Uranian Moon Puck Was Discovered Dec. 30, 1985, in Voyager 2 Images

Summary: Uranian moon Puck was discovered in images taken Monday, Dec. 30, 1985, by Voyager 2 during the probe's flyby of the seventh planet from the sun.

image of Puck (S/1985 U1; Uranus XV; UXV) taken Friday, Jan. 24, 1986, 9:31:10, by Voyager 2 spacecraft's narrow-angle vidicon camera at a distance of 492,616.3 kilometers: Public Domain, via NSSDC (NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive)

Uranian moon Puck was discovered in images acquired Monday, Dec. 30, 1985, by Voyager 2 during the interstellar and planetary space probe's flyby of the seventh planet from the sun.

Puck pertains to a group of 11 satllites of Uranus that Voyager 2 imaged during the robotic spacecraft's flyby of cyan-colored, icy planetary side-spinner Uranus from late autumn 1985 through winter 1986. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Voyager Science Imaging Team received more than 7,000 photographs from the Voyager 2 probe's observational Uranian encounter from Monday, Nov. 4, 1985, to Tuesday, Feb. 25, 1986.

The discovery of the new Uranian satellite via images taken Monday, Dec. 30, 1985, by Voyager 2 was presented in International Astronomical Union Circular (IAUC) No. 4159, dated Jan. 9, 1985, by the publication's editor, British lost asteroid and comet tracker Brian G. (Geoffrey) Marsden (Aug. 5, 1937-Nov. 18, 2010). The discovery information was given by American planetary astronomer and Voyager mission lead imaging scientist B.A. (Bradford Adelbert) Smith (Sep. 22, 1931-July 3, 2018) on behalf of the Voyager Science Imaging Team. As the first Uranian satellite discovered in 1985, the yet-unnamed Puck was designated provisionally as S/1985 U1, as stated in the circular from the IAU's Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams (CBAT). Puck was described with an approximate diameter of 75 kilometers and with a distance of 86,000 kilometers from the center of Uranus. A newly-measured albedo of approximately 0.05 for Puck determined estimated diameters for S/1986 U7 (Cordelia) and S/1986 U8 (Ophelia), discovered Monday, Jan. 20, 1986, and for S/1986 U9 (Bianca), discovered Thursday, Jan. 23, 1986, per Brian Marsden's announcement in International Astronomical Union Circular (IAUC) No. 4168, dated Jan. 27, 1985.

The Voyager 2 probe carried a two-camera system comprising a wide-angle camera with a focal length (f) of 1500 millimeters (mm)and a narrow-angle camera with a focal length of 200 millimeters. As with all 11 Uranian satellies imaged by Voyager 2, Puck was found in 15.36-second exposures taken by the space probe's narrow-angle camera, according to W.M. Owen Jr. and S.P. Synnott in "Orbits of the Ten Small Satellites of Uranus" (page 1268), published in the May 1987 issue of The Astronomical Journal.

Images were taken Monday, July 28, 1997, with second (right) obtained 90 minutes after the first, by NASA Hubble Space Telescope's Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS); annotated image (right) identifies eight of the Uranian system's 13 inner satellites as (top, clockwise) Belinda, Puck (upper right), Portia, Bianca, Cressida, Juliet, Desdemona and Rosalind; image credit NASA/JPL/STScI; image Addition Date: 1999-05-21: May be used for any purpose without prior permission, via NASA JPL Photojournal

Puck classifies as an inner satellite. The orbit of Miranda, the innermost and smallest of the system's five major moons, corrals the Uranian system's 13 inner satelites. Puck specifically orbits between the μ (mu) and ν (nu) rings, the Uranian system's 12th and 13th outermost rings. Puck's orbit occurs about "halfway between the ε (epsilon) ring, the 11th outermost ring, and Miranda, as determined by and 39 co-authors in "Voyager 2 in the Uranian System: Imaging Science Results" (page 53), published in the July 4, 1986, issue of Science.

Puck joins Umbriel and similarly photometrically behaved Portia Group members Belinda, Bianca, Cressida, Desdemona, Juliet, Portia and Rosalind register a "nearly neutral response" at the wavelength range of 1.5 to 2.0 μm in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The findings originated in a multiband photometric analysis of images of the inner Uranian system obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope's (HST) Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) and Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS), as reported by French observatory scientist Christophe Dumas, American planetary astronomer and Voyager mission lead imaging scientist Bradford A. Smith (Sep. 22, 1931-July 3, 2018) and American simulation hypothesis supporter and Voyager mission scientist Richard J. (John) Terrile (born March 22, 1951) in "Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS Multiband Photometry of Proteus and Puck" (page 1083), published in the August 2003 issue of The Astronomical Journal. The authors reference Erich Karkoschka's previous identification of the Portia Group in 2001 on the basis of "similar photometric behavior."

Puck's name references the sprite whose magical powers create mischief in A Midsummer's Night Dream, a comic play first published in 1600 by Elizabethan poet William Shakespeare (bapt. April 26, 1564-April 23, 1616). The satellite's name follows the convention of naming the Uranian system's satellites after characters from Shakespearean plays or from "Rape of the Lock," a satirical narrative poem first published anonymously in May 1712 by Enlightenment era poet, satirist and translator Alexander Pope (May 21, 1688-May 30, 1744), according to "Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers" on the International Astronomical Union's U.S. Geological Survey-managed Gazeteer of Planetary Nomenclature website.

The International Astronomical Union also has named 27 Uranian satellites with systemic Roman numerals I to XXVII. Puck is known as Uranus XV, abbreviated as UXV.

Scott Sander Sheppard (born Feb. 19, 1977), an American astronomer with the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, DC, discovered the Uranian system's 28th satellite on Saturday, Nov. 4, 2023. The outer satellite, which has a diameter of 8 kilometers and an orbital period of 680 days, has received the temporary designation of S/2023 U1, according to "New moons of Uranus and Neptune announced," posted as Breaking News Feb. 23, 2024, on the Carnegie Institution of Science website.

Near-infrared (NIR) wide-field image obtained Monday, Sep. 4, 2023, by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) reveals Uranus’s seasonal north polar cap and dim inner and outer rings; annotations identify nine of the Uranian system's 13 inner satellites (top, clockwise: Perdita, Rosalind, Puck, Belinda, Desdemona, Cressida, Bianca, Portia, Juliet) and Titania (upper left center), Oberon (upper right center), Umbriel (center right), Miranda (lower center) and Ariel (lower center right) as the system's five major moons; image credits NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

image of Puck (S/1985 U1; Uranus XV; UXV) taken Friday, Jan. 24, 1986, 9:31:10, by Voyager 2 spacecraft's narrow-angle vidicon camera at a distance of 492,616.3 kilometers: Public Domain, via NSSDC (NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive) @ https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/object_page/vg2_2683716.html; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uranus_moon_Puck.png

Images were taken Monday, July 28, 1997, with second (right) obtained 90 minutes after the first, by NASA Hubble Space Telescope's Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS); annotated image (right) identifies eight of the Uranian system's 13 inner satellites as (top, clockwise) Belinda, Puck (upper right), Portia, Bianca, Cressida, Juliet, Desdemona and Rosalind; image credit NASA/JPL/STScI; image Addition Date: 1999-05-21: May be used for any purpose without prior permission, via NASA JPL Photojournal @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA01278; credits Erich Karkoschka (University of Arizona) and NASA: Public Domain, via NASA Hubblesite @ https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/1997/36/560-Image.html; Permissions Content Use Policy (Public Domain), via NASA Hubblesite @ https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/1997/news-1997-36.html

Near-infrared (NIR) wide-field image obtained Monday, Sep. 4, 2023, by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) reveals Uranus’s seasonal north polar cap and dim inner and outer rings; annotations identify nine of the Uranian system's 13 inner satellites (top, clockwise: Perdita, Rosalind, Puck, Belinda, Desdemona, Cressida, Bianca, Portia, Juliet) and Titania (upper left center), Oberon (upper right center), Umbriel (center right), Miranda (lower center) and Ariel (lower center right) as the system's five major moons; image credits NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Annotated_Moons_of_Uranus.png; via NASA James Webb Space Telescope Mission @ https://www.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-rings-in-holidays-with-ringed-planet-uranus/

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