Earth and Space News

Thursday, October 27, 2022

Lombardy Associates With Columbus and His Wife's Great-Grandparents

Summary: Lombardy associates with Columbus and his wife's paternal grandparents, according to Columbus's second son and to educator Antonio Maria de Freitas.

The north central Italian region of Lombardy associates with Columbus and his wife's paternal great-grandparents, according to Christopher Columbus's second son and to Azorean educator and historian Antonio Maria de Freitas.

A personal biography of 15th and 16th century explorer and navigator Christopher Columbus (Catalan: Cristòfor Colom; Italian: Cristoforo Colombo; Portuguese: Cristóvão Colombo; Spanish: Cristóbal Colón; ca. 1446/1451-May 20, 1506) by his second son, Ferdinand Columbus (Italian: Fernando Colombo; Portuguese: Fernando Colombo; Spanish: Fernando, or Hernando, Colón y Enríquez de Arana; Aug. 15, 1488-July 12, 1539), was published posthumously, in an Italian translation by Spanish editor, historian and translator Alfonso de Ulloa (1529-1570), in 1571. Ferdinand's biography has been short-titled as Historie (Historie del S.D. Fernando Colombo; Nelle quali s'ha particolare, & vera relatione della vita, & de' fatti dell'Ammiraglio D. Christoforo Colombo, ſuo padre: et dello ſcoprimento, ch'egli fece dell'Indie Occidentali, dette Mondo Nuovo, hora poſſedute dal Sereniſs. Re Catolico). American historian and colonial Latin America specialist Benjamin Keen (1913-Nov. 1, 2002) published his English translation, The Life Of The Admiral Christopher Columbus By His Son, in 1959.

The first two chapters of Ferdinand's biography considered his father's genealogical background. Six popularly suggested birthplaces (Bugliasco, Cogoleto, Genoa, Nervi, Piacenza, Savona) were presented in the first chapter (Della patria, origine, & nome dell'Ammiraglio Chriſtoforo Colombo. Capitolo primo; page 2; Chapter 1 Concerning the Birthplace, Family, and Name of the Admiral Christopher Columbus; page 3).

Of the six suggested birthplaces, five are located in the northwest Italian region of Liguria (Ligurian: Ligûria). The Ligurian candidates are listed as the region's capital, Genoa (Italian: Genova; Ligurian: Zêna), or nearby localities of Bugiasco (Italian: Bugliasco; Ligurian: Boggiasco), Cugureo (Italian: Cogoleto; Ligurian: Cogoeuo), Nervi and Savona (Ligurian: Sann-a).

Piacenza (English: Piacenza; English and French: Plaisance; Piacentino: Piaṡëinsa) is located in Emilia-Romagna (Emilian: Emégglia-Rumâgna or Emîlia-Rumâgna; Romagnol: Emélia-Rumâgna), Liguria's western neighbor. Piacenza is the capital of Piacenza Province, Emilia-Romagna's westernmost province. The Province of Piacenza (Italian: provincia di Piacenza) has longstanding associations with Emilia-Romagna's northern neighbor, the north central Italian region of Lombardy (Italian: Lombardia; Lombard: Lumbardia). Piacenza's Lombard history includes inclusion in the Lombard League (Italian: Lega Lombarda; Lombard: Liga Lombarda; 1167-1250), the dominions of the Viscontis of Milan (Italian: Visconti; Latin: Vicecomes; 1277-1395) and the Duchy of Milan (Italian: Ducato di Milano; Latin: Ducatus Mediolanensis; Lombard: Ducaa de Milan; 1395-1447).

Vague personal references to the explorer's parents appeared in the biography's second chapter (Chi ſoſſero il padre, & la madre dell'Ammiraglio, & le qualita loro; & la falſa relatione, che un certo Giuſtiniano fa dell'eſſercitio ſuo, prima che acquiſtaſſe il titolo d'Ammiraglio. Capitolo II, page 4; Chapter 2 Of the Admiral’s Parents and Their Condition, and of the False Account That One Giustiniani Gives of His Occupation Before He Acquired the Title of Admiral; page 5). Ferdinand connected events in Lombardy with the plummeted economic and social status of his paternal grandparents. He noted that, although his research failed to discover their livelihood or locations, his father had referenced his family's traditionally maritime occupations in a letter.

" . . . ritornando alle qualità, & perſone de' ſuoi genitori, dico, che, quantunque eſſi ſoſſero buoni in virtù, eſſendo per cagione delle guerre, & partialità della Lombardia ridotti a biſogno, & povertà, non trovo, come viveſſero, & habitaſſero: avvenga che lo ſteſſo Ammiraglio in una lettera dica, che il ſuo trafico, e d' ſuoi maggiori fu ſempre per mare," Ferdinand explained (Ulloa, page 4).

". . . turning to the condition of his parents, I say that they were persons of worth who had been reduced to poverty by the wars and factions of Lombardy. I have not been able to find how or where they lived, although the Admiral himself says in a letter that he and his ancestors always followed the sea" (Keen, page 5).

Filipa Moniz Perestrello (ca. 1452-ca. 1477/1485), Christopher Columbus's wife, was born on Porto Santo Island (ilha do Porto Santo) in the Madeira Archipelago (arquipélago da Madeira). Her father, Bartholomew Perestrello (Portuguese: Bartolomeu Perestrelo; ca.1395-1457), was the island's first Capitão Donatário ("donatary captain"; royal governor), according to Nicolau Florentino (pseudonym of Azorean Portuguese educator, historian and journalist Antonio Maria de Freitas; Feb. 10, 1859-Aug. 1, 1923) and Jewish Portuguese press correspondent (Mada) Regina Maney (1834-Nov. 4, 1894) in their genealogical study, The Wife of Christopher Columbus, published in 1893 (page 26).

Filipa's paternal great-grandparents, Gabriele Palestrello and Bartholine Biforti, alternatively spelled as Bartholomine Biforti, claimed Italy as their homeland. ". . . Messire Gabriele Palestrello, a native of the city of Placenzia, in Lombardy, and . . . his wife, Madama Bartholine Biforti, . . . both died in the place of their birth and residence," reported Florentino (de Freitas) and Maney (page 15).

Philippone Palestrello, Gabriele and Bartholine's son and Filippa's paternal grandfather, immigrated to Portugal. "Philippone, or Philip Palestrello, is the first Perestrello we encounter in Portugal, toward the end of the fourteenth century, among many other countrymen of his who came to this country in search of fortune" (page 15).

The association with the north central Italian region of Lombardy occurs in the ancestries of Christopher Columbus and his wife, Filipa Moniz Perestrello. This commonality raises interesting questions, such as possible interactions among their ancestors in Lombardy.

Piacenza (upper center; southeast of Milan) in Visconti dominions (green) at death of Gian Galeazzo Visconti (Oct. 16, 1351-Sep. 3, 1402), Lord of Milan (Italian: Signore di Milano; May 6, 1385-Sep. 5, 1395) and then first Duke of Milan (Italian: primo Duca di Milano; Sep. 5, 1395-Sep. 3, 1402): -kayac-, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Coat of arms used by Perestrello family in Italy features four 8-pointed stars, with one on the shoulder of the crest's lion and three in the escutcheon's right field; N. Florentino (A.M. de Freitas) and R. Maney, The Wife of Columbus (1893), verso front cover: Public Domain, via Library of Congress @ https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcmassbookdig.wifeofcolumbus00frei/?sp=1; LOC unaware of copyright restrictions, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/wifeofcolumbus00frei; via Wikimedia Commons @ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/The_wife_of_Columbus_%28IA_wifeofcolumbus00frei%29.pdf

Bandelier, Ad. F. (Adolph Francis Alphonse). "Columbus, Christopher (It. Cristoforo Colombo; Sp. Cristoval Colon)." Vol. IV, pages 140-149. In: Charles George Herbermann, Edward A. Pace, Condé Bénoist Pallen, Thomas J. Shahan and John J. Wynne, eds., The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church. In fifteen volumes. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/07470918.4.emory.edu/page/140/mode/2up

Benigni, U. (Mgr. Umberto). (1911). "Piacenza." Vol. XII, pages 6-71. In: Charles George Herbermann, Edward A. Pace, Condé Bénoist Pallen, Thomas J. Shahan and John J. Wynne, eds., The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church. In fifteen volumes. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911.
Available @ https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12069a.htm
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/07470918.12.emory.edu/page/69/mode/1up

Black, Jane. Absolutism in Renaissance Milan. Plenitude of Power Under the Visconti and the Sforza 1329–1535. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

Bueno de Mesquita, Daniel Meredith. Giangaleazzo Visconti, Duke of Milan (1351-1402): A Study in the Political Career of an Italian Despot. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1941.

Colombo, Fernando; and Alfonso Ulloa, transl. Historie del S.D. Fernando Colombo; Nelle quali s'ha particolare, & vera relatione della vita, & de' fatti dell'Ammiraglio D. Christoforo Colombo, ſuo padre: et dello ſcoprimento, ch'egli fece dell'Indie Occidentali, dette Mondo Nuovo, hora poſſedute dal Sereniſs. Re Catolico: Nuovamente di lingua Spagnuola tradotte nell'Italiana dal S. Alfonſo Ulloa. Venetia: Appreſſo Franceſco de' Franceſchi Saneſe, MDLXXI [1571].
Available via Gallica BnF (Bibliothèque nationale de France) @ https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58802t.image
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_qOHnTmUJTxQC/
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/historiedelsdfer00coln/

de Menil, Alexander N., ed. "A Literary Chapter: Regina Maney." The Hesperian, vol. 1, no. 4 (February-April 1895): 145-146.
Available via Google Books @ https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Hesperian/IDM1AAAAMAAJ

Florentino, Nicolau (Antonio Maria de Freitas); and Regina Maney, transl. "1. Jacintho de Pina Loureiro, perhaps the most conscientious of genealogists, who does not despise the most trifling indication, and who always bases his extensive work on irrefutable proofs and documents in the Torre de Tombo, tells us that the above document still existed at the beginning of the seventeenth century, in the possession of Donna Leonor Lobo Perestrello, who was then the wife of Diogo Saldanha, and that it was through it that it became known who were her ancestors and which the arms this family used in Italy. Tne arms of the Perestrellos are: Escutcheon perpendicularly divided; on the first field, in gold, a purple lion set off with red; on the second, on silver field, a blue band traversing it; on it three stars, of eight points each, between six red roses, three and three in horizontal line. Crest: A lion like on the escutcheon, with an eight-pointed star on its shoulder." Page 16, footnote 1. The Wife of Columbus, With Genealogical Tree of the Perestrello and Moniz Families. New York NY: Press of Stettiner, Lambert & Co., 1893.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/wifeofcolumbus00frei/page/16/mode/1up
Available via Library of Congress @ https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcmassbookdig.wifeofcolumbus00frei/?sp=34
Available via Wikimedia Commons @ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/The_wife_of_Columbus_%28IA_wifeofcolumbus00frei%29.pdf

Florentino, Nicolau (Antonio Maria de Freitas); and Regina Maney, transl. "Philippone, or Philip Palestrello, is the first Perestrello we encounter in Portugal, toward the end of the fourteenth century, among many other countrymen of his who came to this country in search of fortune. Philippone was son of Messire Gabriele Palestrello, a native of the city of Placenzia, in Lombardy, and of his wife, Madama Bartholine Biforti, who both died in the place of their birth and residence." Page 15. The Wife of Columbus, With Genealogical Tree of the Perestrello and Moniz Families. New York NY: Press of Stettiner, Lambert & Co., 1893.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/wifeofcolumbus00frei/page/15/mode/1up
Available via Library of Congress @ https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcmassbookdig.wifeofcolumbus00frei/?sp=33
Available via Wikimedia Commons @ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/The_wife_of_Columbus_%28IA_wifeofcolumbus00frei%29.pdf

Florentino, Nicolau (Antonio Maria de Freitas); and Regina Maney, transl. The Wife of Columbus, With Genealogical Tree of the Perestrello and Moniz Families. New York NY: Press of Stettiner, Lambert & Co., 1893.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/wifeofcolumbus00frei
Available via Library of Congress @ https://www.loc.gov/item/02012544/
Available via Wikimedia Commons @ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/The_wife_of_Columbus_%28IA_wifeofcolumbus00frei%29.pdf

Keen, Benjamin, transl. and annot. The Life Of The Admiral Christopher Columbus By His Son Ferdinand. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1959.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.185547/mode/2up

Marriner, Derdriu. "Christopher Columbus's Wife Was Madeiran But Was He Really Genoese?" Earth and Space News. Thursday, Oct. 13, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/christopher-columbuss-wife-was-madeiran.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Ferdinand Columbus Biographized His Father as Italian But Born Where?" Earth and Space News. Thursday, Oct. 20, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/ferdinand-columbus-biographized-his.html

Taviani, Paolo Emilio. "Perestrelo y Moniz, Felipa (c. 1454-c. 1484)." Page 540. In: Silvio A. Bedini, ed., The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia, vol. 2. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/christophercolum00bedi/page/540/mode/1up

Urbano, Andrea. "PIACENZA, l’eterna sposa mancata di Milano: 5 motivi per farla diventare LOMBARDA." Milano Città Stato > Milano > Grande Milano. Sep. 14, 2020.
Available @ https://www.milanocittastato.it/grande-milano/eterna-sposa-mancata/

Wednesday, October 26, 2022

Nov. 8 Total Lunar Eclipse Is Second of Two 2022 Total Lunar Eclipses

Summary: The Nov. 8 total lunar eclipse is the second of two 2022 total lunar eclipses and the fourth and last eclipse in the year's lineup of four eclipses.

Tuesday, Nov. 8, 2022, total lunar eclipse details: "Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA's GSFC," via NASA Eclipse Web Site

The Nov. 8 total lunar eclipse is the second of two 2022 total lunar eclipses and the fourth and last eclipse in the year's four-eclipse lineup of two partial solar eclipses and two total lunar eclipses.

Continentally, the Tuesday, Nov. 8, total lunar eclipse favors parts of northeastern Asia, a slice of Australia's easternmost bulge, easternmost and northernmost Europe and northern and western North America with all eclipse visibility, according to the NASA Eclipse Web Site. The Russian Far East, northeasternmost China and much of Japan qualify for northeastern Asia's all eclipse visibility. Arctic Ocean islands join northernmost Europe's Norwegian Svalbard Archipelago and much of easternmost Europe's Novaya Zemlya Archipelago in eligibility for all eclipse visibility. All eclipse visibility is available to Northern America's western and much of central and northern Canada; northern Greenland; and the western United States. Both Alaska and Hawaii experience all eclipse visibility.

Oceanically, the Tuesday, Nov. 8, total lunar eclipse favors the entire Arctic Ocean with all eclipse visibility. A small part of the Southern Ocean and much of the central, northeastern and western Pacific Ocean are eligible for all eclipse visibility.

Africa is the only continent that is excluded from eclipse visibility.

Onset of a penumbral eclipse (P1), in which first exterior contact takes place between the moon and Earth's penumbra, the fainter, outer region of Earth's shadow, signals the start of November's total lunar eclipse. The penumbral eclipse starts Tuesday, Nov. 8, 08:02:17 Universal Time (3:02 a.m. Eastern Standard Time).

The event's partial umbral eclipse begins with the first exterior contact between the moon and Earth's umbra (U1), the dark, inner portion of Earth's shadow, initiates the event's partial umbral eclipse. The partial umbral eclipse begins 09:09:12 UT (4:09 a.m. EST).

First interior contact between the moon and Earth's umbra (U2) initiates the event's total lunar eclipse. The Tuesday, Nov. 8, total lunar eclipse starts at 10:16:39 UT (5:16 a.m. EST).

The instant of greatest eclipse's closest lunar passage to the umbra's axis represents the eclipse's maximum phase. The Tuesday, Nov. 8, event attains its instant of greatest eclipse at 10:59:08.8 UT (5:59 a.m. EST).

The last exterior contact between the moon and Earth's umbra (U3) terminates the event's total lunar eclipse. The Tuesday, Nov. 8, total lunar eclipse ends at 11:41:37 UT (6:41 a.m. EST).

The last exterior contact between the moon and Earth's umbra (U4) closes the partial umbral eclipse. The partial umbral eclipse finishes Tuesday, Nov. 8, at 12:49:03 UT (7:49 a.m. EST).

The penumbral eclipse ends with the last exterior contact between the moon and Earth's penumbra (P4). The event's penumbral eclipses closes Monday, May 16, at 13:56:08 UT (8:56 a.m. EST).

The NASA Eclipse Web Site includes eclipse durations calculated by NASA astrophysicist, now retired, Fred Espenak. The Tuesday, Nov. 8, lunar event's penumbral eclipse had a duration of 05 hours 53 minutes 51 seconds. The event's partial umbral eclipse endured for 03 hours 39 minutes 50 seconds. The event's total umbral eclipse lasted for 01 hour 24 minutes 58 seconds.

On his EclipseWise website, Fred Espenak locates the moon in Aries the Ram constellation during the Tuesday, Nov. 8, lunar eclipse. The northern celestial hemisphere constellation neighbors with Pisces the Fishes constellation to the west and Taurus the Bull to the east.

Espenak's EclipseWise also situates the event's instant of greatest eclipse as preceding lunar apogee, or farthest center-to-center distance between Earth and its moon, by 5.8 days. The month's lunar apogee took place Monday, Nov. 14, at 06:42 UTC (1:42 a.m. EST), at a distance of 404,923 kilometers, according to computer programmer and computer-aided design (CAD) software company Autodesk co-founder John Walker's Fourmilab Switzerland website.

The Tuesday, Nov. 8, total lunar eclipse occurs as the second of two total lunar eclipses in 2022 and as the fourth of the year's four eclipses. The year's first total lunar eclipse took place Monday, May 16, as the year's second eclipse. The May total lunar eclipse's predecessor, the partial solar eclipse of Saturday, April 30, initiated the year's eclipse lineup as the year's first eclipse and as the first of the year's two partial solar eclipses. The year's second partial solar eclipse took place Tuesday, Oct. 25, as the year's third of four eclipses.

The takeaways for the Nov. 8 total lunar eclipse as the second of two 2022 total lunar eclipses are that November's lunar eclipse favors only one ocean, the Arctic Ocean, with all eclipse visibility; that the November event's continental all-eclipse visibility extends to extreme parts of Asia, Australia and Europe and to parts of North America; that Africa is the only continent with no eclipse visibility; and that November's total lunar eclipse numbers as the fourth, closing eclipse of 2022.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

Earth's orientation, as viewed from the moon's center during the Tuesday, Nov. 8, 2022, total lunar eclipse's greatest eclipse: SockPuppetForTomruen at English Wikipedia, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lunar_eclipse_from_moon-2022Nov08.png

For further information:

Espenak, Fred. "Key to Figures of Lunar Eclipses." EclipseWise > Lunar Eclipses > LE Help.
Available @ http://eclipsewise.com/lunar/LEhelp/LEpingkey.html

Espenak, Fred. "Total Lunar Eclipse of 2022 Nov 08." EclipseWise > Lunar Eclipses > Recent and Upcoming Lunar Eclipses > Decade Tables of Lunar Eclipses > Lunar Eclipses: 2021-2030.
Available @ http://eclipsewise.com/lunar/LEprime/2001-2100/LE2022Nov08Tprime.html

Espenak, Fred. "Total Lunar Eclipse of 2022 Nov 08." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Lunar Eclipses > Decade Long Tables of Past and Future Lunar Eclipses > Lunar Eclipses: 2021-2030.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEplot/LEplot2001/LE2022Nov08T.pdf

Espenak, Fred; and Jean Meeus. "Explanation of Lunar Eclipse Figures." NASA Eclipse Web Site.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEcat5/figure.html#

Marriner, Derdriu. "May 16 Total Lunar Eclipse Is First of Two 2022 Total Lunar Eclipses." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, May 4, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/may-16-total-lunar-eclipse-is-first-of.html

Time and Date. "November 8, 2022 Total Lunar Eclipse (Blood Moon)." Time and Date > Sun & Moon > Eclipses.
Available @ https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/2022-november-8

Walker, John. "Lunar Perigee and Apogee Calculator." Fourmilab Switzerland > Earth and Moon Viewer and Solar System Explorer. Available @ https://www.fourmilab.ch/earthview/pacalc.html

Tuesday, October 25, 2022

Indian Rice Affirms Area Affluence in Snjóblinda, Anglicized Snowblind

Summary: Indian rice affirms area affluence in Snjóblinda, anglicized Snowblind, first thriller in the Dark Iceland sextet about Ari Thor Arason by Ragnar Jónasson.

Iceland angles into third place, after fellow Nordic countries Finland and Norway, in the top 10 of coffee-consuming countries, according to Kristine Bernard's article "The Top Coffee-Consuming Countries" of Aug. 6, 2020, for Worldatlas.com. Siglufjörður Detective Inspector Ari Thór Arason and Dramatic Society play female lead, fish-processing plant employee and piano teacher Ugla are in the minority in appreciating tea over coffee, the latter of which appears as most popular drink among the seaside village inhabitants: Bamse, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Indian rice as an appetizing, hot carryout affirms area affluence in Snjóblinda, anglicized Snowblind, first thriller in the Dark Iceland sextet about Siglufjörður Detective Inspector Ari Thór Arason by author Ragnar Jónasson.

Perhaps bamboo, basmati (from Hindi बासमती, “fragrant”), brown or indrayani (from Hindi इन्द्रायणी, “raindrop-possessing path”) rice bring a burglar to a mansion with a wall safe. The Indian eatery on the side-street claims its clientele long after the crime even as the criminal and in fact nobody else consume rice, Indian and non-Indian, thereafter. The denizen who darts there from her detached domicile in Copenhagen, Denmark, does not describe what she desires to drink with chicken curry and rice carryouts.

Ale, beer, coffee, milk, orange juice, red wine, tea, tequila and whisky emerge as the liquid refreshments that Icelanders enjoy in Siglufjörður in extreme central-northern Iceland.

Ugla (“owl”) favors hot tea even as she fits in a weekly coffee time with author and Dramatic Society chairman Hrólfur (“proud wolf”) Kristjánsson (“Christ-bearer’s son”).

Policemen Ari (“eagle”) Thór (“thunder”) Arason (“eagle’s son”), Hlynur (“maple tree”) and Tómas (“twin”) get their coffee from Siglufjörður (Romanized Siglufjördur, “mast fjord”) station’s coffee corner. Tómas has coffee hot and strong even as Ari Thór has coffee black at the station and with sugar-rolled pancakes with the lawyer Thorsteinn (“thunder stone”). Coffee is what Hlynur ingests at his desk near coffee supplies and wherever he invites a Reykjavík journalist a few years before Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2009.

Perhaps Siglufjörður residents in Snjóblinda, anglicized Snowblind, unlike Kaupmannahöfn (Copenhagen, literally “merchant[‘s] harbor”) residents, never judge area affluence by their journey time for carryout Indian rice.

Chicken curry and Indian rice kindle no appetites in Siglufjörður, whose Co-op keeps beef mince, chicken breasts, chicken drumsticks, haddock, halibut, herring, trout and smoked pork.

Ari Thór likes haddock, halibut, herring and trout fillets and smoked rack of lamb from the fresh fish and fresh meat sections in the Co-op shop. He mentions that his mother always made cooked haddock for Monday meals even as he munches upon pan-fried herring fillets minimally salted and savory halibut fillets. He nestles into traditional niches with canned Christmas ale from the Town Hall Square liquor shop around the corner from the police station and smoked pork.

Area affluence occasions Ari Thór obtaining traditional smoked rack of Co-op pork, not non-traditional chicken curry and Indian rice, Christmas Eve 2008 in Snjóblinda, anglicized Snowblind.

Linda (“lime tree” literally, Tilia x europaea scientifically) prefers their haddock dinners to husband Karl’s beer- and coffee-toted poker games and tequila with lime and salt.

Ari Thór and Karl quest fresh fish like nobody else in Siglufjörður, apart Sandra (“man’s little defenderess”), former herring-barrel salter and present old people’s home resident. Nína (“goddess” or “little grace”) relishes orange juice with twisted doughnuts from the Dramatic Society table of cakes, doughnuts and pancakes for rehearsal cast and crew. Hrólfur shares coffee, into which he sometimes sneaks whisky when sipping solo, and red wine with Dramatic Society play director Pálmi (“Pole”?) and playwright Úlfur (“wolf”).

Area affluence in Snjóblinda, anglicized Snowblind, triggers Ari Thór taking bakery rolls alone, cereal with ice-cold milk and Ugla’s red wine without coffee, tea or pastries.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

Chicken curry with Indian rice announces the area affluence of a side-street Indian eatery just five minutes away from a detached, posh domicile in the Copenhagen, Denmark, component of Snjóblinda, anglicized Snowblind, by Ragnar Jónasson. There are Indian eateries in Reykjavík ("smoky bay") and, perhaps 1.25 hours by road 82 from Siglufjörður ("mast fjord"), in Akureyri ("field sandbank"); Hannah Glasse, The Art of Cookery; A New Edition (177), p. 101: Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/59182138; No copyright, via Smithsonian Libraries @ https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/artofcookerymad00glas; Not in copyright, via Internet Archive @ https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/artofcookerymad00glas; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hannah_Glasse_To_make_a_Currey_the_Indian_Way_1758_edition.jpg

For further information:

"About Us." Westfjords Winery.
Available @ https://www.fjordswinery.com/aboutus

Amazing Places. 21 August 2012. "Ellidaey Island (Elliðaey), Iceland." Amazing Places on Earth, Places to Visit > Europe.
Available @ https://amazingplacesonearth.com/ellidaey-island-ellidaey-iceland/

Árnað heilla. 28 August 2015. "Freysteinn Gunnarsson." mbl.is > The People > Means Icelanders.
Available @ https://www-mbl-is.translate.goog/greinasafn/grein/1565665/?_x_tr_sl=is&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc

Baicich, Paul J.; and Colin J.O. Harrison. 2005. "Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus)." Pages 109-110. In: Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds. Princeton Field Guides. Second edition. Princeton NJ USA; and Oxford UK: Princeton University Press.

Bernard, Kristine. 6 August 2020. "The Top Coffee-Consuming Countries." Worldatlas.com.
Available @ https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-10-coffee-consuming-nations.html

Bjarnadóttir-Covert, Ásta; and Will Covert. "Bessa: bear." Flying C Ranch Icelandic Horses > Site Map > Sales > Icelandic Horse Names > B. Copyright 2004-2021.
Available @ https://www.tolt.net/names.html#b

Blackie, C. “Scale, Skali (Scand.), Sheal, Shealing (Scotch), a hut or shed; e.g. Scalby, Scaleby (hut town); Scalloway (the huts on the bay, vig), Shetland; Galashiels (the huts on the R. Gala); Biggarshiels (the huts near the town of Biggar); Shields, North and South, originally a collection of fishermen’s huts; but as scald, in the Scandinavian language means a bard, that word is likely to form an element in the names of places; Scalewell in probably the bard’s well; Skalholt, in Iceland, may be the bard’s hill.” Pages 141-142. In: C. Blackie, Etymological Dictionary. With an Introduction by John Stuart Blackie. Second Edition. London [England, UK]: Daldy, Isbister, & Co., 1876.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 20 September 2022. "Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died, Archives Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 13 September 2022. "Ham and Ptarmigan Are Christmas Meats in Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 6 September 2022. "Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died, Acquaints Us With Davíd Stefánsson." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 30 August 2022. "Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died, Alludes to Thorsteinn Th. Thorsteinsson." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 23 August 2022. "Five Deaths Affect 16 Lives in Thorpid, Anglicized The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2022. "Ring Road Accesses Northeast Iceland for Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 9 August 2022. "Outside, Anglicized From Úti, Appends Party of Two." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 2 August 2022. "Outside, Anglicized From Úti, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 26 July 2022. "Icelandic Rock Ptarmigans Avoid Blizzards and Hunters in Outside." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 19 July 2022. "Veröld Accepted Icelandic Standalone Novel Úti, Anglicized Outside." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 12 July 2022. "Victoria Cribb Anglicizes Icelandic Standalone Novel Úti Into Outside." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 5 July 2022. "Four Friends and One Enemy Are Indoors in Outside, Anglicized from Úti." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 28 June 2022. "Adverse Weather Afflicts East Iceland in Outside, Anglicized From Úti." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 21 June 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized The Mist, Appends The Silence of the Falling Snow." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2022. "Mistur, as The Mist, Appends Christmas Apples by Katrín Guðjónsdóttir." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized The Mist, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2022. "Hulda Ate Icelandic Food Christmas Eve in Mistur, Anglicized The Mist." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 24 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized The Mist, Acknowledges Halldór Laxness at Christmas." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 3 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized as The Mist, Angles Ring Road Along Coastal Iceland." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 26 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized The Island, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 19 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized The Island, Allows Icelandic Cuisine Takeout Pizza." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized as The Island, Acquaints Us With Bessastadir." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 5 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized as The Island, Asks What Einar Benediktsson Avers." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 29 March 2022. "Seven Deaths Afflict One Detective in Drungi, Anglicized as The Island." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 22 March 2022. "Fjords and Isles Are Accessible in Drungi, Anglicized as The Island." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 15 March 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized The Darkness, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 8 March 2022. "Icelandic Cuisine Americanizes Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 1 March 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness, Accesses Bishop Jón Vídalín For Us." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Monday, October 24, 2022

Gianni Schicchi Opens April 28 as 2022-2023 HOT Season's Third Opera

Summary: Puccini's Gianni Schicchi opens April 28 as the third 2022-2023 HOT season opera and closes the lineup of The Secret Garden and The Elixir of Love.

Puccini's Gianni Schicchi opens April 28 as the third 2022-2023 HOT season opera and closes the lineup that featured autumn's The Secret Garden and winter's The Elixir of Love.

Gianni Schicchi receives two performances in the comic opera's debut season at Hawai'i Opera Theatre (HOT). Opening night is scheduled for Friday, April 28, at 7:30 p.m. A closing matinee takes place Sunday, April 30, at 4:00 p.m.

Gianni Schicchi will be performed in Italian, along with English supertitles. The performance lasts for approximately one hour. No intermission is scheduled.

Gianni Schicchi (pronounce: jahn-nee skee-kee) by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924) numbers as the third installment of Il Trittico (The Triptych), a collection of three one-act operas. The Italian libretto, written by Italian librettist and playwright Giovacchino Forzano (Nov. 19, 1884-Oct. 28, 1970), traces to an episode in Canto XXX of the first cantica, Inferno, of Divina Commedia (Divine Comedy) by medieval Italian poet Dante Alighieri (May/June 1265-Sep. 14, 1321). The Metropolitan Opera hosted Il Trittico's premiere Saturday, Dec. 1918. The unrelated trio received seven performances in its premiere season.

Mark Morash conducts both performances of the 2022-2023 HOT season's third, closing opera. The Canadian conductor and pianist had made his HOT debut in the 2016-2017 season's three performances (Friday, Jan. 27; Sunday, Jan. 29; Tuesday, Jan. 31) of A Streetcar Named Desire by German-American composer, conductor and pianist André George Previn (born Andreas Ludwig Priwin, April 6, 1929-Feb. 28, 2019).

Gregory Keller (born July 1, 1974) directs the 2022-2023 HOT season's production of Gianni Schicchi. The American stage director had made his HOT debut in the 2021-2022 season's three performances (Friday, April 8; Sunday, April 10; Tuesday, April 12) of Puccini's Madame Butterfly (Madama Butterfly).

Joshua Jeremiah sings the title role of a clever father who enriches himself and secures a happy marriage for his daughter, Lauretta, by impersonating the deceased Buoso Donati. The American baritone's appearances mark his HOT debut.

Brian Vu appears as Rinuccio, whose Aunt Zita, deceased Buoso Donati's cousin, conditions her nephew's marriage upon relatives replacing a monastery as benefactors of Donati's will. The American tenor's performances as Rinuccio mark his HOT debut.

Blythe Kelsey portrays Zita, cousin of the deceased Buoso Donati and aunt of lovestruck Rinuccio. The Hawaiian mezzo-soprano most recently performed in the 2021-2022 season's two performances (Friday, March 11; Sunday, March 13) of Re-Emerging: HOT Live in Concert, Hawai'i Opera Theatre's celebration of the opera company's resumption of live performances. Since the age of 12, she has been associated with HOT productions, according to her biography on the concert's page at Hawai'i Opera Theatre's website. Blythe Iakuinipua'okahana Kelsey, sister of Hawaiian baritone and Met Opera singer Quinn Kamakanalani Kelsey, serves as HOT's Director of Artistic Administration.

Leslie Goldman performs as Nella, wife of Buoso Donati's nephew Gherardo and mother of Gherardino. The American mezzo-soprano's portrayal of Nella numbers as her second role in the 2022-2023 HOT season. She sang the maternal role of Susan Sowerby in the season opener, The Secret Garden by American composer and musicologist Nolan Ira Gasser (born Nov. 10, 1964).

Leslie's and Blythe Kelsey's appearances in Gianni Schicchi mark their second consecutive season of HOT production sharing. Leslie joined Blythe in the 2021-2022 season's Re-Emerging HOT in Concert.

Leslie's HOT repertoire also intersects with Blythe's brother. In the 2018-2019 season, Quinn and Leslie were cast in La Traviata by Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901). Quinn sang Giorgio Germont, whose son loves courtesan Violetta Valéry. Leslie sang Annina, maid to la traviata ("the fallen woman").

Robert Feng sings Betto di Segna, Buoso Donati's impoverished brother-in-law. His portrayal of Betto in the 2022-2023 season's closing opera numbers as the season's second role for the Chinese-American bass. He appeared as gardener Ben Weatherstaff in the season's opener.

Puerto Rican bass Ricardo Lugo leads a trio of inheritance-seeking relatives in his portrayal of Simone, another Donati cousin. American tenor and The University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa's Music Department Chair Larry (Laurence) Paxton appears as Simone's son, Marco. American mezzo-soprano Laurie Rubin sings La Ciesca, Marco's wife.

American tenor and Executive Director of Manoa Valley Theatre Kip Wilborn performs in two roles in Gianni Schicchi. He sings Maestro Spinelloccio, Buoso Donati's doctor, who mistakes Gianni Schicchi's mimicry for his patient's voice, and Ser Amantio di Nicolao, the unsuspecting notary who records a new will dictated by Donati impersonator Gianni Schicchi.

Puccini's Gianni Schicchi closes Hawai'i Opera Theatre as the 2022-2023 HOT season's third opera. The season marks the 62nd year of performances for the opera company. Hawai'i Opera Theatre's first opera, Puccini's Madama Butterfly, received three performances (Saturday, March 4; Sunday, March 5; Tuesday, March 7) in 1961.

Puccini's Zita is sung by Blythe Iakuinipua'okahana Kelsey, sister of world-famous Hawaiian baritone Quinn Kamakanalani Kelsey; photo of Blythe (center) with music-loving parents, Debbie and Christopher "Chris" Kelsey: Hawaii Opera Theatre, via Facebook Oct. 20, 2020

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

Hawai'i Opera Theatre's closing 2022-2023 opera, Puccini's Gianni Schicchi, hilariously preposterizes an event in Divina Commedia (Divine Comedy) by medieval Italian poet Dante Alighieri (May/June 1265-Sep. 14, 1321): Hawaii Opera Theatre, via Facebook July 20, 2022, @ https://www.facebook.com/HawaiiOpera/posts/pfbid0KfwtbC7NfJ32xkn1jWFQD5nVXh3ec4z48Kwx4DuzvXQzMKsgLrKsNuDjY7wzy7kAl

Crean, Elisabeth A. "Love for opera keeps the Kelsey family close-knit." Honolulu Star-Bulletin > Features. March 28, 1996.
Available @ http://archives.starbulletin.com/96/03/28/features/story2.html

Frolic Hawai'i. "Catch up with Quinn Kelsey & win tickets to HOT’s ‘Rigoletto." Honolulu Magazine. June 21, 2016.
Available @ https://www.honolulumagazine.com/catch-up-with-quinn-kelsey-win-tickets-to-hots-rigoletto/

Hawaii Opera Theatre. "Closing the season in April, we have Gianni Schicchi, a hilarious one-act farce filled with ridiculous plans, hijinks, and trickery. This is the perfect opera for first-timers, and even though it's brief, it will leave you in stitches while humming Puccini’s glorious melodies. #OperaSeason #ExpericneOpera #SubscribeAndSave #TheSecretGarden #ElixerOfLove #GianniSchicchi #OperaIsForEveryone #Honolulu #HonoluluEvents #Music #Song #LocalTalent #Blaisdell #Opera #LastShowOfTheSeason #Hawaii #Aloha⁠ #Florence." Facebook. July 20, 2022.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/HawaiiOpera/posts/pfbid0KfwtbC7NfJ32xkn1jWFQD5nVXh3ec4z48Kwx4DuzvXQzMKsgLrKsNuDjY7wzy7kAl

Hawaii Opera Theatre. "Our 2022/2023 season features three productions that all celebrate light and life! We're excited to announce the first production this season, The Secret Garden. One of the most beloved children's stories blossoms on stage this October with The Secret Garden, an enchanting opera that the whole family will love! This inspiring story -- in a new production featuring a tropical flair -- shows how lives can be transformed when our imagination is unlocked. ⁠Stay tuned to discover which show is next! With tickets starting as low as $30, we invite you to experience opera with aloha this season! ⁠#OperaSeason #ExpericneOpera #SubscribeAndSave #TheSecretGarden #OperaIsForEveryone #Honolulu #HonoluluEvents #Music #Song #LocalTalent #Blaisdell #Opera #Sing #FirstShowOfTheSeason #WhatsNext." Facebook. July 18, 2022.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/HawaiiOpera/posts/pfbid02ywXnNXAXje4LeWhyC258fhx9drwLJY2phpF2Fr5wsQsj4zUngwTmjJztYDaTkzMzl

Hawaii Opera Theatre. "We send aloha and condolences to the Kelsey 'Ohana, who mourn the passing of Debbie Kelsey. A long-time member of the HOT Chorus, she gave the gift of music to the HOT 'Ohana and has inspired countless generations through her work at University Lab School, Central Union Church, Kamehameha Schools Kapālama, Prince Kūhiō Hawaiian Civic Club, and the Queen Emma Hawaiian Civic Club. She will be remembered, missed, and celebrated. #restinaloha." Facebook. Oct. 20, 2020.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/HawaiiOpera/posts/10157890317772712/

Hawai'i Opera Theatre. "3 Productions You Don't Want to Miss: Introducing Our 2022-2023 Season." Hawai'i Opera Theatre > What's New.
Available @ https://www.hawaiiopera.org/3-productions-you-dont-want-to-miss-introducing-our-2022-2023-season/

Hawai'i Opera Theatre. "2016-2017: A Streetcar Named Desire January 27, 29, & 31, 2017." Hawai'i Opera Theatre > Shows > Past Productions.
Available @ https://www.hawaiiopera.org/streetcar-named-desire/

Hawai'i Opera Theatre. "2023 HOT Opera Season." Hawai'i Opera Theatre > 2023 HOT Opera Season.
Available @ https://www.hawaiiopera.org/2023-hot-opera-season/

Hawai'i Opera Theatre. "Blythe Iakuinipua'okahana Kelsey." Hawai'i Opera Theatre > Shows > Past Productions > Re-Emerging: HOT Live in Concert.
Available @ https://www.hawaiiopera.org/re-emerging/

Hawai'i Opera Theatre. "Conductor: Mark Morash* *HOT Debut." Hawai'i Opera Theatre > Shows > Past Productions > A Streetcar Named Desire.
Available @ https://www.hawaiiopera.org/streetcar-named-desire/

Hawai'i Opera Theatre. "Gianni Schicchi: Learn More." Hawai'i Opera Theatre > 2023 HOT Opera Season.
Available @ https://www.hawaiiopera.org/2023-hot-opera-season/gianni-schicchi-live-at-the-blaisdell/

Hawai'i Opera Theatre. "Gregory Keller HOT Debut Yes." Hawai'i Opera Theatre > Shows > Past Productions > Madame Butterfly.
Available @ https://www.hawaiiopera.org/madame-butterfly/

Marriner, Derdriu. "The Elixir of Love Opens Feb. 17 as Second 2022-2023 HOT Season Opera." Earth and Space News. Oct. 17, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/the-elixir-of-love-opens-feb-17-as.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Hawai'i Opera Theatre Has Three Operas in Joy-Themed 2022-2023 Season." Earth and Space News. Monday, Oct. 3, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/hawaii-opera-theatre-has-three-operas.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Il Trittico Is the Dec. 8, 2018, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast." Earth and Space News. Monday, Dec. 3, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/il-trittico-is-dec-8-2018-met-opera.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Kathleen Howard Created Zita in Puccini's Gianni Schicchi at Met Opera." Earth and Space News. Monday, July 12, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/kathleen-howard-created-zita-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Kathleen Howard Honed Zita With One Gianni Schicchi and Nine Laurettas." Earth and Space News. Monday, July 19, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/kathleen-howard-honed-zita-with-one.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Quinn Kelsey Has Tallied Nine Met Roles, Seven Operas, 90 Performances." Earth and Space News. Monday, Sep. 26, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/quinn-kelsey-has-tallied-nine-met-roles.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Quinn Kelsey Sings Amonasro, Marcello, Rigoletto at Met in 2022-2023." Earth and Space News. Monday, Sep. 19, 2022.
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Marriner, Derdriu. "The Secret Garden Opens 2022-2023 Hawai'i Opera Theatre Season Oct. 14." Earth and Space News. Monday, Oct. 10, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/the-secret-garden-opens-2022-2023.html

"World Premiere Il Trittico {1} Il Tabarro {1} Suor Angelica {1} Gianni Schicchi {1}." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 70380 World Premiere Il Trittico {1} Il Tabarro {1} Suor Angelica {1} Gianni Schicchi {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/14/1918.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=70380