Earth and Space News: Chlorantraniliprole Reduced-Risk Insecticides Get Leaf-Eaters Not Bees

Summary: University of Kentucky research puts turfgrass pest-curbing chlorantraniliprole reduced-risk insecticides in woody landscape ornamental pest management.

Chlorantraniliprole emerges as a bee-friendly insecticide in 2010 to 2016 trials that treated popular woody landscape ornamentals such as black cherry (Prunus serotina); old-growth black cherry, Allegheny National Forest's Tionesta Research Natural Area, McKean County, northwestern Pennsylvania; Sunday, June 10, 2012, 07:14: Nicholas A. Tonelli from Pennsylvania, USA, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons

Exotic parasites and pathogens, intensified land and pesticide use and lost floral resources and nesting habitats afflict bees, according to an article on reduced-risk insecticides in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry November 2017.

Landscape professionals who balk at best management practices, such as target-selective insecticides, that boost bee populations, beckon adverse publicity, fines and license suspensions over bee kills. Chlorantraniliprole, first anthranilic diamide registered for landscape ornamental and turfgrass use, competes promisingly against bee-unfriendly pyrethroids and against nectar- and pollen-toxic clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. Pests die paralyzed and starved from ingesting chlorantraniliprole since anthranilic diamides deplete calcium ion flow by damaging ryanodine receptors and disrupt feeding by disabling muscle contraction.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classification among reduced-risk insecticides entails no signal word when labeling chlorantraniliprole, widely evaluated for turfgrass pest management, since 2008.

The article Chlorantraniliprole: Reduced-Risk Insecticide for Controlling Insect Pests of Woody Ornamentals with Low Hazard to Bees focuses upon chlorantraniliprole in woody landscape ornamental pest management.

Daniel Potter and Carl Redmond of the University of Kentucky give results from trials between 2010 and 2016 on Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera insect orders. Trials handle boxwood psyllids, boxwood leafminers, bristly roseslug sawflies, eastern tent caterpillars, evergreen bagworms, hawthorn lace bugs, Japanese beetles, oak lecanium scale crawlers and oleander aphids. They involve foliar-spraying arborvitae, boxwood, chokecherry, hawthorn, linden, little-leaf linden, wild black cherry and willow oak abaxial and adaxial surfaces and basal soil-drenching with systemic insecticides.

Ten-minute-long Japanese beetle fly-off assays from plastic trays uncovered outdoors in direct sunlight in summer 2011 and 2012 juggle exposure to chlorantraniliprole versus bifenthrin and carbaryl.

Trials keep chlorantraniliprole- and bifenthrin-exposed oak lecanium scale nymphs, carbaryl-exposed bristly roseslug sawfly larvae and spinosad-exposed eastern tent caterpillar larvae, scored as alive, dead or moribund.

The study's trials look at reduced-risk chlorantraniliprole and bee-toxic spinosad against boxwood psyllids and at bee-friendly chlorantraniliprole and bee-unfriendly dinotefuran, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam against boxwood leafminers. The two co-researchers and co-writers mention reduced-risk insecticides in woody landscape ornamental pest management since chlorantraniliprole masters nearly completely suppressing adult Japanese beetles for 28 days. They note that bristly roseslug sawfly, evergreen bagworm and Japanese beetles need foliar sprays on abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces, not systemic insecticides in soil drenches.

Reduced-risk insecticides optimally operate against targets, under different conditions and with low mammalian toxicity even though clorantraniliprole offers low usefulness, from low plant systemicity, against sap-feeders.

The anthranilic diamide cyantraniliprole provides foliar and systemic ornamental plant insect control and greater water solubility than chlorantraniliprole even though it proves highly toxic to bees.

Neonicotinoids queue up with cyantraniliprole as suppressors of woody landscape ornamental pests and among increased-risk insecticides for prompting spider mite outbreaks and for provoking bee kills. The co-authors render insecticide use minor roles behind exotic parasites and pathogens, intensified land use and reduced floral diversity and nesting habitats in urban bee declines. Bee-friendly chlorantraniliprole and bee-unfriendly, root-damaging and sap-sipping pest-unfriendly cyantraniliprole reduced-risk insecticides sustain bee-attractive, pest-prone woody landscape ornamental Crataegus (hawthorn), hydrangea, Prunus (cherry) and Pyracantha against leaf-eaters.

Urban landscapes tend toward diverse flowering, pest-free, pollinator-scarce, wind-pollinated species successively blooming throughout growing seasons and, optimally, chlorantraniliprole-treatable for caterpillars, leaf-feeding beetles and sawfly larvae pests.

chemical structure of chlorantraniliprole, a bee-friendly insecticide used in woody landscape ornamental pest management; Br=bromine, C=carbon, Cl=chlorine, H=hydrogen, N=nitrogen, O=oxygen; "Compound Summary Chlorantraniliprole," PubChem CID 11271640, PubChem; Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine: May be freely used or reproduced without permission in the U.S., via National Library of Medicine National Center for Biotechnology Information

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet;
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for superior on-campus and on-line resources.

Image credits:

chemical structure of bee-friendly chlorantraniliprole, a bee-friendly insecticide used in woody ornamental pest management; Br=bromine, C=carbon, Cl=chlorine, H=hydrogen, N=nitrogen, O=oxygen; "Compound Summary Chlorantraniliprole," PubChem CID 11271640, PubChem; Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine: May be freely used or reproduced without permission in the U.S., via National Library of Medicine National Center for Biotechnology Information @ https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11271640#section=Top

For further information:

"Compound Summary for CID 11271640: Chlorantraniliprole." National Institutes of Health > U.S. National Library of Medicine > National Center for Biotechnology Information > PubChem.
Available @ https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11271640#section=Information-Sources

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Earth and Space News

Saturday, November 25, 2017

Chlorantraniliprole Reduced-Risk Insecticides Get Leaf-Eaters Not Bees

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