Otello Is the Jan. 5, 2019, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast

Summary: Verdi’s Otello is the Jan. 5, 2019, Met Opera Saturday matinee broadcast, numbering sixth of 24 in the 2018-2019 season’s schedule.

Verdi’s Otello airs Jan. 5, 2019, as the 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s sixth of 24 scheduled Saturday matinee radio broadcasts: Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, Facebook Aug. 14, 2018

Giuseppe Verdi’s Otello is the Jan. 5, 2019, Met Opera Saturday matinee broadcast, airing as the sixth of 24 scheduled Saturday matinee radio broadcasts during the 2018-2019 Met Opera season.

Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901) set his musical score for Otello to an Italian libretto by Italian composer and librettist Arrigo Boito (Feb. 24, 1842-June 10, 1918). Boito’s literary source was Othello by Elizabethan playwright William Shakespeare (bapt. April 26, 1564-April 23, 1616).

Verdi’s Otello premiered Feb. 5, 1887 at Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Lombardy region, north central Italy. Six years later, Verdi’s second collaboration with Boito, Falstaff, premiered Feb. 9, 1893, at La Scala.

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season premiere of Verdi’s Otello takes place Friday, Dec. 14, at 8 p.m. Eastern Standard Time. Including the season premiere, the 2018-2019 season offers a total of seven performances of Otello.

Four performances take place in December 2018. In addition to the season premiere, the month’s performances are scheduled for Monday, Dec. 17, at 7:30 p.m.; Friday, Dec. 21, at 8 p.m.; and Friday, Dec. 28, at 7:30 p.m.

The month’s performances take place Wednesday, Jan. 2, at 7:30 p.m.; Saturday, Jan. 5, at 1 p.m.; and closing night, Thursday, Jan. 10, at 7:30 p.m. January’s Saturday performance airs as the 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s fifth of 24 scheduled Saturday matinee radio broadcasts.

Gustavo Dudamel conducts all performances, including the Saturday matinee broadcast. The Venezuelan and Spanish conductor’s appearances in Otello mark his Metropolitan Opera debut.

Sonya Yoncheva appears in three December (Friday, Dec. 14; Monday, Dec. 17; Friday, Dec. 21) and all three January performances as Desdemona, whose love for naval hero Otello cannot thwart his murderous jealousy. The Bulgarian operatic soprano’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened Nov. 21, 2013, as Gilda in the opera house’s 859th performance of Verdi’s Rigoletto. In the 2018-2019 Met Opera season, Sonya Yoncheva also appears in the title role of Iolanta by Russian late-Romantic composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (May 7, 1840-Nov. 6, 1893).

Julianna Di Giacomo appears as Desdemona for the Friday, Dec. 28, performance. The American operatic soprano’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened Nov. 12, 2007, as Clotilde in the opera house’s 140th performance of Norma by Italian opera composer Vincenzo Bellini (Nov. 3, 1801-Sept. 23, 1835).

Jennifer Johnson Cano appears in all performances as Emilia. The American operatic mezzo-soprano’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened Sept. 22, 2009, as a Peasant in Mozart’s Le Nozze di Figaro. In the 2018-2019 Met Opera season, Jennifer Johnson Cano also appears as Meg Page in Verdi’s Falstaff.

Stuart Skelton appears in five performances as Otello, manipulated by his ensign, Iago, into a fatal rage. He was originally scheduled for all seven but missed opening night, Friday, Dec. 14, and Friday, Dec. 28, because of illness. The Australian operatic heldentenor’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened as the Drum-Major in the opera house’s 61st performance of Wozzeck by Austrian composer Alban Berg (Feb. 9, 1885-Dec. 24, 1935).

Carl Tanner opens the 2018-2019 Met Opera season's presentation of Otello as title role replacement for Stuart Skelton. He also appears in the Dec. 28 performance as replacement for Stuart Skelton. The American operatic tenor's Metropolitan Opera debut happened as Dick Johnson in the opera house's 101st performance of La Fanciulla del West by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924). (Update per Dec. 14, 2018, tweet by The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera.) (Update per Dec. 28, 2018, tweet by The Metropolitan Opera ‏@MetOpera.)

Alexey Dolgov appears in all performances as Cassio, Otello’s captain, whom Iago falsely charges as Desdemona’s lover to Otello. The Siberian tenor’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened June 12, 2011, as Edgardo in the opera house’s 589th performance of Lucia di Lammermoor by 19th century Italian bel canto opera composer Gaetano Donizetti (Nov. 29, 1797-April 8, 1848).

Željko Lučić appears in all performances as Iago, a bold manipulator whose schemes center on disgracing Otello. The Serbian operatic baritone made his Metropolitan Opera debut Sept. 26, 2006, as Barnaba in the opera house’s 275th performance of La Gioconda by 19th century Italian opera composer Amilcare Ponchielli (Aug. 31, 1834-Jan. 16, 1886). In the 2018-2019 Met Opera season, Željko Lučić also appears as Sheriff Jack Rance in Puccini's La Fanciulla del West.

James Morris appears in all performances as Lodovico, ambassador of the Venetian Republic. The American bass-baritone’s Metropolitan Opera debut happened as the King in the opera house’s 782nd performance of Verdi’s Aida.

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s performances of Otello mark the first revival of Bartlett Sher’s 2015-2016 production. The American theater director’s staging debuted Sept. 21, 2015, as a new production in the opera house’s 326th performance of Otello.

Bartlett Sher’s production team comprises Catherine Zuber, costume designer; Luke Halls, projection designer; Es Devlin, set designer; and Donald Holder, lighting designer. Gina Lapinski is the revival stage director.

The takeaways for Otello as the Jan. 5, 2019, Met Opera Saturday matinee broadcast are that Verdi’s Shakespearean opera airs as the sixth of the 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s 24 scheduled Saturday matinee radio broadcasts and that the season’s performances mark the first revival of American theater director Bartlett Sher’s 2015-2016 new production.

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season's staging of Verdi's Otello is the first revival of Bartlett Sher's 2015-2016 new production, which debuted Sep. 21, 2015: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Twitter Sept. 9, 2015

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Verdi’s Otello airs Jan. 5, 2019, as the 2018-2019 Met Opera season’s sixth of 24 scheduled Saturday matinee radio broadcasts: Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, Facebook Aug. 14, 2018, @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532.229232.20807115532/10160137120775533/

The 2018-2019 Met Opera season's staging of Verdi's Otello is the first revival of Bartlett Sher's 2015-2016 new production, which debuted Sept. 21, 2015: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook Sep. 9, 2015, @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532/10160907173825533/

For further information:

“Debut: Alexey Dolgov.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 354020 Lucia di Lammermoor {589} Matinee ed. Tokyo, Japan: 06/12/2011.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=354020

"Debut: Carl Tanner." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 353707 La Fanciulla del West {101} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/27/2010.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=353707

“Debut: Julianna Di Giacomo.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 352170 Norma {140} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/12/2007.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=352170

“Debut: Sonya Yoncheva.” MetOpera Database > “Debut: Sonya Yoncheva.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 355145 Rigoletto {859} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/21/2013.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=355145

“Debuts: Christopher Wheeldon, Holly Hynes, Zeljko Lucic . . .” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 351556 La Gioconda {275} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/26/2006.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=351556

“Debuts: Dan Ettinger, Emma Bell, Jennifer Johnson Cano.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 353075 Le Nozze di Figaro {442} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/22/2009.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=353075

“Debuts: James Morris, Jacques Cesbron.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 224150 Aida {782} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/7/1971.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=224150

“Debuts: Stuart Skelton, John Albert, Jonathan Kelly.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 353922 Wozzeck {61} Metropolitan Opera House: 04/06/2011.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=353922

Marriner, Derdriu. “2018-2019 Met Opera Season Premiere of Mefistofele Is Thursday, Nov. 8.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Oct. 29, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/2018-2019-met-opera-season-premiere-of_29.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “The Magic Flute Is Dec. 29, 2018, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Dec. 24, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/the-magic-flute-is-dec-29-2018-met.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Mefistofele Is First 2018-2019 Saturday Matinee Broadcast Dec. 1.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Nov. 26, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/mefistofele-is-first-2018-2019-saturday.html

Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. "12 days until Opening Night! Check out these early stage rehearsal photos of Verdi's OTELLO, opening September 21. . . .Photo by Ken Howard/Met Opera." Facebook. Sept. 9, 2015.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.10156028469940533.1073741865.20807115532/10156122690515533/

Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. “Conducting sensation Gustavo Dudamel makes his Met debut leading Verdi’s towering Shakespearean masterpiece. . . .” Facebook. Feb. 15, 2018.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/posts/a.134969600532.229232.20807115532/10160137120775533/

Metropolitan Opera ‏@MetOpera. "For the performance of Otello on December 28, the role of Otello will be sung by Carl Tanner, replacing Stuart Skelton, who is ill. #CastChange." Twitter. Dec. 28, 2018.
Available @ https://twitter.com/MetOpera/status/1078649505627717634

Metropolitan Opera ‏@MetOpera. "For this evening’s performance of Otello, the role of Otello will be sung by Carl Tanner, replacing Stuart Skelton, who is ill. #CastChange." Twitter. Dec. 14, 2018.
Available @ https://twitter.com/MetOpera/status/1073660098734686211

The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. "Maestro Gustavo Dudamel makes his Met debut conducting Verdi's Otello on December 14. . . ." Facebook. Aug. 14, 2018.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/posts/a.134969600532/10160907173825533/

The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. “Sneak peek of the new Bartlett Sher production of Verdi’s Otello, opening 9/21!” Twitter. Sept. 9, 2015.
Available @ https://twitter.com/MetOpera/status/641646007969841156

“New Production: Otello.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 356006 New Production Otello {326} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/21/2015.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=356006

Plant Appraisal: Cost and Value Estimates and Economic Principles

Summary: An article in Arborist News December 2018 examines cost and value estimates and economic principles in plant appraisal of landscape elements and services.

Plant appraisal's consideration of the economic principle of anticipation applies to Christmas tree farms; color variations in blue spruce trees (Picea pungens), which are often sold as living Christmas trees, with root balls included, for planting after the holidays: Steven Katovich, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org, CC BY 3.0 United States, via Forestry Images

The article Core Concepts of Plant Appraisal in Arborist News December 2018 applies "the act or process of formulating an opinion of a defined cost or value" to landscape assets like plants.

The Council of Tree & Landscape Appraisers broaches price as "observable data point" in the "amount of money asked, offered, or paid for property or services." It correlates, or not, with cost as estimated or factual reproduction or replacement "amount of money required to create, produce, or obtain a property or service." Value, as "monetary worth of an item at a given time," discerns "expectation of future benefits in the minds of sellers, buyers, and users of assets."

Item price elucidates, or not, item cost and value even as item cost expresses "more or less than," or even "little or no relationship to," value.

Cost estimate approaches respectively furnish reproduction, functional replacement and repair costs for landscape replicas, equivalently useful landscape items and "decay, wear and tear, or partial destruction."

Cost-value depreciation gauges external obsolescence, functional obsolescence and physical deterioration for the respective "monetary expression of suboptimum" biology, environment, legality; placement, quantity, size; form, health, structure. Plant appraisal handles cost, not willingness to pay, and depreciation for commonest, supply and demand market values estimated by appraisers and determined by buyers and sellers. The non-market valuation method, as value estimate from willingness to pay, infers price data from attendance and taxes for city green spaces, public parks and trails.

Plant appraisal juxtaposes such sometimes quantifiable, sometimes not, tangible benefits of energy-saving, fruiting landscape items and objectively semi-unmeasurable, variable intangible values of aesthetics, privacy and sentimentalism.

Plant appraisal keeps to "reasonable" industry standards and away from personal, subjective intangible values that perhaps know no impersonally, objectively perceived marketplace utility or transactional behavior.

Obvious current property use and neighborhood characteristics locate highest and best use market value, as "reasonably probable use of property that results in the highest value." Feasible, legal, productive, realizable highest and best-use market value estimates manifest willingness to pay for installed materials and plants as personal property makeovers into real estate. Such production costs and property values nod to the economic principle of substitution that lowest-priced commodities, goods and services net the "greatest demand and widest distribution."

Income approaches to plant appraisal observe the economic principle of anticipation whereby expectation of future benefits occasions Christmas tree farm, orchard, timber property and vineyard value.

Anticipation principles and income approaches pursue "present value of future net cash flow" since plant appraisal uniquely presents assets increasing, not decreasing, in size over time.

Economic principles of balance and diminishing returns quantify optimally combined improvements and land and popular quests for unimproved lots with few, not many or no, trees. The economic principle of contribution regards a component's contributory value to the entire property and the result on the overall property value of that component's removal. The economic principle of consistent use sustains savvy market value analysis that supports property values from same-use improvements on same-use land, not different-use improvements and lands.

The economic principle of conformity tethers plant appraisal cost-value estimates to the added value of healthy landscape elements for high-value, well-maintained, not for low-value, non-maintained, properties.

Plant appraisals consider the economic principle of anticipation in cost-value estimates of intentional plantings, such as Christmas tree farms, orchards, timber property and vineyards; Agiorgitiko red wine grape (Vitis vinifera) vineyard in Stymfalia, northeastern Peloponnese, southern Greece; Tuesday, May 16, 2006, 10:56: Ulrichstill, CC BY-SA 2.0 DE Germany, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to:
talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet;
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for superior on-campus and on-line resources.

Image credits:

Plant appraisal's consideration of the economic principle of anticipation applies to Christmas tree farms; color variations in blue spruce trees (Picea pungens), which are often sold as living Christmas trees, with root balls included, for planting after the holidays: Steven Katovich, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org, CC BY 3.0 United States, via Forestry Images @ https://www.forestryimages.org/browse/detail.cfm?imgnum=5578892

Plant appraisals consider the economic principle of anticipation in cost-value estimates of intentional plantings, such as Christmas tree farms, orchards, timber property and vineyards; Agiorgitiko red wine grape (Vitis vinifera) vineyard in Stymfalia, northeastern Peloponnese, southern Greece; Tuesday, May 16, 2006, 10:56: Ulrichstill, CC BY-SA 2.0 DE Germany, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stymfalia-farming.jpg

For further information:

The Council of Tree & Landscape Appraisers. December 2018. "Core Concepts of Plant Appraisal." Arborist News 27(6): 12-17.

Gilman, Ed. 2011. An Illustrated Guide to Pruning. Third Edition. Boston MA: Cengage.

Hayes, Ed. 2001. Evaluating Tree Defects. Revised, Special Edition. Rochester MN: Safe Trees.

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 December 2018. "Six-Year Forest Health Ambassador Program of Oakville, Ontario, Canada." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/six-year-forest-health-ambassador.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 October 2018. "Nursery Production Systems: Tough Urban Landscape Trees on Rough Sites." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/nursery-production-systems-tough-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2018. "Induced-Resistance Agents, Silicon Fertilizers, Synthetic Fungicides." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/induced-resistance-agents-silicon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 August 2018. "Nursery Production Systems for Successful Urban Tree Plantings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/nursery-production-systems-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 July 2018. "Tree Roots Branch in Fabric Containers But Circle and Girdle Plastic." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/tree-roots-branch-in-fabric-containers.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2018. "Wood Decay Fungi Management of Terminal Urban Pathogens." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/wood-decay-fungi-management-of-terminal.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2018. "Downtown Commercial Streetscape Tree Populations in Toronto, Canada." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/downtown-commercial-streetscape-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2018. “Mushroom-Forming and Non-Mushroom-Forming Fungal Life Cycle Traits.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/mushroom-forming-and-non-mushroom.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 March 2018. “Emerald Ash Borer Rapid Response Community Preparedness Project.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/emerald-ash-borer-rapid-response.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2018. “Tree Retention by Arborists for Wildlife Habitat Friendly Tree Care.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/tree-retention-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2018. “Integrated Vegetation Management Study in North and South Yukon, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/integrated-vegetation-management-study.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2017. “Tree Inventories: Preemptive and Proactive or Piecemeal and Reactive.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/12/tree-inventories-preemptive-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 November 2017. “Chlorantraniliprole Reduced-Risk Insecticides Get Leaf-Eaters Not Bees.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/11/chlorantraniliprole-reduced-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 October 2017. “Palm Plant Health Care: Abiotic, Biotic Stress Culture and Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/10/palm-plant-health-care-abiotic-biotic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2017. “Predawn Leaf Water Potentials Indicate Crown Dieback and Water Status.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/09/predawn-leaf-water-potentials-indicate.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2017. “Palm Tree Identification and Pruning of Native and Naturalizable Palms.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/08/palm-tree-identification-and-pruning-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2017. “Commonly Planted, Potentially Phytoremediating Street Tree Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/07/commonly-planted-potentially.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 June 2017. “Root Loss From Root Pruning and Root Shaving of Stem-Girdling Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/06/root-loss-from-root-pruning-and-root.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2017. “Age and Canopy Area Cost Less and Tell More in Urban Tree Inventories.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/05/age-and-canopy-area-cost-less-and-tell.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 April 2017. “Urban Root Management: Big Infrastructure, Small Space, Stressed Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/04/urban-root-management-big.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2017. “Flexural Elasticity Modulus: Trees and Watersprouts Bend or Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/03/flexural-elasticity-modulus-trees-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2017. “Plant Health Care Diagnostics When Plants and Places Wrong One Another.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/02/plant-health-care-diagnostics-when.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2017. “Tree Fertilization for Fine Root Growth and Whole Root System Effects.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/01/tree-fertilization-for-fine-root-growth.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2016. “Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Low Maintenance Tree Health Care Programs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/abiotic-and-biotic-stress-in-low.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2016. “Organic Amendments to Compacted Degraded Urban Highway Roadsides.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/organic-amendments-to-compacted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2016. “Tree Protection Zones by Arborists for All Construction Project Phases.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/tree-protection-zones-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2016. “Stormwater Runoff Landscaping With Urban Canopy Cover and Groundcover.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/09/stormwater-runoff-landscaping-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2016. “Changing Places: Tree Nutrient Movement Down, Tree Water Movement Up.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/08/changing-places-tree-nutrient-movement.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2016. “Treated or Untreated Oriental Bittersweet Vine Management Cut-Stumping.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/07/treated-or-untreated-oriental.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2016. “Tree Injection Site Procedures: Manufacturer's Instructions and Labels.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/06/tree-injection-site-procedures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 May 2016. “Electrical Utility Area Temperate Urban Street Trees: Pruned Regrowth.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/electrical-utility-area-temperate-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2016. “Tree Injection Methods: Treatment Option in Integrated Pest Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/04/tree-injection-methods-treatment-option.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2016. “Bare-Rooted Ornamental Urban Transplants: Amendments Against Mortality.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/bare-rooted-ornamental-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2016. “Bark Protective Survival Mechanisms Foil Deprivation, Injury, Invasion.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/bark-protective-survival-mechanisms.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2016. "LITA Model: Linear Index of Tree Appraisal of Large Urban Swedish Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/01/lita-model-linear-index-of-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems: Site, Soil, Species True Designs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/12/tree-lightning-protection-systems-site.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 October 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems Tailored to Sites, Soils, Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/10/tree-lightning-protection-systems.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 August 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Amend, Fertilize, Mulch, Till!” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/08/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 June 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Assemble, Assess, Assist, Astound.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/06/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2015. “Tree Wound Responses: Healthy Wound Closures by Callus and Woundwood.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/tree-wound-responses-healthy-wound.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2015. “Urban Forest Maintenance and Non-Maintenance Costs and Benefits.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/urban-forest-maintenance-and-non.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2014. “Tree Dwelling Symbionts: Dodder, Lichen, Mistletoe, Moss and Woe-Vine.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/tree-dwelling-symbionts-dodder-lichen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2014. “Tree Cable Installation Systems Lessen Target Impact From Tree Failure.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/tree-cable-installation-systems-lessen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2014. “Flood Tolerant Trees in Worst-Case Floodplain and Urbanized Scenarios.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/flood-tolerant-trees-in-worst-case.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2014. “Integrated Vegetation Management of Plants in Utility Rights-of-Way.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/06/integrated-vegetation-management-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2014. “Tree Twig Identification: Buds, Bundle Scars, Leaf Drops, Leaf Scars.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/tree-twig-identification-buds-bundle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2014. “Tree Twig Anatomy: Ecosystem Stress, Growth Rates, Winter Identification.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/tree-twig-anatomy-ecosystem-stress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2013. “Community and Tree Safety Awareness During Line- and Road-Clearances.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/community-and-tree-safety-awareness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2013. “Chain-Saw Gear and Tree Work Related Personal Protective Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/chain-saw-gear-and-tree-work-related.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2013. “Storm Damaged Tree Clearances: Matched Teamwork of People to Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/storm-damaged-tree-clearances-matched.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Damage Assessments: Pre-Storm Planned Preparedness.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/storm-induced-tree-damage-assessments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html

Westminster Abbey Refectory Raid: A Confession, A Cup, A Key, A King

Summary: A London Sheriff and seven Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid justices never prioritized righting the Westminster Abbey Refectory raid.

London Sheriff Hugh Pourte, who was also a stock-fishmonger, had Richard Puddlicott, 1303 Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid and 1302 Abbey refectory raid prime suspect stay in Pourte's house in St. Magnus parish, an area populated by fishmongers and stock-fishmongers; London Bridge (black inserted arrow) and London's Fishmongers' Hall (inserted green arrow) and St. Magnus the Martyr Church, namesake of St. Magnus parish (inserted red arrow); Southwark's St. Mary's Overie (Southwark Cathedral)(inserted blue arrow); detail of Panorama of London, Westminster and Southwark in 1543 by Flemish topographical artist Anton von den Wyngaerde (ca. 1512/1525-May 7, 1571): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Confessions, indictments, inventories and orders about the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid acknowledged three incidents that arose from the antecedent Westminster Abbey Refectory raid even though they apparently never accomplished its recovery.

The first event, a bungled cup December 1302, became the second-last of the three to be brought up before the king's appointed justices July 6, 1303. The second incident concerned the Westminster Abbey Refectory door key among John de Lenton's possessions upon his arrest as a Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid suspect. The third occurrence dealt with Westminster Abbey Refectory raid descriptions in Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid suspect Richard de Puddlicott's confession sometime around Dec. 3, 1304.

Three events June 25, 1303, September 1305 and Feb. 10, 1307, never entered into commissions, confessions or indictments and ensured Westminster Abbey Refectory silver's eternal exile.

Thames River boatmen furnished Suffolk jurors for Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid indictments July 6, 1303, with three facts about Westminster Abbey Refectory raid filched silver.

Boatmen gave the name Geoffrey Atte Stigle for a Thames River fisherman whose net gathered "a precious cup" among the catch just before Dec. 25, 1302. Stigle had not known "that it was a crime," "that it was a felony," that he handed Westminster Abbey Refectory raid stolen silver to area silversmiths. The interaction never implicated Stigle even though a Westminster Abbey Refectory raid key initiated John de Lenton's arrest June 16-23, 1303, and hanging March 5, 1304.

Lenton likely joined four unknowns hanged with Fleet Prison Keeper and Westminster Palace deputy Keeper William Palmer March 5, 1304, at Smithfield, near St. Bartholomew's Priory.

Lenton, acquaintance of Benedictine community sub-prior Alexander de Pershore (died 1311?) and Westminster landowner just west of the Abbey at Long Ditch, likely kept the key.

Oxfordshire merchant Puddlicott listed himself as solely liable for staging the Westminster Abbey Refectory raid and the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid and selling the loot. And yet contemporary records mentioned that Lenton "ge une clef fust trovee en Le cofre mesme celi Johan accordant a mesme le clef du avandit freytour." The Norman French noted, "a key was found in the Coffee of the same John [de Lenton] which matched the very key to the above-mentioned refectory."

The Westminster Abbey Refectory raid occurred in a Benedictine community building even though the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid occurred in the Chapter House's royal-operated Crypt.

London Sheriff Hugh Pourte placed Puddlicott under arrest June 18-19, 1303, pulled him out of sanctuary June 25, 1303, and put him in the Tower Prison.

Contemporary records quantified Puddlicott's on-hand, on-site, unsold royal plunder at £2,200 even though they never queued up his Westminster Abbey Refectory raid booty in Pourte's custody. Pourte retired after his 1302-1303 sheriffship with the Westminster Abbey Refectory raid plunder, recovered while Puddlicott remained in his custody June 18/19-24/25, 1303, in his residence. King Edward I's (June 17, 1239-July 9, 1307) order Feb. 10, 1307, stated that Pourte should return "all the cups which were lately stolen" by Puddlicott.

Paul Doherty, in The Great Crown Jewels Robbery of 1303 for Carroll & Graf Publishers Sept. 26, 2005, thinks that Pourte never turned in Puddlicott's plunder.

Oxfordshire merchant Richard Puddlicott claimed sole responsibility in his December 1303 confession for the 1303 Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid and its antecedent, a raid of the Abbey's refectory in 1302; drawing and engraving of refectory, with "the wall & arcade c. 1066 -- the windows c. 1380," by English architectural engraver and draughtsman John Henry LeKeux (March 23, 1812-Feb. 4, 1896) in G.G. Scott's Gleanings From Westminster Abbey (1861), page 199 (Plate XXX): via Internet Archive

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

London Sheriff Hugh Pourte, who was also a stock-fishmonger, had Richard Puddlicott, 1303 Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid and 1302 Abbey refectory raid prime suspect stay in Pourte's house in St. Magnus parish, an area populated by fishmongers and stock-fishmongers; London Bridge (black inserted arrow) and London's Fishmongers' Hall (inserted green arrow) and St. Magnus the Martyr Church, namesake of St. Magnus parish (inserted red arrow); Southwark's St. Mary's Overie (Southwark Cathedral)(inserted blue arrow); detail of "Panorama of London (Central Section)" in 1543 by Flemish topographical artist Anton von den Wyngaerde (ca. 1512/1525-May 7, 1571) in Maps of Old London (London: Adam and Charles Black, 1908) by G.E. Mitton, pen name of English editor, guide-book writer, novelist and writer Geraldine Edith Mitton (Oct. 14, 1868-March 25, 1955): Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maps_Of_Old_London_Wyngaerde_Part_2.jpg;
Not in copyright, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/mapsofoldlondon00mitt/page/n37/mode/1up;
CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikisource @ https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Maps_of_Old_London/Wyngaerde;
Public Domain, via Project Gutenberg @ https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/40274/pg40274-images.html

Oxfordshire merchant Richard Puddlicott claimed sole responsibility in his December 1303 confession for the 1303 Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid and its antecedent, a raid of the Abbey's refectory in 1302; drawing and engraving of refectory, with "the wall & arcade c. 1066 -- the windows c. 1380," by English architectural engraver and draughtsman John Henry LeKeux (March 23, 1812-Feb. 4, 1896) in G.G. Scott's Gleanings From Westminster Abbey (1861), page 199 (plate XXX): via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/stream/gleaningsfromwes00scot_0#page/n280/mode/1up;
Not in copyright, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/gleaningsfromwe00scotgoog/page/n277/mode/1up;
via Google Books Read free of charge @ https://www.google.com/books/edition/Gleanings_from_Westminster_Abbey/vkBEklt6W2AC?hl=en&gbpv=0

For further information:

Benham, William; Charles Welch. 1901. Mediaeval London. London, England: Seeley and Co. Limited; New York, NY: The Macmillan Company.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/mediaevallondon00benh/

Doherty, Paul. 2005. The Great Crown Jewels Robbery of 1303. New York NY: Carroll & Graf Publisher.

Harvey, Barbara F., ed. 1965. Documents Illustrating the Rule of Walter de Wenlok, Abbot of Westminster 1283-1307. Vol. II. Camden Fourth Series. London, England: Offices of the Royal Historical Society.

Keay, Anna. 2011. The Crown Jewels. London UK: Thames & Hudson Ltd.

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 April 2018. "Richard Puddlicott and the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/richard-puddlicott-and-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 May 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid in April and May 1303 in England." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 May 2018. "Mysteries of the April-May 1303 Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/mysteries-of-april-may-1303-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 June 2018. "King Edward I's Letter on the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/king-edward-is-letter-on-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 June 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Royal Proclamation June 16, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_8.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Palmer Confession June 17, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 June 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Arrests June 18-19, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_22.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 June 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Indenture June 22, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_29.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 July 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Palmer Confession July 6, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 July 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Goldsmiths Talk July 4, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_13.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 July 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Aldermen Interviews July 29, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_27.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 August 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Westminster Jurors Aug. 6, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 August 2018. "Edward I's Second Letter on the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/edward-is-second-letter-on-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 September 2018. "Westminster Abbey Refectory Raid and London Sheriff Hugh Pourte." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/westminster-abbey-refectory-raid-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 October 2018. "Edward I's Third Letter on the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/edward-is-third-letter-on-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: 'Falsely Indicted' Monks?" Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 October 2018. "Appellants Not Involved in the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/appellants-not-involved-in-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 October 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid Commission Oct. 26, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_26.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 November 2018. "Queen of Mercy to Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid Female Suspects." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/queen-of-mercy-to-westminster-abbey.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 November 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Female Suspects Left Behind." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_9.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 November 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Two Freed Female Suspects." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_16.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 November 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Margaret and the Barber Sisters." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_23.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 November 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Puddlicott Execution Nov. 28, 1304." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 December 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Rippinghale Confession Dec. 3, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_7.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Puddlicott Confession." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 December 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid Boatman, Refectory Raid Fisherman." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_21.html

Mitton, G.E. (Geraldine Edith). 1908. Maps of Old London. London, England: Adam and Charles Black.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/mapsofoldlondon00mitt

Palgrave, Sir Francis, ed. 1836. "Appendix: Records Relating to the Robbery at the Treasury, 31 Edw. I." The Antient Kalendars and Inventories of His Majesty's Exchequer Together with Other Documents Illustrating the History of That Repository. Vol. I: 251-299. London England: Commissioners of the Public Records of The Kingdom.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/stream/antientkalendars01grea_0#page/251/mode/1up

Rothwell, Harry, ed. 1957. The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough. Previously Edited as the Chronicle of Walter of Hemingford or Hemingburgh. Camden Series Volume LXXXIX. London, England: Royal Historical Society.

Scott, George Gilbert. 1863. Gleanings From Westminster Abbey. Oxford and London, England: John Henry and James Parker.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/gleaningsfromwes00scot_0

Hawking's Brief Answers to the Big Questions: Proactive Involvement

Summary: Proactive involvement culls last, takeaway place amid 10 queries collected by theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in Brief Answers to Big Questions.

Stephen Hawking's "spark of enquiry and wonder" impelled him toward proactive involvement in understanding nature: Stephen Hawking @Stephen Hawking, via Facebook April 12, 2016

Proactive involvement, as the last of 10 asked and answered questions by a world-renowned theoretical physicist, associates action and activism with awareness in the last work for Bantam Books Oct. 15, 2018.

Stephen Hawking (Jan. 8, 1942-March 14, 2018) bases Chapter 10 in Brief Answers to the Big Questions upon the query "How Do We Shape the Future?" The co-author, with Thomas Hertog at the University of Leuven, Belgium, of the posthumous A Smooth Exit from Eternal Inflation? April 27, 2018, considers informed ingenuity. Hawking designates Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879-April 18, 1955) a role model who "revolutionized our understanding of space, time, energy and matter" through "intuition, originality, brilliance."

Imagination enabled the Nobel Laureate to expose underlying structures and extract reality from appearances to elucidate special relativity theory from envisioning light as a frozen wave.

Laser Interferometer Gravitation-Wave Observatory experiments, particle accelerators, space telescopes and supercomputers furnish "greater tools for discovery" that Einstein-like imagination, ingenuity and inquisitiveness funnel in survival-friendly fashions.

Hawking gleaned from getting clockwork and electric toy trains into pieces and back together again that "If you know how something works, you can control it." The Princeton University theorist of space-time relativity and the Cambridge University theorist of space-time origins harnessed their mental potential to "[t]he spark of enquiry and wonder." St. Albans schoolteacher Dikran Tahta initiated Hawking's spark with "maths as the blueprint of the universe itself" since behind every exceptional individual is an exceptional instructor.

Cutbacks, nationalism and quantity-framed, not quality-framed, "rote-learning, equations and examinations" jeopardize proactive involvement from judicious science and technology in mass-audience, one-way articles, books, documentaries and films.

Science-related technology keeps up Large Hadron Collider experiments on Higgs boson particles that kindle all physical forces, without keeping down over-competition, over-population, over-production, over-use and over-warming.

Curing and treating cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy, single-gene conditions; mining rare lunar metals; setting up Martian outposts loom high on science and technology bucket lists. Artificial intelligence and space exploration respectively maneuver scientific and technological mastery toward mitigating climate change, global warming and polar meltdowns and moving away from mangled Earth. Perhaps intelligent life necessarily nestles into narrow temporal niches through natural instability, short-sightedness and self-destruction, such as earthly intelligence nudging planetary necropsis from planet-wide nuclear war.

Task-oriented artificial intelligence offers proactive involvement digital personal assistants Cortana, Google Now and Siri and self-driving cars even as it operates competitively, perhaps conflictually, with humankind.

Proactive involvement prompts brain interfaces and Facebook and disabled-friendly and then mainstream-use drive by wire, home automation, the Segway, text to voice and voice to text.

Imaginative, informed, ingenious proactive involvement queues up such other humankind-friendly scientific and technological achievements as the internet, mobile phones, medical imaging, satellite navigation and social networks. It requires interactive internet education, professionalization and socialization and mass-audience scientific literacy early on even if self-designed super-elites and super-intelligent artificial intelligence never reveal humankind-unfriendly agendas. It suggests solving the 10 big questions, spreading out from "small and increasingly polluted and overcrowded" Earth and switching to clean-energy electric transportation and fusion power.

Proactive involvement turns into practice the Einsteinian ingenuity that "a new type of thinking is essential if mankind is to survive and move toward higher levels."

Stephen Hawking pinpointed an integral quality of German-born theoretical physicist Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879-April 18, 1955) accordingly: "When I think about ingenuity, Einstein springs to mind;" Albert Einstein and his sister, Maja (Nov. 18, 1881-June 25, 1951), in 1885; Library of the ETH Zurich: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Stephen Hawking's "spark of enquiry and wonder" impelled him toward proactive involvement in understanding nature: Stephen Hawking @Stephen Hawking, via Facebook April 12, 2016, @ https://www.facebook.com/stephenhawking/photos/a.722563527830747/1004427326311031/

Stephen Hawking pinpointed an integral quality of German-born theoretical physicist Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879-April 18, 1955) accordingly: "When I think about ingenuity, Einstein springs to mind;" Albert Einstein and his sister, Maja (Nov. 18, 1881-June 25, 1951), in 1885; Library of the ETH Zurich: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ETH-BIB-Einstein,_Albert_(1879-1955),_Winteler-Einstein,_Maja_(1881-1951)-Portrait-Portr_03143-A.tif

For further information:

Hawking, Stephen. 2018. "[Chapter] 10: How Do We Shape the Future?" Brief Answers to the Big Questions. New York NY: Bantam Books.

Hawking, Stephen; and Thomas Hertog. 27 April 2018. "A Smooth Exit from Eternal Inflation?" Journal of High Energy Physics 2018(147). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2018)147
Available via Springer @ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FJHEP04%282018%29147

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2018. "Hawking's Brief Answers to the Big Questions: Scientific Literacy." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/hawkings-brief-answers-to-big-questions.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 October 2018. "Brief Answers to Big Questions: Divine Creation, Scientific Creation?" Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/brief-answers-to-big-questions-divine.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 November 2018. "Cosmological Beginnings in Hawking's Brief Answers to Big Questions." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/cosmological-beginnings-in-hawkings.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 November 2018. "Intelligent Life in Stephen Hawking's Brief Answers to Big Questions." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/intelligent-life-in-stephen-hawkings.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 November 2018. "Hawking's Brief Answers to the Big Questions: Predictable Futures?" Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/hawkings-brief-answers-to-big-questions.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 November 2018. "Hawking's Brief Answers to the Big Questions: Black Hole Interiors." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/hawkings-brief-answers-to-big-questions_22.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 November 2018. "Hawking's Brief Answers to the Big Questions:  Time Travel." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/hawkings-brief-answers-to-big-questions_29.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 December 2018. "Hawking's Brief Answers to the Big Questions: Doomsday Earth?" Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/hawkings-brief-answers-to-big-questions_6.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2018. "Hawking's Brief Answers to the Big Questions: Space Colonization." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/hawkings-brief-answers-to-big-questions_13.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 December 2018. "Hawking's Brief Answers to the Big Questions: Artificial Intelligence." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/hawkings-brief-answers-to-big-questions_20.html

Stephen Hawking @stephenhawking. 12 April 2016 · "Today, at the One World Observatory in New York City, Yuri Milner and I launched a mission to the stars. Mark Zuckerberg lent his support by joining the board of our new initiative, Breakthrough Starshot. Within the next generation, Breakthrough Starshot aims to develop a ‘nanocraft’ -- a gram-scale robotic space probe -- and use a light beam to push it to 20 percent of the speed of light. If we are successful, a flyby mission could reach Alpha Centauri about 20 years after launch, and send back images of any planets discovered in the system. Albert Einstein once imagined riding on a light beam, and his thought experiment led him to the theory of special relativity. A little over a century later, we have the chance to attain a significant fraction of that speed: 100 million miles an hour. Only by going that fast can we reach the stars on the time-scale of a human life. It is exciting to be involved in such an ambitious project, pushing the boundaries of ingenuity and engineering. - SH." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/stephenhawking/photos/a.722563527830747/1004427326311031/