Solar System Formation Accepts Leftovers in Bang! The Complete History

Summary: Solar system formation stages accept star formation's leftover materials, in Chapter 4's Stars and Planets of Bang! The Complete History of the Universe.

Artist's concept of protoplanetary, or planet-forming, disk around young star includes gaps from the latter's possible tug-of-war over outer-disk material with developing gas giants positioned between the inner and outer stellar disks. Chapter 4 of Bang! The Complete History of the Universe suggests that the tug-of-war explains Jupiter's periodic spirals toward and away from our Sun; the tug-of-war may have contributed to Saturn's rings, whose lifespan is just for another million years, from a broken-up moon about 1 million years ago; courtesy NASA /JPL-Caltech: May be used for any purpose without prior permission, via NASA JPL Caltech

Solar system formation stages apply after T Tauri stellar stages, in Chapter 4, Stars and Planets, in Bang! The Complete History of the Universe by Chris Lintott, Brian May and Patrick Moore.

Solar system formation around the flattened disk spinning around the protosun brought asteroids, Kuiper Belt objects and larger planets same-direction orbital inclinations predominantly under 4 degrees. Long-period comets such as Halley's, low-massed comets and Mercury respectively configure orbital directions opposite the solar system's, eccentric orbital inclinations and orbital inclination of 7 degrees. The stellar wind never drove Earth and Mars, as rocky, small planets that developed from the observable disk around their parent star, far from our Sun.

Solar system formation entailed an asteroid belt instead of a large planet between rocky, small Mercury and gas giant Jupiter because of the latter's gravitational pull.

Solar system formation found the young Sun's stellar wind forcing such light gases as hydrogen into functioning as Jupiter's, Saturn's, Uranus' and Neptune's surface-looking atmospheric tops.

Scarcer material farther from our Sun never gave Kuiper Belt objects, 1,444-mile (2,323.89-kilometer) diameter Pluto and Pluto-sized Quoaoar and Sedna the critical sizes for gaining atmospheres. Our solar disk has gaps from the gravitational pull of the gas giant Jupiter harvesting, and having to hand back, leftover material from solar system formation. Drag force impels Jupiter's spiraling less or more energetically respectively toward and from our Sun, until Jupiter includes contested disk material or itinerates into the Sun.

Solar system formation joined sufficiently amassed hydrogen gas, with sufficient gravitational pull, into Jupiter and into Saturn, with rings from broken-up moons 4.5 billion years later.

Condensed disk material kindled solar system formation of Uranus and Neptune, critically massed between rocky planets and gas giants, and perhaps a now-lost fifth giant planet.

The Oort Cloud launched dirty ice-balled comets with ice-rubbled nuclei and lodged near Uranus and Neptune outer-disk material not dense or hot enough for planetary formation. Lunar craters manifest small-body bombardment from Uranus and Neptune moving outward, 9 billion to 9.2 billion years after the Big Bang, to present Solar System positions. Earthlings note dusty debris particles as upper-atmosphere meteors burning at 40-mile (65-kilometer) elevations above sea level and evaporated cometary ice as comet heads with long tails.

Solar system formation occasioned Asteroid Belt objects whose dislodged, solid-bodied meteoroids (from Greek μετέωρος, "lofty" and -ειδής, "-like") obtained impact craters on lunar and terrestrial surfaces.

The respective 68-day and 165-year orbits of our Sun's closest and farthest planets, Mercury and Neptune, present near-circular shapes, like the Solar System's six other planets.

Brilliant, long-period, shadow-casting comets, such as Halley's Comet (for Edmond Halley, Oct. 29, 1656-Jan. 25, 1742), qualify for eccentrically inclined, retrograde (from Latin retrōgradus, "opposite-directioned") orbits. Mercury and Venus respectively retain no appreciable atmosphere and a carbon dioxide-riddled, sulfuric acid-rich clouds and surface temperatures at 932 degrees Fahrenheit (500 degrees Celsius). Gigantic, high-temperature, silicate-cored Jupiter and Saturn and, next-biggest, the ice giants Uranus and Neptune respectively support four and one large and five and one fair-sized satellites.

Solar system formation turns up small planets such as Mercury and Venus without satellites, Mars with small Deimos and Phobos and Earth with the large Moon.

Bronze statue replicates Freddie Mercury's stance in Montreux, Switzerland, overlooking Lake Geneva, for album cover of Made in Heaven, released Nov. 6, 1995, as 15th and final studio album by British rock band Queen's Brian May, Roger Taylor, Freddie Mercury and John Deacon; Saturday, Dec. 28, 2002, 15:13: S_Werner, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Artist's concept of protoplanetary, or planet-forming, disk around young star includes gaps from the latter's possible tug-of-war over outer-disk material with developing gas giants positioned between the inner and outer stellar disks. Chapter 4 of Bang! The Complete History of the Universe suggests that the tug-of-war explains Jupiter's periodic spirals toward and away from our Sun; the tug-of-war may have contributed to Saturn's rings, whose lifespan is just for another million years, from a broken-up moon about 1 million years ago; courtesy NASA /JPL-Caltech: May be used for any purpose without prior permission, via NASA JPL Caltech @ https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=927

Bronze statue replicates Freddie Mercury's stance in Montreux, Switzerland, overlooking Lake Geneva, for album cover of Made in Heaven, released Nov. 6, 1995, as 15th and final studio album by British rock band Queen's Brian May, Roger Taylor, Freddie Mercury and John Deacon; Saturday, Dec. 28, 2002, 15:13: S_Werner, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Freddie_Bronzestatue_rueckansicht.jpg

For further information:

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 November 2012. "Star Formation Acts Local on Bang! The Complete History of the Universe." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/11/star-formation-acts-local-on-bang.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 October 2012. "Dark Energy Accelerates Bang! The Complete History of the Universe." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/dark-matter-accrues-in-bang-complete.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2012. "Dark Matter Accrues in Bang! The Complete History of the Universe." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/black-holes-are-ionizers-in-bang.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 October 2012. "Black Holes Are Ionizers in Bang! The Complete History of the Universe." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/black-holes-are-ionizers-in-bang.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 October 2012. "Ionized Gas Bubbles Atomize Bang! The Complete History of the Universe." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/ionized-gas-bubbles-atomize-bang.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 September 2012. "Lighted Spaces Are Late in Bang! The Complete History of the Universe." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/09/lighted-spaces-are-late-in-bang.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 September 2012. "Inflation Affects Space in Bang! The Complete History of the Universe." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/09/inflation-affects-space-in-bang.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 September 2012. "Lighted Dark Space Affirms Bang! The Complete History of the Universe." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/09/lighted-dark-space-affirms-bang.html

May, Brian; Patrick Moore; and Chris Lintott. 2012. Bang! The Complete History of the Universe. London UK: Carlton Books Ltd.