Earth and Space News: Queen Margaret prison release Barber sisters 1303

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Friday, November 23, 2018

Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Margaret and the Barber Sisters

Summary: Would Alice and Castanea Barber have burned or hanged for the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid had Queen Margaret not intervened in November 1303?

Edward I expected harsh punishments for those involved in the 1303 Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid, but his second wife, Margaret (Marguerite) of France, displayed compassion in effecting the release of the two Barber sisters, Alice and Castanea, from fearsome Newgate Prison; Edward I and Margaret, as depicted in Cronica Nuova Figurata (1348) by Italian banker, historian and chronicler Giovanni Villani (1280-1348), Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican City (Italian: La Città del Vaticano): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The royal couple appeared to appreciate one another even though the king articulated anger against the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid suspects and the queen allowed herself to act compassionately toward sisters.

King Edward I (June 17, 1239-July 7, 1307) broached Chapter House Crypt suspects June 16, Aug. 14, Oct. 10, Nov. 10/14, 1303, and March 25, 1304. The king concentrated upon confining "malefactors," advisors, assistants, informants, purchasers, recipients and sellers and collecting the "great part of our treasure," calculated at £100,000, "carried elsewhere." He demanded that "all who are guilty of this deed, or have helped and advised in it, or received the said treasure, be arrested without delay."

Edward's second wife, Queen Margaret (1279-Feb. 14, 1318), from Paris, France, effectuated the extraction on bail of the Barber sisters, Alice and Castanea, from Newgate Prison.

Edward's first four royal writs respectively focused upon facilitating "a hasty remedy," feeling "more certain about the truth," fitting charge to crime and finalizing frightening punishments.

Edward's fourth royal writ Nov. 10/14, 1303, gave his appointed justices the order that "Ad negocium illud audiendum et terminandum secundum legem et consuetudinem nostri regni." William Bereford, Roger Brabazon, Roger de Hegham, Ralph de Sandwich and Walter of Gloucester headed "hearing and terminating that business per our kingdom's law and custom." Paul Doherty, in The Great Crown Jewels Robbery of 1303 for Carroll & Graf Publishers, Sept. 26, 2005, identifies Margaret as influenced by, not influencing, Londoners.

Margaret juggled roles as consort in England and Scotland, diplomat to niece and upcoming daughter-in-law, mother to children and stepchildren and queen of mercy to subjects.

Perhaps Margaret knew "pressure from fellow [London] citizens" while "busy with diplomatic matters" concerning Edward II (April 25, 1284-Sept. 21, 1327) marrying Isabella (1295-Aug. 22, 1358).

Sir Francis Palgrave's edited Kalendars and Inventories of the Exchequer listed, "Postea ad Mandatum Dominae Reginae predict Castanea et Alicia, soror ejus dismissive sunt per Mancaptores." He mentioned that "Afterwards [subsequent to Edward's writ Nov. 10/14, 1303], at the Queen's command, the said Castanea and her sister Alice were released on sureties."

Bread Street jurors July 3, 1303, noted that "Castanea Barber and Alice her sister were receivers [shelterers]" for John of Newmarket, William Palmer and Richard Puddlicott. Goldsmiths likewise observed at the Guildhall inquiry July 4, 1303, that the Barber sisters operated as fences for goldsmith John of Newmarket and merchant Richard Puddlicott.

Twenty-four London aldermen July 29, 1303, put the sisters in London's Fleet Prison precinct and Westminster with Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid participants May 3-5, 1303. A horseman, four "ribalds," John and William de Kynebaston, John de Uggele and the sisters queued daylong "eating and drinking before advancing with arms towards Westminster. In the morning they returned, they did this for two nights but, after that, they never returned" to "a certain house within" London's Fleet Prison precinct.

Indictments Jan. 9 and 13-14, 1304, showed "a passing reference" since no "proof positive, hard evidence " suggested the sisters stealing, storing or streaming Edward's treasures. Perhaps Alice and Castanea Barber never turned up burned or hanged for the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid because life took another tack through Margaret's compassion.

Findings by London's 24 aldermen that placed Alice and Castanea Barber in the vicinity of Fleet Prison and of Westminster with Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raiders sent the two sisters to frightful Newgate Prison, from which Queen Margaret of France, Edward I's second wife, mercifully freed them; Fleet Prison was rebuilt after Peasants' Revolt-caused destruction in 1381 and Gordon Riot-caused destruction in 1780 but was finally torn down in 1846; "Last Remains of the Fleet Prison," in Walter Thornbury's Old and New London, vol. II, page 408 (1878): Not in copyright, via Internet Archive

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Boutell, Charles. 1864. Heraldry, Historical and Popular. Third edition, revised and enlarged. London, England: Richard Bentley.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/heraldryhistoric01bout

Doherty, Paul. 2005. The Great Crown Jewels Robbery of 1303. New York NY: Carroll & Graf Publisher.

Harvey, Barbara F., ed. 1965. Documents Illustrating the Rule of Walter de Wenlok, Abbot of Westminster 1283-1307. Vol. II. Camden Fourth Series. London, England: Offices of the Royal Historical Society.

Keay, Anna. 2011. The Crown Jewels. London UK: Thames & Hudson Ltd.

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 April 2018. "Richard Puddlicott and the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/richard-puddlicott-and-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 May 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid in April and May 1303 in England." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 May 2018. "Mysteries of the April-May 1303 Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/mysteries-of-april-may-1303-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 June 2018. "King Edward I's Letter on the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/king-edward-is-letter-on-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 June 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Royal Proclamation June 16, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_8.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Palmer Confession June 17, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 June 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Arrests June 18-19, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_22.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 June 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Indenture June 22, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_29.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 July 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Palmer Confession July 6, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 July 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Goldsmiths Talk July 4, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_13.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 July 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Aldermen Interviews July 29, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_27.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 August 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Westminster Jurors Aug. 6, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 August 2018. "Edward I's Second Letter on the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/edward-is-second-letter-on-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 September 2018. "Westminster Abbey Refectory Raid and London Sheriff Hugh Pourte." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/westminster-abbey-refectory-raid-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 October 2018. "Edward I's Third Letter on the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/edward-is-third-letter-on-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: "Falsely Indicted" Monks?" Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 October 2018. "Appellants Not Involved in the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/appellants-not-involved-in-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 October 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid Commission Oct. 26, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_26.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 November 2018. "Queen of Mercy to Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid Female Suspects." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/queen-of-mercy-to-westminster-abbey.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 November 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Female Suspects Left Behind." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_9.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 November 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Two Freed Female Suspects." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_16.html

Palgrave, Sir Francis, ed. 1836. "Appendix: Records Relating to the Robbery at the Treasury, 31 Edw. I." The Antient Kalendars and Inventories of His Majesty's Exchequer Together with Other Documents Illustrating the History of That Repository. Vol. I: 251-299. London England: Commissioners of the Public Records of The Kingdom.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/stream/antientkalendars01grea_0#page/251/mode/1up

Rothwell, Harry, ed. 1957. The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. Previously Edited as the Chronicle of Walter of Hemingford or Hemingburgh. Camden Series Volume LXXXIX. London, England: Royal Historical Society.

Thornbury, Walter. 1878. "Chapter XXXIII: The Fleet Prison." Old and New London: A Narrative of Its History, Its People, and Its Places. Vol. II: 404-416. London, England; Paris, France; New York NY: Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co.
Available via British History Online (BHO) @ http://www.british-history.ac.uk/old-new-london/vol2/pp404-416
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/stream/oldnewlondonnarr02thor#page/404/mode/1up

Villani, Giovani. 1348. "Come il conte d'Artese isconfisse i Fiamminghi a Fornes, e come il re d'Inghilterra passò in Fiandra." Nuova Cronica, Tomo Secondo, Libro Nono, Capitolo XX: 237-238. Parma, Italy: Ugo Guanda Editore, 1991.
Available @ https://www.liberliber.it/mediateca/libri/v/villani/nuova_cronica/pdf/nuova__p.pdf

Villani, Giovanni. 1348. "Come il conte d'Artese isconfisse i Fiamminghi a Fornes, e come il re d'Inghilterra passò in Fiandra." Giovanni Villani Cronica Nova Figurata, folio 159R, page 142. BAV (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana) Chigiano L VIII 296. Available via Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana @ https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Chig.L.VIII.296

Friday, November 16, 2018

Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Two Freed Female Suspects

Summary: What happened to the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid female suspects incarcerated summer 1303 in Newgate and the Tower of London Prisons?

Newgate Prison was the fearsome abode of sisters Alice and Castanea Barber, Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid (1303) suspects, until Edward I's second wife, Queen Margaret of France, mercifully arranged for their release; depiction of front of Newgate Prison in Thomas Bayly's Herba Parietis (1650), frontispiece: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Descriptions by goldsmiths and indictments by aldermen and jurors acknowledge women as assistants to the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid April 30-May 3, 1303, and raid aftermaths June 6, 1303-Nov. 28, 1304.

The Westminster Abbey refectory burglary November 1302 became the business of monks even though the Abbey Chapter House Crypt raid six months later became the king's. King Edward I's (June 17, 1239-July 7, 1307) writs June 6, Aug. 14, Oct. 10, and Nov. 10/14, 1303, and March 25, 1304, never contemplated gender. Edward demanded that "all who are guilty of this deed, or have helped and advised in it, or received the said treasure, be arrested without delay."

Edward expected that all advisers, assistants, recipients and thieves "be kept safe and secure in our prison until we have reached a decision on the matter."

And yet Edward's second wife, Queen Margaret (1279-Feb. 14, 1318), from Paris, France, freed two Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid female suspects from Newgate Prison cells.

The first commission per Edward's writ June 6, 1303, garnered arrests June 16-23, 1303, and gathered sisters Alice and Castanea Barber into Newgate by month end. Newgate likewise held Joanna (or Joanne), daughter of Richard Picard the tailor and mistress of merchant Richard de Puddlicott (hanged Nov. 28, 1304, as raid "malefactor"). Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid inmates in the Tower included Cecily, wife of Benedictine clerk Richard of Kent, and Edelina, daughter of Nicholas (Henry) the Cook.

Margaret juggled the sisters' release despite Edward's fourth writ, Nov. 10/14, 1303, judging priority "Ad negocium illud audiendum et terminandum secundum legem et consuetudinem nostri regni."

London, Middlesex, Suffolk, Surrey and Westminster residents knew of Edward keeping as priority appointed justices "hearing and terminating that business per our kingdom's law and custom."

Margaret nevertheless loosed two Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid suspects on bail ("Ad Mandatum Dominae Reginae predict Castanea et Alicia, soror ejus dismissive sunt per Mancaptores"). She made no move, or maneuvered unsuccessfully, for Joanna/Joanne, whom justices for final inquiries Jan. 9 and 13-14, 1304, in the Tower of London never mentioned. Paul Doherty never notifies readers of The Great Crown Jewels Robbery of 1303 for Carroll & Graf Publishers, Sept. 26, 2005, of reasons netting Cecily's imprisonment.

Doherty observes occurrences in the Tower of London Prison as for "principal organizers and malefactors" ("Principales ordinatores et malefactores") of the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid.

Justices John Bakewell, Ralph de Sandwich, Roger de Southcote and Walter of Gloucester put Edelina in the Tower Prison by Edward's second writ, Aug. 14, 1303.

Edelina queued up suspicious associations as mistress of married William Palmer (hanged March 25, 1304, as raid "malefactor"), Fleet Prison Keeper and Westminster Palace deputy Keeper. She received three indictments Jan. 9 and 13-14, 1304: she "advised and helped the burglars. She sheltered William of the Palace and knew of his wickedness." Her relative, John the Cook of Lechesman, staged in 1296 an unsuccessful Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid that sent him to Newgate Prison for high treason.

History turns silent on what transpired for Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid imprisoned female suspects, even for the two sisters that Margaret took out of prison.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Edward I's second wife, Margaret of France, mercifully arranged for releases of sisters Alice and Castanea Barber from London's Newgate Prison; (left to right) obverse (front) and reverse (back) of Margaret's seal as Queen of England, drawn by British illustrator R.B. (Robert Brooke) Utting (Feb. 13, 1817-July 14, 1886), in Charles Boutell's English Heraldry (1867), pages 124 (No. 251: reverse) and 163 (No. 316: obverse): Not in copyright, via Internet Archive:
obverse (front) of Queen Margaret's seal via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/stream/englishheraldry00boutrich#page/n188/mode/1up;
reverse (back) of Queen Margaret's seal via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/stream/englishheraldry00boutrich#page/n149/mode/1up

For further information:

Bayly, Thomas. 1650. Herba Parietis, or the Wall Flower as It Grew out of the Stone-Chamber Belonging to the Metropolitan Prison of London, Called Newgate. London, England: J.G.
Available via University of Michigan EEBO-TCP (Early English Books Online-Text Creation Partnership) @ https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A27117.0001.001?view=toc

Boutell, Charles. 1867. English Heraldry. London, England; New York NY: Cassell, Petter, and Galpin.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/englishheraldry00boutrich

Doherty, Paul. 2005. The Great Crown Jewels Robbery of 1303. New York NY: Carroll & Graf Publisher.

Howitt, Mary. 1856. Biographical Sketches of the Queens of Great Britain From the Norman Conquest to the Reign of Victoria : or, Royal Book of Beauty. London, England: Henry G. Bohn.
Available via HathiTrust @ https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100880285
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_TwgLAAAAYAAJ

Keay, Anna. 2011. The Crown Jewels. London UK: Thames & Hudson Ltd.

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: "False Indicted" Monks?" Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Friday, November 2, 2018

Queen of Mercy to Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid Female Suspects

Summary: Perhaps finishing last with family and husband helped Queen Margaret empathize while Edward I hammered Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid suspects.

Sometime in November 1303 appears as a likely date for the king's second wife allowing, or anticipating acting upon, release from Newgate Prison of two Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid female suspects.

Paul Doherty, in The Great Crown Jewels Robbery of 1303 for Carroll & Graf Publishers, Sept. 26, 2005, brings up the queen's bidding among fall's events. He considers King Edward I's (June 17, 1239-July 7, 1307) writs Aug. 6, Oct. 10 and Nov. 10/14, 1303, and a transfer order Nov. 14, 1303. He describes releases on bail of goldsmith Roger of Westminster, Westminster's Abbot and the Barber sisters after designating William of Kynebaston's transfer from York to Newgate.

Alice and Castanea Barber and Abbot Walter de Wenlok (died Dec. 25, 1307) and the goldsmiths respectively exited from Newgate and the Tower of London Prisons.

Queen Margaret (1279-Feb. 14, 1318), from Paris, France, favored the Franciscan order and a Franciscan habit for her funeral in Christ Church Greyfriars near Newgate Street.

Margaret glimpsed Newgate Street's Prison whenever she got to London regarding stepson Edward (April 25, 1284-Sept. 21, 1327) imminently marrying her niece Isabella (1295-Aug. 22, 1358). Doherty hints of Margaret "possibly under pressure from fellow [Newgate] citizens," handling the sisters' release on bail concurrently with Fleet Prison precinct house co-resident Kynebaston's transfer. King Edward I, Eleanor of Castile's (1241-Nov. 28, 1290) widower, intended Margaret's older sister Blanche (1278?-March 1, 1305) initially for his son, the subsequent Edward II.

Edward joined as suitor number 3, after John I, Marquis of Namur (1267-Jan. 31, 1330), and Edward's son Edward and before Rudolph III (1282?-July 4, 1307).

Edward rejecting Margaret after Philip IV (July 1, 1268-Nov. 29, 1314) married Blanche May 25, 1300, to the fourth Duke of Austria and Styria kick-started war.

Pope Boniface VIII (1230?-Oct. 11, 1303) led England and France five years later to treaties that let Edward marry Philip's half-sister and Edward's son Philip's daughter. Treaties made £15,000 and Guyenne in coastal southwestern France Edward's and Montreuil in what is Picardy and Ponthieu in northern France Isabella's and Margaret's respective dowries. Margaret named her first-born (June 1, 1300-Aug. 4, 1338) piously after Thomas Becket (Dec. 21, 1118-Dec. 29, 1170) and her last-born non-jealously after Edward's first wife.

Margaret's second-born (Aug. 1, 1301-March 19, 1330) obtained the name of husband Edward's younger brother Edmund (Jan. 16, 1245-June 5, 1296), Earl of Lancaster and Leicester.

Matthew Leonard of St. Paul Center for Biblical Theology, Steubenville, Ohio, presents anciently eternal precedents in Our Lady Mary of a queen merciful to her people.

Being a second wife's daughter, a striking beauty's quietly beautiful sister and a treatied wife qualified Margaret for comprehending Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid female suspects. Margaret so respected children and stepchildren, grandchildren and step-grandchildren, half-nieces and half-grandnieces that apparently male-loving Edward II regaled her with an expensive ruby and gold ring. Perhaps Richard Puddlicott stole and sold it to William Torel, who sold Nicholas de Saint Botulpho and William de Beaupho rings and Richard le Breun rubies.

Doherty and historical records tell nothing about whether Margaret's turning Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid suspects loose turned Alice and Castanea Barber's lives downward or upward.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Edward I's second wife, known as Queen Margaret (Marguerite) of France, mercifully effected release from harsh Newgate Prison for Alice and Castanea Barber, two sisters named as suspects in the 1303 Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid; hand-colored steel engraving of Queen Margaret in Mary Howitt's Biographical Sketches of the Queens of Great Britain (1851), opposite page 109: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MargaridaFrança.jpg;
(1866 edition), Not in copyright, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/biographicalsket00howiuoft/page/n154/mode/1up

statue of Queen Margaret in south wall of east end of The Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, East Midlands, east central England; in Queen Margaret's vicinity, a statue of Queen Margaret's husband, Edward I, shares a niche with his first wife, Eleanor of Castile and Léon, Queen consort of England: David Hitchborne, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Cathedral_Church_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary,_Lincoln_-_geograph.org.uk_-_689858.jpg;
Dave Hitchborne, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, Geograph Britain and Ireland @ https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/689858

For further information:

Doherty, Paul. 2005. The Great Crown Jewels Robbery of 1303. New York NY: Carroll & Graf Publisher.

Keay, Anna. 2011. The Crown Jewels. London UK: Thames & Hudson Ltd.

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: 'Falsely Indicted' Monks?" Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Villani, Giovanni. 1348. "Come il conte d'Artese isconfisse i Fiamminghi a Fornes, e come il re d'Inghilterra passò in Fiandra." Giovanni Villani Cronica Nova Figurata, folio 159R, page 142. BAV (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana) Chigiano L VIII 296.
Available via Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana @ https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Chig.L.VIII.296