Yellow-Shouldered Blackbirds: Puerto Rico Five-One Water Quality Icons

Summary: Puerto Rican yellow-shouldered blackbirds are attractive as avian assemblies in clean wetlands and Puerto Rico Five-One water quality icons August 2019.

Puerto Rico's endemic yellow-shouldered blackbird (Agelaius xanthomus) males and females are known locally as capitanes y mariquitas de Puerto Rico, respectively; Caribbean Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Puerto Rico; May 15, 2015: Mike Morel, Public Domain, via USFWS Digital Library

Puerto Rican yellow-shouldered blackbirds arguably act as Puerto Rico Five-One water quality icons throughout August 2019 as they abound among the avian populations that assemble in airy wetlands and avoid adulterated watersheds.

August annually becomes natural water quality month in the United States, where the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico belongs as one of 16 Caribbean and Pacific possessions. Darren P. Soto, Democratic United States Representative for Florida's 9th district, conveyed his proposed Puerto Rico Admission Act March 28, 2019, to the current, 116th Congress. Successively favorable determinations by the 116th Congress and by the 45th president demand condition-free Puerto Rico Five-One statehood within 90 days of the latter's signed approval.

Puerto Rico Five-One statehood enters ecotourism-friendly, endemic, Puerto Rico-exclusive Puerto Rican yellow-shouldered blackbirds into thereby expanded lists of federal and state wildlife in the United States.

The months from April through August and February through November furnish Puerto Rican yellow-shouldered blackbirds with respectively annual breeding seasons on the main island and Mona.

Puerto Rican yellow-shouldered blackbird mothers-to-be as four to six monogamous couples at 49.21- to 52.49-foot (15- to 16-meter) intervals gestate one one- to four-egg seasonal brood. Main-island nest boxes, seaside cliffs and tree branches, cavities, crevices and holes and Mona's coastal cliffs hold nests honed by mothers-to-be within two to six days. Puerto Rican yellow-shouldered blackbird mothers-to-be install grass-lined, feather-, grass-, root-, seaweed-interwoven nests at 0.5- to 150-foot (0.15- to 45.72-meter) heights above box, cliff and tree bases.

Pearly-eyed thrashers (Margarops fuscatus) jeopardize six-year life expectancies of Puerto Rican yellow-shouldered blackbird eggs and hatchlings in 12- to 13-day incubators and 13- to 15-day nurseries.

Shiny cowbirds (Molothrus bonariensis) sometimes keep their black-, brown-, red-, violet-blotched and spotted, semi-glossy, smooth blue, brown, green, pink, white, yellow eggs in yellow-shouldered blackbird nests.

Yellow-shouldered blackbird hatchlings from brown-marked blue-green eggs live sociably with black-tufted, downy-gray, red-mouthed shiny cowbird hatchlings with gray-yellow bills, orange-pink skin, orange-yellow feet and orange-white-yellow gapes. The Icteridae (from Greek ίκτερος, "jaundice" and -ειδής, "-like") family and Passeriformes (from Latin passer, "sparrow" and -formis, "shaped") order juvenile member manifests white-yellow-patched brown-gray bodies. Mature Puerto Rican yellow-shouldered blackbirds, named scientifically Agelaius xanthomus (from Greek αγελαίος, "gregarious" and ξανθός, "yellow"), net black, straight bills, feet and legs and black-brown eyes.

Agelaius xanthomus xanthomus and A.x. monensis, observed by Philip Sclater (Nov. 4, 1829-June 27, 1913) and Ventura Barnes (July 14, 1910-Nov. 11, 1990), occur as subspecies.

Mature Puerto Rican yellow-shouldered blackbirds present black-blue glossy plumage, yellow-tipped lesser- and median-upperwing coverts and shoulders yellow-patched on the main island and white-yellow-patched on Mona Island.

Mature Puerto Rican yellow-shouldered blackbirds queue up lower-ranging female and upper-ranging male 1.23- to 1.45-ounce (35- to 41-gram), 7.87- to 9.84-inch (20- to 25-centimeter) beak-tail lengths. They require cactus fruits, coral (Erythrina eggersii) and ice-cream-bean (Inga edulis) tree nectars, grains, moths, nuts and seeds in mangrove, pasture, plantation and scrubland habitat niches. They sound aggressive with raspy vvvt calls, alarmed with pitch-changing cutzee calls, nasal with check and chwip calls and nhyaaaaaaaa songs and scolding with greeah calls.

Capitanes y mariquitas de Puerto Rico (Puerto Rican yellow-shouldered blackbirds), as Puerto Rico Five-One water quality icons August 2019, tell ecotourists where to treasure clean wetlands.

Puerto Rico's endemic yellow-shouldered blackbird (Agelaius xanthomus); Caribbean Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Puerto Rico; May 15, 2015: Mike Morel, Public Domain, via USFWS Digital Library

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Puerto Rico's endemic yellow-shouldered blackbird (Agelaius xanthomus) males and females are known locally as capitanes y mariquitas de Puerto Rico, respectively; Caribbean Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Puerto Rico; May 15, 2015: Mike Morel, Public Domain, via USFWS Digital Library @ https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/digital/collection/natdiglib/id/10798/rec/5

Puerto Rico's endemic yellow-shouldered blackbird (Agelaius xanthomus); Caribbean Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Puerto Rico; May 15, 2015: Mike Morel, Public Domain, via USFWS Digital Library @ https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/digital/collection/natdiglib/id/11176/rec/3

For further information:

Baicich, Paul J.; and Colin J.O. Harrison. 2005. Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds. Princeton NJ; and Oxford, England, UK: Princeton University Press, Princeton Field Guides. Second edition.

Barnes, Ventura, Jr. April 1945. "A New Form of Agelaius from Mona Island, Puerto Rico." The Auk, vol. 62, no. 2: 299-300. doi:10.2307/4079709. JSTOR 409709.
Available via Searchable Ornithological Research Archive @ https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v062n02/p0299-p0300.pdf

BirdLife International 2017. "Agelaius xanthomus (amended version of 2016 assessment)." The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22724209A119445635. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22724209A119445635.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22724209/119445635

Bouglouan, Nicole. "Yellow-Shouldered Blackbird Agelaius xanthomus." Oiseaux-Birds > ID's Cards.
Available @ http://www.oiseaux-birds.com/card-yellow-shouldered-blackbird.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 July 2019. "Puerto Rican Orioles: Puerto Rico Constitution and Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/puerto-rican-orioles-puerto-rico.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 July 2019. "Puerto Rican Flycatchers: Puerto Rico Constitution and Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/puerto-rican-flycatchers-puerto-rico.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 June 2019. "Elfin-Woods Warblers: Caribbean American, Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/elfin-woods-warblers-caribbean-american.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2019. "Adelaide's Warblers: Caribbean American and Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/adelaides-warblers-caribbean-american.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 June 2019. "Puerto Rican Woodpeckers: Caribbean American, Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 19 May 2019. "Puerto Rican Rain Gardens: American Wetlands and Puerto Rico Five-One." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/puerto-rican-rain-gardens-american.html

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Post, W. (William). 2011. "Yellow-Shouldered Blackbird (Agelaius canthomus)." Version 1.0. In: Neotropical Birds Online (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Ithaca NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. https://doi.org/10.2173/nb.yesbla1.01.
Available @ https://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/Species-Account/nb/p_p_spp/overview?p_p_spp=666636

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Vuilleumier, François, editor-in-chief; and Paul Sweet, consultant. 2016. American Museum of Natural History Birds of North America. Revised edition. New York NY: DK Publishing.

Green Roofs Allow Manhattan Views After Elementary's Unfriended

Summary: Manhattan views, perhaps from green roofs, are what Morland Holmes appreciated about the brownstone roof, until Elementary's Unfriended Aug. 1, 2019.

Brooklyn Botanic Garden's Diane H. and Joseph S. Steinberg Visitor Center showcases a 10,000-square-foot living roof that mixes meadow grasses and flowering perennials with spring's daffodils and snowdrops; photo by Blanca Beggert: Brooklyn Botanic Garden @BrooklynBotanic, via Facebook July 22, 2013

Green roofs with Manhattan views acknowledge Morland Holmes, after Elementary procedural drama television series episode Unfriended Aug. 1, 2019, as an admirer of urban skylines and wildlife-friendly habitats in Elementary's fourth season.

Director Lucy Liu and writer Bob Goodman bring Sherlock's (Jonny Lee Miller) father Morland (John Noble) back to the Holmes brownstone in Season 7's 11th episode. The series' 152nd episode overall concludes Morland's control over the criminal organization cooperatively constructed and captained by Jamie Moriarty (Natalie Dormer) and Joshua Vikner (Tony Curran). Morland delights in brownstone views of the Manhattan Bridge and the Manhattan skyline on Elementary Season 4's first episode, The Past Is Parent, Nov. 5, 2015.

Morland emerges as an environmentalist for Costa Rica's endangered black-crowned squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis) on Elementary Season 4's third episode, Tag, You're Me, Nov. 19, 2015.

The Holmes brownstone roof features a few functional fixtures for Sherlock's favorite bees (Osmia avosetta) and for film night with sobriety-facilitating sponsor Alfredo Llamosa (Ato Essandoh).

The Holmes brownstone basement, ceiling, doors, floors, roof, walls and windows generate no aesthetic, ambient, humidity, insulation, moisture, pest, structural or temperature problems apart peeling wallpaper. Green roofs have to hold weighty roof decking, waterproof membranes, rigid foam insulation, plastic sheeting, gravel, landscape fabric, bark mulch, potting soil, plants and supplemental irrigation. New York City's Climate Mobilization Act April 18, 2019, impels rooftop installation of plants, small wind turbines and solar panels on new commercial and residential buildings.

The Climate Mobilization Act juxaposes renovation mandates, perhaps judged applicable to the Holmes brownstone, to new-construction mandates for energy-efficient private and public building exteriors and interiors.

Green roofs, solar panels and wind turbines keep air and noise pollution levels, rainwater runoff and reflected solar heat rates and urban heat island effects down.

Green roofs let Russian tortoise (Agrionemys horsfieldii) Clyde, mason bees and perhaps cockfight-cured chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) Remus and Romulus live if Morland and Sherlock leave. Clyde manages green roofs with aerated, semi-shaded, semi-sunny 48-plus-inch (121.92-plus-centimeter-) high, long, wide shelters atop dig-friendly, 12-inch- (30.48-centimeter-) deep non-gravel, non-sand, scratch-free, soft substrate for tunneling. Year-round niches need humidity under 60 percent, shallow drinking and soaking water bowls and temperatures between 75 and 85 degrees Fahrenheit (23.88 and 29.4 degrees Celsius).

Green roofs offer Clyde bay (Laurus), rosemary (Rosmarinus), sage (Salvia), thyme (Thymus), wild marjoram (Origanum) and woodruff (Galium) herbs and cornflower (Centaurea) and mulberry (Morus) leaves.

Green roofs present Clyde with echeveria, evening primrose (Oenothera), hollyhock (Alcea), honeysuckle (Lonicera), livingstone daisy (Dorotheanthus), marigold (Tagetes), pansy (Viola), rose (Rosa) and tickseed (Coreopsis) flowers.

Green roofs quarter succulent aloe vera, ice-plant (Aptenia) and prickly-pear (Opuntia) and wild bergamot (Monarda), clover (Trifolium), dandelion (Taraxacum), nettle (Urtica), salsify (Tragopogon) and timothy-grass (Phleum). Sherlock's mason bees require cultivated or wild nectar- and pollen-filled, blue-, pink-, purple-, yellow-flowering plants such as coneflowers (Echinacea), lilacs (Syringa), poppies (Meconopsis) and sunflowers (Helianthus). Cockfighting-cured chickens Remus and Romulus survive on earthworms and such invertebrates as ants, grasshoppers and termites and cultivated and wild berries, fruits, grasses, seeds and shoots.

Green roofs with Manhattan views for abused chickens, endangered bees and vulnerable tortoises perhaps tell as much about Morland Holmes as his tackling worldwide crime single-handedly.

Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) and Joan Watson (Lucy Liu) in the kitchen of "the brownstone," Morland's property that Sherlock and Watson (Lucy Liu) call home, in Elementary tv series' Unfriended (season 7 episode 11): Elementary @ElementaryCBS, via Facebook Aug. 1, 2019

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Brooklyn Botanic Garden's Diane H. and Joseph S. Steinberg Visitor Center showcases a 10,000-square-foot living roof that mixes meadow grasses and flowering perennials with spring's daffodils and snowdrops; photo by Blanca Beggert: Brooklyn Botanic Garden @BrooklynBotanic, via Facebook July 22, 2013, @ https://www.facebook.com/BrooklynBotanic/photos/a.126438294384/10151588272554385/

Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) and Joan Watson (Lucy Liu) in the kitchen of "the brownstone," Morland's property that Sherlock and Watson (Lucy Liu) call home, in Elementary tv series' Unfriended (season 7 episode 11): Elementary @ElementaryCBS, via Facebook Aug. 1, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/posts/1632827946842310

For further information:

Brooklyn Botanic Garden. "Visitor Center." Brooklyn Botanic Garden > Gardens & Collections > Gardens & Conservatories > Features.
Available @ https://www.bbg.org/collections/gardens/visitor_center

Brooklyn Botanic Garden @BrooklynBotanic. 22 July 2013. "Take a look at what’s blooming, up on the green roof. http://www.bbg.org/news/the_view_from_the_green_roof." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/BrooklynBotanic/photos/a.126438294384/10151588272554385/

"A Controlled Descent." Elementary: The Fourth Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, May 14, 2016.

"A Difference in Kind." Elementary: The Fourth Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, May 8, 2016.

Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. 1892. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. London, England: George Newnes Ltd.

Elementary @ElementaryCBS. 1 August 2019. "The margin for error is tissue paper thin on tonight's can't-miss episode of Elementary, on at 10/9c on CBS and CBS All Access." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/posts/1632827946842310

Elementary @ElementaryCBS. 28 December 2015. "Now that Morland's announced his extended stay in NYC, will be be able to repair his fractured relationship with Sherlock? #Elementary." Facebook. Available @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/posts/486901858101597

Enman, Scott. 18 April 2019. "Green Roofs May Soon Be Required on All New Buildings in New York City." Brooklyn Daily Eagle > News > Brooklyn Boro.
Available @ https://brooklyneagle.com/articles/2019/04/18/green-roofs-will-soon-be-required-on-all-new-buildings-in-new-york-city/

Kaufman, Alexander C. 18 April 2019. "New York City Passes Historic Climate Legislation." HuffPost > Politics.
Available @ https://www.huffpost.com/entry/nyc-green-new-deal_n_5cb8761ee4b096f7d2dcfc40

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 July 2019. "Brooklyn Bridge Park Photo Opps Are Safe for Elementary's Latest Model." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/brooklyn-bridge-park-photo-opps-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 July 2019. "Brooklyn Bridge Park Flowers Are There for Elementary's On the Scent." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/brooklyn-bridge-park-flowers-are-there.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 July 2019. "Are Prisoners Accessing Pepper Spray on Elementary's Miss Understood?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/are-prisoners-accessing-pepper-spray-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 July 2019. "In Russia with Krasnodar Tea Alters Elementary's From Russia With Drugs." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/in-russia-with-krasnodar-tea-alters.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 June 2019. "Elementary's Command: Delete Perhaps Affects Even Brooklyn Bridge Park." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/elementarys-command-delete-perhaps.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 June 2019. "Elementary Angles Into the Woods Outside Brooklyn Bridge Park." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/elementary-angles-into-woods-outside.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2019. "Are Joya de Cerén Descendants on Elementary's Red Light, Green Light?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/are-joya-de-ceren-descendants-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 June 2019. "Elementary's The Price of Admission Audits Antiquities, Not Teff Grass." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/elementarys-price-of-admission-audits.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 June 2019. "Was Banksy in New York City for Elementary Episode Gutshot?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/was-banksy-in-new-york-city-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 May 2019. "Black Lip Oysters, Black Pearls and Elementary's Further Adventures." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/black-lip-oysters-black-pearls-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 September 2018. “Mulberry Silkworms on Elementary's Whatever Remains, However Improbable.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/mulberry-silkworms-on-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 September 2018. “Elementary's Fit to be Tied: Free of Pink Slime and White Water Molds?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/elementarys-fit-to-be-tied-free-of-pink.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 September 2018. “Lion's Mane Jellyfishes and Elementary's The Geek Interpreter.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/lions-mane-jellyfishes-and-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2018. “Borrachero Trees in Elementary's The Visions of Norman P. Horowitz.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/borrachero-trees-in-elementarys-visions.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 August 2018. “Silk From Darwin's Bark Spiders on Elementary's The Worms Crawl In.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/silk-from-darwins-bark-spiders-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2018. “Chocolate from Cacao Trees on Elementary's Uncanny Valley of the Dolls.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/chocolate-from-cacao-trees-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 August 2018. “Guatemalan Sugarcane, Guatemalan Rum on Elementary's How to Get a Head.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/guatemalan-sugarcane-guatemalan-rum-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2018. “Kukicha Tea from Japan and Elementary Season Six's Through the Fog.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/kukicha-tea-from-japan-and-elementary.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 August 2018. “Northwest Italian Sweet White Wine Sciacchetrà on Elementary's Breathe.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/northwest-italian-sweet-white-wine.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 July 2018. “American Chestnut Trees for Elementary Season Six's Meet Your Maker.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/american-chestnut-trees-for-elementary.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2018. “Bird's-Eye Pipe Tobacco and Trichinopoly Cigars: Elementary's Long Way.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/birds-eye-pipe-tobacco-and-trichinopoly.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 July 2018. “Elementary's Adventure of Ersatz Sobekneferu: West African Crocodiles.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/elementarys-adventure-of-ersatz.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 July 2018. “Blue Wildebeests and Tarragon Tea on Elementary's Nobody Lives Forever.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/blue-wildebeests-and-tarragon-tea-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 June 2018. “Vermont Black Bears and Elementary's Sand Trap Episode June 18, 2018.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/vermont-black-bears-and-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2018. “Elementary Sober Companions, Amethysts and Agiorgitiko Red Wine Grapes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/elementary-sober-companions-amethysts.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 June 2018. “Elementary's Give Me the Finger: Not the Southeast Asian Fruit Durian.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/elementarys-give-me-finger-not.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 June 2018. “Elementary's Give Me the Finger: Floppy Disks Dinosaurs Like Grallator.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/elementarys-give-me-finger-floppy-disks.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 June 2018. “Bird Flu on Elementary's Bits and Pieces and Wild Red Junglefowl.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/bird-flu-on-elementarys-bits-and-pieces.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 May 2018. “Boxing Kangaroos and Elementary Season 6 Episode 4 Our Time Is Up.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/boxing-kangaroos-and-elementary-season.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 May 2018. “American Staffordshire Terrier and Elementary's Pushing Buttons.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/american-staffordshire-terrier-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 May 2018. “Cassowaries and Elementary's Pushing Buttons Episode May 14, 2018.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/cassowaries-and-elementarys-pushing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 May 2018. “Monoceros Unicorns: Puzzles Once You've Ruled Out God on Elementary.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/monoceros-unicorns-puzzles-once-youve.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2018. “Sumatran Tigers and Elementary's An Infinite Capacity for Taking Pains.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/sumatran-tigers-and-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 November 2016. “Green Tree Python Natural History Illustrations and Elementary.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/green-tree-python-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2016. “Eastern Poison Ivy Botanical Illustrations and Elementary's Henny Penny.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/eastern-poison-ivy-botanical.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 November 2016. “Galápagos Marine Iguana Natural History Illustrations and Elementary.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/galapagos-marine-iguana-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 October 2016. "China's Imperial Jade Heirloom Seal Worth Several Cities on Elementary." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/chinas-imperial-jade-heirloom-seal.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 May 2016. “Mopane Worm Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Invisible Hand.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/mopane-worm-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2016. “Johannes Vermeer Painting The Astronomer: Elementary's Invisible Hand.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/johannes-vermeer-painting-astronomer.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2016. “Shih Tzu Dog Breed and Elementary's Up to Heaven and Down to Hell.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/shih-tzu-dog-breed-and-elementarys-up.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2016. “Mushroom Botanical Illustrations and Elementary's A Study in Charlotte.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/mushroom-botanical-illustrations-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 November 2015. "Black-Capped Central American Squirrel Monkeys and Elementary Series." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/11/black-capped-central-american-squirrel.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 November 2015. “Tienchi-Flower Tea and Elementary's Evidence of Things Not Seen.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/11/tienchi-flower-tea-and-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 April 2015. "Smooth Cordgrass Announces Crime Scenes on Elementary's Under My Skin." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/smooth-cordgrass-announces-crime-scenes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 April 2015. “Pablo Picasso Painting Woman Reading on Elementary's A Stitch in Time.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/pablo-picasso-painting-woman-reading-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 February 2015. “Extinct Quagga Plains Zebra on Elementary's The Female of the Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/extinct-quagga-plains-zebra-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2015. “Elementary's Yellow Clivia and Yellow Clivia Botanical Illustrations.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/01/elementarys-yellow-clivia-and-yellow.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 December 2014. “Elementary's Nutmeg Concoction and Nutmeg Botanical Illustrations.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/elementarys-nutmeg-concoction-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 November 2014. “Elementary's Bird in Blue-Throated Macaw Natural History Illustrations.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/11/elementarys-bird-in-blue-throated-macaw.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 October 2014. “Bearded Dragon Natural History Illustrations: Not Elementary's Nemesis.” Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/bearded-dragon-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 May 2014. “Ficus Benjamina Botanical Illustrations and Elementary's Stunted Tree.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/05/ficus-benjamina-botanical-illustrations.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 February 2014. “Dimetrodon Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Dimetrodon.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/dimetrodon-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 January 2014. “Nanotyrannus Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Dead Clade Walking.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/01/nanotyrannus-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2013. “Fruit in Osage Orange Botanical Illustrations and Elementary Series.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/fruit-in-osage-orange-botanical.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 November 2013. “George Stubbs Painting The Godolphin Arabian and Elementary's Nutmeg.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/11/george-stubbs-painting-godolphin.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 November 2013. “John Wootton Painting The Darley Arabian and Elementary's Studhorse.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/11/john-wootton-painting-darley-arabian.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 November 2013. “John Wootton Painting The Byerley Turk and Elementary's Thoroughbreds.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/11/john-wootton-painting-byerley-turk-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 August 2013. “Turner Fighting Temeraire Painting in Elementary Series Episode The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/turner-fighting-temeraire-painting-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2013. “Paul Gauguin Painting Tahitian Women on the Beach in Elementary's The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/paul-gauguin-painting-tahitian-women-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2013. “Rubens Painting The Incredulity of St Thomas in Elementary's The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/rubens-painting-incredulity-of-st.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 May 2013. “Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Painting Rousse in Elementary Episode The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/henri-de-toulouse-lautrec-painting.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 May 2013. “The Bruegel Painted Parable in the Elementary Series Episode The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/the-bruegel-painted-parable-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 April 2013. "Black-Tailed Bee Flies Are Not Averse to Elementary's Dead Man's Switch." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/black-tailed-bee-flies-are-not-averse.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 April 2013. "White Darjeeling Tea Abates Broken Hearts on Elementary's Snow Angels." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/white-darjeeling-tea-abates-broken.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 March 2013. "Paganini 24 Caprices Affix Blame on Elementary's Déjà Vu All Over Again." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/03/paganini-24-caprices-affix-blame-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 February 2013. “Osmia Avosetta Natural History Illustrations for Elementary's Bee.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/osmia-avosetta-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2013. "New England Cottontails Perhaps Adapt to Hats on Elementary's Details." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/new-england-cottontails-perhaps-adapt.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 February 2013. "Bennu Herons Perhaps Avert Elementary's A Giant Gun Filled with Drugs." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/bennu-herons-perhaps-avert-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 February 2013. "Frankincense Tree Essential Oils Affirm Elementary's The Deductionist." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/frankincense-tree-essential-oils-affirm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 February 2013. “Russian Tortoise Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Clyde Jan. 31, 2013.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/russian-tortoise-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 January 2013. “Costliest, World-Most Expensive Chopard Watch: 201 Carats at $25 Million.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/costliest-world-most-expensive-chopard.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 January 2013. “Chopard Watch Worth $25 Million on Elementary Episode The Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/chopard-watch-worth-25-million-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 January 2013. "Are Red-Whiskered Bulbuls Smuggled from Vietnam on Elementary's M?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/are-red-whiskered-bulbuls-smuggled-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 January 2013. “Claude Monet Painting Nympheas 1918 in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/claude-monet-painting-nympheas-1918-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2013. "Are Snowdrop Flowers Why Yogurt Appears on Elementary's Dirty Laundry?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/are-snowdrop-flowers-why-yogurt-appears.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 January 2013. “Paul Cézanne Still Life Painting Fruit in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/paul-cezanne-still-life-painting-fruit.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 December 2012. “Paul Signac Painting Women at the Well in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/paul-signac-painting-women-at-well-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 December 2012. “The Van Gogh Pietà Painting in Elementary Series Episode The Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-van-gogh-pieta-painting-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2012. “Edward Hopper Painting Western Motel in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/edward-hopper-painting-western-motel-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 December 2012. "Barako Coffee Allays Ailments on Elementary's You Do It To Yourself." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/barako-coffee-allays-ailments-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 December 2012. "Liberian Coffee Perhaps Averts Addiction on Elementary's The Long Fuse." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/liberian-coffee-perhaps-averts.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2012. "Are Juices From Trifoliate Oranges on Elementary's One Way to Get Off?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/11/are-juices-from-trifoliate-oranges-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 November 2012. "Saltmeadow Cordgrass Adheres to a Body on Elementary's Flight Risk." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/11/saltmeadow-cordgrass-adheres-to-body-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 November 2012. "Anisakis Worms That Adulterate Sushi Are Not Elementary's Lesser Evils." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/11/anisakis-worms-that-adulterate-sushi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 October 2012. "Elementary's The Rat Race Accesses Vanilla Latte from Vanilla Orchids." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/elementarys-rat-race-accesses-vanilla.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 October 2012. "Why Are Lemon Presses for Lemons on Elementary's Child Predator?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/why-are-lemon-presses-for-lemons-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 October 2012. "Bach Chaconne Absorbs Anguish on Elementary's While You Were Sleeping." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/bach-chaconne-absorbs-anguish-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2012. "Are Lesser Clovers Sherlock's Lucky Shamrocks on Elementary's Pilot?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/09/are-lesser-clovers-sherlocks-lucky.html

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200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 18

Summary: Ajanta cave 18 acts as a cistern chamber passage to Ajanta caves 17 and 19 in the 200th anniversary year of European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings.

Ajanta Cave 18; Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra, west-central India; Wikimedia Commons page created Saturday, Oct. 28, 2017, by Anupamg via UploadWizard as detail of original image for Wikimedia Commons page created Monday, Sep. 5, 2016, via UploadWizard: Anupamg, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Ajanta cave 18 appears, historically and in the present 200th anniversary year of European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings, as a cistern chamber passage to Ajanta caves 17 and 19 in Maharashtra, India.

Ajanta cave 18 belongs among the Ajanta Caves from the second building phase of the 1,968.5-foot- (600-meter-) long, 1,300- to 2,300-year-old, 30-cavern complex in north-central Maharashtra. The 2,000- to 2,300-year-old caves from the first construction phase, between the third and first centuries B.C., can be classified as dormitory cells or prayer halls. The 1,300- to 1,600-year-old caves from the second excavation era, between the fifth and sixth, seventh or eighth centuries, defer to more diverse, more uncompleted designs.

Itinerant artisans and monks excavated Ajanta cave 18 as a four-cavern elaboration with neighboring Ajanta caves 17, 19 and 20 during the Vakataka imperial dynasty (250?-500?).

Walter M. Spink, art historian emeritus since 2000 at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, furnishes two 20-year dates for finishing central-west India's Ajanta Caves.

Professor Spink gauges the years 90 to 70 B.C., during the Satavahana imperial dynasty between the third and first centuries B.C., as generating most first-phase excavations. He herds most second-phase excavations into the years 460 to 480, during the emperorships of Harishena (died 477?) and the first of two unnamed filial successors. He identifies Emperor Harishena, his prime minister Vaharadeva and his subking Upendragupta, whose territories included Ajanta, as initial sponsors of the first of 25 second-interval excavations.

Upendragupta juggled sponsorship of Ajanta caves 17 through 20 until his removal by rulers of the Asmaka Kingdom in 471 jeopardized the Ajanta cave 18 excavations.

Academic and non-academic audiences in the 200th anniversary year of European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings know of Ajanta cave 18 as Ajanta cave 19's lesser neighbor.

Ajanta cave 19 looks like a larger, later, lusher Ajanta cave 9, one of Ajanta's two earliest chaitya (from Sanskrit चैत्य, "funeral mound, pedestal, pile") caves. The easterly neighbors of Ajanta cave 18, the 16th and the 17th caves from the eastern, upper entrance to the Ajanta Caves, manifest painted, sculpted magnificence. Ajanta caves 1, 16 and 19, under the respective patronage of Harishena, Vaharadeva and Upendragupta, still nurture world-famous Ajanta cave wall paintings on their 200th anniversary.

Professor Spink offers Asmaka opposition as obstructing excavating, painting and sculpting operations since 462 on Ajanta caves 17 through 20 in 468 and again in 472.

Sometimes geological flaws in the horizontal layers of volcanic basalt rock proved problematic, as in excavations contemporaneous with Ajanta cave 18 at caves 4 and 5.

Cave numbers queue up physical location from the upper entrance to Ajanta Caves, not construction initiation or termination dates or European discovery date April 28, 1819. The Asmaka kings revolted against Emperor Harishena's second filial successor in 500, after 25 years of realizing cave excavations other than that of Ajanta cave 18. Ajanta cave 18 serves as 11.09- by 38.26-foot (3.38- by 11.66-meter) sculpted space that stored monsoonal waters from scarp channels and that supports two octagonal pillars.

Ajanta cave 18 tenders tourists on the 200th anniversary year of European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings a brain-teaser about excavation plans, monsoonal waters and political intrigue.

Ajanta Cave 18, with neighbor, Cave 17 (right); Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra, west-central India; Wikimedia Commons page created Thursday, Oct. 26, 2017, by Akshatha Inamdar as detail of original image dated Tuesday, July 29, 2014, 11:54: Akshatha Inamdar, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Ajanta Cave 18; Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra, west-central India; Wikimedia Commons page created Saturday, Oct. 28, 2017, by Anupamg via UploadWizard as detail of original image for Wikimedia Commons page created Monday, Sep. 5, 2016, via UploadWizard (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ajanta_Caves_04.jpg): Anupamg, CC BY SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ajanta_Cave_18_outside_view.jpg

Ajanta Cave 18, with neighbor, Cave 17 (right); Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra, west-central India; Wikimedia Commons page created Thursday, Oct. 26, 2017, by Akshatha Inamdar as detail of original image dated Tuesday, July 29, 2014, 11:54 (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ajanta_caves_Maharashtra_292.jpg): Akshatha Inamdar, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ajanta_Cave_18_exterior.jpg

For further information:

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/ajanta-cave-25-200th-anniversary-year.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 July 2019. "Thich Nhat Hanh Achieved at An Quang the Aims of Ajanta Jataka Tales." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/engaged-buddhism-of-thich-nhat-hanh.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 July 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh and Indra's Net at Parallax Press and Ajanta Cave 17.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/thich-nhat-hanh-and-indras-net-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 June 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, La Boi and Ajanta Cave 16 Ace Outstanding Inner Peace.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/thich-nhat-hanh-la-boi-and-ajanta-cave.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 June 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh and Indra's Net at Van Hanh and Ajanta Cave 1.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/thich-nhat-hanh-and-indras-net-at-van.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2019. “Indra's Net Affects Thich Nhat Hanh, Phap Van and Ajanta Cave 2.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/indras-net-affects-thich-nhat-hanh-phap.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2019. "Thich Nhat Hanh, Indra's Net at Phuong Boi and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/thich-nhat-hanh-indras-net-at-phuong.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2019. "Thich Nhat Hanh, Indra's Net at Bat Nha and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/thich-nhat-hanh-indras-net-at-bat-nha.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 May 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, Stream Entering Monastery and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/thich-nhat-hanh-stream-entering.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 May 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, Thai Plum Village and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/thich-nhat-hanh-thai-plum-village-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 May 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, AIAB Hong Kong and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/thich-nhat-hanh-aiab-hong-kong-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 May 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, EIAB Germany and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/thich-nhat-hanh-eiab-germany-and-ajanta.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 April 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, Deer Park Monastery and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/thich-nhat-hanh-deer-park-monastery-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 April 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, Blue Cliff Monastery and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/thich-nhat-hanh-blue-cliff-monastery.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, Plum Village Tradition and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 5 April 2019. “Thich Nhat Hanh, Tu Hieu Temple Walks and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 29 March 2019. "Thich Nhat Hanh, Walking Meditations and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 22 March 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 13.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 15 March 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 12.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 8 March 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 8.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 1 March 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 15A/30.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 22 February 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Pithora Wall Art.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 29.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 8 February 2019. “Ajanta Cave 26 in 200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/ajanta-cave-26-in-200th-anniversary.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 February 2019. “Ajanta Cave 19 in 200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/ajanta-cave-19-in-200th-anniversary.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 January 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings in Ajanta Cave 9.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/200th-anniversary-year-of-ajanta-cave.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 January 2019. “Ancient Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings and Inscriptions in Ajanta Cave 10.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 11 January 2019. “Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings Ailing at World Heritage Centre Site.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/ajanta-cave-wall-paintings-ailing-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 January 2019. “Accurate, Ancient, Artistic Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings to Buddha.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/accurate-ancient-artistic-ajanta-cave.html

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