Lamian or Ramen Noodles: Hawaii Five-0's The Man Who Fell From the Sky

Summary: Waywardness, venality and ramen noodles appropriate tragedy, scapegoats and lamian noodles on Hawaii Five-0's The Man Who Fell from the Sky Oct. 5, 2018.

lamian noodles in their home country; Turpan, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, western China; Sunday, Oct. 23, 2005, 02:57:39: T Chu, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons

Academic disgrace, government agents and ramen noodles are not how they appear in the Hawaii Five-0 action police procedural series episode Ke Kanaka I Hā'ule Mai Ka Lewa Mai Oct. 5, 2018.

Director Eagle Egilsson and writers Matt Wheeler and David Wolkove broach agendas in Season 9's second episode, 195th overall, The Man Who Fell From the Sky. Her and her brother Koa's (Kunal Sharma) orphaning, not waywardness, causes Tani Rey's (Meaghan Rath) cribbing exam answers and cracking Captain Keo's (Eric Steinberg) dental crown. A Marrakesh mission whose public divulgence scapegoats Central Intelligence Agency order-takers for order-givers, not easy money, drives Agent Greer (Rochelle Aytes) to Wo Fat (Mark Dacascos).

Tani exposes, as comfort food for enduring Police Academy expulsion until Hawaii Five-0 employment, that "You know, I ate some ramen and reflected on my mistakes."

Tani furnishes nothing further about ramen noodles, as stand-alones or in the Hawaiian cuisine favorite, saimin (from the Chinese 細麵: 細, "thin" and 麵, "noodle").

Ramen noodles go by a culturally appropriated name in Japanese even though they get their culturally authentic birth name, lamian, in Chinese cuisine, culture and language. They have anecdotal and authenticated precedents in wheat flour honed by Chinese farmers and rural workers into nutritious noodles for farmed vegetables and meat, or not. They integrate into international cuisines through immigration and importation of Chinese farmers and laborers into Africa; the Americas; Australia; east, south and southeast Asia; and Europe.

Different regions in mainland China juggle different flours, albeit predominantly rice or wheat, for different preparations of lamian noodles with dairy, meat, spice and vegetable ingredients.

Itinerant and migrant Chinese farmers, laborers and traders kept African, American, Asian, Australian and European economies on the cutting edges of 19th-century agro-industrial and transportation technology.

George Solt, assistant professor at New York University, listed imported Chinese noodles in Taking Ramen Seriously: Food, Labor, and Everyday Life in Modern Japan from 2009. His book, The Untold History of Ramen, published Feb. 22, 2014, and updated from his research dissertation for the University of California-San Diego, mentions lamian noodles. Its subtitle, How Political Crisis in Japan Spawned a Global Food Craze, nets ramen noodles from lamian noodle soups that nourished Chinese traders in 19th-century markets.

Economic and political overlaps in Japan and United States post-war diplomacy and trade and observation of lamian noodles' society-wide appeal offered optimal opportunities for cultural appropriation.

Lamian noodles predate ramen noodles in the Chinese trading- and working-class cuisines of the American West's railroad towns and tracks and Hawaii's pineapple and sugar plantations.

Lamian noodles queue up as Chinese street vendor fare, in Chinese restaurant menus and on Chinese specialty food store shelves and in sugar plantation-era (1841-2016) saimin. Saimin requires boneless, fork-roasted pork; broth; cabbage; eggs; garlic- and paprika-seasoned smoke-cured pork sausage; green onions; red-algae seaweed; SPAM ham and pork; and white fish paste. Should Kamekona Tupuola's (Taylor Wily) inputs and investments suggest saimin minestrone and scampi, with lamian, ramen or both noodles, for upcoming Hawaiianized Italian Steve's Place menus?

Lamian noodles and ramen noodles respectively turn up in Hawaii as bottom-up, groundswell, people-friendly food and as top-down, postwar Japan- and United States-marketed trendy international cuisine.

While visiting the police academy to ask a favor of her former instructor, Captain Keo (Eric Steinberg), Hawaii Five-0 team member Tani Rey (Meaghan Rath) admits to reflecting on her academy expulsion over ramen in CBS TV's Hawaii Five-0 season 9, episode 2, Ke Kanaka I Hā'ule Mai Ka Lewa Mai (The Man Who Fell From the Sky): CBS Hawaii Five-0 episode 9.02 promotional photo, via SpoilerTV Oct. 4, 2018

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

lamian noodles in their home country; Turpan, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, western China; Sunday, Oct. 23, 2005, 02:57:39: T Chu, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/spyderball/68704712/

While visiting the police academy to ask a favor of her former instructor, Captain Keo (Eric Steinberg), Five-0 team member Tani Rey (Meaghan Rath) admits to reflecting on her academy expulsion over ramen in CBS TV's Hawaii Five-0 season 9, episode 2, Ke Kanaka I Hā'ule Mai Ka Lewa Mai (The Man Who Fell From the Sky): CBS Hawaii Five-0 episode 9.02 promotional photo, via SpoilerTV Oct. 4, 2018, @ https://www.spoilertv.com/2018/09/hawaii-five-0-episode-902-ke-kanaka-i.html

For further information:

Brickman, Sophie. 21 May 2014. "The History of the Ramen Noodle." The New Yorker > Culture Desk.

"Ke Kanaha I Hā'ule Mai Ka Lewa Mai (The Man Who Fell from the Sky)." Hawaii Five-0 2010: The Ninth Season. Los Angeles CA: CBS Television Studios, Oct. 5, 2018.

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2018. “Gutta-Percha Trees and Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ninth Season Premiere Cocoon.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/gutta-percha-trees-and-hawaii-five-o.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 September 2018. “Ki'i Pōhaku Petroglyphs: Ancients Exposed on Five-0's Waiho Wale Kahiko.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/kii-pohaku-petroglyphs-ancients-exposed.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 May 2018. “Hawaiian Rain Gardens for Five-0's Tough Branch That Does Not Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/hawaiian-rain-gardens-for-five-0s-tough.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2018. “Noni for Hawaii Five-0's Ka Hana A Ka Makua, O Ka Hana No Ia A Keiki.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/noni-for-hawaii-five-0s-ka-hana-ka.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 April 2018. “'Āliamanu Salt Lake and Five-0's Kopi Wale No I Ka I'a A 'Eu No Ka Ilo.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/aliamanu-salt-lake-and-five-0s-kopi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 April 2018. “Hawaii Five-0 Episode Ahuwale Ka Nane Hina: Uku Hawaiian Gray Snappers.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/hawaii-five-0-episde-ahuwale-ka-nane.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2018. “'Iwa Great Frigatebirds: Five-0's He Lokomaika'i Ka Manu O Kaiona.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/iwa-great-frigatebirds-five-0s-he.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 April 2018. “Chinese Juniper Shrubs on Hawaii Five-0 2010's Aohe Mea Make I Ka Hewa.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/chinese-juniper-shrubs-on-hawaii-five-0.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 April 2018. “Bonsai Gardening on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Episode Aohe Mea Make I Ka Hewa.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/bonsai-gardening-on-hawaii-five-0-2010.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 March 2018. “'Ulu Hawaiian Breadfruit To Do One's Duty on Five-0's E Ho'oko Kuleana.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/ulu-hawaiian-breadfruit-to-do-ones-duty.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 March 2018. “Chlorine Gas on Hawaii Five-0 2010's Holapu Ke Ahi Koe Iho Ka Lehu.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/chlorine-gas-on-hawaii-five-0-2010s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 March 2018. “Golden Plovers and Stars of Heaven Know Where Pae Is on Hawaii Five-0.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/golden-plovers-and-stars-of-heaven-know.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2018. “A Coral Reef Strengthens Out to Land on Hawaii Five-0 with Lobe Corals.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/a-coral-reef-strengthens-out-to-land-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 January 2018. “No Southern House Mosquitoes on Hawaii Five-0's Na Keikia Kalaihaohia.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/no-southern-house-mosquitoes-on-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 January 2018. “What Is Gone Is Not Hawaiian Bobtail Squid on Hawaii Five-0 2010.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/what-is-gone-is-not-hawaiian-bobtail.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 January 2018. “Criminals Rare as Guernsey Dairy Cattle on Hawaii Five-0 The Roundup.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/criminals-rare-as-guernsey-dairy-cattle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 January 2018. “Hawaiian Cattle Roundups and Hawaii Five-0 2010 The Roundup Criminals.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/hawaiian-cattle-roundups-and-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2010. “Hawaii Shave Ice Images and Take-Outs on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ho'apono.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaii-shave-ice-images-and-take-outs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 November 2010. “Hawaiian Wild Boars Around Hawaii Five-0 2010's North Shore of O'ahu.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaiian-wild-boars-around-hawaii-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 November 2010. “Limu Lipoa Hawaiian Seaweed on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Episode Nalowale.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/limu-lipoa-hawaiian-seaweed-on-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 November 2010. “Hawaiian Blueberry Botanical Illustrations for Hawaii Five-0 Pancakes.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaiian-blueberry-botanical.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 November 2010. “Hawaii Five-0 2010: Respect the Land and the Pizza Without Pineapples?” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaii-five-0-2010-respect-land-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 November 2010. “Pygmy Hippopotamuses for Grace of the Hawaii Five-0 2010 Family?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/pygmy-hippopotamuses-for-grace-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 November 2010. “Pineappley Hala Tree Botanical Illustrations for Hawaii Five-0 Pilot.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/pineappley-hala-tree-botanical.html

Solt, George Serkine. 2009. Taking Ramen Seriously: Food, Labor, and Everyday Life in Modern Japan. A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History. San Diego CA: University of California, San Diego.
Available via eScholarship @ https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92b857v1

Solt, George. 2014. The Untold History of Ramen: How Political Crisis in Japan Spawned a Global Food Craze. Berkeley and Los Angeles CA; London UK: University of California Press, California Studies in Food and Culture, Book 49.

Hawaiian Dolphinfish Mahi-Mahi Abide by Magnum PI's From the Head Down

Summary: The Hawaiian dolphinfish mahi-mahi are appetizing on Magnum PI's From the Head Down Oct. 4, 2018, because nobody allows them to rot from the head down.

Hawaiian dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus), known in Hawaii as mahi-mahi ("very strong"), are natural, strong acrobats, with the ability to jump out of water to catch flying fish (Exocoetidae family); photo by Henry Hauch, owner ACME Ventures Fishing; Cape Canaveral, east central Florida; May 2011: ACME Ventures Fishing, via Facebook May 25, 2011

The Hawaiian dolphinfish mahi-mahi abide by freshness guidelines for posh fare on Magnum PI action drama series episode From the Head Down Oct. 1, 2018.

Director Karen Gaviola and writers Eric Guggenheim and Peter Lenkov begin the first season's second episode with a burgled 300-pound (136.08-kilogram) Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis). Commercial fisherman Dan Sawyer (Carl Weathers) contacts Thomas Magnum (Jay Hernandez), private investigator and Robin's Nest security consultant for absentee landowner and best-selling author Robin Masters. The Vietnam veteran describes the $350,000-valued tuna diverted that morning from his delivery van parked every other Friday morning outside Lina's, "upscale joint off Ala Moana."

Magnum encourages Juliet Higgins (Perdita Weeks), MI6 military intelligence ex-agent and Robin's Nest majordomo (from Latin maior domūs, "house principle") to enjoy exquisite entrées with him.

Magnum figures upon Higgins' computer finesse to fathom which person on Lina's reservation system found the intel-filled flash drive furtively fit into the filched bluefin tuna.

Robin's Nest Ferrari and finances get Higgins and Magnum Lina's green papaya salad, lemon beurre blanc and mahi-mahi with 2014 Aubert and steak with Château Margaux. Higgins hails the Hawaiian dolphinfish mahi-mahi as "simply divine" whereas Sawyer has back perhaps half of a bluefin tuna hacked and harrowed from the head down. The Hawaiian dolphinfish mahi-mahi, identified by Carl Linnaeus (May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1758), impress predators of egg, larval and physically and sexually immature and mature stages.

Captive 18-month, four- to five-year wild Hawaiian dolphinfish mahi-mahi life cycles juggle 1.5-day stages as buoyant, spherical eggs with 0.05- to 0.06-inch (1.2- to 1.6-millimeter) diameters.

Year-round spawning seasons with April-May peaks kindle two to three 80,000- to 1,000,000-egg clutches by each four- to five-plus-month-old, mated, sexually mature Hawaiian dolphinfish mahi-mahi female.

Clear-colored Hawaiian dolphinfish mahi-mahi ("strong-strong") pelagic (from Greek πελαγικός, "marine") eggs each lodge one white-yellow oil globule with a 0.012- to 0.016-inch (0.3- to 0.4-millimeter) diameter. Hatched larvae manifest 0.16-inch (4-millimeter) diameters and then black-pigmented head, tail and trunk melanophores (from Greek μέλας, "black" and -φόρος, "-bearing") and yolk-sac and planktonic-copepod diets. The four-plus-month-old, 13.5-inch (34.3-centimeter) female and 16.54-inch (42-centimeter) male Hawaiian dolphinfish mahi-mahi, named Coryphaena hippurus (from Greek κορυφή, "head" and Latin hippūrus, "goldfish"), nets sexual maturity.

The physically mature Hawaiian dolphinfish mahi-mahi observes 3.28- to 5-foot (1- to 1.5-meter) lengths and 8- to 25-pound (3.63- to 11.34-kilogram) or even 50-pound (22.68-kilogram) weights.

Round-headed females and square-headed males possess blue-green backs; blue-green silver-gold sides; blue pectoral, black dorsal, white-edged black anal and forked silver-gold caudal finds; and white-yellow undersides.

Fifty-knot (57.54-mile, 92.6-kilometer) hourly speeds quickly queue the streamlined Hawaiian dolphinfish mahi-mahi, with 58- to 66-rayed dorsal and 25- to 31-rayed anal fins, around surface-water prey. The dolphin-sized, dolphin-sounding Hawaiian dolphinfish mahi-mahi remain predators of billfish, crabs, jackfish, mackerel, pompano, squid and zooplankton; and prey of mammals, marlin, sailfish, swordfish and tuna. They survive in 121.39- to 278.71-foot (37- to 85-meter) coastal and open-sea depths in temperatures between 69.8 and 86 degrees Fahrenheit (21 and 30 degrees Celsius).

The Hawaiian dolphinfish mahi-mahi treat Higgins to delicate, flaky, pink-fleshed, sweet-flavored seafood high in B12, niacin, phosphorus and selenium and low in saturated fats and sodium.

Private investigator Thomas Sullivan Magnum (Jay Hernandez) takes on a fishy case in CBS TV's Magnum P.I. season 1 episode 2, From the Head Down: Magnum P.I. @MagnumPICBS, via Facebook Sep. 29, 2018

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Hawaiian dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus), known in Hawaii as mahi-mahi ("very strong"), are natural, strong acrobats, with the ability to jump out of water to catch flying fish (Exocoetidae family); photo by Henry Hauch, owner ACME Ventures Fishing; Cape Canaveral, east central Florida; May 2011: ACME Ventures Fishing, via Facebook May 25, 2011, @ https://www.facebook.com/131233053591294/photos/a.142650409116225/190302314351034/

Private investigator Thomas Sullivan Magnum (Jay Hernandez) takes on a fishy case in CBS TV's Magnum P.I. season 1 episode 2, From the Head Down: Magnum P.I. @MagnumPICBS, via Facebook Sep. 29, 2018, @ https://www.facebook.com/MagnumPICBS/photos/a.188324141812283/266339777344052/

For further information:

ACME Ventures Fishing. 25 May 2011. "Mahi Doing what they do best........Acrobatics!" Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/131233053591294/photos/a.142650409116225/190302314351034/

Bostwick, Joshua. 2000. "Coryphaena hippurus." Edited by William Fink. Animal Diversity Web. Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan.
Available @ https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Coryphaena_hippurus/

Donaldson, Terry J. "Common Dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus." In: Michael Hutchins, Dennis A. Thoney, Paul V. Loiselle and Neil Schlager, editors. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Second edition. Volume 5, Fishes II: 215-216. Farmington Hills MI: Gale Group, 2003.

"From the Head Down." Magnum PI: The First Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Oct. 6, 2018.

Kraul, Syd. 1999. "Seasonal Abundance of the Dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus, in Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific Ocean." Scientia Marina 63(3-4): 261-266.
Available @ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287707175_Seasonal_abundance_of_the_dolphinfish_Coryphaena_hippurus_in_Hawaii_and_the_tropical_Pacific_Ocean

Linnæi, Carolus. 1758. "146. Scomber. pelagicus 8. S. pinnulis pinnaque dorsali coadunatis in unum." Systema Naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I: 299. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ [Stockholm, Sweden]: Laurentii Salvii.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727210

Magnum P.I. @MagnumPICBS. 29 September 2018. "Magnum = more damaged cars! Here's your first look at Monday's episode!" Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MagnumPICBS/photos/a.188324141812283/266339777344052/

"Mahimahi." Hawaii Seafood Council > Wild Hawaii Fish > Other Ocean Species.
Available @ https://www.hawaii-seafood.org/wild-hawaii-fish/mahimahi/

Shelton, John. 13 February 2014. "Dorado (Dolphinfish, Mahi Mahi) - Coryphaena Hippurus." Dana Point Fish Company > Species ID.
Available @ https://www.danapointfishcompany.com/dorado-dolphinfish-mahi-mahi-coryphaena-hippurus/

Edward I's Third Letter on the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid

Summary: King Edward I's third letter Oct. 10, 1303, on the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid concerned Abbot Wenlok's suspecting and sequestering monks.

Sir Roger Brabazon (ca. 1247-1317), Chief Justice of the King's Bench (1296-1316), became one of three justices designated after Edward I's second Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid letter August 1303; Bohemian etcher Wenceslaus Hollar's (July 13, 1607-March 25, 1677) print of Roger Brabazon's tomb slab in William Dugdale's The History of St. Paul's Cathedral in London (1658), page 76: via Internet Archive

King Edward I's third letter Oct. 10, 1303, on the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid April 30-May 3, 1303, asked his five justices to act upon an appeal from the Abbey community.

The appeal broached 49 monks and 32 auxiliaries and servants being in the Tower for breaking into the Royal Treasury in Westminster Abbey's Chapter House Crypt. Edward called upon Ralph de Sandwich (1235-1308), Constable of the Tower Sept. 10, 1285-March 24, 1308, and Walter of Gloucester, both commissioned since June 6, 1303. He likewise drew upon William de Bereford (1272-1326), Roger Brabazon (died 1317) and Roger de Hegham, designated justices since Edward's second letter Aug. 14, 1303.

Edward ended John Bakewell's and Essex Sheriff Roger de Southcote's appointments as justices after the first Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid enquiry June 6-Aug. 7, 1303.

All monastic community members perhaps found themselves in the Tower of London together with Westminster Abbey Royal treasury raid recovered booty and suspected burglars and beneficiaries.

Paul Doherty, in The Great Crown Jewels Robbery of 1303 for Carroll & Graf Publishers Sept. 26, 2005, goes to Edward's second letter Aug. 14, 1303. Justices Bakewell, Gloucester, Sandwich and Southcote harvested imprisonments and indictments while appointed investigator John de Drokensford (1260-May 9, 1329) herded burgled treasures into the Tower's storehouses. Edward's second letter indicated, "We, wishing to be more certain about the truth in this matter, order you [justices]" to inquire deeper, further, harder, longer, wider.

Doherty judges that the second commission, Aug. 14-Oct. 9, 1303, juggled monks with their auxiliaries and servants into the Tower of London sometime during the fall.

Perhaps the second commission kept everyone, from abbot through servant, in the Tower to kick-start searches to know everything in Abbey buildings and on Abbey grounds.

Doherty lists two previous launchings of unsuccessful Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raids, in 1296 by John the Cook of Lechtesman and in 1300 by Abbey monks. Edward made Cook a traitor even though he mobilized nobody and nothing against the monks, whose Abbot Walter de Wenlok (died Dec. 25, 1307) mastered bribery. And yet the third Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid netted the subprior, treasurer, fabric restorer, three cellarers and three monks that nurtured the failed second raid.

Alexander de Pershore, Thomas de Dene and John de Butterley outsourced for personal operations £100 in silver for repose of Queen Eleanor's (1241-Nov. 28, 1290) soul.

Roger de Bures, Ralph de Morton, John de Noteley, Robert de Cherring, Thomas de Lichfield and John de Prescot participated in purloining the royal widower's payment.

Abbot Wenlok queued the nine among 81 Abbey auxiliaries, monks and servants "falsely indicted of the breaking of the Treasury at Westminster" April 30-May 3, 1303. He remonstrated against his, the nine's and 71 others' relegation to the Tower prison for "carrying away treasure to the value of a hundred thousand pounds." His accounts showed sums "pro deliveracione Fratrum" ("for the deliverance of the brothers [in the Tower]") and to Edward's commissioners Bereford, Brabazon, Drokensford, Hegham and Southcote.

Queen Margaret (1279-Feb. 14, 1318) took suspects Alice and Castanea Barber from Newgate Prison and perhaps talked Edward into turning monks loose by early April 1304.

Abbot Walter de Wenlok professed monks' disinvolvement with the 1303 Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid and its predecessor, the 1300 theft; Walter de Wenlok's presumed effigy on sedilia (priests' bench) canopy at Westminster Abbey; photo by D. Weller, E.H. Pearce's Walter de Wenlock (1920), frontispiece: Not in copyright, via Internet Archive

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Sir Roger Brabazon (ca. 1247-1317), Chief Justice of the King's Bench (1296-1316), became one of three justices designated after Edward I's second Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid letter August 1303; Bohemian etcher Wenceslaus Hollar's (July 13, 1607-March 25, 1677) print of Roger Brabazon's tomb slab in William Dugdale's The History of St. Paul's Cathedral in London (1658), page 76: via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/stream/historyofstpauls01dugd#page/76/mode/1up

Abbot Walter de Wenlok professed monks' disinvolvement with the 1303 Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid and its predecessor, the 1300 theft; Walter de Wenlok's presumed effigy on sedilia (priests' bench) canopy at Westminster Abbey; photo by D. Weller, E.H. Pearce's Walter de Wenlock (1920), frontispiece: Not in copyright, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/stream/walterdewenlock00pearuoft#page/n7/mode/1up

For further information:

Doherty, Paul. 2005. The Great Crown Jewels Robbery of 1303. New York NY: Carroll & Graf Publisher.

Dugdale, William. 1658. The History of St. Pauls Cathedral in London, From Its Foundation Until These Times. London, England: Tho. Warren, MDCLVIII.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/stream/historyofstpauls01dugd

Harvey, Barbara F., ed. 1965. Documents Illustrating the Rule of Walter de Wenlok, Abbot of Westminster 1283-1307. Vol. II. Camden Fourth Series. London, England: Offices of the Royal Historical Society.

Keay, Anna. 2011. The Crown Jewels. London UK: Thames & Hudson Ltd.

Lethaby, W.R. (William Richard). 1906. Westminster Abbey and the King's Craftsmen. London, England: Duckworth & Co., MCMVI.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/westminsterabbey00lethuoft

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 April 2018. "Richard Puddlicott and the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/richard-puddlicott-and-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 May 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid in April and May 1303 in England." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 May 2018. "Mysteries of the April-May 1303 Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/mysteries-of-april-may-1303-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 June 2018. "King Edward I's Letter on the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/king-edward-is-letter-on-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 June 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Royal Proclamation June 16, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_8.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Palmer Confession June 17, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 June 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Arrests June 18-19, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_22.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 June 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Indenture June 22, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_29.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 July 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Palmer Confession July 6, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 July 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Goldsmiths Talk July 4, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_13.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 July 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Aldermen Interviews July 29, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_27.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 August 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Westminster Jurors Aug. 6, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 August 2018. "Edward I's Second Letter on the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/edward-is-second-letter-on-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 September 2018. "Westminster Abbey Refectory Raid and London Sheriff Hugh Pourte." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/westminster-abbey-refectory-raid-and.html

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2018 October Camelopardalids Peak Friday, Oct. 5, to Pre-Dawn Oct. 6

Summary: The 2018 October Camelopardalids peak Friday night, Oct. 5, to pre-dawn Saturday, Oct. 6, as a little-known, minor annual meteor shower.

October Camelopardalids might repeat 2005, 2006 and 2016 outbursts with enhanced activity in 2018: The SETI Institute @SETIInstitute, via Twitter Oct. 13, 2016

The 2018 October Camelopardalids peak Friday night, Oct. 5, to pre-dawn Saturday, Oct. 6, as a little-known minor meteor shower that is short-lived, with activity centered on the shower’s peak date.

The International Meteor Organization’s 2018 Meteor Shower Calendar places the 2018 maximum activity time for the October Camelopardalids in the pre-dawn hours, Saturday, Oct. 6, at 03:30 Universal Time (4:30 a.m. British Summer Time, Saturday, Oct. 6; 11:30 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time, Friday, Oct. 5). United Kingdom-based Society for Popular Astronomy (SPA) suggests peak-viewing hours Saturday, Oct. 6, between 00:00 and 04:00 UT (1 a.m. to 5 a.m. BST, Saturday, Oct. 6; 8 p.m. EDT, Friday, Oct. 5, to 12 p.m. EDT, Saturday, Oct. 6).

Lunar conditions are conducive for easy viewing of the 2018 October Camelopardalids. The waning crescent phase is winding down in anticipation of the Tuesday, Oct. 9, new moon. Illumination claims 18 percent surface visibility for Friday, Oct. 5. Surface visibility of the slivery lunar crescent dips to only 10 percent for Saturday, Oct. 6.

The October Camelopardalid meteor shower’s name reflects an apparent point of origin, known as the radiant, in Camelopardalis the Giraffe constellation. Robert Lunsford, the American Meteor Society’s Meteor Activity Outlook weekly columnist, describes the radiant’s placement “in a very remote portion of eastern Camelopardalis.”

The International Meteor Organization’s meteor shower calendars for 2010 to 2015 specify “a north-circumpolar radiant near the ‘tail’ of Draco. . .” The radiant lies near the Giraffe’s border with Draco the Dragon. The location has “. . . no bright star nearby that readily identifies the radiant position,” according to Dutch and American meteor astronomer Peter Jenniskens and four co-authors (Jarmo Moilanen; Esko Lyytinen; Ilkka Yrjölä; Jeff Brower) in WGN’s October 2005 issue. The co-authors explain their choice for the shower’s name: “In order to avoid confusion with the October Draconids, we will choose here to name this shower the October Camelopardalids.”

Camelopardalis stretches across the Northern Celestial Hemisphere between two starry landmarks. Capella (Alpha Aurigae, α Aurigae; Alpha Aur, α Aur), brightest star in Auriga the Charioteer constellation and the Northern Celestial Hemisphere’s third brightest star, lies to the Giraffe’s south. Polaris (Alpha Ursae Minoris, α Ursae Minoris; Alpha UMi, α UMi), brightest star in Ursa Minor the Little Bear constellation and currently the northern pole star, lies to the Giraffe’s north.

Lunsford and the Society for Popular Astronomy (SPA) suggest locating the October Camelopardalid meteor shower’s radiant by way of the Northern Hemisphere’s bear constellations. The SPA notes the radiant location “roughly midway” between Ursa Major the Great Bear’s pointer stars, Merak and Dubhe, and the Little Bear’s tail star, Polaris.

Lunsford explains the radiant’s location by way of the dipper asterisms, or pattern of stars, in the two bear constellations. Pherkad (Gamma Ursae Minoris, γ Ursae Minoris; Gamma UMi, γ UMi) and Kochab (Beta Ursae Minoris, β Ursae Minoris; Beta UMi, β UMi) mark the outer side of the bowl in Ursa Minor’s Little Dipper asterism. Pointer stars Merak (Beta Ursae Majoris, β Ursae Majoris; Beta UMa, β UMa) and Dubhe (Alpha Ursae Majoris, α Ursae Majoris; Alpha UMa, α Uma) shape the outer side of the bowl in the Great Bear constellation’s Big Dipper asterism. Lines imaginatively extended westward through the Little Dipper bowl’s outer side and northward through the Big Dipper bowl’s outer side intersect close to the October Camelopardalid meteor shower’s radiant.

The October Camelopardalids appear to radiate at a medium velocity outward from Camelopardalis. Meteor entry velocity is calculated at 47 kilometers per second (about 29 miles per second).

Zenithal hourly rate (ZHR) hypothesizes ideal viewing rates under optimal radiant and sky conditions. The International Meteor Organization’s 2018 Meteor Shower Calendar places a question mark after a suggested zenithal hourly rate of five meteors per hour for the peak date.

The calendar’s compiler, Dr. Jürgen Rendtel of northeastern Germany’s Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), considers a possible outburst in 2018. He notes short-lived outbursts in 2005, 2006 and 2016. Enhanced activity occurred at 14:45 UT, Wednesday, Oct. 5, 2016 (3:45 a.m. BST; 10:45 a.m. EDT), at the predicted position. He suggests possibly similar enhanced activity at 02:16 UT, Saturday, Oct. 6, 2018 (3:16 BST, Saturday, Oct. 6; 10:16 p.m. EDT, Friday, Oct. 5).

The October Camelopardalid meteor shower’s parent body is unknown. Jiří Borovička and Pavel Spurný of Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences, Ondřejov, central Czech Republic, have determined that the unknown parent body is a long period comet with an orbital period larger than 260 years and a nominal value of 4,500 years.

The takeaway for the 2018 October Camelopardalids’ peak Friday night, Oct. 5, to pre-dawn Saturday, Oct. 6, is that data from previous outbursts in 2005, 2006 and 2016 suggest the possibility of enhanced activity in 2018.

NASA Allsky Meteor Camera captures October Camelopardalid meteor, Saturday, Oct. 6, 2010, at 03:49 Coordinated Universal Time (4:49 a.m. British Summer Time, Saturday, Oct. 6; 11:49 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time, Friday, Oct. 5); Bill Cooke, "Camel Leopards and Comets," Watch the Skies, Oct. 8, 2010: Watch the Skies, via NASA Blogs

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

October Camelopardalids might repeat 2005, 2006 and 2016 outbursts with enhanced activity in 2018: The SETI Institute @SETIInstitute, via Twitter Oct. 13, 2016, @ https://twitter.com/SETIInstitute/status/786664561336254464

NASA Allsky Meteor Camera captures October Camelopardalid meteor, Saturday, Oct. 6, 2010, at 03:49 Coordinated Universal Time (4:49 a.m. British Summer Time, Saturday, Oct. 6; 11:49 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time, Friday, Oct. 5); Bill Cooke, "Camel Leopards and Comets," Watch the Skies, Oct. 8, 2010: Watch the Skies, via NASA Blogs @ https://blogs.nasa.gov/Watch_the_Skies/2010/10/08/post_1286563452288/

For further information:

“00281 OCT October Camelopardalids.” IAU (International Astronomical Union) Meteor Data Center > List of All Meteor Showers.
Available @ https://www.ta3.sk/IAUC22DB/MDC2007/Roje/pojedynczy_obiekt.php?kodstrumienia=00281&colecimy=0&kodmin=00001&kodmax=01032&sortowanie=0

“2018 October Camelopardalids.” Society for Popular Astronomy > Minor Showers.
Available @ https://www.popastro.com/main_spa1/meteor/2018-october-camelopardalids/

Antier, Karl. “Enhanced October Camelopardalids (OCT) Activity on October, 5th, 2016.” International Meteor Organization > Announcements. Oct. 12, 2016.
Available @ https://www.imo.net/enhanced-october-camelopardalids-oct-activity-on-october-5th-2016/

Bailey, G.Percy. “A Possible Meteor Shower on October 4.” Nature, vol. 66, no. 1719 (Oct. 9, 1902): 577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/066577c0
Available via Nature @ https://www.nature.com/articles/066577c0

Borovička, Jiří; and Pavel Spurný. “Precise Photographic Orbit of a 2005 October Camelopardalid Meteor.” WGN, vol. 34, no. 3 (June 2006): 85-86.
Available via Harvard ADSABS (NASA Astrophysics Data System Abstracts) @ http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2006JIMO...34...85B
Available via WGN @ https://www.imo.net/publications/wgn/

“CAMS-Detected October Camelopardalids Radiant Positions.” NASA/SETI CAMS > Scientific Results. Oct. 12, 2016.
Available @ http://cams.seti.org/science.html

Cooke, Bill. “Camel Leopards and Comets.” NASA Blogs > Watch the Skies. Oct. 8, 2010.
Available @ https://blogs.nasa.gov/Watch_the_Skies/2010/10/08/post_1286563452288/

Espenak, Fred. “Phases of the Moon: 2001 to 2100.” Astro Pixels > Ephemeris > Moon.
Available @ http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/phasescat/phases2001.html

Garner, Rob, ed. “NASA, Sky-Watchers to Look for May Camelopardalids Meteor Shower.” NASA > Goddard Space Flight Center > Meteors & Meteorites. May 22, 2014. Last updated Aug. 7, 2017.
Available @ https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/nasa-sky-watchers-to-look-for-may-camelopardalids-meteor-shower

Jenniskens, P. (Peter). “October Camelopardalids.” CBET (Central Bureau for Electronic Telegrams), no. 309. Nov. 29, 2005. Edited by Daniel W.E. Green.
Available via Harvard University’s Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams @ http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/cbet/000300/CBET000309.txt

Jenniskens, Peter. Meteor Showers and Their Parent Comets. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Jenniskens, Peter; Jarmo Moilanen; Esko Lyytinen; Ilkka Yrjölä; and Jeff Brower. “The 2005 October 5 Outburst of October Camelopardalids.” WGN, vol. 33, no. 5 (October 2005): 125-128.
Available via Harvard ADSABS @ http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2005JIMO...33..125J
Available via IMO @ https://www.imo.net/publications/wgn/

Johannink, Carl. “October Camelopardalids by CAMS.” MeteorNews. Dec. 10, 2017.
Available @ https://www.meteornews.net/2017/12/10/october-camelopardalids-by-cams/

Koukal, Jakub; Juraj Tóth; Roman Piffl; and Leonard Kornoš. “Some Interesting Meteor Showers in EDMOND Database.” WGN, vol. 42, no. 1 (February 2014): 7-13. Hove, Belgium: International Meteor Organization, 2014.
Available via IMO @ https://www.imo.net/publications/wgn/

Lunsford, Robert. “Meteor Activity Outlook for October 1-7, 2016.” American Meteor Society. Oct. 1, 2016.
Available @ https://www.amsmeteors.org/2016/10/meteor-activity-outlook-for-october-1-7-2016/

Lunsford, Robert. “Meteor Activity Outlook for October 7-13, 2017.” American Meteor Society. Oct. 6, 2017.
Available @ https://www.amsmeteors.org/2017/10/meteor-activity-outlook-for-october-7-13-2017/

Lunsford, Robert. Meteors and How to Observe Them. Astronomers’ Observing Guides. New York NY: Springer Science+Business Media, 2009.

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Marriner, Derdriu. “Auriga the Charioteer Claims Capella as Night’s Sixth Brightest Star.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Oct. 19, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/auriga-charioteer-claims-capella-as.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Big Dipper Bowl Pointer Stars Lead to Auriga Constellation and Capella.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Oct. 26, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/big-dipper-bowl-pointer-stars-lead-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “North Star Pointer Constellation Cassiopeia Is Opposite the Big Dipper.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Sept. 7, 2016.
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McBeath, Alastair. “October 5/6 Meteors.” 2013 Meteor Shower Calendar > 6. October to December: 13.
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2018-2019 Met Opera Season’s Third Week Offers Puccini, Saint-Saëns, Verdi

Summary: The 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s third week offers Puccini, Saint-Saëns and Verdi operas of Aida, La Bohème, La Fanciulla del West and Samson et Dalila.

Met Opera's 2018-2019 season stages the third revival of Giancarlo del Monaco's production of Puccini's La Fanciulla del West: Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook July 12, 2018

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s third week offers Puccini, Saint-Saëns and Verdi operas in continuing performances of Aida, La Bohème, La Fanciulla del West and Samson et Dalila.

October’s second week is the 2018-2019 season’s third week. The week’s schedule offers continuing performances of one opera that debuted a new production and three operas that are revivals.

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s third week opens with the season’s second performance of La Fanciulla del West by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924). The Monday, Oct. 8, 2018, performance starts at 7:30 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time. The week’s second performance of La Fanciulla del West, which is the season’s third performance of Puccini's mining-themed opera, is scheduled for Friday, Oct. 12, at 7:30 p.m.

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s premiere of La Fanciulla del West happened Thursday, Oct. 4, at 7:30 p.m. The season premiere revived Giancarlo del Monaco’s production. The Italian stage director’s staging debuted Oct. 10, 1991, as a new production in the Metropolitan Opera’s 76th performance of La Fanciulla del West.

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s performances of La Fanciulla del West number as the third revival of Giancarlo del Monaco’s production at the Metropolitan Opera. The first revival took place during the 1992-1993 season. The second revival dates to the 2010-2011 Met Opera season.

La Fanciulla del West also appears as the fourth of the 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s Saturday matinee radio broadcasts. The season’s Saturday matinee radio broadcast schedule begins Saturday, Dec. 1, 2018, with Mefistofele by Italian composer and librettist Arrigo Boito (Feb. 24, 1842-June 10, 1918). Les Pêcheurs de Perles by French Romantic Era composer Georges Bizet (Oct. 25, 1838-June 3, 1875) closes the 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s Saturday matinee radio broadcast schedule.

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s third week also continues performances of Samson et Dalila by French Romantic Era composer Camille Saint-Saëns (Oct. 9, 1835-Dec. 16, 1921). The week’s two performances of Samson et Dalila are scheduled for Tuesday, Oct. 9, at 7:30 p.m. and Saturday, Oct. 13, at 1 p.m.

The 2018-2019 Met Opera opened with Samson et Dalila’s season premiere Monday, Sept. 24, at 6 p.m. The season premiere debuted the Metropolitan Opera’s new production of Saint-Saëns’s Biblical opera. Darko Tresnjak directs the new production.

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s new production updates an opera that the opera house has not performed for over 12 years. The 2005-2006 season’s performances of Samson et Dalila revived Elijah Moshinsky’s staging. The Australian opera and theatre director’s new production debuted Feb. 13, 1998, in the Metropolitan Opera’s 177th performance of Samson et Dalila.

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s third week continues performances of La Bohème by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924). The week’s two performances of La Bohème are offered Wednesday, Oct. 10, at 7:30 p.m. and Saturday, Oct. 13, at 8 p.m.

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s performances of Puccini’s Paris-based bohemian opera revive Franco Zeffirelli’s production and set design. The Italian film, opera and television director and producer’s staging debuted Dec. 14, 1981, as a new production in the opera house’s 823rd performance of La Bohème.

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s third week stages one performance of Aida by Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901). The week’s solitary Aida performance takes place Thursday, Oct. 11, at 7:30 p.m.

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s performances revive Sonja Frisell’s staging. The British director’s production debuted Dec. 8, 1988, in the opera house’s 924th performance of Aida.

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season's offerings during the season's third week have a shared history. Italian operatic tenor Enrico Caruso (Feb. 25, 1873-Aug. 2, 1921) sang lead roles in all four operas during his Metropolitan Opera career. La Fanciulla del West is the only one of the four operas, however, with Caruso's lead role appearance in the Metropolitan Opera's premiere.

The takeaways for the 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s third week offerings of Puccini, Saint-Saëns and Verdi are that three operas (Aida, La Bohème, La Fanciulla del West) are performed as revivals and one opera, Saint-Saëns’s Samson et Dalila, debuts a new production.

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season's performances of Puccini's La Bohème revive Italian film, opera and television director Franco Zeffirelli's staging, which debuted Dec. 14, 1981, at Met Opera: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook Feb. 1, 2018

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Puccini’s La Fanciulla del West returns to the Metropolitan Opera as a new production, with only October performances: Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook July 12, 2018, @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/posts/10160768910630533

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season's performances of Puccini's La Bohème revive Italian film, opera and television director Franco Zeffirelli's staging, which debuted Dec. 14, 1981, at Met Opera: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook Feb. 1, 2018, @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532.229232.20807115532/10160070759380533/

For further information:

Marriner, Derdriu. “2018-2019 Met Opera Season Opens Sept. 24 With Samson et Dalila.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Sept. 17, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/2018-2019-met-opera-season-opens-sept.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2018-2019 Met Opera Season Premiere of La Fanciulla del West Is Thursday, Oct. 4.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Sept. 24, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/2018-2019-met-opera-season-premiere-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2018-2019 Metropolitan Opera Season Presents Four New Productions.” Earth and Space News. Monday, June 25, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/2018-2019-metropolitan-opera-season_25.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2018-2019 Metropolitan Opera Season Stages 29 Operas.” Earth and Space News. Monday, June 18, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/2018-2019-metropolitan-opera-season.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Aida Is the April 15, 2017, Metropolitan Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, April 10, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/04/aida-is-april-15-2017-metropolitan.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “La Bohème Is Feb. 24, 2018, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Feb. 19, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/la-boheme-is-feb-24-2018-met-opera.html

The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. "Franco Zeffirelli’s picturesque staging, which has appeared 492 times since its 1981 premiere, is the most-performed production in Met history. http://bit.ly/2pGw4yG Photo courtesy of the Met Opera Archives." Facebook. Feb. 1, 2018.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532.229232.20807115532/10160070759380533/

Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. “New on iTunes: Puccini’s romantic epic of the Wild West, La Fanciulla del West, springs to life in Giancarlo del Monaco’s dramatic production. . . .” Facebook. April 12, 2018.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532.229232.20807115532/10160410490980533/

Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. “Puccini’s La Fanciulla del West made its world premiere on the Metropolitan Opera stage on December 10, 1910 in the presence of the composer. . . .” Facebook. July 12, 2018.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/posts/10160768910630533

“New Production: Aida.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 294740 New Production Aida {924} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/8/1988.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=294740

“New Production: La Bohème.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 266920 New Production La Bohème {823} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/14/1981.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=266920

“New Production: La Fanciulla del West.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 306170 New Production La Fanciulla del West {76} Metropolitan Opera House: 10/10/1991.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=306170

“New Production: Samson et Dalila.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 330432 New Production Samson et Dalila {177} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/13/1998.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=330432