Summary: Greenland, world waters and their water world life affect each other, according to Helen Czerski Oct. 3, 2023, in The Blue Machine: How the Ocean Works.
"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.
“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.
 |
| Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) abide in coastal ocean waters between Canada and Greenland and along east, south, west Greenland; around Iceland and Svalbard; from northwesternmost Russia, around northern and western Europe, through coastal northwest Portugal. They access cool and warm waters elsewhere by their affinity with 400-meter (1.312.33596-foot) depths down. The Caribbean ocean basin, for example, affords them such depths downward to 4,200 meters (13,779.5276 feet). Its temperatures there around 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit) agree with them even as its temperatures at 4 degrees Celsius (39.2 degrees Fahrenheit) in the Belize Barrier Reef agreed with the Greenland shark amassed August 2013 among deep-sea fish communities around the blowout site of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig Tuesday, April 20, 2010. Arctic thaw and global warming perhaps aggregate Greenland sharks away from their native, natural areas; "In the last couple minutes of the last dive of the field season, we found the largest fish we have ever encountered with the ROV, a Greenland Shark," image courtesy of the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, Northeast U.S. Canyons Expedition 2013: Not subject to copyright, via NOAA Ocean Explorer Okeano |
Greenland, world waters and their water world life affect each other, according to University College London oceanographer and physicist Helen Czerski Oct. 3, 2023, in The Blue Machine: How the Ocean Works.
Dr. Czerski broaches world-largest island, Greenland, as world-largest landmass all within the Arctic region, 80+% within the Arctic Circle, all north coast along the Arctic Ocean. She considers Greenland for the latter Denmark-dependent, home-ruled territory configuring underwater currents, ocean walls and waterfalls that connect latitude-, season-, sunlight-commanded world waters. She describes equatorial near-surface waters as 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit) even as she designates Arctic near-surface waters as -1.8 degrees Celsius (28.76 degrees Fahrenheit).
Our Earth epitomizing northern and southern hemisphere-curving expressions away from our Sun explains Gulf of America heated Belize Barrier Reef and Greenland shark-existing, heatless Greenland waters.
The research vessel R/V Apalachee found a Caribbean-frequenting Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus [from Latin somnium -osus, “sleep -ose”; Greek μῑκροκέφᾰλος, “small[-]head via Latin mīcrocephalus) August 2013.
That research team gathered deep-sea fish communities to gauge Caribbean oil-spill impacts from the Deepwater Horizon oil-rig blowout in the Macondo Prospect Tuesday, April 20, 2010. The hook that harvested that brown-gray, 3.7-meter- (12.1391-foot-) long juvenile hung 1,749 meters (5,738.189 feet) below surface waters 6,758 kilometers (4,199.227 miles) south of coastal-south Greenland. The afore-indicated research team identified Belize Barrier Reef deep-water temperature and therefore the deep water-itinerating temperature of their hook at 4 degrees Celsius (39.2 degrees Fahrenheit) Greenland, world waters and their water world life.
Greenland water world life, such as Greenland sharks journeying 1 meter (3.28084 feet) every 4 seconds, jubilate world waters of water world life and vice versa.
Warm surface waters in the Gulf of America know 100- to 200-meter (328.08399- to 656.167979-foot) thicknesses even as Gulf oceanography kindles a near-4,000-meter- (13,123.3596-foot-) deep basin.
Greenland sharks live in temperatures around 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit) at 400-meter (1,312.33596-foot) below-surface depths in the ocean waters that link Greenland and Iceland. So how might they master moving from their meals where flounder, seal and skate matter in cold, deep, dense, salty waters at the afore-mentioned depths downward? Greenland and Iceland waters niche a shallow water-topped underwater mountain south-southwest of the cold-, deep-, salty-watered Arctic Ocean and north-northeast of the warmer-temperatured North Atlantic Ocean.
Greenland, world waters and water world life occur at the 100- to 300-meter- (328.08399- to 984.251969-foot-) deep waterway occasioning the world-largest waterfall, the Denmark Strait Overflow.
The three-million-cubic-meter overflow every second, like the underwater current from Greenland 1,200 miles (1,931.2128 kilometers) eastward to northern Norway, permits the Greenland shark to peregrinate elsewhere.
Two- to three-kilometer-deep basins of the Arctic and the Atlantic Ocean quarter native Greenland sharks even as their global-warmed surfaces queue non-native bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus). The East Greenland Current rounds south Greenland’s Nunap Isua (“Cape Farewell”), runs into the Gulf Stream and realizes that Atlantic-Ocean region’s rewarding char-, flounder-, halibut-fishing industry. Its Arctic silhouette and such resources as radioactive uranium and rare earths suggest Arctic-thawed, global-warmed stresses strained by air, land, water pollution without sagely, strict supervision.
Bluefin tuna and Greenland sharks respectively in Greenland and world waters tell us to treat Arctic thaw, global warming, Greenland mining, water world life Greenland-thoughtfully, Greenland-unthreateningly.
 |
| The eastern and the western Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea announce themselves as native areas of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus). Arctic thaw and global warming perhaps anticipate a different arrangement for these near-surface animal sentients who approach 500- to 1,000-meter (1,640.42- to 3,280.84-foot) depths in their below-surface dives into colder, darker, denser, saltier waters. Dr. Czerski articulates, in her book The Blue Machine: How the Ocean Works, bluefin tuna Greenland areas, well north of typical Atlantic-Ocean areas of bluefin funa, associated with native Greenland sharks; image of "Western Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Thunnus Thynnus," credit Courtesy National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Not subject to copyright, via NOAA Fisheries |
Acknowledgment
My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.
Dedication
Dedication
This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.
Image credits:
Image credits:
Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) abide in coastal ocean waters between Canada and Greenland and along east, south, west Greenland; around Iceland and Svalbard; from northwesternmost Russia, around northern and western Europe, through coastal northwest Portugal. They access cool and warm waters elsewhere by their affinity with 400-meter (1.312.33596-foot) depths down. The Caribbean ocean basin, for example, affords them such depths downward to 4,200 meters (13,779.5276 feet). Its temperatures there around 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit) agree with them even as its temperatures at 4 degrees Celsius (39.2 degrees Fahrenheit) in the Belize Barrier Reef agreed with the Greenland shark amassed August 2013 among deep-sea fish communities around the blowout site of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig Tuesday, April 20, 2010. Arctic thaw and global warming perhaps aggregate Greenland sharks away from their native, natural areas; "In the last couple minutes of the last dive of the field season, we found the largest fish we have ever encountered with the ROV, a Greenland Shark," image courtesy of the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, Northeast U.S. Canyons Expedition 2013: Not subject to copyright, via NOAA Ocean Explorer Okeanos @ https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/okeanos/explorations/ex1304/dailyupdates/media/aug16.html;
Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Somniosus_microcephalus_okeanos.jpg
Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Somniosus_microcephalus_okeanos.jpg
The eastern and the western Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea announce themselves as native areas of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus). Arctic thaw and global warming perhaps anticipate a different arrangement for these near-surface animal sentients who approach 500- to 1,000-meter (1,640.42- to 3,280.84-foot) depths in their below-surface dives into colder, darker, denser, saltier waters. Dr. Czerski articulates, in her book The Blue Machine: How the Ocean Works, bluefin tuna Greenland areas, well north of typical Atlantic-Ocean areas of bluefin funa, associated with native Greenland sharks; image of "Western Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Thunnus Thynnus," credit Courtesy National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Not subject to copyright, via NOAA Fisheries @ https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/western-atlantic-bluefin-tuna; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bluefin-big.jpg
For further information:
For further information:
Auerbach, Loren; and Jacqueline Simpson. 1997. Sagas of the Norsemen: Viking and German Myth. London [England UK:] Duncan Baird Publishers.
Benz, George W., Ph.D. "Greenland shark Somniosus microcephalus." Pages 156-157. In: Bernhard Grzimek, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 2nd edition. Volumes 4-5, Fishes I-II, edited by Michael Hutchins, Dennis A. Thoney, Paul V. Loiselle and Neil Schlager. Farmington Hills MI: Gale Group, 2003.
Bloch, M. E. and Schneider, J. G. 1801. "Squalus microcephalus." Page 135. In: M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. Systema Ichthyol. i-lx + 1-584.
"Ord. III. ABD. G 37. Squalus. *29. MICROCEPHALUS. S. capite et pinnis parvis, dentibus parvis, compreſſis, acie lata, hamata, naribus terminalibus, pinna dorſali paulum poſt baſin pectoralium, meſsura poſt ventralium lineam perpendicularem poſita, omnibus remotiſſimis, ano pinnae caudali vicino, cauda brevi.
Habitat in mari glaciali.
Exemplum meum 13 pedes longum."
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5475232#page/199/mode/1up
"Ord. III. ABD. G 37. Squalus. *29. MICROCEPHALUS. S. capite et pinnis parvis, dentibus parvis, compreſſis, acie lata, hamata, naribus terminalibus, pinna dorſali paulum poſt baſin pectoralium, meſsura poſt ventralium lineam perpendicularem poſita, omnibus remotiſſimis, ano pinnae caudali vicino, cauda brevi.
Habitat in mari glaciali.
Exemplum meum 13 pedes longum."
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5475232#page/199/mode/1up
Boxshall, Amy. 2020. "Greenland Shark." In: Amy Boxshall, My Awesome Sharks Book. England UK; The Wilderness, Beckhamsted, Hertfordshire; New York NY: Make Believe Ideas Ltd., 557 Broadway, Sep. 20, 2020.
Brydon, Alli. 2023. "Super Awesome Sharks." Pages 3-18. In: Alli Brydon, 4-Minute Shark Stories. Washington DC: National Geographic Kids, National Geographic Partners, LLC, 1145 17th St. NW, Nov. 7, 2023.
Chambers, Jewells. 22 January 2023. "U.S. (American) Fast Food Restaurants in Iceland." All Things Iceland. All Things Iceland> Episodes > Categories > All Things Iceland Episodes.
Available @ https://allthingsiceland.com/american-fast-food-restaurants-iceland/
Available @ https://allthingsiceland.com/american-fast-food-restaurants-iceland/
Czerski, Helen. 2023. The Blue Machine: How the Ocean Works. New York NY: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. Originally published as The Blue Machine: How the Ocean Shapes Our World. Ealing, London, England, UK: Torva imprint, Transworld Publishers, 2023.
Esbensen, Barbara Juster. 1994. Baby Whales Drink Milk. Illustrated by Lambert Davis. New York NY 10022: Let's-Read-and-Find-Out Science Stage 1, HarperCollins Publishers, 10 East 53rd Street.
Flynn, Sarah Wassner. 1,000 Facts About Sharks. Foreword by Ichthyologist Dr. Phillip S. Lobel. Washington DC: National Geographic Kids, National Geographic Partners, LLC, 1145 17th St. NW, Nov. 7, 2023.
“Greenland.” Universal City, CA: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment LLC, Feb. 9, 2021.
Hargrave, Kelly; and Andrea Silen. 2022. Can't Get Enough Shark Stuff. National Geographic Kids. Washington DC: National Geographic Partners, LLC, 1145 17th Street N.W.
Hargrave, Kiran Millwood. 2021. Julia and the Shark. Illustrated by Tom de Freston. Great Britain: Hodder & Stoughton Limited; New York, NY, USA: Union Square Kids, Union Square & Co., LLC, Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.
Harvey, Derek. 2015. Super Shark Encyclopedia and Other Creatures of the Deep. First American Edition. New York NY: DK Publishing, Penguin Random House.
Hinds, Kathryn. 2010. Barbarians! Vikings. Tarrytown NY: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 99 White Plains Rd.
Jackson, Justin. 10 March 2025. "Exploring the Greenland shark's secret to extreme longevity." MSN > News > Phys.org.
Available @ https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/exploring-the-greenland-shark-s-secret-to-extreme-longevity/ar-AA1ADntq?ocid=binghp01&cvid=bbbe85c2dec84268ea41db6295f5a3cf&ei=124
Available @ https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/exploring-the-greenland-shark-s-secret-to-extreme-longevity/ar-AA1ADntq?ocid=binghp01&cvid=bbbe85c2dec84268ea41db6295f5a3cf&ei=124
Kuhnlein, Harriet V.; and Murray M. Humphries. 2017. "Sharks." In: Kuhnlein, H.V.; and M.M. Humphries. 2017. Traditional Animal Foods of Indigenous Peoples of Northern North America. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, McGill University. TraditionalAnimalFoods.org > Animals > Animal Groups > Fish > Saltwater Fish > Sharks > Ethnography.
Available @ http://traditionalanimalfoods.org/fish/saltwater/page.aspx?id=6440
Available @ http://traditionalanimalfoods.org/fish/saltwater/page.aspx?id=6440
Macfarlane, Robert. 2019. Underland: A Deep Time Journey. New York NY: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 5th Avenue.
MacQuitty, Miranda. 2008. Shark. New York NY: Eyewitness Book, DK Publishing, 1745 Broadway, 20th Floor.
MacQuitty, Miranda. 2022. Shark. New York NY: Eyewitness Book, DK Publishing, 1745 Broadway, 20th Floor.
Margeson, Susan M. 2014. Eyewitness Viking. Revised Edition. New York NY: DK Publishing, 1745 Broadway, 20th Floor, [American Edition] 2014. First American Edition, 1994.
Marriner, Derdriu. 13 February 2025. "Greenland, World Waters and Their Water World Life Affect Each Other." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/greenland-world-waters-and-their-water.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/greenland-world-waters-and-their-water.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 6 February 2025. "Arctic Thaw Affects Arctic Circle, Arctic Ocean Island Greenland." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/arctic-thaw-affects-arctic-circle.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/arctic-thaw-affects-arctic-circle.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 30 January 2025. "Michael J Trinklein Absents Arctic Thaw From Iceland in Lost States." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/michael-j-trinklein-absents-arctic-thaw_30.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/michael-j-trinklein-absents-arctic-thaw_30.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2025. "Arctic Thaw Affects Greenland in Lost States by Michael J Trinklein." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/arctic-thaw-affects-greenland-in-lost.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/arctic-thaw-affects-greenland-in-lost.html
McPherson, Stephanie Sammartino. 2015. Arctic Thaw: Climate Change and the Global Race for Energy Resources. Minneapolis MN: Twenty-First Century Books, division of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc.
Muir, Michael. 11 August 2025. "Scientists puzzled by new phenomenon witnessed on Greenland ice sheet: 'We haven't observed anything like this before.'" MSN > Weather > The Cool Down.
Available @ https://www.msn.com/en-us/weather/topstories/scientists-puzzled-by-new-phenomenon-witnessed-on-greenland-ice-sheet-we-haven-t-observed-anything-like-this-before/ar-AA1Klep4?ocid=BingHp01&cvid=8033e83665b6498df127408b13656bd6&ei=10
Available @ https://www.msn.com/en-us/weather/topstories/scientists-puzzled-by-new-phenomenon-witnessed-on-greenland-ice-sheet-we-haven-t-observed-anything-like-this-before/ar-AA1Klep4?ocid=BingHp01&cvid=8033e83665b6498df127408b13656bd6&ei=10
Nuttall, Mark. "Greenland. Pages 383-385. In: World Book Encyclopedia Volume 8 G. Chicago IL: World Book, Inc.
Osborne, Mary Pope. 2020. Narwhal on a Sunny Night. Magic Treehouse #33. Illustrated by AG Ford. New York NY: Stepping Stone Book, Random House Children's Books, divison of Penguin Random House LLC.
Parker, Steve. 2008. The Encyclopedia of Sharks. Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books Ltd.; Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books (U.S.) Inc.
Prunetti, Luigi. 1996. Viking Explorers. Translated by Paul Clark. England: Macdonald Young Books Ltd., 1995. New York, NY: Peter Bedrick Books, 156 Fifth Ave.
Rayne, Elizabeth. 20 August 2025. "Sharks Are Older Than Trees, Which Seems Wrong." Popular Mechanics > News > Technology.
Available @ https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/sharks-are-older-than-trees-which-seems-wrong/ar-AA1KNGIw?ocid=BingHp01&cvid=e56f9a93ddf2491c9a1e042eb374152f&ei=93#image=1
Available @ https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/sharks-are-older-than-trees-which-seems-wrong/ar-AA1KNGIw?ocid=BingHp01&cvid=e56f9a93ddf2491c9a1e042eb374152f&ei=93#image=1
Schmidt, Jennifer V. "Greenland Shark." Pages 385-386. In: World Book Encyclopedia Volume 8 G. Chicago IL: World Book, Inc.
Scott, Jordan. Angela's Glacier. Illustrated by Diana Sudyka. New York NY: Neil Porter Books, Holiday House, Jan. 2, 2024.
Skerry, Brian. With Elizabeth Carney and Sarah Wassner Flynn. The Ultimate Book of Sharks. Washington DC: National Geographic Kids, National Geographic Partners, LLC, 1145 17th St. NW, May 15, 2018.
Skomal, Dr. Greg. 2008. "Greenland shark." Pages 32, 51, 56, 62, 67, 70, 79, 82, 83, 186, 198-201, 202, 272. In: Dr. Greg Skomal, The Shark Handbook: The Essential Guide for Understanding the Sharks of the World. Kennebunkport Me: Cider Mill Press Book Publishers.
Tanaka, Shelley. 2006. Climate Change. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Groundwork Guides, Groundwood Books, House of Anansi Press, 110 Spadina Avenue, Suite 801. Distributed by Publishers Group West, 1700 Fourth Street, Berkeley CA.
Trinklein, Michael J. Lost States: True Stories of Texlahoma, Transylvania, and Other States That Never Made It. Philadelphia PA: Quirk Books, 2010
Van Brugen, Isabel; and John Feng. 15 May 2025. "Map Shows US Nuclear Base Hidden Under Greenland’s Ice Since Cold War.” Newsweek. Newsweek > World > Greenland.
Available @ https://www.newsweek.com/map-us-nuclear-base-cold-war-greenland-2072612
Available @ https://www.newsweek.com/map-us-nuclear-base-cold-war-greenland-2072612
