Earth and Space News: Gretel Urban costume designer Turandot U.S. premiere

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Monday, August 6, 2018

Maria Jeritza Sang Title Role in U.S. Turandot Premiere at Met Opera

Summary: Czech soprano Maria Jeritza sang the title role in the U.S. Turandot premiere at Met Opera in 1926 and held the role for four consecutive seasons.

Austrian American designer Gretel Urban and Italian artist Umberto Brunelleschi costumed Czech soprano Maria Jeritza for the title role in the U.S. premiere of Puccini’s Turandot during Met Opera’s 1926-1927 season: Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Twitter Nov. 12, 2015

Czech soprano Maria Jeritza (Oct. 6, 1887-July 10, 1982) sang the title role in the U.S. Turandot premiere at the Metropolitan Opera in 1926 and held the role in Giacomo Puccini’s last opera for four consecutive seasons.

Turandot opened Nov. 16, 1926, as a U.S. premiere at the Metropolitan Opera. Italian conductor Tullio Serafin (Sept. 1, 1878-Feb. 2, 1968) conducted. Italian tenor Giacomo Lauri-Volpi (Dec. 11, 1892-March 17, 1979) appeared as riddle-solving Prince Calaf. American soprano Martha Attwood (October 1886-April 7, 1950) and Czech bass Pavel Ludikar (March 3, 1882-Feb. 19, 1970) made their Met Opera debuts in the roles of self-sacrificing servant Liu and Prince Calaf’s blind, deposed father, Timur, respectively.

Viennese stage director Wilhelm von Wymetal Sr. (1862-Nov. 11, 1937) directed the premiere production. His design team comprised Austrian American set designer Joseph Urban (May 26, 1872-July 10, 1933), Joseph’s costume designer daughter Gretel (Jan. 7, 1898-Dec. 6, 1997) and Italian costume designer Umberto Brunelleschi (June 21, 1879-Feb. 16, 1949).

Including Turandot, Joseph Urban designed eight productions that premiered with Maria Jeritza in principal roles. In addition to Turandot, two operas also opened as U.S. premieres at the Metropolitan Opera. Violanta by Austrian American composer and conductor Erich Korngold (May 29, 1897-Nov. 29, 1957) premiered Nov. 5, 1927, with Maria Jeritza in the title role. Die Ägyptische Helena by German late Romantic and early modern composer Richard Strauss (June 11, 1864-Sept. 8, 1949) premiered Nov. 6, 1928, with Maria Jeritza in the title role.

Two of the eight Urban-designed productions opened as Metropolitan Opera premieres with Maria Jeritza in the title roles. Boccaccio by Austrian Romantic Era composer Franz von Suppé (April 18, 1819-May 21, 1895) premiered Jan. 2, 1931. Von Suppé’s Donna Juanita premiered Jan. 2, 1932.

Three of the eight Urban-designed productions opened as new productions of operas already in the Metropolitan Opera’s repertoire. Thaïs by French Romantic Era composer Jules Massenet (May 12, 1842-Aug. 13, 1912) opened Dec. 14, 1922, with Maria Jeritza in the title role, and with Gretel’s costumes. Tannhäuser by German composer Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813-Feb. 13, 1883) opened Feb. 1, 1923, with Maria Jeritza in the principal role of Elisabeth. (Metropolitan Opera Archives Database lists Mathilde Castel-Bert as costume designer but notes: “Company records suggest that Joseph Urban may have designed some costumes for this production.”) Fedora by Italian composer Umberto Giordano (Aug. 28, 1867-Nov. 12, 1948) opened Dec. 8, 1923, with Maria Jeritza in the title role.

Maria performed principal roles in revivals of new productions designed by Joseph Urban. Wilhelm von Wymetal’s new production of Carmen by French Romantic Era composer Georges Bizet (Oct. 25, 1939-June 3, 1875) debuted Nov. 22, 1923, with Joseph’s set designs and Gretel’s ballet costume designs, and with English dramatic soprano Florence Easton (Oct. 25, 1882-Aug. 13, 1955) in the title role. The 1927-1928 season’s revival featured Maria Jeritza in the title role. Viennese American stage manager Samuel Thewman’s (Feb. 27, 1872-March 22, 1940) new production of Wagner’s Lohengrin debuted Feb. 2, 1921, with Joseph’s designs and with Florence Easton in the principal role of Elsa. The next season’s revival opened Nov. 16, 1921, with Florence Easton as Elsa. The role switched to Maria Jeritza as of the next performance, Dec. 27, 1921.

Maria Jeritza enjoyed a 10-year career at the Metropolitan Opera. She debuted Nov. 19, 1921, at the Metropolitan Opera as Marie/Marietta in Korngold’s Die Tote Stadt (“The Dead City”). Her last Metropolitan Opera role was as Elisabeth in the 1931-1932 season’s production of Richard Wagner’s Tannhäuser. Her final performance as Elizabeth occurred Feb. 12, 1932.

Maria Jeritza returned to the opera house 19 years later to give a special last performance Feb. 22, 1951, in a Benefit for the Metropolitan Opera Fund. She appeared as Rosalinde in an English language version of Die Fledermaus by Austrian light music composer Johann Strauss II (Oct. 25, 1925-June 3, 1899).

The takeaway for Maria Jeritza’s title role in the U.S. Turandot premiere at the Metropolitan Opera is that Puccini’s last opera reunited the Czech soprano with Met Opera’s father-daughter design team of Joseph Urban and Gretel Urban.

Gretel Urban and Umberto Brunelleschi designed costumes for Maria Jeritza as Princess Turandot and Giacomo Lauri-Volpi as Prince Calaf in U.S. Turandot premiere in 1926 at Met Opera: Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Twitter Nov. 16, 2017

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Costumes for Maria Jeritza as Princess Turandot and Giacomo Lauri-Volpi as Prince Calaf in U.S. Turandot premiere in 1926 at Met Opera were designed by Gretel Urban and Umberto Brunelleschi: Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Twitter Nov. 16, 2017, @ https://twitter.com/MetOpera/status/931194730570027008

For further information:

“Debuts: Maria Jeritza, George Meader.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 79050 United States Premier Die Tote Stadt {1} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/19/1921.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=79050

Italian Genealogical Group and German Genealogy Group. "Samuel Thewman in the New York, New York, U.S., Extracted Death Index, 1862-1948." Ancestry.com > New York, New York, U.S., Extracted Death Index, 1862-1948 [database online]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014.
Available via Ancestry @ https://search.ancestrylibrary.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=9131&h=4020416

“Maria Jeritza [Last performance].” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 156130 Die Fledermaus {22} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/22/1951.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=156130

Marriner, Derdriu. “Gretel Urban Designed Costumes for U.S. Turandot Premiere at Met Opera.” Earth and Space News. Monday, July 30, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/gretel-urban-designed-costumes-for-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Joseph Urban Designed Sets for 14 U.S. Premieres at Met Opera.” Earth and Space News. Monday, July 23, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/joseph-urban-designed-sets-for-14-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Joseph Urban Designed Sets for Two World Premieres at Met Opera.” Earth and Space News. Monday, July 16, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/joseph-urban-designed-sets-for-two.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Mar-a-Lago Architect Joseph Urban Also Designed Sets at Met Opera.” Earth and Space News. Monday, July 9, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/mar-lago-architect-joseph-urban-also.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Turandot Is March 24, 2018, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast." Earth and Space News. Monday, March 19, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/turandot-is-march-24-2018-met-opera.html

Metropolitan Opera ‏@MetOpera. “#TBT Maria Jeritza as the proud princess in the US premiere of Puccini's Turandot @ the Met.” Twitter. Nov. 12, 2015.
Available @ https://twitter.com/MetOpera/status/664869985001594880

Metropolitan Opera ‏@MetOpera. “#TBT Turandot premiered at the Met #OTD in 1926 starring Maria Jeritza in the title role and Giacomo Lauri-Volpi as Calàf. Turandot is on stage tonight.” Twitter. Nov. 16, 2017.
Available @ https://twitter.com/MetOpera/status/931194730570027008

“United States Premiere: Turandot.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 94190 United States Premiere Turandot {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/16/1926.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=94190

U.S. National Archives. "Samuel Thewman." Ancestry.com > New York, U.S., State and Federal Naturalization Records, 1794-1943 [database online]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013.
Available via Ancestry @ https://search.ancestrylibrary.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=2280&h=3980662

Monday, July 30, 2018

Gretel Urban Designed Costumes for U.S. Turandot Premiere at Met Opera

Summary: Gretel Urban designed costumes for the U.S. Turandot premiere at the Metropolitan Opera, which opened during the opera company’s 1926-1927 season.

Gretel Urban’s costume designs for the U.S. Turandot premiere at the Metropolitan Opera: Festival Puccini @festivalpuccini, via Twitter Aug. 17, 2015

Gretel Urban designed costumes for the U.S. Turandot premiere at the Metropolitan Opera, which opened Tuesday, Nov. 16, 1926, and received 12 performances during the 1926-1927 season.

Gretel was part of the production’s design team, which was directed by Viennese stage director Wilhelm von Wymetal Sr. (1862-Nov. 11, 1937). The premiere’s program credits both Gretel and Tuscanese artist Umberto Brunelleschi (June 21, 1879-Feb. 16, 1949) for costume designs. The production’s set designer was Gretel’s father, Austrian-American architect, illustrator and set designer Joseph Urban (May 26, 1872-July 10, 1933).

Joseph Urban debuted at the Metropolitan Opera Nov. 17, 1917, as designer in the opera house’s new production of Faust by French Romantic Era composer Charles-François Gounod (June 17, 1818-Oct. 18, 1893). Three years later, his daughter Gretel debuted as a costume designer Dec. 23, 1920, in the Meteropolitan Opera’s premiere of Don Carlo by Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901).

The father-daughter design team collaborated on 17 Metropolitan Opera productions between 1920 and 1933. Joseph designed sets for 55 productions in his almost 16-year career at the Metropolitan Opera, from 1917 until his death in 1933.

Gretel designed costumes for 18 productions in her almost 13-year career at the Metropolitan Opera. She only worked on one production without her father. Guillaume Tell by Italian composer Gioachino Rossini (Feb. 29, 1792-Nov. 13, 1868) premiered as a new Metropolitan Opera production Jan. 5, 1923.

The new production’s director was Vienna, Austria-born stage manager Samuel Thewman (Feb. 27, 1872-March 22, 1940). The set designer was Pomponesco, northern Italy-born painter and stage designer Vittorio Rota (Nov. 8, 1864-November 1931).

Gretel worked on two production teams during her Met Opera career. In addition to Guillaume Tell, she costumed eight other productions for Samuel Thewman. In addition to Turandot, she designed costumes for eight other productions directed by Wilhelm von Wymetal Sr.

The Metropolitan Opera Archives Database credits Gretel Urban with costume designs for five productions that added to the opera house’s repertory as Metropolitan Opera premieres:
Don Carlo by Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901;
Don Quichotte by Jules Massenet (May 12, 1842-Aug. 13, 1912);
La Vestale by Gaspare Spontini (Nov. 14, 1774-Jan. 24, 1851);
Le Roi d’Ys by Édouard Lalo (Jan. 27, 1823-April 22, 1892);
Pelléas et Mélisande by Achille-Claude Debussy (Aug. 22, 1862-March 25, 1918).

Gretel Urban designed costumes for the Metropolitan Opera’s staging of three U.S. premieres:
Così Fan Tutte by Wolfgang Mozart (Jan. 27, 1756-Dec. 5, 1791);
La Vida Breve by Manuel de Falla (Nov. 23, 1876-Nov. 14, 1946);
Turandot by Puccini.

She designed costumes for 10 new productions of operas already in the Metropolitan Opera’s repertoire:
Carmen by Georges Bizet (Oct. 25, 1838-June 3, 1875);
Ernani by Verdi;
Falstaff by Verdi;
Guillaume Tell by Gioachino Rossini (Fe. 29, 1792-Nov. 13, 1868);
L’Africaine by Giacomo Meyerbeer (Sept. 5, 1791-May 2, 1864);
Lohengrin by Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813-Feb. 13, 1883);
Roméo et Juliette by Gounod;
Thaïs by Massenet.

The last Metropolitan Opera production crediting Gretel Urban as costume designer is the opera house’s new production of Humperdinck’s Hänsel und Gretel. Opening night was Nov. 5, 1927. Wilhelm von Wymetal was production director. Gretel’s father was set designer.

According to the Metropolitan Opera Archives Database, the opera house’s 1948-1949 season staging of Verdi’s Falstaff marked the last revival of a production costumed by Gretel Urban and designed by her father. Gretel shared costume design credits with German designer and painter Adolfo Hohenstein (March 18, 1854-April 12, 1928).

Gretel, also known as Gretl, was Margarete Urban’s nickname. She was born Jan. 7, 1898, in Vienna, Austria. Her father immigrated to the United States to design for the Boston Opera Company's spring 1912 operas. In 1912, Gretl, her mother Maria (“Meizzi”) Lefler Urban and her sister Helene (“Elly”) joined Joseph in Boston.

In 1918 Joseph divorced Meizzi. In January 1919, he married his second wife, dancer and pageantry specialist Mary Porter Beegle (ca. 1880-ca. 1966).

Theater art consultant Wendy Rae Waszut-Barrett notes on her theater blog, Drypigment.net: “Very little is known about her [Gretel Urban] private life and marriage.” The 1920 census lists Gretel as married to John Thurlow and living with her mother Meizzi and her sister, Elly Urban Helliwell, on Boyleston Street Boston, Massachusetts. Music publisher Carl Fisher employed Gretel as company vice president from 1950 until her retirement in 1981. She passed away Dec. 6, 1997, at the Holiday Care Center in Toms River, Ocean County, east central New Jersey.

The takeaway for Gretel Urban’s costume designs for the U.S. Turandot premiere at Met Opera is that the Austrian-American costumer designed for 18 Met Opera productions that encompassed five Met Opera premieres, three U.S. premieres and 10 new productions.

Turandot, Act II scene 2, as Turandot (Maria Jeritza) presents first of three puzzles to The Unknown Prince (Giacomo-Lauri-Volpi); Joseph Urban, setting; Gretel Urban and Umberto Brunelleschi, costumes; photo by Acme News Pictures for Musical America, Dec. 4, 1926: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook Nov. 16, 2017

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Gretel Urban’s costume designs for the U.S. Turandot premiere at the Metropolitan Opera: Festival Puccini @festivalpuccini, via Twitter Aug. 17, 2015, @ https://twitter.com/festivalpuccini/status/633254699253239808

Baltz, Trudy. “Pageantry and Mural Painting: Community Rituals in Allegorical Form.” Winterthur Portfolio, vol. 15, no. 3 (Autumn 1980): 211-228.
Available @ https://smartnightreadingroom.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/pageantry.pdf

Beegle, Mary Porter; and Jack Randall Crawford. Community Drama and Pageantry. New Haven CT: Yale University Press, MDCCCCSVI (1916).
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/communitydramaa01crawgoog

“Debut: Gretel Urban.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 76450 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Don Carlo {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/23/1920.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=76450

“Debut: Samuel Thewman.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 76000 La Juive {29} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/15/1920.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=76000

“Debuts: Anna Meitschik, Vittorio Rota.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 45040 New production La Gioconda {28} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/15/1909.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=45040

“Debuts: Thomas Chalmers, Pierre Monteux, Joseph Urban.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 67050 New production Faust {294} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/17/1917.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=67050

“Debuts: Paul Bender . . . Wilhelm von Wymetal.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 82040 Der Rosenkavalier {28} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/17/1922.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=82040

Festival Puccini ‏@festivalpuccini. “@MetOpera i bozzetti dell'allestimento di #Turandot del 1926, realizzati da Gretel Urban.” Twitter. Aug. 17, 2015.
Available @ https://twitter.com/festivalpuccini/status/633254699253239808

Fitzgerald, Gerald, ed. Annals of the Metropolitan Opera: The Complete Chronicle of Performances and Artists. Boston MA: G.K. Hall & Co.; New York NY: The Metropolitan Opera Guild, Inc., 1989.

Marriner, Derdriu. "Joseph Urban Designed Sets for 14 U.S. Premieres at Met Opera. Earth and Space News." Monday, July 23, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/joseph-urban-designed-sets-for-14-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Joseph Urban Designed Sets for Two World Premieres at Met Opera." Earth and Space News. Monday, July 16, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/joseph-urban-designed-sets-for-two.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Mar-a-Lago Architect Joseph Urban Also Designed Sets at Met Opera." Earth and Space News. Monday, July 9, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/mar-lago-architect-joseph-urban-also.html

McGillan, Jennifer. “Von Wymetal Family (1862-1970) Collection: Biographical Sketch, William (Wilhelm) von Wymetal Senior and Junior.” Carnegie Mellon University Libraries Web Space > Hunt Library > Arts > Music.
Available @ https://libwebspace.library.cmu.edu/arts/music/wymetal

Met Opera Guild ‏@MetOperaGuild. "#OTD in 1926, Puccini's TURANDOT had its U.S. premiere at the @MetOpera! Below are the original costume designs by Gretel Urban. Catch TURANDOT tonight with Oksana Dyka in the title role. #TodayInOpera #TBT.” Twitter. Nov. 16, 2017.
Available @ https://twitter.com/MetOperaGuild/status/931168029093826561

The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. “Added a New Photo.” Facebook. Nov. 16, 2017.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532.229232.20807115532/10159718785220533/

The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. “Turandot premiered at the Met on this day in 1926. Check out costume sketches by Gretel Urban from the premiere production. Tonight, Nov 16, is the last performance of Turandot this fall. Puccini's final opera returns this spring on March 21.” Facebook. Nov. 16, 2017.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/posts/10159727478105533

“Metropolitan Opera Premiere: Don Carlo.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 76450 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Don Carlo {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/23/1920.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=76450

“Metropolitan Opera Premiere: Don Quichotte.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 93070 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Don Quichotte {1} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 04/3/1926.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=93070

“Metropolitan Opera Premiere: La Vestale.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 91120 Metropolitan Opera Premiere La Vestale {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/12/1925.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=91120

“Metropolitan Opera Premiere: Le Roi d’Ys.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 79680 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Le Roi d'Ys {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/5/1922.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=79680

“Metropolitan Opera Premiere: Pelléas et Mélisande.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 89850 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Pelléas et Mélisande {1} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 03/21/1925.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=89850

“New Production: Carmen.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 85200 New production Carmen {284} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/22/1923.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=85200

“New Production: Ernani.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 79300 New production Ernani {5} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/8/1921.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=79300

“New Production: Falstaff.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 88800 New production Falstaff {33} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/2/1925.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=88800

“New Production: Guillaume Tell [William Tell].” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 82700 New production Guillaume Tell [William Tell] {15} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/5/1923.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=82700

“New Production: Hänsel und Gretel.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 97060 United States Premiere (Violanta) New Production (Hänsel und Gretel) Violanta {1} Hänsel und Gretel {93} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/5/1927.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=97060

“New Production: L’Africaine.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 83730 New production L'Africaine {25} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/21/1923.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=83730

“New Production: Les Contes d’Hoffmann.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 88120 New production Les Contes d'Hoffmann {14} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/13/1924.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=88120

“New Production: Lohengrin.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 76980 New production Lohengrin {308} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/2/1921.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=76980

“New Production: Roméo et Juliette.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 82140 New production Roméo et Juliette {111} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/25/1922.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=82140

“New Production: Thaïs.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 82400 New production Thaïs {20} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/14/1922.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=82400

“United States Premiere: Così Fan Tutte.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 80750 United States Premiere Così Fan Tutte {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/24/1922.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=80750

“United States Premiere: La Vida Breve.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 92670 United States Premieres La Vida Breve {1} Le Rossignol {1} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 03/6/1926.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=92670

Waszut-Barrett, Wendy, PhD (waszut_barrett@me.com). “Historical Excerpt -- ‘Women in Scenic Art,’ Gretl Urban.” Drypigment.net > Archives > February 2017. Feb. 8, 2017.
Available @ http://drypigment.net/2017/02/08/historical-excerpt-women-in-scenic-art-gretl-urban/