.

Quivira is positioned as the closest of the four equatorial belt-centered bright albedo features to Titan's prime meridian. Tsegihi is located to the south of Quivira. Xanadu and Adiri have southwesterly placements with respect to Quivira. Northern equatorial belt-centered Dilmun lies to the northwest of Quivira.

Quivira is centered latitudinally on the equator, at 0 degrees latitude. Its center longitude is established at 15 degrees west longitude. The equator-centered bright albedo feature's center coordinates are repeated as its northernmost-southernmost latitudes and easternmost-westernmost longitudes. Quivira's diameter is identified as zero.

Tsegihi occurs as the only non-equatorial belt-centered bright albedo feature. Its centering outside of the equatorial belt gives it a southerly placement with respect to Quivira and southeasterly distances from Xanadu, Dilmun and Adiri.

Tsegihi is centered at minus 40 degrees south latitude, 10 degrees west longitude. The southern middle latitude-centered bright albedo feature's centered coordinates are listed as its northernmost-southernmost latitudes and easternmost-westernmost longitudes. Zero is given as Tsegihi's diameter.

Tsegihi joins Quivira as the two bright albedo features that are in proximity to Titan's prime meridian. Tsegihi's longitude of 10 degrees west places it closer to the prime meridian than Quivira's longitude of 15 degrees west.

Xanadu lies to the west of Quivira and to the northwest of Tseghi. Its location places it to the southeast of Dilmun and east of Adiri.

Xanadu is centered at minus 15 degrees south latitude, 100 degrees west longitude. The Gazetteer provides a complete profile of southern equatorial belt-centered bright albedo feature. Its northernmost and southernmost latitudes stretch to 10 degrees north and minus 40 degrees south, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes extend to 65 degrees west and 150 degrees west, respectively. Xanadu's diameter spans 3,400 kilometers.

Titan's same-faced showing with respect to its parent planet expresses the equivalent durations of the Saturnian moon's orbital and rotational periods. Titan's near side always faces Saturn. Titan's far side, known as its anti-Saturn side, always turns away from Saturn.

Two of Titan's five bright albedo features occupy the Saturnian moon's Saturn-facing side. Quivira's and Tsegihi's placements near the prime meridian assure their residence on Titan's Saturn-facing side.

Two of Titan's five bright albedo features are found on Titan's anti-Saturn side. Dilmun's center latitude of 175 degrees west longitude places it in proximity to Titan's anti-meridian, located, opposite the prime meridian, at 180 degrees west longitude. Adiri's center latitude of 210 degrees west longitude approaches the anti-meridian by only 30 degrees.

One of Titan's five bright albedo features primarily lies on Titan's anti-Saturn side but its immensity extends over the trailing limb to establish territory on Titan's Saturn-facing side. Xanadu's center latitude of 100 degrees west longitude and westernmost longitude of 150 degrees place its central and western regions on Titan's anti-Saturn side. Xanadu's easternmost longitude of 65 degrees gives eastern Xanadu 25 degrees of occupancy on Titan's leading hemisphere.

Titan's five named bright albedo features distinguish themselves with individualized profiles. Adiri and Xanadu are both centered in the southern equatorial belt. Yet, Adiri is sited on Titan's anti-Saturn side while Xanadu's immensity finds territory on both sides. Proximity to Titan's prime meridian guarantees Saturn-side occupancy for equator-centered Quivira and southern middle latitude-centered Tsegihi.

Detail of Titan With ISS (Imaging Science Subsystem) Backgroun Map shows equatorial belt dominance of bright albedo features (left to right: Adiri, Dilmun, Xanadu and Quivira) and southern middle latitude occupancy of Tsegihi; map credit NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute: no known copyright restrictions, via IAU-USGS Astrogeology Science Center's Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Categories (Themes) for Naming Features on Planets and Satellites.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Documentation > Surface Feature Categories.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/Categories

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Coordinate Systems for Planets and Satellites.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Documentation > Target Coordinate Systems.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/TargetCoordinates

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Descriptor Terms (Feature Types).” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Documentation > Descriptor Terms.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/DescriptorTerms

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Target: Titan.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Saturn.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/TITAN/target

International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). “Adiri.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Last updated Oct. 1, 2006.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6982

International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). “Dilmun.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Last updated Oct. 1, 2006.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6986

International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). “Quivira.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Last updated Oct. 1, 2006.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6988

International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). “Tsegihi.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Last updated Oct. 1, 2006.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6991

International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). “Xanadu.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Last updated Oct. 1, 2006.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6958

Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "PIA10565: This Side of Paradise." NASA JPL Photojournal. Image addition date 2009-01-27.
Available @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA10565

Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "PIA11542: Enchanted Titan." NASA JPL Photojournal. Image addition date 2009-07-23.
Available @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA11542

Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "PIA11560: Low Albedo Foursome." NASA JPL Photojournal. Image addition date 2009-08-18.
Available @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA11560

Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "PIA12531: Dark Quartet." NASA JPL Photojournal. Image addition date 2010-01-20.
Available @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA12531

Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "PIA13330: Mountains North of Aaru on Titan." NASA JPL Photojournal. Image addition date 2010-08-12.
Available @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA13330

Marriner, Derdriu. "Cassini Narrow Angle Camera Imaged South Pole During First Titan Flyby." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, July 4, 2012.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/07/cassini-narrow-angle-camera-imaged.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Cassini Wide Angle Camera Imaged South Pole During First Titan Flyby." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, July 11, 2012.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/07/cassini-wide-angle-camera-imaged-south.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Cassini-Huygens Mission Map Identifies 12 Titanean Mountains." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Feb. 27, 2013.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/cassini-huygens-mission-map-identifies.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Christiaan Huygens Discovered Saturnian Satellite Titan March 25, 1655." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, March 21, 2012.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/03/christiaan-huygens-discovered-saturnian.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Jingpo Lacus Glints During Cassini Orbiter’s Titan Flyby July 8, 2009." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, June 26, 2013.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/jingpo-lacus-glints-during-cassini.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer VIMS Shows Titanean Surface." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, March 29, 2012.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/03/visible-and-infrared-mapping.html

Tuesday, January 4, 2022

A Thinner Cora Adores Scones More Than Alcohol in The Purloined Puzzle

Summary: A thinner Cora adores coffees, Diet and scones more than alcohol in The Purloined Puzzle, 19th mystery in the Puzzle Lady series by Parnell Hall.

Cora perhaps never attempts to abstain from cranberry scones, her favorite baked item at Mary Cushman's Bake Shop. She nevertheless avails herself of just one of two cranberry scones remaining after the morning rush; December 2019 image of fresh cranberry scones: Infrogmation, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

A thinner Cora adores coffees, Diet and scones much more than alcohol in The Purloined Puzzle, 19th mystery in the Puzzle Lady series authored by Parnell Hall (Oct. 31, 1934-Dec. 15, 2020).

Her niece, Sherry Carter Grant, bakes from scratch, but Cora buys beloved cranberry scones brought to Mary Cushman’s Bake Shop from the Manhattan-based Silver Moon Bakery. Cora sometimes controls her craving for cranberry scones, such as when Mary confides that Cora choosing one cranberry can be changed to clenching the last two. She devours Granville Grains Cereal, which she dislikes, only during television ads, which she does as crossword puzzle lady of a daily column with national syndication.

Sherry enjoys coffee black even as she energizes her Aunt Cora and her husband, Aaron Grant, with caffeinated, sometimes decaffeinated coffees for their over-milking and over-sugaring.

Sherry perhaps fits whatever facilitates her furnishing latte (from Latin lac, via Italian latte, “milk”) from scratch into the Carter/Grant addition and the Felton prefab kitchen.

Sixteen-year-old Peggy Dawson, who gravitates toward such metabolism generators as Bakerhaven motel unit-guarded cocaine and Country Kitchen cheeseburgers, gets her coffee black in Cora’s Sherry-run kitchen. Sherry perhaps hones from scratch cappuccino (from Italian cappuccino, “brown-red [Capuchin monk hoodlet]”) and Frappuccino (from French frappé, “milkshake” and Italian cappuccino) coffees hailed by Cora. Insatiable inclinations impel Cora to indulge in caffe (from Arabic قَهْوَة, via Italian caffè, “coffee”) latte brewed on-site and unidentified scones three times in one day.

Journeying judiciously to Bakerhaven eateries in The Purloined Puzzle jeopardizes only once Cora judging alcohol unfriendlier than coffees, Diet and scones to a smaller dress size.

Cora keeps to her regimen of Diet Coke even as Country Kitchen bar and restaurant kindles ex-husband Melvin Crabtree keeping to his beer and scotch regimens.

Attorney Becky Baldwin leaps from scotch on the rocks to double scotch at Country Kitchen, where Cora lists evidence and witnesses labeling Melvin as murder suspect. Cora never mentions wedding-night champagne among her most missed alcohol, which instead manifests as a fifth each of Knob Creek bourbon whiskey, rum, scotch and tequila. Nostalgiacizing nowadays caramel and vanilla nuances of nice rum nudges Cora out of the house, into Bakerhaven Starbucks, for venti (from Italian venti, “20[-ounce]”) caramel frappuccino.

No alcohol in The Purloined Puzzle occasions any relapse by Cora, who orients herself to obtaining small-sized dresses and offering herself coffees, Diet and scones often.

Cora, who performs no exercises to present petiter poundage, praises grand-niece Jennifer Carter Grant pitching balled-up cotton socks across the laundry room, into the front-loading dryer.

Jennifer, like Cora once, queues up among world lovers of ice cream and, like the latter’s toy poodle Buddy, quests Häagen-Dazs chocolate chocolate chip ice cream. She relishes McDonald’s burger dinner with first-grade classmate and first playdate Ricky Stebbins even as Buddy resigns himself to receiving bologna rendered into many bite-sized pieces. The five-member household savors Chinese restaurant-takeout orange beef and sesame chicken and Sherry’s fennel, risotto (from Greek ὄρυζα, via Italian risotto, “short-grained rice”) and swordfish.

Perhaps Buddy and Jennifer, like Cora, whom scones tempt more than alcohol in The Purloined Puzzle, term burgers, ice cream and tacos as essential food groups..

Cora, grand-niece Jennifer Carter Grant and toy poodle Buddy Felton admire chocolate ice cream even as the latter two admit to appreciating most particularly Häagen-Dazs chocolate chocolate chip ice cream. Perhaps Cora as a born and bred Manhattanite who allocates time in her busy schedule for day-long visits to her hometown avails herself of the above-mentioned variety in the world's first Häagen-Dazs shop: Fuhghettaboutit, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

Hall, Parnell. 2019. Lights! Camera! Puzzles! New York NY; London UK: Pegasus Crime.

Hall, Parnell. 2018. The Purloined Puzzle. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2017. A Puzzle To Be Named Later. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2016. Presumed Puzzled. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2015. Puzzled Indemnity. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2014. NYPD Puzzle. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2013. Arsenic and Old Puzzles. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2012. $10,000 in Small, Unmarked Puzzles. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2011. The Kenken Killings. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2010. The Puzzle Lady vs. The Sudoku Lady. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2009. Dead Man's Puzzle. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book for Minotaur Books, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2008. The Sudoku Puzzle Murders. New York NY: Thomas Dunne Books St. Martin's Minotaur, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2006. You Have the Right to Remain Puzzled. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2005. Stalking the Puzzle Lady. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2004. And a Puzzle to Die On. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2003. With This Puzzle, I Thee Kill. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2002. A Puzzle in a Pear Tree. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2001. Puzzled to Death. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2000. Last Puzzle & Testament. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 1999. A Clue for the Puzzle Lady. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 December 2021. "The Purloined Puzzle Affects Bakerhaven Motel and Colson Road." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/the-purloined-puzzle-affects-bakerhaven.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 December 2021. "All But One Admire Yankee Baseball in A Puzzle To Be Named Later." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/all-but-one-admire-yankee-baseball-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2021. "Diet Coke Accounts for Cora in Swimwear in A Puzzle To Be Named Later." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/diet-coke-accounts-for-cora-in-swimwear.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 December 2021. "Knauer Realty Arranges Property Rentals in A Puzzle To Be Named Later." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/knauer-realty-arranges-property-rentals.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 November 2021. "A Renter Less Affects An Only Bakerhaven Realtor in Presumed Puzzled." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/a-renter-less-affects-only-bakerhaven.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 November 2021. "Alcohol and Ativan Accessorize a Carving Knife in Presumed Puzzled." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/alcohol-and-ativan-accessorize-carving.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 November 2021. "Bakerhaven Maps Advance or Avoid Glenwood Street With Presumed Puzzled." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/bakerhaven-maps-advance-or-avoid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 November 2021. "Becky Appears Thinner, Younger Than All But Two in Puzzled Indemnity." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/becky-appears-thinner-younger-than-all.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 November 2021. "California Buns Appease Cora More Than Cigarettes in Puzzled Indemnity." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/california-buns-appease-cora-more-than.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 October 2021. "Bakerhaven Maps Perhaps Add Parking Alerts Since Puzzled Indemnity." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/bakerhaven-maps-perhaps-add-parking.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 October 2021. "Bakerhaven Acquaintances in NYPD Puzzle Are One Less for 2020 Censuses." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/bakerhaven-acquaintances-in-nypd-puzzle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2021. "A Killer Perhaps Abhors or Adores New York Coffee in NYPD Puzzle." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/a-killer-perhaps-abhors-or-adores-new.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 October 2021. "New York and Bakerhaven Maps Are Not Accessed in NYPD Puzzle." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/new-york-and-bakerhaven-maps-are-not.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 September 2021. "Alcohol, Anonymity, Assets Attract Aggression, Arsenic and Old Puzzles." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/alcohol-anonymity-assets-attract.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 September 2021. "Elderberry Wine Activates Appalling Actions in Arsenic and Old Puzzles." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/elderberry-wine-activates-appalling.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 September 2021. "Bakerhaven Maps and Floor Plans Actualize Arsenic and Old Puzzles." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/bakerhaven-maps-and-floor-plans.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 September 2021. "Three Bodies Alarm Bakerhaven in $10,000 in Small, Unmarked Puzzles."Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/three-bodies-alarm-bakerhaven-in-10000.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 August 2021. "Cora Aspires to Smaller Sizes in $10,000 in Small, Unmarked Puzzles." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/cora-aspires-to-smaller-sizes-in-10000.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 August 2021. "Maps Allow a Las Vegan Access to $10,000 in Small, Unmarked Puzzles." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/maps-allow-las-vegan-access-to-10000-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2021. "Arranging Alimony and Avoiding Alimony Activate The KenKen Killings." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/arranging-alimony-and-avoiding-alimony.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 August 2021. "Perhaps Sherry Alone Avoids Bakerhaven Eateries in The KenKen Killings." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/perhaps-sherry-alone-avoids-bakerhaven.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 August 2021. "New Yorkers Access Bakerhaven and Account for The KenKen Killings." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/new-yorkers-access-bakerhaven-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 July 2021. "One Accident Augurs Three Deaths in The Puzzle Lady vs The Sudoku Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/one-accident-augurs-three-deaths-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 July 2021. "Perhaps The Puzzle Lady vs The Sudoku Lady Argues About Latte vs Tea." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/perhaps-puzzle-lady-vs-sudoku-lady.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 July 2021. "Bakerhaven Arrivals Are by Car in The Puzzle Lady vs The Sudoku Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/bakerhaven-arrivals-are-by-car-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 July 2021. "Intestate Acts Are, Are Not Intestate Actualities in Dead Man’s Puzzle." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/intestate-acts-are-are-not-intestate.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 June 2021. "Fast Food and Safari Food Are For Puzzle Ladies in Dead Man’s Puzzle." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/fast-food-and-safari-food-are-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 June 2021. "Alabama and New York Add to Bakerhaven Traffic in Dead Man’s Puzzle." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/alabama-and-new-york-add-to-bakerhaven.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2021. "All Are Aware of Private Investigators in The Sudoku Puzzle Murders." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/all-are-aware-of-private-investigators.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 June 2021. "Martini, Muffins, Pancakes and Scotch Allay The Sudoku Puzzle Murders." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/martini-muffins-pancakes-and-scotch.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 June 2021. "Bakerhaven, New York and Tokyo Are Close in The Sudoku Puzzle Murders." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/bakerhaven-new-york-and-tokyo-are-close.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 May 2021. "Betting, Puzzling, Suing Are Why You Have the Right to Remain Puzzled." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/betting-puzzling-suing-are-why-you-have.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 May 2021. "Starbucks Caramel Adds Acuity in You Have the Right to Remain Puzzled." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/starbucks-caramel-adds-acuity-in-you.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 May 2021. "You Have the Right to Remain Puzzled Alerts Us About Bakerhaven Trains." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/you-have-right-to-remain-puzzled-alerts.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 May 2021. "One Knife, Two Deaths, Four Puzzles Aid in Stalking the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/granville-grains-corn-toasties-appall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 April 2021. "Granville Grains Corn Toasties Appall Cora in Stalking the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/granville-grains-corn-toasties-appall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 April 2021. "Coastal Connecticut Attracts Reality Ads in Stalking the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/coastal-connecticut-attracts-reality.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2021. "And a Puzzle to Die On Augments Bakerhaven Acquaintances by One." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/and-puzzle-to-die-on-augments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 April 2021. "A Birthday Bash And a Puzzle to Die On Await Cora and an Outsider." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/a-birthday-bash-and-puzzle-to-die-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 March 2021. "Bakerhaven Maps Aim a Victim at a Birthday Bash And a Puzzle to Die On." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/bakerhaven-maps-aim-victim-at-birthday.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 March 2021. "Four Cryptograms Assure Two Deaths in With This Puzzle, I Thee Kill." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/four-cryptograms-assure-two-deaths-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 March 2021. "Honeyed Lemoned Teas Are For Fiancees in With This Puzzle, I Thee Kill." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/honeyed-lemoned-teas-are-for-fiancees.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 March 2021. "Manhattan and San Diego Account For Why With This Puzzle, I Thee Kill." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/manhattan-and-san-diego-account-for-why.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 March 2021. "Christmas Carolers Are Three Voices Short in A Puzzle in a Pear Tree." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/christmas-carolers-are-three-voices.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 February 2021. "A Puzzle in a Pear Tree Alters a Christmas Pageant and a Live Nativity." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/a-puzzle-in-pear-tree-alters-christmas.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2021. "Tristate Access Adds a Broadway Director to A Puzzle in a Pear Tree." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/tristate-access-adds-broadway-director.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 February 2021. "Attorney Becky Baldwin Maybe Aces New York Lawyers in Puzzled to Death." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/attorney-becky-baldwin-maybe-aces-new.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 February 2021. "Perhaps Fun Night Attendees Ate All Free Desserts in Puzzled to Death." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/perhaps-fun-night-attendees-ate-all.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 January 2021. "New Yorkers Adapt to Less Light and More Parking in Puzzled to Death." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/new-yorkers-adapt-to-less-light-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 January 2021. "Fifteen Million Dollars Avenge Old Wrongs in Last Puzzle and Testament." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/fifteen-million-dollars-avenge-old.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 January 2021. "Chicken Soup Awes All But Appears Nowhere in Last Puzzle and Testament." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/chicken-soup-awes-all-but-appears.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2021. "Interstate Highways Add More Hurley Heirs to Last Puzzle and Testament." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/interstate-highways-add-more-hurley.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 December 2020. "Bakerhaven Acquaintances Afford A Clue for the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/bakerhaven-acquaintances-afford-clue.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2020. "Bakerhaven Alcohol Acts as A Clue for the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/bakerhaven-alcohol-acts-as-clue-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2020. "An Actual Bakerhaven Map Never Appears as A Clue for the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/an-actual-bakerhaven-map-never-appears.html

Poe, Edgar A. “The Purloined Letter.” The Gift: A Christmas, New Year, and Birthday Present MDCCCXLV: 41-61. Philadelphia PA: Carey and Hart, 1845.
Available from The Bancroft Library, University of California Berkeley via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/giftchristmasnew00carerich/page/n56/mode/1up

"Puzzle Lady." Parnell Hall.com > Books. Website by Kate Anchev/Outbox Online Design Studio.
Available @ http://parnellhall.com/puzzle-lady/

Monday, January 3, 2022

Fire Shut Up In My Bones Is Jan. 8, 2022, Saturday Matinee Broadcast

Summary: Fire Shut Up In My Bones is the Jan. 8, 2022, Saturday matinee broadcast, airing as the 2021-2022 season's fifth Saturday matinee opera broadcast.

Fire Shut Up In My Bones opened Met Opera's 2021-2022 season as the opera company's first presentation of an opera by a Black composer; the Network Broadcast Premiere Performance of the opera's Oct. 23, 2021, Saturday matinee airs Jan. 8, 2022, as the season's fifth Saturday matinee opera broadcast: Charles M. Blow @CharlesMBlow, via Twitter Sep. 19, 2019

Blanchard's Fire Shut Up In My Bones is the Jan. 8, 2022, Saturday matinee broadcast, scheduled as the fifth Saturday matinee opera broadcast in the 2021-2022 season.

Fire Shut Up in My Bones by American jazz musician and composer Terence Blanchard (born March 13, 1962) received eight performances in the 2021-2022 season. The opera's Metropolitan Opera premiere took place Saturday, Sep. 27, at 6:30 p.m. The second through eighth, closing performances were offered Friday, Oct. 1, at 7:30 p.m.; Monday, Oct. 4, at 7:30 p.m.; Friday, Oct. 8, at 7:00 p.m.; Wednesday, Oct. 13, at 7:00 p.m.; Saturday, Oct. 16, at 1:00 p.m.; Tuesday, Oct. 19, at 7:00 p.m.; and Saturday, Oct. 23, at 1:00 p.m.

The opera's Jan. 8, 2022, Saturday matinee opera broadcast airs as a Network Broadcast Premiere Performance. The Saturday matinee opera broadcast plays the matinee performance from Saturday, Oct. 23, which closed the opera's Metropolitan Opera premiere season.

Yannick Nézet-Séguin conducted the opera's first through third and fifth through eighth, closing performances. MetOpera's Jeanette Lerman-Neubauer Music Director had made his Met Opera debut Thursday, Dec. 31, 2009, in the opera house's 946th performance of Carmen by French Romantic Era composer Georges Bizet (Oct. 25, 1838-June 3, 1875).

Yannick Nézet-Séguin shared the conductorship with American conductor Kazem Abdullah, who conducted the fourth performance, Friday, Oct. 8. Kazem Adbdullah's conductorship of the Oct. 8 performance marked his Met Opera debut.

Will Liverman sang Charles, whose emotional arc traverses childhood trauma to adult healing. The American operatic baritone had made his Met Opera debut Friday, Oct. 19, 2018, as Malcom Fleet in the Metropolitan Opera premiere of Marnie by American contemporary classical music composer Nico Asher Muhly (born Aug. 26, 1981).

Fire Shut Up In My Bones numbers as the first of three Saturday matinee opera broadcasts in the 2021-2022 season for Will Liverman. He sang Papageno in the Dec. 18 Saturday matinee opera broadcast of The Magic Flute, the abridged English-language version of Die Zauberflöte by Classical Era composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Jan. 27, 1756-Dec. 5, 1791). He also sings Horemhab in the May 28, 2022, Saturday matinee opera broadcast of Akhnaten by American composer Philip Glass (born Jan. 31, 1937).

Angel Blue sang Greta and the female spirits of Destiny and Loneliness, all of whom guide Charles from stored trauma to healing release. The American operatic soprano had made her Met Opera debut Monday, Oct. 2, 2017, as Mimì in the opera house’s 1,306th performance of La Bohème by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924).

Fire Shut Up In My Bones numbers as the first of two Saturday matinee opera broadcasts in the 2021-2022 season for Angel Blue. She also sings the female title role in the April 23 Saturday matinee opera broadcast of Porgy and Bess by American composer and pianist George Gershwin (Sept. 26, 1898-July 11, 1937).

Latonia Moore sang Billie, Charles's mother, who longs for improvement beyond working in a chicken-processing factory. The American soprano had made her Met Opera debut Saturday, March 3, 2012, in the title role in the opera house's 1,122nd performance of Aida by 19th-century Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901).

Fire Shut Up In My Bones numbers as the first of two Saturday matinee opera broadcasts in the 2021-2022 season for Latonia Moore. She also sings Serena in the April 23 Saturday matinee opera broadcast of Gershwin's Porgy and Bess.

The Metropolitan Opera commissioned Terence Blanchard's Fire Shut Up In My Bones. The opera originally was commissioned by Opera Theatre of Saint Louis and co-commissioned by Jazz Saint Louis. Met Opera's production is co-produced with Los Angeles Opera (LA Opera) and Lyric Opera of Chicago.

James Robinson and Camille A. Brown are the production's directors. Camille Brown is also the production's choreographer. The American stage director and the American choreographer had made their Met Opera debuts Monday, Sep. 23, 2019, in the opera company's 55th performance of Gershwin's Porgy and Bess.

The opera's production team comprises Allen Moyer, set designer; Paul Tazewell, costume designer; Christopher Akerlind, lighting designer; and Greg Emetaz, projection designer. American set designer Allen Moyer made his Met Opera debut Wednesday, May 2, 2007, in the opera company's 83rd performance of Orfeo ed Euridice by German classical composer Christoph von Gluck (July 2, 1714-Nov. 15, 1787). American costume designer Paul Tazewell made his Met Opera debut Tuesday, Nov. 29, 2011, in the opera company's 734th performance of Faust by French composer Charles-François Gounod (June 17, 1818-Oct. 18, 1893). American lighting designer Christopher Akerlind made his Met Opera debut Friday, Nov. 10, 2006, in the opera company's 551st performance of Il Barbiere di Siviglia by Italian composer Gioachino Rossini (Feb. 29, 1792-Nov. 13, 1868). American projection designer Greg Emetaz made his Met Opera debut in the Metropolitan Opera premiere of Robinson and Brown's production of Blanchard's Fire Shut Up In My Bones.

The Metropolitan Opera notes the historicity of the 2021-2022 season's Metropolitan Opera premiere of Blanchard's Fire Shut Up In My Bones on the opera's page on the opera company's website. The opera's Saturday, Sep. 27, 2021, opening night marked ". . . the Met's first performance of an opera by a Black composer."

The takeaways for Fire Shut Up In My Bones as the Jan. 8, 2022, Saturday matinee broadcast are that Blanchard's jazz opera airs as the fifth Saturday matinee opera broadcast in the 2021-2022 season; that the opera's Metropolitan Opera premiere marks the opera company's first presentation of an opera by a Black composer; and that Fire Shut Up In My Bones numbers as the first of three Saturday matinee opera broadcasts in the 2021-2022 season for Will Liverman and the first of two for Angel Blue and Latonia Moore.

Will Liverman, Angel Blue and Latonia Moore created Met Opera's roles of Charles, Greta / Destiny / Loneliness and Billie, respectively, in the September 2021 Metropolitan Opera premiere of Terence Blanchard's same-titled operatic adaptation of Charles Blow's Fire Shut Up In My Bones: Met Opera Guild @MetOperaGuild, via Twitter July 15, 2021

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Charles M. Blow @CharlesMBlow. "OMG! OMG! OMG! My opera is coming to the Met!!!! “In its 136-year history, the Metropolitan Opera has never staged an opera by a blk composer. But that will finally change: The company said on Thursday that it would present ‘Fire Shut Up in My Bones,’...” Twitter. Sep. 19, 2019.
Available @ https://twitter.com/CharlesMBlow/status/1174761165844557824

“Debut: Latonia Moore.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 354395 Aida {1122} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/03/2012.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=354395

“Debuts: Alexander Soddy, Angel Blue, Duncan Rock.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 356747 La Bohème {1306} Metropolitan Opera House: 10/2/2017.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=356747

"Debuts: Bartlett Sher, Catherine Zuber, Christopher Akerlind, Rob Besserer." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 351644 New Production Il Barbiere di Siviglia {551} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/10/2006.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=351644

"Debuts: Des McAnuff, Robert Brill, Paul Tazewell, Kelly Devine, Sean Nieuwenhuis, Jonathan Beyer." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 354183 New Production Faust {734} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/29/2011.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=354183

"Debuts: James Robinson, Camille A. Brown, Frederick Ballentine, Chauncey Packer, Reginald Smith, Jr., Jamez McCorkle, Grant Neale, Bobby Mittelstadt, Damien Geter, Chanáe Curtis, David Leong, Arthur Woodley, Michael Lewis, Neo Randall, Jonathan Tuzo." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 357253 New Production Porgy and Bess {55} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/23/2019.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=357253

"Debuts: Mark Morris, Allen Moyer, Isaac Mizrahi." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 352019 New Production Orfeo ed Euridice {83} Metropolitan Opera House: 05/02/2007.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=352019

“Debuts; Robert Spano, Marie Te Hapuku, Stacey Tappan, Peabody Southwell, Gabriel Gurevich, Adrienne Phillips, Lynne Page, Will Liverman.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 357028 Marnie {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 10/19/2018.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=357038

"Debuts: Walter Russell III, Terrence Chin-Loy, Briana Hunter, Cierra Byrd, Chris Kenney, Calvin Griffin, Greg Emetaz, Brittany Renee." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 357471 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Fire Shut Up In My Bones {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/27/2021, Broadcast/Streamed/Times Squarecast/Harlem's Marcus Garvey Park. (Opening Night {136} Peter Gelb General Manager Debuts: Walter Russell III, Terrence Chin-Loy, Briana Hunter, Cierra Byrd, Chris Kenney, Calvin Griffin, Greg Emetaz, Brittany Renee Broadcast/Streamed/Times Squarecast/Harlem's Marcus Garvey Park). Metropolitan Opera House. September 27, 2021 Broadcast/Streamed/Times Squarecast/Harlem's Marcus Garvey Park. Opening Night (136) Peter Gelb General Manager. Metropolitan Opera Premiere.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=357471

"Debuts: Yannick Nézet-Séguin, Richard Eyre, Rob Howell, Irene Bohan, Elizabeth Caballero, Maria Kowroski, Martin Harvey." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 353274 New Production Carmen {946} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/31/2009. Sirius and XM Metropolitan Opera Broadcast New Year's Eve Gala.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=355517

Marriner, Derdriu. "Met Opera's 2021-2022 Season Has 28 Saturday Matinee Broadcasts." Earth and Space News. Monday, Nov. 22, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/met-operas-2021-2022-season-has-28.html

Met Opera Guild @MetOperaGuild. "Summer Reading: Excited for the return of live opera at the Met and the historic opening night performance of Fire Shut Up in My Bones? Check out the moving memoir by Charles M. Blow that inspired Grammy Award-winning jazz musician and composer Terence Blanchard's adaptation." Twitter. July 15, 2021.
Available @ https://twitter.com/MetOperaGuild/status/1415751799684861963

Miller, Sarah Bryan. "Opera Review: 'Fire Shut Up in My Bones' Tells a Gritty Story in Jazz." St. Louis Today > St. Louis Post-Dispatch > Entertainment > Arts & June 16, 2019.
Available @ https://www.stltoday.com/entertainment/arts-and-theatre/culture-club/opera-review-fire-shut-up-in-my-bones-tells-a-gritty-story-in-jazz/article_8d04335a-670e-5bc9-821d-c3dc1f391288.html