Native Wood-Borers Alarm Ornamental Landscape and Urban Forest Natives

Summary: Clearwing and flatheaded native wood-borers alarm ornamental landscape and urban forest natives, whose assaults insecticides and Plant Health Care affect.

Daniel A. Herms of The Davey Tree Expert Company, Kent, Ohio, acknowledges bronze birch borers (Agrilus anxius) as the "best studied of the North American flatheaded borers" (page 15) in his article, Undercover: Understanding Native Wood-Borers, for the June 2021 issue of Arborist News: U.S. Forest Service, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Clearwing and flatheaded native wood-borers alarm ornamental landscape and urban forest natives, whose assaults insecticides and Plant Health Care affects, according to Undercover: Understanding Native Wood-Borers, Arborist News article for June 2021.

North America's native wood-borers besiege newly-transplanted, stressed, weak ornamental-landscaped and urban-forested trees; bother vascular tissue almost beyond woody-plant tolerance and repair; and burden weather-resistant structural integrity. Larval stages concealed under bark from insecticide schedules and natural predators and mature stages challenging concerted capture combat controls conducted by ornamental landscapers and urban foresters. Daily diets of cambial and phloem, phloem and sapwood tissue respectively describe wood-boring beetle and moth larvae respectively designated flatheaded, clearwing and banded ash clearwing borers.

Flatheaded and clearwing borers entering carbohydrate-enclosing phloem and water-enclosing xylem encircling trees encourage slow expirations of diffuse-porous birch (Betula) and quick expirations of ring-porous oak (Quercus).

Branch crevices and crotches near clearwing-bored, pupal case-filled, oval to round emergence holes and serpentine galleries under flatheaded-bored D-shaped emergence holes furnish excrement- and sawdust-filled frass.

Pruning dead branches galvanizes good-looking stability and guards against dead wood-gathering river birch borers (Agrilus betulanigrae) perhaps, against live wood-goaded bronze birch borers (A. anxius) never. It hails correctly harm heading top-downward from birch borers, huddled randomly along trunks, hindering canopy-headed water and root-headed carbohydrate hoards and incorrectly their hurting treetops first. It impacts bronze birch borer-immune, river birch-borered river (Betula nigra) and bronze-borered gray (B. populifolia), paper (B. papyrifera), sweet (B. lenta) and yellow (B. allegheniensis) birches.

Bronze birch borers, here or Eurasia-journeying, jeopardize downy (B. pubescens), Himalayan (B. jacquemontii), monarch (B. maximowicziana) and white (B. pendula, B. szechuanica) birches, there or eastward-journeying.

Honeylocust (A. difficilis) and twolined chestnut (A. bilineatus) native wood-borers kill gypsy moth- (Lymantria dispar-) defoliated oaks (Quercus) and honeylocust (Blepharidopterus chlorionis) plantbug-defoliated honeylocusts (Gleditsia triacanthos).

Plant health care-linked, resistant species-specific planting, transplanting and watering limits losses from Rosaceae family fruit-loving flatheaded appletree (Chrysobothris femorata) borers and other flatheaded-borering, opportunistic, secondary pests. Phenology manifesting full-blooming black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) at adult emergence mandates bark sprays, basal trunk sprays, soil drenches, soil injections, tree injections before egg-hatched larval infesters. One insecticide application negotiated at their respective adult emergences nullifies banded ash clearwing (Podosesia aureocincta), dogwood (Synanthedon scitula), lilac/ash (P. syringae) and peachtree (S. rhododendri) borers.

Lesser peachtree (S. pictipes) and peachtree (S. exitiosa) borers with respectively longer May through mid-September and mid-May through October clearwing-borering flight seasons oblige two, two-plus applications.

Clearwing native wood-borers present overwintering larvae and hornet- and wasp-like, spring- and/or summer-emerging moths whose females pose eggs in cracked, creviced, holey, ridged, wounded irregular bark.

Cracked and defective bark, dead tissue and subsequent callus growth, disrupted moisture and nutrients, thinning canopy quicken clearwing-borered trees’ gradual dieback, steady decline and ultimate death. Restraining clearwing borers from ravaging ornamental plants and shade trees requires realizing bark-sprayed bifenthrin, chlorantraniliprole or permethrin at first adult emergence to repress egg-hatched larval rates. Seeing the first-seized male clearwing moths during weekly surveillances of pheromone traps starts successfully preventive schedules of the systemic insecticide emamectin benzoate supplied through trunk injections.

Author Daniel A. Herms of The Davey Tree Expert Company teams Plant Health Care and systemic insecticide treatments to terminate threatening clearwing and flatheaded native wood-borers.

aniel A. Herms of The Davey Expert Company associates dogwood borers (Synanthedon scitula) with life cycles unresolved scientifically thus far and with larval colonies on flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and, additionally and atypically for clearwing borers, "a diverse array of unrelated species" (page 20), including apple (Malus), hickory and pecan (Carya) and oak (Quercus); Wheatley, Ontario, Canada; Tuesday, Aug. 16, 2016, 14:37: Jacy Lucier, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Daniel A. Herms of The Davey Tree Expert Company, Kent, Ohio, acknowledges bronze birch borers (Agrilus anxius) as the "best studied of the North American flatheaded borers" (page 15) in his article, Undercover: Understanding Native Wood-Borers, for the June 2021 issue of Arborist News: U.S. Forest Service, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agrilus_anxius.jpg

Daniel A. Herms of The Davey Expert Company associates dogwood borers (Synanthedon scitula) with life cycles unresolved scientifically thus far and with larval colonies on flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and, additionally and atypically for clearwing borers, "a diverse array of unrelated species" (page 20), including apple (Malus), hickory and pecan (Carya) and oak (Quercus); Wheatley, Ontario, Canada; Tuesday, Aug. 16, 2016, 14:37: Jacy Lucier, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Synanthedon_scitula_male.jpg

For further information:

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Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html