Earth and Space News: University of Minnesota chrysanthemum patents

Showing posts with label University of Minnesota chrysanthemum patents. Show all posts

Sunday, October 16, 2016

'Snowsota' Chrysanthemum Has Seasonal or Year-Round White Pompom Flowers

Summary: ‘Snowsota’ chrysanthemum, a University of Minnesota mum bred by Richard Widmer, has seasonal or year-round white pompom flowers with yellow centers.

‘Snowsota’ chrysanthemum, a new garden mum (Chrysanthemum morifolium; syn. Dendranthema grandiflora) by University of Minnesota breeder Richard E. Widmer, has seasonal or year-round white pompom flowers with light yellow centers.

On Nov. 21, 1988, inventor Richard E. Widmer filed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office for a chrysanthemum plant named ‘Snowsota.’ The inventor listed the Regents of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, as assignee. Primary examiner Robert E. Bagwill reviewed the application. On Nov. 20, 1990, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office granted patent Plant 7,381 for a chrysanthemum plant named ‘Snowsota.’

‘Snowsota’ chrysanthemum originates in a cross breeding of two unpatented cultivars, Spartan and Chiquita’s Rival, conducted in 1981 by the inventor, a professor in the University of Minnesota’s Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Architecture. The cross is part of an ongoing chrysanthemum breeding project.

In October 1982, the inventor discovered and selected a flowering plant, then identified as Minnesota Selection (NM Sel.) 82-135-88, from the progeny of the cross. The inventor selected the seedling, now known as ‘Snowsota,’ for such favorable characteristics as early floral opening, coloring and pinking-resistance at low temperatures. Propagation by vegetative cuttings, beginning in March to April 1983, revealed stable, true retention of the new cultivar’s favorable traits.

Field testing and trials took place over three years, from 1985 through 1987. Field tests occurred at seven locations in Minnesota. Greenhouse trials tested ‘Snowsota’ as a spring flowerer in 3-inch (1.18-centimeter) pots. Potting of rooted cuttings happened March 15 of each year. One week later stem tip removal by pinching occurred. Forced blooms succeeded via both long day, or natural, and short day, from 0800 to 1600 hours, photoperiods.

The inventor finds that flowering in the field test plots of the University of Minnesota’s St. Paul campus usually starts in August’s last week. Field tests and trials demonstrate the viability of ‘Snowsota’ as both a greenhouse pot plant and an outdoor garden plant for the commercial sector.

The newly cultivated perennial shrub has a height range of 30 to 40 centimeters (11.81 to 15.74 inches) as an outdoor garden plant. ‘Snowsota’ chrysanthemum rises about 10 to 19 centimeters (3.93 to 7.48 inches) above the rim as a potted plant.

Growth habit features spreading, stiff stems that form an informally mounded shape topped with long-lasting blooms. Foliage appears as seven to eight leaves for every 10 centimeters (3.93 inches) of stem.

Ovate, or egg-shaped, leaves have generally incised lobes. Leaf surface is minutely textured with down, described as puberulent. Pinnately veined leaves comprise a main vein branched with smaller veins.

The application describes upper and lower surfaces of leaves as spinach green.

The natural flowering season for ‘Snowsota’ runs from the end of August to the end of October. Greenhouse trials show ‘Snowsota’ as a year-round bloomer by way of photoperiod and temperature control.

‘Snowsota’ chrysanthemum bears flowers as a head of many persistent ray florets in a generally open spray formation. The flower head has a pompom shape.

Broadly obtuse florets are slightly fringed at the tips. Firmly textured florets have a clean, non-shiny appearance.

The application for ‘Snowsota’ chrysanthemum gives colors for indoor potted plants in May and outdoor plants in September. Upper surfaces of outer florets are white in May and clean, snow-white in September. Reverse surfaces are white in May and in September. Inside florets have sulfur yellow upper and lower surfaces in both May and September.

‘Snowsota’ experiences very little color changes. Yellow centers fade to white. Minimal pinking may occur at low temperatures.

‘Snowsota’ chrysanthemum performs well in indoor and outdoor settings and offers long-lasting blooms both seasonally and year-round. White pompom flowers with yellow centers that fade to white top stiff stems with clean, spinach green leaves to present a pleasant, informally mounded shape. ‘Snowsota’ chrysanthemum blends well, seasonally and year-round.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

‘Snowsota’ chrysanthemum, developed by Richard E. Widmer at University of Minnesota, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station: University of Minnesota, David L. Hansen, CC BY 4.0 International, via Minnesota Hardy/University of Minnesota @ https://plus.google.com/photos/112473780924896698706/album/6186645353901835761/6186645544317837554?authkey=CMjDi9H2l8ricw

“Chrysanthemum.” New World Encyclopedia.
Available @ http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Chrysanthemum

“Chrysanthemum Classifications.” New York Botanical Garden Mertz LibGuides > Plant & Gardening Help > Chrysanthemum History and Flower Form.
Available @ http://libguides.nybg.org/content.php?pid=671296&sid=5780887

“Chrysanthemum Plant Named Snowsota.” United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). Nov. 20, 1990.
Available via Plant Patents Image Database, Digital Collections @ University of Maryland Libraries @ https://digital.lib.umd.edu/plantpatents/id/PP07381
Available via Plant Patents Image Database, Digital Collections @ University of Maryland Libraries @ https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/PP07381
Available via U.S. Patent and Trademark Office @ https://ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/PP07381
Available via U.S. Patent and Trademark Office @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP007381 (former URL)

International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. “Document TGP/14: Glossary of Technical, Botanical and Statistical Terms Used in UPOV Documents.” UPOV (Union Internationale Pour la Protection des Obtentions Végétales). Dec. 9, 2006.
Available @ http://www.upov.org/edocs/mdocs/upov/en/tc_edc/2007/tgp_14_draft_1_section_2_3_2.pdf

Marriner, Derdriu. "'Maroon Pride' Chrysanthemum Has Seasonal or Year Round Dark Red Flowers." Earth and Space News. Saturday, Oct. 8, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/maroon-pride-chrysanthemum-has-seasonal.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "‘Minngopher’ Chrysanthemum Has Seasonal or Year Round Dark Red Flowers." Earth and Space News. Sunday, Oct. 9, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/minngopher-chrysanthemum-has-seasonal.html Widmer, Richard

Sunday, October 9, 2016

‘Minngopher’ Chrysanthemum Has Seasonal or Year Round Dark Red Flowers

Summary: ‘Minngopher' chrysanthenum, cultivated by University of Minnesota breeder Richard Widmer, has dark red flowers that bloom seasonally or year round.

‘Minngopher’ chrysanthemum, a newly cultivated variety of garden mum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) by University of Minnesota breeder Richard E. Widmer, has an open spray formation of dark red flowers that blooms seasonally or year round.

On May 16, 1977, Richard E. Widmer filed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office for his invention, a chrysanthemum named ‘Minngopher.’ The inventor listed the Regents of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, as assignee. Primary examiner Robert E. Bagwill reviewed the application. On Oct. 31, 1978, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office granted patent Plant 4,327 for ‘Minngopher’ chrysanthemum.

‘Minngopher’ chrysanthemum is the product of a cross of an unpatented, female Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Ruby Mound’ as seed parent and an unnamed, unpatented male variety as pollen parent conducted by the inventor in 1970. The cross is conducted for the chrysanthemum component of the ongoing Herbaceous Perennial Breeding Program at the University of Minnesota.

The inventor selected a seedling, now known as ‘Minngopher,’ from the cross on the basis of medium-sized, distinctively dark red blooms and compact, short growth. Propagation by vegetative cuttings took place initially at St. Paul, Minnesota, and subsequently at West Chicago, Illinois, and Cortez, Florida. Propagated plants demonstrated stable, true retention of the original plant’s distinctive characteristics over successive generations.

The newly cultivated perennial grows with low spreading sturdiness. Each 'Minngopher' chrysanthemum plant exhibits a spherical shape that is completely topped with flowers. University of Minnesota horticultural science professor and breeder Neil Owen Anderson notes that the University of Minnesota's Herbaceous Perennial Breeding Program first developed the cushion habit, which is now the dominant garden mum habit worldwide. Anderson also points out that 'Minngopher' stands as the first patented cultivar to exemplify the cushion habit.

As an outdoor garden plant, ‘Minngopher’ chrysanthemum reaches a height of about 11 to 15 inches (27.94 to 38.1 centimeters). As a greenhouse potted plant, ‘Minngopher’ rises about 4.5 to 7 inches (11.43 to 17.78 centimeters) above the rim.

Foliage appears abundantly as seven to nine leaves for every 4 inches (10.16 centimeters) of stem. Leaf length is about 4.25 to 7 inches (10.79 to 17.78 centimeters).

Lanceolate, or lance-shaped, leaves have deeply serrated lobes. Leaf texture is covered with fine whitish or grayish down, described as canescent (Latin: canescere, “to become gray or white”). Leaves have pinnate venation, with a main vein, branched by smaller veins. The application describes the upper and lower surfaces of leaves as yellow green.

The natural flowering season for ‘Minngopher’ runs from late September to early October. The newly cultivated variety’s response to photoperiod control allows for year-round blooming capability. The inventor’s recommended flowering spans March 1 to Nov. 1.

‘Minngopher’ bears flowers as a head of many linear ray florets, arranged decoratively in a generally open spray formation. Floret texture is medium firm. Florets have a slight shining appearance, with very little fading.

Floral descriptions are given for indoor potted plants in March and April and for outdoor garden plants in October and November. Outer florets of indoor plants have upper surfaces that are dark purple red (Royal Horticultural Society color 46A) in March and red (RHS 45A, 45B) in April. Reverse sides are brown red (RHS 181A) in March and brown red (RHS 180A) in April.

Outer florets of outdoor plants are dark purple red (RHS 46A) in October and November. Reverse sides are red (RHS 42B) in October and brown red (RHS 180A) in November.

Inner florets of indoor plants are brown purple (RHS 187A) in March and dark purple red (RHS 46A) in April. Reverse sides are brown purple (RHS 187A) in March and brown red (RHS 179A, 179B) in April.

Inner florets of outdoor plants are dark purple red (RHS 46A) in October and dark purple red (RHS 187B) in November. Reverse sides are dark purple red (RHS 46A) in October and dark purple red (RHS 187C) in November.

From a distance of 6 feet, the general color tonality of blooms is red (RHS 46B) in March. In April, the general color tonality is red (RHS 45B, 45C).

‘Minngopher’ chrysanthemum performs well in garden spaces seasonally and year-round. The inventor notes the “excellent performance” of ‘Minngopher’ as a 4- to 5-inch (10.16- to 12.7-centimeter) potted plant in spring, summer and autumn settings and also as seasonal garden chrysanthemum. 'Minngopher' also brings outdoor natural beauty indoors in perfect cut flower arrangements.

Year-round or seasonal, ‘Minngopher’ vivifies environments with rich, dark red flowers.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

‘Minngopher’ chrysanthemum, developed by Richard E. Widmer at University of Minnesota, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station: University of Minnesota, David L. Hansen, CC BY 4.0 International, via Minnesota Hardy/University of Minnesota @ https://plus.google.com/photos/112473780924896698706/album/6186645353901835761/6186645404516514770?authkey=CMjDi9H2l8ricw

Anderson, Neil O.; Vincent Fritz; Charlie Rohwer; Steven Poppe; Barbara E. Liedl; Shengrui Yao; Patricia Johnson; Judith Reith-Rozelle; Lee Klossner; Neal Eash. “Chrysanthemum x hybridum MammothTM ‘Dark Pink Daisy’ Garden Chrysanthemum.” HortScience, vol. 49, no. 12 (2014): 1595-1599.
Available @ http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/49/12/1595.extract

“Chrysanthemum.” New World Encyclopedia.
Available @ http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Chrysanthemum

“Chrysanthemum Plant Named Minngopher.” United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). Oct. 31, 1978.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP004327

Saturday, October 8, 2016

‘Maroon Pride’ Chrysanthemum Has Seasonal or Year Round Dark Red Flowers

Summary: ‘Maroon Pride' chrysanthemum, cultivated by University of Minnesota breeder Richard Widmer, has seasonal or year-round dark red flowers.

A chrysanthemum plant named ‘Maroon Pride,’ a new variety of common garden chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium; syn. Dendranthema grandiflora) invented by University of Minnesota breeder Richard E. Widmer, has rich dark red flowers and can be flowered year-round via photoperiod and temperature control.

On Nov. 21, 1988, Richard E. Widmer, principal investigator and mum breeder at the University of Minnesota’s Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station (MAES) filed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office for his invention, a new chrysanthemum plant named ‘Maroon Pride.’ The inventor listed the Regents of the University of Minnesota as assignee. Primary examiner James R. Feyrer reviewed the application. On July 10, 1990, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office granted patent Plant 7,269 for a chrysanthemum plant named ‘Maroon Pride.’

A chrysanthemum plant named ‘Maroon Pride’ is the product of a cross of unpatented cultivars Ruby Mound and Autumn Fire in 1981. The cross pertains to the chrysanthemum component of the University of Minnesota's ongoing Herbaceous Perennial Breeding Program. In October 1982, the inventor, a professor in the University of Minnesota’s Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Architecture, discovered and selected a single flowering plant from the progeny of the cross. The inventor selected the seedling, now known as ‘Maroon Pride,’ on the basis of a high-mounded shape with early opening, large, dark red flowers. Propagation by vegetative cuttings, begun in March to April 1983, in St. Paul, Minnesota, demonstrated stable, true retention of favorable characteristics.

Field testing of ‘Maroon Pride’ plants took place in 1985, 1986 and 1987 at seven locations in Minnesota. Trials conducted from 1985 through 1987 tested ‘Maroon Pride’ as greenhouse grown, spring flowering plants. In March of each year rooted cuttings were potted in 3-inch (7.62-centimeter) containers. Stem tip removal by pinching occurred one week later. Successful forced blooms were achieved by way of long day, or natural, and short day, from 0800 to 1600 hours, photoperiods.

A chrysanthemum plant named ‘Maroon Pride’ spreads to form a moderately sturdy, mounded shape. As an outdoor garden plant, ‘Maroon Pride’ reaches a height of 40 to 50 centimeters (inches). As a pot plant, the newly cultivated perennial rises 21 to 28 centimeters (8.26 to 11.02 inches) above the pot rim.

Foliage emerges as five to seven leaves for every 10 centimeters (3.93 inches) of stem. Ovate, or egg-shaped, leaves have deeply incised lobes. Leaves are pinnately veined, with smaller veins branching off from a main vein.

Leaf length measures 9 centimeters (3.54 inches). Leaf width measures about 5 centimeters (1.96 inches).

The application describes leaf upper and lower surfaces as spinach green.

The natural flowering season for ‘Maroon Pride’ runs from mid-August to mid-October. As proved by trials, ‘Maroon Pride’ also succeeds as a year-round flowering plant via photoperiod and temperature control. Flower longevity on the plant ranges from three weeks to one month. Florets are persistent, hanging on after blooming as dry relics.

‘Maroon Pride’ flowers comprise a head of many ray florets in a spray formation. Florets present little fading and little shine.

Floret colors are given for indoor plants in May and outdoor plants in September. Upper surfaces of inner and outer florets are cardinal red, with jasper red lower surfaces.

A chrysanthemum plant named ‘Maroon Pride’ is a good garden performer, with a tolerance for hot or wet weather. The new cultivar decorates garden spaces, from a distance of six feet, with a general color tonality of cardinal red blooms indoors in May and currant red blooms outdoors in September.

‘Maroon Pride’ demonstrates the vibrancy of chrysanthemums as both seasonal and year-round superb garden performers.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

closeup of ‘Maroon Pride’ chrysanthemum, developed by University of Minnesota, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station: University of Minnesota, David L. Hansen, CC BY 4.0 International, via Minnesota Hardy/University of Minnesota @ https://plus.google.com/photos/112473780924896698706/album/6186647092353868049/6186647218169156850?authkey=CPC6qM7d9diivgE

‘Maroon Pride’ chrysanthemum, developed by University of Minnesota, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station: University of Minnesota, David L. Hansen, CC BY 4.0 International, via Minnesota Hardy/University of Minnesota @ https://plus.google.com/photos/112473780924896698706/album/6186647092353868049/6186647213242514466?authkey=CPC6qM7d9diivgE

For further information:

“Chrysanthemum.” New World Encyclopedia.
Available @ http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Chrysanthemum

“Chrysanthemum Plant Named Maroon Pride.” United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). July 10, 1990.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP007269