Earth and Space News: Newton Crater Terra Sirenum region Mars

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Wednesday, February 22, 2023

Six Named Craterlets Share the Floor of Newton Crater in Southern Mars

Summary: Six named craterlets share the floor of Newton Crater in the north central Phaethontis quadrangle in the Martian southern hemisphere's Terra Sirenum.

six named craterlets in Terra Sirenum's Newton Crater (lower right corner), north central Phaethontis quadrangle: Phaethontis, MC24 (Mars Chart-24), via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Six named craterlets share the floor of Newton Crater in the heavily cratered and gullied Terra Sirenum in the Martian southern hemisphere's Phaethontis quadrangle.

Newton Crater resides in north central Phaethontis ("of Phaethon") quadrangle, one of 30 quadrangles dividing the Martian surface for mapping by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Terra Sirenum ("Land of the Sirens") occupies all of Phaethontis, also designated as MC-24 (Mars Chart 24), and extends northward deep into the quadrangle's northern neighbor, Memnonia quadrangle (MC-16; Mars Chart-16).

Newton Crater is centered at minus 40.50 decimal degrees south latitude, 201.97 decimal degrees east longitude, according to the IAU's Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The southern hemisphere crater's northernmost and southernmost latitudes reach minus 37.97 decimal degrees south and minus 43.03 decimal degrees south, respectively. The western hemisphere crater's easternmost and westernmost longitudes extend to 205.30 degrees east and 198.64 degrees east, respectively. Newton Crater's diameter spans 299.94 kilometers.

Numerous craterlets roughen the floor of Newton Crater. Official names distinguish six of the craterlets on the crater floor.

Arvi resides on the central eastern portion of northern Newton Crater. The craterlet's location qualifies it as the easternmost and the northernmost of Newton's six named craterlets.

Arvi is centered at minus 39.34 decimal degrees south latitude, 202.72 decimal degrees east longitude. It establishes its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 39.28 decimal degrees south and minus 39.40 decimal degrees south, respectively. The craterlet finds its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 202.80 decimal degrees east and 202.64 decimal degrees east. Arvi has a diameter of 7.00 kilometers.

Bari clings to Arvi like a set of interlaced circles. Bari's northeastern rim overlaps Arvi's southwestern rim.

Bari is centered at minus 39.43 decimal degrees south latitude, 202.64 degrees east longitude. It records northernmost and southernmost latitudes of minus 39.35 decimal degrees south and minus 39.50 decimal degrees south, respectively. It registers easternmost and westernmost longitudes of 202.72 decimal degrees east and 202.55 decimal degrees east, respectively. Bari has a diameter of 8.00 kilometers.

Avire occupies west central Newton Crater. It lies to the southwest of Arvi and Bari. Its location qualifies it as the westernmost of Newton Crater's six named craterlets.

Avire is centered at minus 40.82 decimal degrees south latitude, 200.24 decimal degrees east longitude. It marks its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 40.76 decimal degrees south and minus 40.88 decimal degrees south, respectively. It obtains its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 200.32 decimal degrees east and 200.17 decimal degrees east, respectively. Avire has a diameter of 6.85 kilometers.

Poso occurs as Avire's closest named craterous neighbor. It lies to the southeast of Avire.

Poso is centered at minus 42.15 decimal degrees south latitude, 201.46 decimal degrees east longitude. It sets its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 41.07 decimal degrees south and minus 41.23 decimal degrees south, respectively. It places its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 201.57 decimal degrees east and 201.34 decimal degrees east, respectively. Poso's diameter measures 10.0 kilometers.

image of pareidolic bear face crater in Martian southern hemisphere, captured Monday, Dec. 12, 2022, by NASA's HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) camera aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft; ID ESP_076769_1380: courtesy NASA/JPL/University of Arizona, Public Domain, via UA (University of Arizona) HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment)

Palikir resides to the southeast of Poso. Approximately five degrees to the east of Palikir, an illusory bear face crater lies in the landscape to the southeast of Newton Crater. An image obtained Monday, Dec. 12, 2022, at 14:29 local Mars time by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft's HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) camera captured the unnamed crater's ursine-reminiscent features.

Palikir is centered at minus 41.57 decimal degrees south latitude, 202.14 decimal degrees east longitude. Its northernmost and southernmost latitudes are obtained at minus 41.44 decimal degrees south and minus 41.70 decimal degrees south, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes are established at 202.32 decimal degrees east and 201.97 decimal degrees east, respectively. Palikir's diameter measures 15.57 kilometers.

Dechu lies to the south of Palikir. Its location qualifies it as the southernmost of Newton Crater's six named craterlets.

Dechu is centered at minus 42.25 decimal degrees south latitude, 202.01 decimal degrees east longitude. It registers northernmost and southernmost latitudes of minus 42.06 decimal degrees south and minus 42.43 decimal degrees south, respectively. It records easternmost and westernmost longitudes of 202.25 decimal degrees east and 201.76 decimal degrees east, respectively. Dechu's diameter spans 22.00 kilometers.

Arvi is named for a city and municipality in Wardha district, northeastern Maharashtra state, western peninsular India. On Wednesday, March 23, 2022, the IAU officially adopted the crater's name.

Avire namesakes a town in the South Pacific Ocean's Republic of Vanuatu. Avire is situated on northeastern Gaua in Torba province's southern Banks Islands. The crater's name was approved by the IAU on Wednesday, April 16, 2008.

Bari honors a city and municipality in Dholpur district, eastern Rajasthan state, northwestern India. Official approval of the crater's name took place Wednesday, March 23, 2022.

Dechu is named after a village in Jodhpur district, central Rajasthan state, northwestern India. On Friday, Feb. 16, 2018, the IAU adopted Dechu as the crater's official name.

Palikir namesakes the capital city of the Western Pacific Ocean's Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). Palikir is located on northwestern Pohnpei Island, an island in FSM's Senyavin Islands. The crater's name received official approval on Thursday, Sep. 29, 2011.

Poso is named after the administrative capital of Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, central Indonesia. The IAU approved the crater's name on Wednesday, March 23, 2022.

closeup of Newton Crater's six named internal craterlets, with unnamed bear face crater (green-colored crater in green patch; center-lower right) to the east of Palikir: Phaethontis, MC24 (Mars Chart-24), via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

image of pareidolic bear face crater in Martian southern hemisphere, captured Monday, Dec. 12, 2022, 14:29 local Mars time by NASA's HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) camera aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft; ID ESP_076769_1380: courtesy NASA/JPL/University of Arizona, Public Domain, via UA (University of Arizona) HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) @ https://www.uahirise.org/ESP_076769_1380

Contopoulos, G. (George); and A. (Arnost) Jappel, eds. XVth General Assembly Transactions of the IAU Vol. XV B Proceedings of the 15th General Assembly and Extraordinary General Assembly, Sydney, Australia, August 24-30, 1973. Washington DC: Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Jan. 1, 1974.
Available via IAU @ https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/transactions_b/
Available via The Moon Wiki @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/IAU_Transactions_XVB

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International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. "Arvi." USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Target: Mars > Search by Feature Types > Crater, Craters. Last updated Mar 24, 2022, 7:46 PM.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/16042

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. "Avire." USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Target: Mars > Search by Feature Types > Crater, Craters. Last updated Nov. 17, 2010, 9:59 AM.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14402

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. "Bari." USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Target: Mars > Search by Feature Types > Crater, Craters. Last updated Mar 24, 2022, 7:37 PM.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/16041

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. "Dechu." USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Target: Mars > Search by Feature Types > Crater, Craters. Last updated Feb 19, 2018, 2:42 PM.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/15715

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. "Kamnik." USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Target: Mars > Search by Feature Types > Crater, Craters. Last updated Nov 17, 2010, 9:59 AM.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14621

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. "Mars Regional Names." USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Target: Mars > Search by Feature Types > Terra, Terrae > PDF Maps of Mars.
Available @ https://asc-planetarynames-data.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/mola_regional.pdf

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. "Memnonia." USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Target: Mars > Search by Feature Types > Albedo Features. Last updated Oct 01, 2006, 3:30 PM.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3826

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. "Newton." USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Target: Mars > Search by Feature Types > Terra, Terrae. Last updated Nov. 17, 2010, 9:58 AM.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/4236

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. "Niquero." USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Target: Mars > Search by Feature Types > Terra, Terrae. Last updated Nov. 17, 2010, 9:59 AM.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14403

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. "Palikir." USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Target: Mars > Search by Feature Types > Crater, Craters. Last updated Feb 17, 2012, 11:42 AM.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14872

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. "Phaethontis." USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Target: Mars > Search by Feature Types > Albedo Features. Last updated Oct 01, 2006, 3:30 PM.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/4683

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. "Phaethontis MC-24." USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Target: Mars > Mars Images With Names > Mars 1:5 million-scale THEMIS Images.
Available @ https://asc-planetarynames-data.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/mc24_2014.pdf

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. "Poso." USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Target: Mars > Search by Feature Types > Crater, Craters. Last updated Mar 24, 2022, 7:57 PM.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/16043

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. "Ptolemaeus." USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Target: Mars > Search by Feature Types > Crater, Craters. Last updated Nov 17, 2010, 9:58 AM.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/4861

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. "Terra Sirenum." USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Target: Mars > Search by Feature Types > Terra, Terrae. Last updated Oct. 1, 2006, 3:30 PM.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5932

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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/DescriptorTerms

Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "PIA00184: MC-24 Phaethontis Region." NASA JPL Photojournal. Image addition date 1998-06-05.
Available @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/pia00184

Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "PIA10291: Newton Crater." NASA JPL Photojournal. Image addition date 2008-03-05.
Available @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA10291

Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "PIA10323: Newton Crater." NASA JPL Photojournal. Image addition date 2008-04-18.
Available @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA10323

Lakdawalla, Emily. "Russia's Mars 3 lander maybe found by Russian amateurs."
Available @ https://www.planetary.org/articles/0412-how-we-searched-for-mars-3

Marriner, Derdriu. "Bear Face Crater Lies in Terra Sirenum in Martian Southern Hemisphere." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Feb. 8, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/bear-face-crater-lies-in-terra-sirenum.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Curiosity Follows the Water on Mars to Ancient Lake in Gale Crater." Earth and Space News. Thursday, Oct. 29, 2015.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/10/curiosity-follows-water-on-mars-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Curiosity Nears Martian Bagnold Dunes in First Active Sand Dune Visit." Earth and Space News. Thursday, Nov. 19, 2015.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/11/curiosity-nears-martian-bagnold-dunes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Enlarged Bear Face Crater's Nose Reveals Pareidolic Martian Ghoul." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Feb. 1, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/enlarged-bear-face-craters-nose-reveals.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "NASA Workshop Wish List of First Human Outpost Martian Landing Sites." Earth and Space News. Thursday, Nov. 19, 2015.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/11/nasa-workshop-wish-list-of-first-human.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "The Red Planet’s Ada Crater Lies in Meridiani Planum." Earth and Space News. Monday, Aug. 14, 2013.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/the-red-planets-ada-crater-lies-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "The Red Planet’s Gill Crater Lies in Ancient Arabia Terra." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, June 19, 2013.
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McEwen, Alfred. "A Bear on Mars?" UA (University of Arizona) HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) > Updates > HiPOD: Week of 23 January 2023.
Available via UA HiRISE @ https://www.uahirise.org/ESP_076769_1380

McEwen, Alfred. "Bright Patches in Terra Sirenum." UA (University of Arizona) HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) > Anaglyphs.
Available via US HiRISE @ https://www.uahirise.org/ESP_076347_1380

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Wednesday, February 15, 2023

Newton Crater Neighbors Illusory Bear Face Crater in Southern Mars

Summary: Newton Crater neighbors an illusory bear face crater in the Martian southern hemisphere's heavily cratered and gullied Terra Sirenum region.

Newton Crater's neighborhood (center-center right), with unnamed bear face crater (green in green patch southeast of Newton [lower-center right]), in Terra Sirenum ("Land of the Sirens") in the north central and northwestern Phaethontis quadrangle: Phaethontis, MC24 (Mars Chart-24), via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Newton Crater neighbors an illusory bear face crater in the heavily cratered and gullied Terra Sirenum region of southern Mars.

Terra Sirenum ("Land of the Sirens") occupies two of the 30 quadrangles that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) established for mapping the Martian surface. The Phaethontis quadrangle, also designated as MC-24 (Mars Chart 24), claims most of Terra Sirenum. The region's northern extents reach deeply into the Memnonia quadrangle (MC-16; Mars Chart-16).

Newton Crater resides in the north central Phaethontis quadrangle. The impact crater is centered at minus 40.50 decimal degrees south latitude, 201.97 decimal degrees east longitude, according to the IAU's Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The southern hemisphere crater's northernmost and southernmost latitudes extend to minus 37.97 decimal degrees south and minus 43.03 decimal degrees south, respectively. The western hemisphere crater's easternmost and westernmost longitudes stretch to 205.30 degrees east and 198.64 degrees east, respectively. Newton Crater's diameter spans 299.94 kilometers.

Newton's neighbors include an unnamed crater that photographs as a bear face. Newton locates northwest of an illusory bear face crater imaged Monday, Dec. 12, 2022, at 14:29 local Mars time by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft's HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) camera. The interplay of light and shadow with the shapes and textures of the crater's formations transforms the crater's image into a pareidolic bear face. An experiencer of visual pareidolia (Ancient Greek: παρα, para, “concurrent, alongside” + εἴδωλον, eídōlon, “image”) interprets unrelated objects or shapes as familiar faces or objects. For instance, the transformation of six lunar maria (Latin: mare, "sea"; maria, "seas") into the Man in the Moon by Earth's northern hemisphere moongazers epitomizes visual pareidolic processing.

image of pareidolic bear face crater in Martian southern hemisphere, captured Monday, Dec. 12, 2022, at 14:29 local Mars time by NASA's HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) camera aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft; ID ESP_076769_1380: courtesy NASA/JPL/University of Arizona, Public Domain, via UA (University of Arizona) HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment)

Ptolemaeus Crater homes as Newton Crater's nearest named craterous southern neighbor. Ptolemaeus fames as the landing site of the Soviet Mars program's Mars 3 robotic space probe. On Thursday, Dec. 2, 1971, the spacecraft's lander achieved the first soft landing on the moon. The lander's predicted landing at 45 degrees south latitude, 202 degrees east longitude placed its final site northwest of then-unnamed craterlet Reutov on Ptolemaeus Crater's northern floor.

Ptolemaeus Crater is centered at minus 45.88 decimal degrees south latitude, 202.40 decimal degrees east longitude. The southern hemisphere crater finds its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 44.48 decimal degrees south and minus 47.27 decimal degrees south, respectively. The western hemisphere crater obtains its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 204.40 decimal degrees east and 200.40 decimal degrees east, respectively. Ptolemaeus Crater's diameter measures 165.18 kilometers.

Kamnik Crater locates as Newton Crater's nearest named craterous northern neighbor. The small crater lies to the north-northwest of Newton.

Kamnik Crater is centered at minus 37.21 decimal degrees south latitude, 198.21 decimal degrees east longitude. The southern hemisphere crater establishes its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 37.12 decimal degrees south and minus 37.29 decimal degrees south, respectively. The western hemisphere crater sets its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 198.32 decimal degrees east and 198.10 decimal degrees east, respectively. Kamnik Crater has a diameter of 10.37 kilometers.

Niquero Crater qualifies as Newton Crater's nearest named craterous northwestern neighbor. The small crater lies northwest of Newton and southwest of Kamnik.

Niquero Crater is centered at minus 38.79 decimal degrees south latitude, 194.03 decimal degrees east longitude. The southern hemisphere crater registers its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 38.70 decimal degrees south and minus 38.88 decimal degrees south, respectively. The western hemisphere crater records easternmost and westernmost longitudes of 194.15 decimal degrees east and 193.91 decimal degrees east, respectively. Niquero Crater has a diameter of 10.70 kilometers.

Newton Crater honors British Enlightenment polymath Sir Isaac Newton (Jan. 4, 1643 [O.S. Dec. 25, 1642]-March 31, 1727 [O.S. March 20, 1726]). The International Astronomical Union (IAU) approved the crater's name in 1973, during the organization's XVth (15th) General Assembly, held in Sydney, Australia, from Tuesday, Aug. 21, to Thursday, Aug. 30.

Ptolemaeus Crater eponymizes second century Alexandrian Greek polymath Claudius Ptolemy (Ancient Greek: Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος Claúdios Ptolemaîos; Latin: Claudius Ptolemaeus; ca. 100-ca. 170 CE). Official adoption of the crater's name also occurred during the IAU's XVth (15th) General Assembly in 1973.

Kamnik Crater's name associates with an alpine town in northern Slovenia. On Wednesday, November 25, 2009, the IAU officially approved the crater's name.

Niquero Crater namesakes the small coastal town and municipality in southwest Cuba where 82 members, including Argentine physician and revolutionary Ernesto "Che" Guevara (June 14, 1928-Oct. 9, 1967), of the 26th of July Movement (Spanish: Movimiento 26 de Julio; M-26-7) landed Granma, their 19.2-meter (62.99-foot) yacht, on Sunday, Dec. 2, 1956. On Wednesday, April 16, 2008, the IAU approved the crater's name.

Newton Crater (solitary dark roundness; upper left-center) in Phaethontis quadrangle; image obtained by Visual Imaging Subsystem (VIS) Camera A on Viking Orbiter 1; Viking 1 mission parameters of Mars landing Tuesday, July 20, 1976, and last contact Thursday, Nov. 11, 1982; NASA JPL Photojournal PIA00184, image addition date 1998-06-05: image credit NASA/JPL/USGS, May be used for any purpose without prior permission, via NASA JPL Photojournal

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "PIA00184: MC-24 Phaethontis Region." NASA JPL Photojournal. Image addition date 1998-06-05.
Available @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/pia00184

Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "PIA10291: Newton Crater." NASA JPL Photojournal. Image addition date 2008-03-05.
Available @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA10291

Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "PIA10323: Newton Crater." NASA JPL Photojournal. Image addition date 2008-04-18.
Available @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA10323

Lakdawalla, Emily. "Russia's Mars 3 lander maybe found by Russian amateurs."
Available @ https://www.planetary.org/articles/0412-how-we-searched-for-mars-3

Marriner, Derdriu. "Bear Face Crater Lies in Terra Sirenum in Martian Southern Hemisphere." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Feb. 8, 2023.
Available @