Earth and Space News

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Friday, Jan. 10, Penumbral Lunar Eclipse Belongs to Saros Series 144

Summary: The Friday, Jan. 10, penumbral lunar eclipse belongs to Saros cycle 144, a series of 71 similar lunar eclipses.

Penumbral lunar eclipse of Saturday, July 29, 1749, opened Saros 144’s lineup of 71 lunar eclipses: "Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by acknowledgment, Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)," via NASA Eclipse Web Site

The Friday, Jan. 10, penumbral lunar eclipse belongs to Saros series 144, which comprises 71 lunar eclipses with similar geometries.

January’s penumbral lunar eclipse begins Friday, Jan. 10, at 17:07:45 Universal Time (12:07 p.m. Eastern Standard Time), according to NASA’s Eclipse Web Site. Greatest eclipse, the instant of the moon’s closest passage to the axis of Earth’s shadow, happens at 19:09:59.2 UT (2:09 p.m. EST). The eclipse ends at 21:12:19 UT (4:12 p.m. EST).

January’s penumbral lunar eclipse appears as number 16 in the lineup of 71 lunar eclipses in Saros series 144. Similar geometries group the 71 lunar eclipses into a family, known as a series.

Saros 144 lunar eclipses share the geometry of occurrence at the moon’s ascending node. With each subsequent eclipse, the lunar movement in Saros series 144 is southward with respect to the ascending node.

The ascending lunar node pairs with a descending node to mark the intersections of Earth’s orbit with the lunar orbit. The two nodes correlate with the approximately 5.1 degree tilt of the lunar orbit with respect to Earth’s orbit. The ascending node identifies with the lunar orbital crossing to the north of Earth’s orbit. The descending node corresponds with the moon’s orbital crossing to the south of Earth’s orbit.

The Saros cycle approximates 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). The cycle determines the periodicity and recurrence of eclipses. A Saros series consists of 70 or more lunar eclipses, with a Saros cycle separating each eclipse in the series. A Saros series typically lasts for 12 to 15 centuries.

Saros series 144 covers a time span of 1,262.11 years. Saros series 144 spills across 14 centuries, with a reach from the 18th century to the 31st century.

The 71 lunar eclipses in Saros series 144 occur in a sequence of 22 penumbral lunar eclipses, nine partial lunar eclipses, 20 total lunar eclipses, 12 partial lunar eclipses and eight penumbral lunar eclipses. Penumbral lunar eclipses claim the greatest frequency in Saros series 144, with a total of 30 occurrences. Partial lunar eclipses appear as the second most frequent lunar eclipse type in the series, with a total of 21 occurrences.

The 18th century’s penumbral eclipse of Saturday, July 29, 1749, opened Saros series 144. This eclipse occurred near the northern edge of the penumbra, the shadow’s lighter, outer region. This event staged its greatest eclipse over the eastern Indian Ocean, between northwestern Australia and the Republic of Indonesia’s fifth largest island, Java, in the Southern Hemisphere.

The 31st century’s penumbral eclipse of Wednesday, Sept. 4, 3011, ends Saros series 144. This eclipse will occur near the penumbra’s southern edge.

The Friday, Jan. 10, 2020, penumbral lunar eclipse occurs as number 16 within the opening sequence of 22 penumbral lunar eclipses in Saros series 144. This event will experience its greatest eclipse over central India’s Madhya Pradesh state in the Northern Hemisphere.

The penumbral lunar eclipse of Sunday, Dec. 30, 2001, is the immediate predecessor of January’s penumbral lunar eclipse. This event’s greatest eclipse took place over the Pacific Ocean, north of the Hawaiian Archipelago (Ka Pae ‘Aina O Hawai’i Nei), in the Northern Hemisphere. The December 2001 penumbral lunar eclipse appears as number 15, both in the opening sequence of 22 penumbral lunar eclipses and in the series lineup of 71 lunar eclipses.

The penumbral eclipse of Thursday, Jan. 21, 2038, is the successor of January’s penumbral lunar eclipse. This event’s greatest eclipse will take place over the western North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Antillean archipelago, in the Northern Hemisphere. This eclipse occupies spot number 17 in the sequence and in the series’ lineup.

The takeaway for the Friday, Jan. 10, 2020, penumbral lunar eclipse is that the year’s first eclipse belongs to Saros series 144 and occurs as number 16 in the lineup of 71 lunar eclipses in the series.

Penumbral lunar eclipse of Thursday, Jan. 21, 2038, succeeds the Friday, Jan. 10, 2020, penumbral lunar eclipse in Saros series 144: "Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by acknowledgment, Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)," via NASA Eclipse Web Site

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Espenak, Fred. “Key to Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Lunar Eclipses > Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series > Lunar Eclipses of Saros Series 1 to 180.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEsaros/LEsaroscatkey.html

Espenak, Fred. “Penumbral 1749 Jul 29.” NASA Eclipse Web Site > Lunar Eclipses > Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series > Lunar Eclipses of Saros Series 1 to 180 > Saros Series 144.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCLEmap/1701-1800/LE1749-07-29N.gif

Espenak, Fred. “Penumbral 2001 Dec 30." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Lunar Eclipses > Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series > Lunar Eclipses of Saros Series 1 to 180 > Saros Series 144.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCLEmap/2001-2100/LE2001-12-30N.gif

Espenak, Fred. “Penumbral 2020 Jan 10." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series > Lunar Eclipses of Saros Series 1 to 180 > Saros Series 144.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCLEmap/2001-2100/LE2020-01-10N.gif

Espenak, Fred. “Penumbral 2038 Jan 21.” NASA Eclipse Web Site > Lunar Eclipses > Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series > Lunar Eclipses of Saros Series 1 to 180 > Saros Series 144.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCLEmap/2001-2100/LE2038-01-21N.gif

Espenak, Fred. “Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2020 Jan 10.” EclipseWise > Lunar Eclipses > Recent and Upcoming Lunar Eclipses > Decade Tables of Lunar Eclipses > 2011-2020.
Available @ http://eclipsewise.com/lunar/LEprime/2001-2100/LE2020Jan10Nprime.html

Espenak, Fred; Jean Meeus. "Saros Series 144." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Lunar Eclipses > Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEsaros/LEsaros144.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Friday, Jan. 10, Lunar Eclipse Is First of Four 2020 Penumbral Eclipses.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Jan. 1, 2020.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/friday-jan-10-lunar-eclipse-is-first-of.html

Smith, Ian Cameron. “Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 30 Dec, 2001 AD.” Moon Blink > Hermit Eclipse > Eclipse Database > Full Solar Catalog > 2001-3000 AD > 2001 AD > 2001-2020 AD.
Available @ https://moonblink.info/Eclipse/eclipse/2001_12_30

Smith, Ian Cameron. “Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 10 Jan, 2020 AD.” Moon Blink > Hermit Eclipse > Eclipse Database > Full Lunar Catalog > 2001-3000 AD > 2001 AD > 2001-2020 AD.
Available @ https://moonblink.info/Eclipse/eclipse/2020_01_10

Smith, Ian Cameron. “Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 21 Jan, 2038 AD.” Moon Blink > Hermit Eclipse > Eclipse Database > Full Solar Catalog > 2001-3000 AD > 2001 AD > 2021-2040 AD.
Available @ https://moonblink.info/Eclipse/eclipse/2038_01_21

Monday, January 6, 2020

Wozzeck Is Jan. 11, 2020, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast

Summary: Alban Berg’s Wozzeck is the Jan. 11, 2020, Met Opera Saturday matinee broadcast, airing as sixth in the season’s 23 radio matinees.

South African artist William Kentridge’s new production of Alban Berg’s Wozzeck debuted Friday, Dec. 27, 2019, at 8 p.m. EST: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook Sept. 4, 2019

Alban Berg’s Wozzeck is the Jan. 11, 2020, Met Opera Saturday matinee broadcast, airing at 1 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST) and numbering as the sixth of 23 scheduled Saturday radio matinees during the 2019-2020 Met Opera season.

Austrian composer Alban Berg (Feb. 9, 1885-Dec. 24, 1935) set the musical score for his first opera, Wozzeck, to a German libretto that he composed. His literary source was Woyzeck, an unfinished stage play by German anatomy lecturer, dramatist, physician and writer Karl Georg Büchner (Oct. 17, 1813-Feb. 19, 1837).

Wozzeck premiered Dec. 14, 1925, at the Berlin State Opera (German: Staatsoper Unter den Linden) in northeastern Germany. The Staatsoper, also known as Lindenoper, is located at number 7, Unter den Linden (Under the Linden Trees), a boulevard in Berlin’s central Mitte district.

Wozzeck’s premiere took place in the Lindenoper’s second building. The first building, which was inaugurated Dec. 7, 1742, was destroyed by a fire on Aug. 18, 1843. Prussian theatre architect Carl Ferdinand Langhans (Jan. 14, 1782-Nov. 22, 1869) supervised the Linden Opera’s reconstruction. The second building’s inauguration was held Dec. 7, 1844.

Wozzeck received its Metropolitan Opera premiere on March 5, 1959. Five performances were offered during the 1958-1959 season.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season offers seven performances of Wozzeck. The season’s first performance happened Friday, Dec. 27, at 8 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST).

Six performances are scheduled for January. The month’s performances are slated for Thursday, Jan. 2, at 8 p.m.; Tuesday, Jan. 7, at 8 p.m.; Saturday matinee broadcast, Jan. 11, at 1 p.m.; Thursday, Jan. 16, at 8 p.m.; Sunday, Jan. 19, at 3 p.m.; and closing night, Wednesday, Jan. 22, at 8 p.m.

The three-act opera has an estimated run time of 1 hour 32 minutes. All acts are presented without intermission.

The Metropolitan Opera’s Jeanette Lerman-Neubauer Music Director, Yannick Nézet-Séguin, conducts all performances. The Metropolitan Opera’s third Music Director made his Metropolitan Opera debut Dec. 31, 2009, in the opera company’s 946th performance of Carmen by French Romantic Era composer Georges Bizet (Oct. 25, 1838-June 3, 1875). During the 2019-2020 Met Opera season, Maestro Nézet-Séguin also conducts Turandot by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924); the New Year’s Eve Gala; and Werther by French Romantic Era composer Jules Massenet (May 12, 1842-Aug. 13, 1912).

Elza van den Heever appears in all performances as Marie. The South African soprano made her Metropolitan Opera debut Dec. 31, 2012, as Elisabetta (Queen Elizabeth I) in the opera company’s premiere of Maria Stuarda by 19th century Italian bel canto opera composer Gaetano Donizetti (Nov. 29, 1797-April 8, 1848).

Tamara Mumford appears in all performances as Margret. The Canadian mezzo-soprano made her Metropolitan Opera debut March 13, 2006, as Laura in the opera company’s 81st performance of Luisa Miller by 19th century opera composer Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901).

Christopher Ventris appears in all performances as the Drum Major. The British tenor made his Metropolitan Opera debut Jan. 13, 2003, as Steva in the opera company’s 32nd performance of Jenufa by Czech composer Leoš Janáček (July 3, 1854-Aug. 12, 1928).

Gerhard Siegel appears in all performances as the Captain. The German tenor made his Metropolitan Opera debut March 20, 2004, as the Mime in the opera company’s 147th performance of Das Rheingold by German composer and librettist Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813-Feb. 13, 1883).

Andrew Staples appears in all performances as Andres. The English operatic tenor’s appearance opening night Friday, Dec. 27, 2019, marked his Metropolitan Opera debut.

Peter Mattei appears in all performances in the title role. The Swedish operatic baritone’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened Jan. 24, 2002, as Count Almaviva in the opera company’s 392nd performance of Le Nozze di Figaro by Classical Era composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Jan. 27, 1756-Dec. 5, 1791).

Christian Van Horn appears in all performances as the Doctor. The American bass-baritone’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened Dec. 6, 2013, as Pistola in the opera company’s 176th performance of Verdi’s Falstaff. In the 2019-2020 Met Opera season, Christian Van Horn also appears as Colline in La Bohème by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924) and in the New Year’s Eve Gala and as Alidoro in Cenerentola by 19th century Italian composer Gioachino Rossini (Feb. 29, 1792-Nov. 13, 1868).

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s performances of Wozzeck debut new staging by William Kentridge. The South African artist’s new production replaces staging that debuted Feb. 10, 1997, in the opera company’s 45th performance as a new production by American opera and theater director Mark Lamos. The Metropolitan Opera most recently performed Wozzeck, with Lamos’ staging, during the 2013-2014 season.

The Metropolitan Opera website’s page on the 2019-2020 season’s production of Wozzeck notes an inferred setting of Leipzig, Germany, circa 1821, for Georg Büchner’s play and an unspecified place and time for Alban Berg’s opera. William Kentridge sets the opera in the pre-First World War period.

Luc De Wit is credited as co-director of William Kentridge’s new production. The production team comprises Catherine Meyburgh, projection designer; Sabine Theunissen, set designer; Greta Goiris, costume designer; and Urs Schönebaum, lighting designer.

The takeaway for Wozzeck as the Jan. 11, 2020, Met Opera Saturday matinee broadcast is that Alban Berg’s first opera airs at 1 p.m. Eastern Standard Time and numbers as the sixth of 23 Saturday matinees broadcast weekly through Saturday, May 9, 2020.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

South African artist William Kentridge’s new production of Alban Berg’s Wozzeck debuted Friday, Dec. 27, 2019, at 8 p.m. EST: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook Sept. 4, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/posts/10162412560445533

Swedish operatic baritone Peter Mattei makes his Met Opera role debut in the title role of Alban Berg’s Wozzeck during the 2019-2020 Met Opera season: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook May 28, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/pcb.10161990202300533/10161990174095533/

For further information:

“Debut: Elza van den Heever.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 354759 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Maria Stuarda {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/31/2012.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=354759

“Debut: Tamara Mumford.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 351458 Luisa Miller {81} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/13/2006.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=351458

“Debuts: Kim Begley, Christopher Ventris . . .” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 350461 Jenufa {32} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/13/2003.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=350461

“Debuts: Peter Mattei, Soile Isokoski.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 350065 Le Nozze di Figaro {392} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/24/2002.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=350065

“Debuts: Peter Van Praet, Paolo Fanale, Carlo Bosi, Christian Van Horn.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 355173 Falstaff {176} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/06/2013.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=355173a

“Debuts: Yannick Nézet-Séguin . . .” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 353274 Carmen {946} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/31/2009.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=353274

"Debuts: Yvonne Naef, Gerhard Siegel." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID:350938 Das Rheingold {147} Ring Cycle {103} Uncut. Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 03/20/2004.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=350938

The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. “After wowing audiences with his production of Lulu in 2015, South African artist William Kentridge now focuses his extraordinary visual imagination on Berg’s other operatic masterpiece, Wozzeck. Technical rehearsals are underway for this daring new production, with stunning projections by Catherine Meyburgh and lighting by Urs Schönebaum. On stage December 27–January 22: bit.ly/2lsEXKV Photo by Jonathan Tichler / Met Opera.” Facebook. Sept. 4, 2019.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/posts/10162412560445533

The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. “The Met’s 2019–20 season features many of opera’s orchestral wonders, from the late Romantic lushness of Strauss’s Der Rosenkavalier and Wagner’s Der Fliegende Holländer, starring Sir Bryn Terfel, to the expressive modernism of Berg’s Wozzeck, starring Peter Mattei, and Janáček’s Káťa Kabanová. Save up to 10% with a Create Your Own series of three to five performances: bit.ly/2XlA0Bp Photo by Paola Kudacki / Met Opera.” Facebook. May 28, 2019.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/pcb.10161990202300533/10161990174095533/

“New Production: Wozzeck.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 327350 New Production Wozzeck {45} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/10/1997.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=327350

“Metropolitan Opera Premiere: Wozzeck.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 181320 Metropolitan Opera Premiere {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/5/1959.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=181320

Sunday, January 5, 2020

Hoi Hawaiian Bitter Yams Are Symbols for Magnum's Desperate Measures

Summary: Hoi Hawaiian bitter yams, as tough, toxic, triumphant famine foods, perhaps allegorize the last resorts in Magnum PI's Desperate Measures Jan. 3, 2020.

Hoi Hawaiian bitter yams, perhaps allegorical for Magnum PI police drama television series episode Desperate Measures Jan. 3, 2020, are famine foods whose toxicity abates after three-day peeling, boiling and lime-water steeping.

Second-season 12th-episode director Maja Vrvillo and writers Eric Guggenheim and Peter Lenkov broach intelligence break-ins as Hawaii-bad as famines besieging all but hoi Hawaiian bitter yams. Germinated seeds and sprouted bulbils (from Greek βολβός, swollen rhizome") and tubers create hoi Hawaiian bitter yams, classified by Carl Linnaeus (May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778). The scientifically designated Dioscorea bulbifera (from Greek Dioscorides, 40-90 C.E.; Latin bulbus, "bulb" and -fer ("-bearing") delivers fruit-encapsulated, winged 0.47 to 0.79-inch (12 to 20-millimeter) seeds.

Hoi Hawaiian bitter yams embrace three-winged 0.71 to 1.1-inch (1.8 to 2.8-centimeter) by 0.39 to 0.59-inch (1 to 1.5-centimeter) fruits August through October, after summer-pollinated flowers.

Pink-purple-white 0.06-inch (1.4-millimeter) perianths (Greek περί, "around" and άνθος, "flower") and 0.08-inch (2-millimeter) hypanthiums (Greek ὑπό, "under") fasten 2.36 to 15.75-inch (6 to 40-centimeter) pistillate flowers.

Fragrant 2.76 to 4-inch (7 to 10.16-centimeter-) long staminate flowers get green-tinged, petaled, sepaled, 0.05-inch (1.2-millimeter) perianths with six fertile stamens of same-length anthers and filaments. Unlike 1.58 to 5.91-inch (4 to 15-centimeter) by 0.04 to 0.16-inch (1 to 4-millimeter) winged leaf stalks, pistillate and staminate inflorescences ("flower clusters") have no stalks. Alternate, entire-margin, heart-shaped, simple, smooth-surfaced 1.97 to 9.84-inch (5 to 25-centimeter-) long, 1.97 to 10.24-inch (5 to 26-centimeter-) wide leaves include five to 11 parallel veins.

Hoi Hawaiian bitter yams juggle in leaf axil junctions with stems black-brown, brown-red, fall-dropping, pale-fleshed, spring-sprouting 1.1-pound (0.5-kilogram), 1.97 to 2.36-inch (5 to 6-centimeter) diameter bulbils.

Hoi Hawaiian bitter yams, albeit evergreen perennial climbers, keep annual, cylindrical, counterclockwise-twining, fall-dying, spring-growing, purple-flecked 32.81 to 328.08-foot (10 to 100-meter-) tall, 1.64-foot (0.5-meter-) wide stems.

Hoi Hawaiian bitter yams log alkaloid-lodging, bitter-tasting, black-brown, brown-red, root-stalked, spring-sprouting, subsurface, 1.97 to 3.15-inch (5 to 8-centimeter) diameter, 1.1 to 3.31-pound (0.5 to 1.5-kilogram) tubers. They manage mean annual 47.24 to 102.36-inch (1,200 to 2,600-millimeter) rainfall; temperatures between 68 and 86 degrees Fahrenheit (20 and 30 degrees Celsius); and three-month droughts. They need deep, non-coastal, non-piney, sandy-loam, well-drained soil pHs 6 to 6.7 at hard-wooded, open-forested, thicketed 16.4 to 2,198.16-foot (5 to 670-meter) altitudes above sea level.

Hoi Hawaiian bitter yams and non-bitter, non-poisonous five-leafed (pi'a locally, Dioscorea pentaphylla scientifically) and winged (uhi, D. alata) yams originated among ancient Hawaii's Polynesian canoe plants.

Hoi Hawaiian bitter yams proffered ancient, and provide traditional, Hawaiians famine food along with native 'ama'u fern (ama'uma'u, Sadleria) and Arnott's twin-sorus fern (hō'i'o, Diplazium arnottii).

Hoi Hawaiian bitter yams queue up with famine-fighting, native beach heliotrope (kīpūkai, Heliotropium curassavicum), glossy nightshade (popolo, Solanum nigrum) and Hawai'i potato fern (pala, Marattia douglasii). They, native Hawaiian hawthorn rose ('ūlei, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia) and ivy-leaved morning glory (koali, Ipomoea tuberculata) and Indian mulberry (noni, Morinda citrifolia) canoe plants rally starving Hawaiians. They survive as ancient, traditional Hawaiian famine food along with native lacy maiden fern (kikawaiō, Dryopteris cyatheoides), screwpine (hala, Pandanus tectorius) and tree ferns (hāpu'u, Cibotium).

Hoi Hawaiian bitter yams transmit toughness throughout troubled terrains and times, toxicity without timely treatments, triumph as famine foods talismanically tantamount to Magnum PI's Desperate Measures.

(left to right) Hawaii Five-0's Sergeant Quinn Liu (Katrina Law) and Officer Tani Rey (Meaghan Rath) work with Magnum P.I.'s Juliet Higgins (Perdita Weeks), Orville "Rick" Wright (Zachary Knighton) and Thomas Sullivan Magnum (Jay Hernandez) in CBS-TV's Magnum P.I. season 2 episode 12, Desperate Measures: Magnum P.I. @MagnumPICBS, via Facebook Jan. 4, 2020

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

hoi Hawaiian bitter yam (Dioscorea bulbifera) fruit and leaves; Nahiku, Eastern Maui, Hawai'i; Wednesday, June 24, 2009, 11:44:27: Forest and Kim Starr (Starr Environmental), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/starr-environmental/24966795025/; Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY 4.0 International, via Starr Environmental @ http://www.starrenvironmental.com/images/image/?q=24966795025

"Desperate Measures." Hawaii Five-0: The Tenth Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Jan. 3, 2020.

"Dioscorea bulbifera - L." Plants For A Future > Database Plant Search Page.
Available @ https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Dioscorea+bulbifera

"Dioscorea bulbifera L." Tropicos® > Name Search.
Available @ https://www.tropicos.org/Name/11000268

Elevitch, Craig R.; and Kim M. Wilkinson. (Eds.). 2000. Agroforestry Guides for Pacific Islands. Holualoa HI: Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR).
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"5. Dioscorea bulbifera Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1033. 1753." Flora of North America > Family List > Flora of North America Vol. 26 > Dioscoreaceae > Dioscorea.
Available @ http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200028093

Freedman, Bob. "Hawaii." Purdue University > College of Agriculture > Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture > Famine Foods > Continents > North America > United States.
Available @ https://www.purdue.edu/hla/sites/famine-foods/ff_location/hawaii/page/2/

Global Invasive Species Database (2019). "Species Profile: Dioscorea bulbifera." Compiled by National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) & IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG). Publication date 2008-01-14. Invasive Species Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the Internationational Union for Conservation of Nature.
Available @ http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=1220

"Hoi." Wehewehe > Ulukau Hawaiian Electronic Library > Dictionaries > Hawaiian Dictionaries.
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"Hoi, pi'oi (Kauai)." Bishop Museum > Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database.
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"Ihea 'Oe I Ka Wa A Ka Ua E Loku Ana? Where Were You When the Rain Was Pouring?" Hawaii Five-0: The Tenth Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Jan. 3, 2020.

Kinsey, T. Beth. 2019. "Dioscorea bulbifera - Air Yam." Wildlife of Hawaii >Hawaiian Plants and Tropical Flowers.
Available @ https://wildlifeofhawaii.com/flowers/1965/dioscorea-bulbifera-air-yam/

Linnæi, Caroli. [Linnaeus, Carl]. 1 May 1753. Species Plantarum, Exhibentes Plantas Rite Cognitas, ad Genera Relatas, cum Differentiis Specificis, Nominibus Trivialibus, Synonymis Selectis, Locis Natalibus, Secundum Systema Sexuale Digestas. Tomus II. 2: 1033. Holmiæ [Stpckholm, Sweden]: Laurentii Salvii.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/359054

Magnum P.I. @MagnumPICBS. 4 January 2020. "A kidnapped agent, unpredictable suspects, and a 90 second timeline. The Magnum P.I. - Hawaii Five-0 crossover is streaming now." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MagnumPICBS/posts/504418663536161

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2019. "Kauna'oa Devil Dodder Abides Around Magnum's Day I Met the Devil." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/kaunaoa-devil-dodder-abides-around.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 December 2019. "Kauna'oa Hawaiian Red Algae Affirm Aspects of Magnum's Blood Brothers." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/kaunaoa-hawaiian-red-algae-affirm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 November 2019. "Ka'upu Black-Footed Albatrosses Avert Magnum's A Bullet Named Fate." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/kaupu-black-footed-albatrosses-avert.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2019. "Maiapilo Hawaiian Capers Are Absent From Magnum's He Came by Night." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/maiapilo-hawaiian-capers-are-absent.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 November 2019. "Lama Hawaiian Ebony Persimmon Augurs Magnum's Man in the Secret Room." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/lama-hawaiian-ebony-persimmon-augurs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 November 2019. "Milo Pacific Rosewood Applies Five-0's All Knowledge to Magnum's Lie." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/milo-pacific-rosewood-applies-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 October 2019. "Hawaiian Hoary Bats Acquit Five-0's Ghosts, Magnum's Make It 'Til Dawn." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/hawaiian-hoary-bats-acquit-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 October 2019. "Molassesgrass Appalls Five-0's Tiny Is the Flower, Magnum's Dead Inside." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/molassesgrass-appalls-five-0s-tiny-is.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2019. "Akohekohe Honeycreepers Attack Like Magnum PI's Knight Lasts Forever." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/akohekohe-honeycreepers-attack-like.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 October 2019. "Hawaiian Quilts Are More Cryptic Than Magnum PI's Honor Among Thieves." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/hawaiian-quilts-are-more-cryptic-than.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2019. "Ti Tree Root Okolehao Applies To Magnum PI's Payback Is For Beginners." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/ti-tree-root-okolehao-applies-to-magnum.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 September 2019. "Yellow Fever Mosquitoes Air a Killer on Magnum's A Kiss Before Dying." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/yellow-fever-mosquitoes-air-killer-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 September 2019. "Hawaii Mamo Feathers Are Like Gold Necklaces on Magnum's Die He Said." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/hawaii-mamo-feathers-are-like-gold.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 September 2019. "Koloa Maoli Hawaiian Ducks Are One Duck Less on Magnum's Sudden Death." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/koloa-maoli-hawaiian-ducks-are-one-duck.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2019. "Makou Hawaiian Buttercups Add No Aconitine to Magnum's I, the Deceased." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/makou-hawaiian-buttercups-add-no.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2018. "Makiawa Hawaiian Sardines Appease Magnum PI's The Cat Who Cried Wolf." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/makiawa-hawaiian-sardines-appease.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 October 2018. "Hawaiian Dolphinfish Mahi-Mahi Abide by Magnum PI's From the Head Down." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/hawaiian-dolphinfish-mahi-mahi-abide-by.html

Pagad, Shyama. 14 January 2008. "Dioscorea bulbifera (herb, vine, climber)." Invasive Species Specialist Group.
Available @ http://issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1220&fr=1&sts=&%20ang=EN&ver=print&prtflag=false

Rojas-Sandoval, Julissa; and Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez. 3 January 2013. "Dioscorea bulbifera (Air Potato)." CAB International > Invasive Species Compendium > Datasheet.
Available @ https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19295

"Uhi." Canoe Plants of Ancient Hawai'i.
Available @ https://www.canoeplants.com/uhi.html

Saturday, January 4, 2020

Hawaiian Kou Trees Actually, Not Symbolically Answer Five-0's Ihea 'Oe

Summary: Hawaiian kou trees act affirmatively against the actual if not the symbolic storms that afflict Five-0's Ihea 'Oe I Ka Wa A Ka Ua Loku Ana? Jan. 3, 2020.

Hawaiian kou trees afford armor against Hawaii Five-0's figuratively, literally stormy Ihea 'Oe I Ka Wa A Ka Ua Loku Ana? Where Were You When the Rain Was Pouring? Jan. 3, 2020.

Tenth-season 12th-episode director Katie Boyum and writers Peter M. Lenkov and David Wolkove base the series' 230th episode overall in Hawaii perhaps less culturally, environmentally battleworthy than anciently. Hawaiian kou trees contain rain-sheltering, sun-shading canopies and waterlogging-tolerant shoots cooperative with carving containers for fishing, food-serving, sailing and worshipping; and with dyeing, eating and healing. Air-layered, cut, grafted, seeded, sprouted Hawaiian kou trees deliver bark, leaves and wood for medicines; dyes, fishlines; and back-scratchers, canoes, fish-hook containers, food-servers, paddles and statues.

The Boraginaceae (from Latin burra, "shaggy garment" and -āceae, "resembling") borage, forget-me-not, heliotrope family member engenders buoyant, edible, saltwater-tolerant seeds with six-week germinations within one-year viabilities.

Hawaiian kou trees, scientifically Cordia subcordata (from Latin subcordātus, "almost heart-shaped [leaves]"), furnish maximally four 0.39 to 0.51-inch (10 to 13-millimeter) long white seeds per fruit.

Cordia subcordata, for Euricius (1486-Dec. 24, 1535) and Valerius (Feb. 18, 1515-Sept. 25, 1544) Cordus, get black-brown-ripened, point-tipped, 0.79 to 1.18-inch (2 to 3-centimeter) long fruits. They have clustered, 1 to 2-inch (2.54 to 5.08-centimeter) diameter, orange-petaled, scentless, short-stalked, tubular flowers with cylindrical, green-sepal calyxes and five to seven irregular, wrinkled lobes. Hawaiian kou trees, identified by Jean-Baptiste de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (Aug. 1, 1744-Dec. 18, 1829), include shiny-topped, smooth-uppersided, wavy-edged leaves with hairy-midrib, leathery, pale-veined undersides.

Hawaiian kou trees juggle spring-peaking, year-round flowers to 3.15 to 7.87-inch (8 to 20-centimeter) long, 1.97 to 5.12-inch (5 to 13-centimeter) wide leaves at branch ends.

Hawaiian kou trees keep alternate-clustered, round-base foliage with blunt-pointed ends on 0.5 to 3-inch (1.27 to 7.62-centimeter) tall stems and corrugated, flaky, furrowed, grooved, stringy bark.

Hawaiian kou trees log 15 to 50-foot (4.57 to 15.24-meter) heights, inter-tree spacing and open, rounded-crown, wide-spreading canopies and pink-tinted, straw-colored sapwood and purple-tinted, brown-red heartwood. They manifest extensive, shallow roots that maintain basal new-plant sprouts, 15.75-inch (40-centimeter) diameter trunks straightly immobile and wind-contorted branches semi-mobile in dry, waterlogged or well-drained soils. They nestle into breadfruit and coconut plantations and coastal lowland, inland-edged mangrove, secondary, shrubby-beach forests from sea level through 98.42-foot (30-meter) or even 492.13-foot (150-meter) altitudes.

Hawaiian kou trees occur in clayey, clayey-loamy, loamy, sandy, sandy-clayey, sandy-clayey-loamy, sandy-loamy soils with soil pHs 6.1 to 7.4 or on lava headlands or rocky limestones.

Hawaiian kou trees prefer mean annual 40 to 160-inch (1,016 to 4,064-millimeter) rainfall and temperatures between 75 and 82 degrees Fahrenheit (24 and 28 degrees Celsius).

Hawaiian kou trees queue up in beach forests with beach heliotrope (Tournefortia argentea), hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus), mulberry (Morinda citrifolia), naupaka (Scaevola sericea) and screwpine (Pandanus tectorius). Coastal-forest companions remain beach she-oak (Casuarina equisetifolia), beautyleaf (Calophyllum inophyllum), birdcatcher (Pisonia grandis), fish poison (Barringtonia asiatica), Pacific rosewood (Thespesia populnea) and tropical almond (Terminalia catappa). They survive amid such natural herbaceous (from Latin herbāceus, "grassy") companions as beach morning glory (Ipomoea pes-caprae), beach pea (Vigna marina) and Hawaiian jack-bean (Canavalia hawaiiensis).

Hawaiian kou trees turn up in traditional Hawaiian niches to tender the sustainable takeaways whose symbolic absence turns Hawaii Five-0 Task Force members to desperate measures.

Thomas Sullivan Magnum (Jay Hernandez) of CBS-TV's Magnum P.I. learns that Hawaii Five-0's Lieutenant Commander Steve McGarrett (Alex O'Loughlin) always takes the driver's seat in CBS-TV's Hawaii Five-0 season 10 episode 12, Ihea 'oe i ka wa a ka ua e loku ana? ("Where were you when the rain was pouring?"): Hawaii Five-0 @HawaiiFive0CBS, via Facebook Jan. 3, 2000

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Hawaiian kou trees (Cordia subcordata) typically display straight trunks, wind-shaped branches and a protective canopy; Waipuilani Park, Kihei, South Side Maui, Hawaii; Thursday, Sep. 9, 2010, 10:58: Forest and Kim Starr, CC BY 3.0 United States, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Starr-100909-4270-Cordia_subcordata-habit-Waipuilani_Park_Kihei-Maui_(24756693490).jpg; Forest and Kim Starr (Starr Environmental), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/starr-environmental/24756693490/; Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY 4.0 International, via Starr Environmental @ http://www.starrenvironmental.com/images/image/?q=24756693490

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"Cordia subcordata - Kou." Wildlife of Hawaii > Hawaiian Plants and Tropical Flowers.
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Derby, Ireland. 15 October 2016. "Kou Tree - Cordia subcordata." The Outdoor Circle > Trees > Exceptional Trees > Exceptional Tree Library > Exceptional Tree Catalog.
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Elevitch, Craig R.; and Kim M. Wilkinson. (Eds.). 2000. Agroforestry Guides for Pacific Islands. Holualoa HI: Permanent Agriculture Resources.

Friday, J.B.; and Dana Okano. April 2006. "Cordia subcordata (Kou)." Version 3.1. In: Craig R. Elevitch (ed.). Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry. Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Hōlualoa HI.
Available @ https://www.primitiveways.com/Cordia-kou.pdf

"Ihea 'Oe I Ka Wa A Ka Ua E Loku Ana? Where Were You When the Rain Was Pouring?" Hawaii Five-0: The Tenth Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Jan. 3, 2020.

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Available @ http://data.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/ethnobotany.php?b=d&ID=kou

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Available @ https://www.canoeplants.com/kou.html

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Available @ http://wehewehe.org/gsdl2.85/cgi-bin/hdict?e=q-11000-00---off-0hdict--00-1----0-10-0---0---0direct-10-ED--4--textpukuielbert%2ctextmamaka-----0-1l--11-en-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-kou--00-4-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-00-0utfZz-8-00&a=d&d=D8996

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Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/794606

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2019. "Kauna'oa Hawaiian Worm Shells Affirm Five-0's Ka I Ka 'Ino, No Ka 'Ino." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/kaunaoa-hawaiian-worm-shells-affirm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 December 2019. "Ahinahina Haleakala Silversword Affirms Five-0's O 'Oe, A 'Owau." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/ahinahina-haleakala-silversword-affirms.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 November 2019. "Are Pala'a Hawaiian Lace Ferns Five-0's Trunkless Tree of Kahilikolo?" Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/are-palaa-hawaiian-lace-ferns-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 November 2019. "Broadleaf Aiea Access Bomber Wreckage Unlike Hawaii Five-0's Ne'e Aku." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/broadleaf-aiea-access-bomber-wreckage.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 November 2019. "Hapu'u Pulu Hawaiian Tree Ferns Add DNA Active Before Five-0's Ka 'I'o." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/hapuu-pulu-hawaiian-tree-ferns-add-dna.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2019. "Corsair Plane Wreck for Five-0's E Uhi Ana Ka Wa I Hala I Na Mea I Hala." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/corsair-plane-wreck-for-five-0s-e-uhi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 October 2019. "Moiliili Caves Actualize Hawaii Five-0's Kuipeia E Ka Makani Apaa." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/moiliili-caves-actualize-hawaii-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 September 2019. "Kauila Trees Assure That on Five-0 Ua 'Eha Ka 'Ili I Ka Maka O Ka Ihe." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/kauila-trees-assure-that-on-five-0-ua.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 May 2019. "Five-0 Endlessly Pours the Rain of Waianae into Hawaiian Rain Gardens." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/five-0-endlessly-pours-rain-of-waianae.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 May 2019. "Lahaina Noon: Unlike Five-0's Hewa Ka Lima Rarely the Hand Is at Fault." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/lahaina-noon-unlike-five-0s-hewa-ka.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 May 2019. "'Imiloa Sky Charts and Hawaii Five-0's Ho'okani No La O Ka Malihini." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/imiloa-sky-charts-and-hawaii-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 April 2019. "Laysan Albatrosses: Earth Day 2019, Five-0 Season 9 Episode 22 Icons." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/laysan-albatrosses-earth-day-2019-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2019. "Pueo Hawaiian Short-Eared Owls and Hawaii Five-0's He Kama Na Ka Pueo." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/pueo-hawaiian-short-eared-owls-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 April 2019. "Hau Hawaiian Sea Hibiscus, Ma'a Hawaiian Sling, Five-0's Way of the Gun." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/hau-hawaiian-sea-hibiscus-maa-hawaiian.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 March 2019. “Five-0’s Hawaiian He’e Big Blue Day Octopus of the Deep Spews Its Ink.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/five-0s-hawaiian-hee-big-blue-day.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 March 2019. “Hawaii Five-0's Ai No I Ka 'Ape He Mane'o No Ko Ka Nuku: Itchy Mouths.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/hawaii-five-0s-ai-no-i-ka-ape-he-maneo.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 February 2019. “Offer Young Taro Leaves To Hawaii Five-0 Episode E'ao Lu'au A Kualima.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/offer-young-taro-leaves-to-hawaii-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 February 2019. “Kanawao Shrub Fruits for Hawaii Five-0's Hapai Ke Kuko, Hanau Ka Hewa.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/kanawao-shrub-fruits-for-hawaii-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2019. “Five-0 Hawaiian Rain Gardens Not Made Prisoner by the Reign of the Rain.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/five-0-hawaiian-rain-gardens-not-made.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 February 2019. “Humpback Whales Depressed With the Heat in Keawalua on Hawaii Five-0.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/humpback-whales-depressed-with-heat-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 January 2019. “No 'Awa Or Kava Shrubs If Those Above Are Descending on Hawaii Five-0.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/no-awa-or-kava-shrubs-if-those-above.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 January 2019. “Kikui Tree Leaves for Hawaii Five-0 2010's Ka Hauli O Ka Mea Hewa 'Ole.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/kikui-tree-leaves-for-hawaii-five-0.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2019. “Hawaii Five-0 Gone on the Road, Without Koa Wood Outrigger Canoes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/hawaii-five-0-gone-on-road-without-koa.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2018. “Ponderosa Pine Trees for When a Hawaii Five-0 2010 House Is Dark.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/ponderosa-pine-trees-for-when-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 December 2018. “Hawaiian Pili Grass Houses: Hawaii Five-0 2010 When the Light Goes Out.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/hawaiian-pili-grass-houses-hawaii-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 December 2018. “Ko'a Black Coral for Hawaii Five-0 2010's Truth Comes from the Night.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/koa-black-coral-for-hawaii-five-0-2010s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2018. “Hawaiian Goose Nēnē: Birds of a Feather Episode on Hawaii Five-0 2010.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/hawaiian-goose-nene-birds-of-feather.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 November 2018. “Hawaiian Horses, Chang and McGarrett: Hawaii Five-0 2010 200th Episode.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/hawaiian-horses-chang-and-mcgarrett.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 November 2018. “Olonā Hawaiian Nettle Shrubs for Hawaii Five-0 Emergency Landings?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/olona-hawaiian-nettle-shrubs-for-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 October 2018. “Gernika Genocide Survivor Art Before Hawaii Five-0 Prophetic Child Art.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/gernika-genocide-survivor-art-before.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 October 2018. “Hawaiian Beach Sand: Hawaii Five-0 2010's On the Slope of the Cliff.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/hawaiian-beach-sand-hawaii-five-0-2010s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2018. “Proverbial Cowrie Sea Snails for the Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ninth Season.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/proverbial-cowrie-sea-snails-for-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 October 2018. “Lamian or Ramen Noodles: Hawaii Five-0's The Man Who Fell From the Sky.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/lamian-or-ramen-noodles-hawaii-five-os.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2018. “Gutta-Percha Trees and Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ninth Season Premiere Cocoon.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/gutta-percha-trees-and-hawaii-five-o.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 September 2018. “Ki'i Pōhaku Petroglyphs: Ancients Exposed on Five-0's Waiho Wale Kahiko.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/kii-pohaku-petroglyphs-ancients-exposed.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 May 2018. “Hawaiian Rain Gardens for Five-0's Tough Branch That Does Not Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/hawaiian-rain-gardens-for-five-0s-tough.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2018. “Noni for Hawaii Five-0's Ka Hana A Ka Makua, O Ka Hana No Ia A Keiki.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/noni-for-hawaii-five-0s-ka-hana-ka.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 April 2018. “'Āliamanu Salt Lake and Five-0's Kopi Wale No I Ka I'a A 'Eu No Ka Ilo.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/aliamanu-salt-lake-and-five-0s-kopi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 April 2018. “Hawaii Five-0 Episode Ahuwale Ka Nane Hina: Uku Hawaiian Gray Snappers.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/hawaii-five-0-episde-ahuwale-ka-nane.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2018. “'Iwa Great Frigatebirds: Five-0's He Lokomaika'i Ka Manu O Kaiona.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/iwa-great-frigatebirds-five-0s-he.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 April 2018. “Chinese Juniper Shrubs on Hawaii Five-0 2010's Aohe Mea Make I Ka Hewa.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/chinese-juniper-shrubs-on-hawaii-five-0.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 April 2018. “Bonsai Gardening on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Episode Aohe Mea Make I Ka Hewa.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/bonsai-gardening-on-hawaii-five-0-2010.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 March 2018. “'Ulu Hawaiian Breadfruit To Do One's Duty on Five-0's E Ho'oko Kuleana.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/ulu-hawaiian-breadfruit-to-do-ones-duty.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 March 2018. “Chlorine Gas on Hawaii Five-0 2010's Holapu Ke Ahi Koe Iho Ka Lehu.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/chlorine-gas-on-hawaii-five-0-2010s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 March 2018. “Golden Plovers and Stars of Heaven Know Where Pae Is on Hawaii Five-0.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/golden-plovers-and-stars-of-heaven-know.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2018. “A Coral Reef Strengthens Out to Land on Hawaii Five-0 with Lobe Corals.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/a-coral-reef-strengthens-out-to-land-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 January 2018. “No Southern House Mosquitoes on Hawaii Five-0's Na Keikia Kalaihaohia.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/no-southern-house-mosquitoes-on-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 January 2018. “What Is Gone Is Not Hawaiian Bobtail Squid on Hawaii Five-0 2010.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/what-is-gone-is-not-hawaiian-bobtail.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 January 2018. “Criminals Rare as Guernsey Dairy Cattle on Hawaii Five-0 The Roundup.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/criminals-rare-as-guernsey-dairy-cattle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 January 2018. “Hawaiian Cattle Roundups and Hawaii Five-0 2010 The Roundup Criminals.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/hawaiian-cattle-roundups-and-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2010. “Hawaii Shave Ice Images and Take-Outs on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ho'apono.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaii-shave-ice-images-and-take-outs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 November 2010. “Hawaiian Wild Boars Around Hawaii Five-0 2010's North Shore of O'ahu.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaiian-wild-boars-around-hawaii-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 November 2010. “Limu Lipoa Hawaiian Seaweed on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Episode Nalowale.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/limu-lipoa-hawaiian-seaweed-on-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 November 2010. “Hawaiian Blueberry Botanical Illustrations for Hawaii Five-0 Pancakes.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaiian-blueberry-botanical.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 November 2010. “Hawaii Five-0 2010: Respect the Land and the Pizza Without Pineapples?” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaii-five-0-2010-respect-land-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 November 2010. “Pygmy Hippopotamuses for Grace of the Hawaii Five-0 2010 Family?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/pygmy-hippopotamuses-for-grace-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 November 2010. “Pineappley Hala Tree Botanical Illustrations for Hawaii Five-0 Pilot.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/pineappley-hala-tree-botanical.html

"Nā Mea Kanu Hawai'i: Hawaiian Plants. State of Hawaii > Department of Agriculture.
Available @ https://19of32x2yl33s8o4xza0gf14-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/OHA_Native_Plant_Poster_Web.pdf

"Plant Care: Native Hawaiian Species." Highway Manual for Sustainable Landscape Maintenance.
Available @ https://hidot.hawaii.gov/highways/files/2013/02/Landscape-d_APPENDICES.pdf

Stender, Keoki; & Yuko Stender. "Cordia subcordata." Marinelife Photography > Plants > Family Boraginaceae > Hawaii - Polynesian Introduction.
Available @ https://www.marinelifephotography.com/flowers/boraginaceae/cordia-subcordata.htm

Tsuneyoshi, Amy. "Native Plants for Water Conservation." University of Hawai'i at Mānoa > College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources > Renewable Natural Resources Extension > Urban Forestry.
Available @ https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/rnre/Native_Plants_Water_Conservation.asp

Wagner, Warren L.; Derral R. Herbst; Nancy Khan; and Tim Flynn. Version 1.3 [12 April 2012]. "Hawaiian Vascular Plant Updates: A Supplement to the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i and Hawai'i's Ferns and Fern Allies." Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History > Research & Collections > Botany.
Available @ https://naturalhistory2.si.edu/botany/hawaiianflora/

Water Conservation in the Landscape: Maui County's Landscape and Gardening Handbook. Wailuku HI: Department of Water Supply.
Available @ https://www.mauicounty.gov/DocumentCenter/View/15460/Handbook-Publication