Indirect Watering Devices Are There for Newly Transplanted Urban Trees

Summary: An article in the July 2019 Arboriculture & Urban Forestry issue approaches alleviating nursery tree transplant stress through indirect watering devices.

A 12-week study of indirect watering devices in Monticello, Arkansas, included Treegator® ring and upright bags: Treegator Slow Release Watering Bags for Trees and Shrubs @Treegator, via Facebook Oct. 22, 2010

The article A Comparison of Indirect Watering Devices for Benefiting Newly Transplanted Urban Trees for the July 2019 Arboriculture & Urban Forestry issue addresses significant stress during and after transplanting nursery trees.

Co-authors Benjamin Babst, Shaik Hassan, Matthew Olson and Christoph Stuhlinger broach the significant transplant stress of limited water availability to insufficient roots in fast-draining soil-less media. Reduced root surface area from culling nursery trees from tree nursery sites for city streets, community parks and university campuses challenges site acclimation and water intake. Direct and indirect watering devices decrease the water stress of nursery tree transplants during their first three-plus months in compacted, crowded, degraded, disturbed, polluted urban landscapes.

Indirect supplemental watering devices exist as open tubs, ring bags and upright bags that entertain 19 to 95 liters (5.02 to 25.09 gallons) at a time.

One scientist in New Jersey and three in Arkansas furnish study objectives of finding indirect watering device characteristics and deliveries that favor growth and frustrate stress.

The four-author, single-species, six-device, 12-week study in Monticello, Arkansas, got flexible bags and rigid tubs for indirect, slow-release watering from holes in or near device bottoms. The Monticello greenhouse had ArborRain® and Treegator® upright bags, ArborRain® and Treegator® Jr. Pro ring bags and Bioplex® Tree Ring Jr. and Tree I.V.® tub devices. Indirect watering devices involved installing two 19-liter (.02-gallon) Tree I.V.®, 30- and 8-liter (7.92- and 2.11-gallon) Bioplex®, 38-liter (10-gallon) ArborRain® and 38-liter (10-gallon) Treegator® water loads.

Eighty-one-centimeter- (31.89-inch-) wide, 56-centimeter- (22.0-inch-) deep plastic containers joined indirect watering devices, for late-March through late-June weekly waterings, and 21 four-year-old river birch (Betula nigra) saplings.

The 12-week study kept pre-dawn leaf water potential measurements of water-deficient tree stress, in the eleventh week to know the most physiologically effective indirect watering devices.

Substantial differences in drainage times, from two minutes to 9.5 hours, for internal watering systems link with individual sizes and total numbers of their drainage holes. Ring bags mean lower costs than other slow-release indirect watering devices and, as enclosures, no tub-like accumulated tree debris clogging drain holes and preventing water release. Internal watering devices such as Bioplex® tubs net uniform water distribution over tree root zones through six water entry points that nestle around tree stem bases.

Four selected side-branches on each of the 21 river birch trees offered research team members initial late-March and final late-June leaf counts per centimeter (0.39 inch).

Percent greenness of all leaf surfaces on lower-, middle- and upper-section stems presents research team members with estimated leaf coverage by direct and indirect watering devices.

Research team members quantified tree growth by direct and indirect watering devices from tree-stem calipers 15 centimeters (5.9 inches), and terminal bud heights, above soil surfaces. Direct and indirect watering systems reveal statistically insignificant count, coverage and growth differences and moderately stressed leaf pre-dawn water potential the last, seventh day between waterings. Indirect watering devices show easy, lightweight installation, handling and water-filling logistical and performance advantages and yet sustain tree growth equal, not superior, to direct watering devices.

Tree nursery transplants tend to turn into successfully newly transplanted urban trees if direct and indirect watering devices tackle water-deficient transplant stress the first three months.

A.M. Leonard's ArborRain® ring and upright bags were among the indirect watering devices tested in a 12-week study in Monticello, Arkansas: A.M. Leonard @AMLeonardInc., via Facebook April 25, 2019

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

A 12-week study of indirect watering devices in Monticello, Arkansas, included Treegator® ring and upright bags: Treegator Slow Release Watering Bags for Trees and Shrubs @Treegator, via Facebook Oct. 22, 2010, @ https://www.facebook.com/Treegator/photos/a.440473166735/440473226735/

A.M. Leonard's ArborRain® ring and upright bags were among the indirect watering devices tested in a 12-week study in Monticello, Arkansas: A.M. Leonard @AMLeonardInc., via Facebook April 25, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/AMLeonardInc/photos/a.500461650021176/2190529791014345/

For further information:

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