Earth and Space News: Electrical Utility Area Temperate Urban Street Trees: Pruned Regrowth

Summary: Pruned regrowth of electrical utility area temperate urban street trees is shortest from directional pruning and strongest in the first post-pruning year.

Laser rangefinder TruPulse models are used in forest inventories and also provide data for a 2008-2010 study of control growth and response growth for electrical utility area temperate urban street trees in proximity to downtown Montréal: Claudiusmm, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

TruPulse 360 handheld laser rangefinders allow on-ground, post-pruning branch extension regrowth rate predictions for electrical utility area temperate urban street trees, according to an article in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry May 2016. Testing a New Approach to Quantify Growth Responses to Pruning Among Three Temperate Tree Species balances one pruning cycle's clearance distance and another's conductor-intercepting shoot regrowth.

Co-authors Christian Buteau, Matt Follett, Christian Messier and Charles A. Nook consider gap closure rates from lateral branch extension in managed forests counter-contributive to urban contexts. They differentiate forest and urban environments and species and discuss maximum photosynthesis by shade-intolerant species in all but lowest light growing seasons, most compacted soil conditions.

Severe pruning elicits growth, with round-over internodal heading cuts encouraging stronger branch elongation responses after routine utility line clearances than natural pruning reduced to lateral branches.

Expense and the Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Act 2012 forbidding certified workers within 3 meters (9.84 feet) of exposed, energized 750V-plus conductors frustrate data acquisition.

Gauging annual branch elongation in tall trees near electrical wires, post-pruning regrowth and stress from abiotic and biotic variables guides the study in Montréal, Québec, Canada. The study has 59 green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), Norway maple (Acer platanoides) and silver maple (A. saccharinum) trees within 6 meters (3.73 miles) of downtown Montréal. Ranges invoke 127- to 4,642-cubic meter (4,484.96- to 163,930.7-cubic foot) crowns, 28- to 112-centimeter (11.02- to 44.09-inch) diameters and 7.6- to 22-meter (24.93- to 72.18-foot) heights.

The study jumbles block-wide pruning cycles for electrical utility area temperate urban street trees three to five years before data collection August 2011 through February 2012.

Summer-autumn heading cuts kindle epicormic growth the year after pruning electrical utility area temperate urban street trees, whose bud scars and twig outgrowths keep growth records.

TruPulse 360 rangefinders look at control growth of exterior, unpruned branches on crown peripheries and response growth of longest regrown branches pruned between 2008 and 2010. Response growth mixes directional pruning from uncut lateral terminal buds to limbs one-third parent-stem diameters and epicormic growth from heading cuts and of lateral parent-stem buds. Its regrowth notes environmental influences: building heights and distances; soil exposure on moisture and nutrient access; and trim azimuth, distance from stem and type on light.

Regrowth rates observe whole-tree and within-crown influences: species-specific crown bases, diameters, heights and widths; and branch heights, parent-stem diameters and regrowth azimuths, inclinations, lengths and types.

Silver maples present the highest post-pruning response growth, directional pruning prompts the slowest post-pruning branch growth and the first post-pruning year provokes 1.5-meter (4.92-foot) growth maximums. Defoliation and pruning quicken branch elongation growth rates of electrical utility area temperate urban street trees most in the first post-pruning year and progressively less thereafter.

Significance of biotic, not abiotic, factors and study limitations of environmental factor-related variance, inexact pruning dates and intra-species size differences require sampling additional, larger data sets. Decreased branch angles lower down and increased, phototropism-friendly inclinations higher up respectively strengthen green ash and Norway maple vertical and parent stem-thickened silver maple horizontal regrowth.

High-infiltration, high-light study sites testify to atypically broken, pervious, uncrowded urban hardscapes whose future investigations necessarily treat tree carbohydrate storage, crown hydraulics, pruning schedules and vigor.

A study of three tree species in an electrical utility area near downtown Montréal finds that silver maples (Acer saccharinum) exhibit highest post-pruning regrowth rates; urban silver maples in Toronto, Ontario, east central Canada; May 22, 2016: Deinocheirus, CC BY SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to:
talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet;
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for superior on-campus and on-line resources.

Image credits:

Follett, Matt; Nock, Charles A.; Buteau, Christian; and Messier, Christian. May 2016. "Testing a New Approach to Quantify Growth Responses to Pruning Among Three Temperate Tree Species." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 42(3): 133-145.

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Earth and Space News

Sunday, May 22, 2016

Electrical Utility Area Temperate Urban Street Trees: Pruned Regrowth

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