Earth and Space News

Friday, July 27, 2018

Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Aldermen Interviews July 29, 1303

Summary: One alderman each from London's 24 city wards told the king's justices about 33 Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid burglars and beneficiaries.

One alderman each from London's 24 city wards appeared July 29, 1303, before the king's appointed justices at the Guildhall to attest to the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid burglars and beneficiaries.

The 24 aldermen's testimonies bore upon six questions brought up by King Edward I's (June 17, 1239-July 7, 1307) letter June 6, 1303, to his appointees. Edward considered crucial to "a hasty remedy" clarifying Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid "malefactors"; knowers; assistants, counselors and helpers; recipients; carryout method and itemization; and whereabouts. The king's appointed investigator distilled the six questions June 16, 1303, into a proclamation directed at discoverers, knowers, purchasers, recipients and sellers of stolen royal treasures.

The four justices entered each London meeting place with clerks, coroners, criers, guards, mayor, servants and sheriffs for encounters with each ward's 12- to 24-member jury.

Firefighting, law-enforcing Londoners, citizens by apprenticeship to seven-plus-year functioning tradesmen, inheritance of a trade or purchase from aldermen, the London Chamberlain and Mayor, filled ward juries.

Justices John Bakewell, Ralph de Sandwich, Roger de Southcote and Walter of Gloucester gathered at the Bishop of London's Palace near St. Paul's July 3, 1303. They heard Bishopsgate, Bread Street, Cordwainstreet, Cripplegate, Farringdon Ward and Queenshithe, and July 4, Alegate, Billingsgate, Bridge Ward, Candlewick Street, Castle Baynard, Cornhill and Walbrook, juries. They interviewed July 4, 5 and 6 goldsmiths at the Guildhall, Middlesex shire juries at Westminster's Great Hall and Suffolk juries and Surrey hundreds at Southwark.

Only Bishopsgate Ward jeopardized the proceedings with their judging that "The jurors say that they know nothing about the 'articles' under which they are being questioned."

Like jurors, aldermen knew Westminster Abbey sacristan Adam de Warfield, subprior Alexander de Pershore and treasurer Thomas de Dene as "ordainers and contrivers in the burglary." They learned that mason John of St. Albans, his servant John and Richard de Puddlicott "broke into the Treasury" and "carried away the Treasure and jewels." They mentioned that cellarer Roger de Prestok and monks Robert de Cherring, John de Noteley, John de Prescot and Thomas de Lichfield "were aiders and abetters." They likewise noted that St. Arnold's valet Walter, Keeper of the Palace John Shenche's valet William and Warfield's pages Adam and Roger "were aiders and abetters."

Puddlicott, who respectively offered William Torel and Walter de Walpole two and three gold rings, obtained £2,200 in coronels, gold girdles and silver cups and dishes.

Puddlicott provided girdler Geoffrey de Bradley with 14 pounds 15 shillings in silver-plate and goldsmith John de Bridgeford with 70 shillings in gold and oriental pearls.

John of Newmarket queued up three gems and 6 shillings in gold and, for Imania la/La Porteresse, 20 shillings in gems for Nicholas de Saint Botulpho. Imania reaped 42 shillings from gems to goldsmith Thomas Frowick who revealed four emeralds and five rubies from John of Newmarket at the Guildhall July 4. John de Uggele, John and William de Kynebaston and Alice and Castanea Barber spent May 3-5, 1303, near Fleet Prison days and nights, armed, in Westminster.

Twenty-four aldermen told the king's justices July 29, 1303, that the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid took three ideators, three burglars, nine abetters and 12 accomplices.

Four justices appointed by Edward I to investigate the 1303 Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid interviewed Middlesex shire juries July 5 at Westminster Hall, Palace of Westminster; illustration of Westminster Hall by Augustus Pugin (March 1, 1812- Sept. 14, 1852) and Thomas Rowlandson (July 14, 1756-April 22, 1827), Rudolph Ackermann's The Microcosm of London, vol. III (1904), opposite page 235: Not in copyright, via Internet Archive

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Of London's 24 aldermen wards, only one (Bishopsgate) had no information to give justices appointed by Edward I to investigate the 1303 Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury raid; illustration of Guildhall's Court of Aldermen, Walter Thornbury's Old and New London, vol. I (1873), page 390: Not in copyright, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/oldnewlondonnarr01thor/page/390/mode/1up;
(1887), via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/stream/oldnewlondonnarr01thor_0#page/390/mode/1up

Ackermann, Rudolph. 1904. The Microcosm of London or London in Miniature. Volume III. London, England: Methuen & Co.
Available @ https://archive.org/details/microcosmoflondo03pyneuoft

Doherty, Paul. 2005. The Great Crown Jewels Robbery of 1303. New York NY: Carroll & Graf Publisher.

Keay, Anna. 2011. The Crown Jewels. London UK: Thames & Hudson Ltd.

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 April 2018. "Richard Puddlicott and the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/richard-puddlicott-and-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 May 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid in April and May 1303 in England." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 May 2018. "Mysteries of the April-May 1303 Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/mysteries-of-april-may-1303-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 June 2018. "King Edward I's Letter on the Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/king-edward-is-letter-on-westminster.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 June 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Royal Proclamation June 16, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_8.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Palmer Confession June 17, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 June 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Arrests June 18-19, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_22.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 June 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Indenture June 22, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_29.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 July 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Palmer Confession July 6, 2013." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 July 2018. "Westminster Abbey Royal Treasury Raid: Goldsmiths Talk July 4, 1303." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/westminster-abbey-royal-treasury-raid_13.html

Thornbury, Walter. "Chapter XXXIII: Guildhall." Old and New London: A Narrative of Its History, Its People, and Its Places. Vol. I: 383-395. London, England; Paris, France; New York NY: Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/oldnewlondonnarr01thor_0

Wednesday, July 25, 2018

July 27, 2018, Total Lunar Eclipse Belongs to Saros Cycle 129

Summary: The Friday, July 27, 2018, total lunar eclipse belongs to Saros cycle 129, a series of 71 lunar eclipses linked by similar geometries.

The Friday, July 27, 2018, total lunar eclipse occurs as the 38th in the 71-member lineup of Saros cycle 129: "Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment, Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)," via NASA Eclipse Web Site

The Friday, July 27, 2018, total lunar eclipse belongs to Saros cycle 129, which consists of a series of 71 lunar eclipses linked by similar geometries over a cycle of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours).

Saros 129 lunar eclipses share occurrences at the lunar orbit’s descending node. Also known as the lunar orbit’s south node, the descending node marks the point of the moon’s crossing from north to south of the Earth’s orbital plane.

July 2018’s total lunar eclipse appears as number 38 in the lineup of Saros 129 lunar eclipses. The family, known as a series, of Saros 129 endures for 1,262.11 years. Saros 129 opens Thursday, June 10, 1351, with a penumbral eclipse in proximity to the southern edge of the fainter, outer part of Earth’s shadow, known as the penumbra (Latin: paene, “almost, nearly” + umbra, “shadow”). Saros 129 closes Saturday, July 24, 2613, with a penumbral eclipse tapping the penumbra’s northern edge.

Saros 129’s lineup of 71 lunar eclipses undergo five sequences. The initial sequence is composed of 10 penumbral eclipses. The second sequence comprises 21 partial eclipses. The third sequence features 11 total eclipses. The fourth sequence presents 21 partial eclipses. The fifth and final sequence consists of eight penumbral eclipses.

The total lunar eclipse Friday, July 27, 2018, holds seventh place in the sequence of 11 total lunar eclipses. The sequence’s first total lunar eclipse occurred Tuesday, May 24, 1910. The sequence’s last total lunar eclipse happens Thursday, Sept. 8, 2090.

Retired NASA astrophysicist Fred Espenak, known as “Mr. Eclipse,” details phase durations for July 2018’s Saros 129 on NASA’s Eclipse website. The penumbral phase covers 373.8 minutes. Partiality lasts 234.5 minutes. Totality spans 103.0 minutes.

Saros 129’s first total lunar eclipse, occurring Tuesday, May 24, 1910, displayed a penumbral phase of 360.3 minutes. Partiality spanned 215.4 minutes. May 1910’s Saros 129 total eclipse presented 35.9 minutes of totality. The May 1910 event occupied place 32 in Saros 129’s lineup of 71 lunar eclipses.

Saros 129’s final total lunar eclipse anticipates a penumbral phase of 362.0 minutes. The Sept. 8, 2090, total lunar eclipse expects a partiality duration of 213.1 minutes. Totality endures 31.9 minutes. The September 2090 event holds place 42 in Saros 129’s lineup of 71 lunar eclipses.

Saros 129’s total lunar eclipse of Sunday, July 16, 2000, claims longest duration of totality, at 1 hour 46 minutes 24 seconds, in the sequence of 11 total lunar eclipses. July 2000’s lunar event occurred as the sequence’s sixth total lunar eclipse and as number 37 among Saros 129’s lineup of 71 lunar eclipses.

January 2018’s Saros 124 total lunar eclipse ranks as third longest in the 11-event sequence’s totality phase duration. The second longest totality phase occurred during the sequence’s Tuesday, July 6, 1982, total lunar eclipse. July 1982’s totality spanned 105.7 minutes.

Saros 129’s total lunar eclipse of Thursday, Sept. 8, 2090, closes the sequence with the shortest predicted duration of totality, at 00 hours 31 minutes 51 seconds. The sequence’s opening total lunar eclipse of Tuesday, May 24, 1910, claims the second shortest duration of totality, at 49.5 minutes.

July 2018’s immediate predecessor in Saros 129’s total lunar eclipse sequence occurred Sunday, July 16, 2000. July 2018’s successor in the sequence happens Thursday, Aug. 7, 2036.

July 2018’s total lunar eclipse is the second of the year’s two total lunar eclipses. The year’s first total lunar eclipse happened Wednesday, Jan. 31. January’s total lunar eclipse belonged to Saros 124.

The takeaways for the July 27, 2018, total lunar eclipse are that the event appears as seventh in Saros cycle 129’s sequence of only 11 total lunar eclipses and that July 2018’s totality phase of 103.0 minutes ranks as the sequence’s third longest totality duration.

The total lunar eclipse Sunday, July 16, 2000, claims the Saros cycle 129 record as longest total solar eclipse, with a duration of 1 hour 46 minutes 24 seconds: "Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment, Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)," via NASA Eclipse Web Site

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Dickinson, David. “Predicting Eclipses: How Does the Saros Cycle Work?” Universe Today > Guide to Space. March 26, 2015. Updated Dec. 23, 2015.
Available @ https://www.universetoday.com/119444/predicting-eclipses-how-does-the-saros-cycle-work/

Espenak, Fred. “Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.” NASA Eclipse Web Site > Lunar Eclipses > Lunar Eclipse Catalogs.
Available via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEsaros/LEsaroscat.html

Espenak, Fred. “Eclipses and the Saros.” NASA Eclipse Web Site.
Available via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsaros/SEsaros.html

Espenak, Fred. “Eclipses During 2018.” EclipseWise > Recent and Upcoming Lunar Eclipses.
Available via EclipseWise @ http://www.eclipsewise.com/oh/ec2018.html

Espenak, Fred. “Key to Saros Catalog of Lunar Eclipses.” EclipseWise > Lunar Eclipses > Saros -29 to 190.
Available via EclipseWise @ http://www.eclipsewise.com/lunar/LEhelp/LEsarcatkey.html

Espenak, Fred. “Periodicity of Lunar Eclipses.” NASA Eclipse Web Site > Lunar Eclipses > Special Interest > Eclipses and the Saros.
Available via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEsaros/LEperiodicity.html

Espenak, Fred. “Saros Series 129.” EclipseWise > Recent and Upcoming Lunar Eclipses > Eclipses During 2018.
Available via EclipseWise @ http://www.eclipsewise.com/lunar/LEsaros/LEsaros129.html

Espenak, Fred. “Total Lunar Eclipse of July 27.” EclipseWise > Lunar Eclipses > Eclipses During 2018.
Available via EclipseWise @ http://www.eclipsewise.com/oh/ec2018.html#LE2018Jul27T

van den Bergh, George. Periodicity and Variation of Solar (and Lunar) Eclipses. Haarlem, Netherlands: H.D. Tjeenk Willink, 1955.

Monday, July 23, 2018

Joseph Urban Designed Sets for 14 U.S. Premieres at Met Opera

Summary: Austrian American architect, designer and illustrator Joseph Urban designed sets for 14 U.S. premieres during his almost 16-year career at Met Opera.

Austrian American Art Deco architect, costume and set designer and illustrator Joseph Urban designed sets for 14 U.S. premieres during his almost 16-year career at the Metropolitan Opera, from his debut in November 1917 until his death in July 1933.

The Metropolitan Opera Archives Database associates Urban with 55 production designs. The Vienna, Austria-born costume and set designer debuted at the Metropolitan Opera Nov. 17, 1917, in the Met’s new production of Faust by French Romantic Era composer Charles-François Gounod (June 17, 1818-Oct. 18, 1893). The Metropolitan Opera’s revival of Urban’s Faustian designs continued through the 1950-1951 season.

Fourteen of the 55 Urban-designed productions opened as U.S. premieres at the Metropolitan Opera. Joseph collaborated on three of the U.S. premiere productions with his costume designer daughter Gretel (Jan. 7, 1898-Dec. 6, 1997).

Saint Elizabeth by Hungarian Romantic Era composer Franz Liszt (Oct. 22, 1811-July 31, 1886) premiered Jan. 3, 1918. Richard Ordynski directed. Met Opera has not performed Liszt’s oratorio since the premiere season.

Eugene Onegin by Russian Romantic Era composer Pyotr Tchaikovsky (May 7, 1840-Nov. 6, 1893) premiered March 24, 1920. Richard Ordynski directed. Livingston Platt and Ethel Fox designed costumes.

After the 1920-1921 season, Met Opera did not perform Eugene Onegin for 36 years. Met Opera’s most recent staging, during the 2016-2017 season, revived the opera house’s third reboot, which debuted Sept. 23, 2013.

Così Fan Tutte by Wolfgang Mozart (Jan. 27, 1756-Dec. 5, 1791) premiered March 24, 1922. Samuel Thewman (Feb. 27, 1872-March 22, 1940) directed, with Gretel’s costumes.

La Vida Breve by Spanish composer Manuel de Falla (Nov. 23, 1876-Nov. 14, 1946) premiered March 6, 1926. Wilhelm von Wymetal directed, with Gretel’s costumes. Met Opera has not staged La Vida Breve since the premiere season.

Violanta by Austrian American composer and conductor Erich Korngold (May 29, 1897-Nov. 29, 1957) premiered Nov. 5, 1927. Wilhelm von Wymetal directed. Met Opera has not performed Violanta since the premiere season.

La Rondine by Italian composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924) premiered March 10, 1928. Wilhelm von Wymetal directed. Met Opera last revived Urban’s designs during the 1935-1936 season. A new production debuted Dec. 31, 2008. Met Opera last staged the reboot Jan. 26, 2013.

Die Ägyptische Helena by German late Romantic and early modern composer Richard Strauss (June 11, 1864-Sept. 8, 1949) premiered Nov. 6, 1928. Wilhelm von Wymetal directed, with Lillian Gartner Palmedo’s costumes. After the premiere season, Met Opera did not perform Die Ägyptische Helena for 78 years. A new production debuted March 15, 2007. Die Ägyptische Helena has not been staged since the reboot’s seven performances.

La Cena delle Beffe by Italian composer Umberto Giordano (Aug. 28, 1867-Nov. 12, 1948) premiered Jan. 2, 1926. Samuel Thewman directed. Although Joseph is credited as designer, the Metropolitan Opera Archives Database notes one costume sketch signed by American designer Robert Edmond Jones (Dec. 12, 1887-Nov. 26, 1954). Giordano’s opera has not been staged since the 1926-1927 season.

Puccini’s Turandot premiered Nov. 16, 1926. Wilhelm von Wymetal directed. Gretel Urban and Italian artist Umberto Brunelleschi (June 21, 1879-Feb. 16, 1949) designed costumes. The premiere production’s last revival occurred in the 1929-1930 season.

The first reboot occurred three decades later, with English designer and photographer Cecil Beaton’s (Jan. 14, 1904-Jan. 18, 1980) designs. Met Opera’s most recent staging, in the 2017-2018 season, revived the second reboot. Italian film, opera and television director Franco Zeffirelli’s production and set designs debuted March 12, 1987.

La Campana Sommersa by Italian composer Ottorino Respighi (July 9, 1879-April 18, 1936) premiered Nov. 24, 1928, with the composer present. Wilhelm von Wymetal directed. Met Opera has not performed La Campana Sommersa since Dec. 20, 1929.

Jonny Spielt Auf by Austrian American composer Ernst Krenek (Aug. 23, 1900-Dec. 22, 1991) premiered Jan. 19, 1929. Wilhelm von Wymetal directed, with Lillian Gartner Palmedo’s costumes. Met Opera has not performed Krenek’s jazz-influenced opera since the premiere season.

Fra Gherardo by Italian composer and librettist Ildebrando Pizzetti (Sept. 20, 1880-Feb. 13, 1968) premiered March 21, 1929. Italian opera director Armando Agnini (July 11, 1884-March 27, 1960) directed. Met Opera has not performed Fra Gherardo since the premiere season.

Schwanda the Bagpiper by Czech American composer Jaromír Weinberger (Jan. 8, 1896-Aug. 8, 1967) premiered Nov. 7, 1931. German stage director Hanns Niedecken-Gebhard (Sept. 4, 1889-March 7, 1954) directed, with Lillian Gartner Palmedo’s costumes. Met Opera has not performed Weinberger’s best known opera since the premiere season.

Il Signor Bruschino by Italian composer Gioachino Rossini (Feb. 29, 1792-Nov. 13, 1868) premiered Dec. 9, 1932. Armando Agnini directed. Joseph shared set design credits with Joseph Novak. Met Opera has not performed Il Signor Bruschino since the premiere season.

Il Signor Bruschino marked Joseph Urban’s last U.S. premiere and also his last output as a Met Opera designer. He died of a heart attack July 10, 1933, while recuperating from major surgery in May. His burial site is Westchester County’s Sleepy Hollow Cemetery.

The takeaways for Joseph Urban’s designs for 14 U.S. premieres at the Metropolitan Opera are that he collaborated with his costume designer daughter Gretel on three premieres and that two U.S. premiered operas (Mozart’s Così Fan Tutte, Puccini’s Turandot) endure in Met Opera’s active repertoire, with recent stagings in the 2017-2018 season.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Austrian American Art Deco architect, costume and set designer and illustrator Joseph Urban collaborated on three U.S. premiere productions with his costume designer daughter Gretel; U.S. premiere of Puccini's Turandot on Tuesday, Nov. 16, 1926, featured set designs by Joseph and costume designs by his daughter; Gretel's illustrations reveal colorful variety of her costume designs for Turandot: The Metropolitan Opera, via Facebook Nov. 16, 2017 @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/posts/10159727474555533/; via Facebook Nov. 16, 2017, @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532/10159727474555533/; via Facebook Nov. 16, 2017, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10159727474555533&set=a.134969600532

illustration of costume design of Turandot's deposed King of Tartary, Timur, by Gretel Urban for U.S. premiere of Puccini's Turandot in the Metropolitan Opera's 1916-1917 season: The Metropolitan Opera, via Facebook Nov. 16, 2017, @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/posts/10159727474495533/; via Facebook Nov. 16, 2017, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10159727474495533&set=a.134969600532; via Facebook Nov. 16, 2017, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10159727474495533&set=pcb.10159727478105533

For further information:

“Debut: Gretel Urban.” MetOpera Database > MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 76450 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Don Carlo {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/23/1920.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=76450

“Debuts: Thomas Chalmers, Pierre Monteux, Joseph Urban.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 67050 New Production Faust {294} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/17/1917.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=67050

Italian Genealogical Group and German Genealogy Group. "Samuel Thewman in the New York, New York, U.S., Extracted Death Index, 1862-1948." Ancestry.com > New York, New York, U.S., Extracted Death Index, 1862-1948 [database online]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014.
Available via Ancestry @ https://search.ancestrylibrary.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=9131&h=4020416

Marriner, Derdriu. “Eugene Onegin Is the April 22, 2017, Metropolitan Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, April 17, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/04/eugene-onegin-is-april-22-2017.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Joseph Urban Designed Sets for Two World Premieres at Met Opera." Earth and Space News. Monday, July 16, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/joseph-urban-designed-sets-for-two.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Mar-a-Lago Architect Joseph Urban Also Designed Sets at Met Opera." Earth and Space News. Monday, July 9, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/mar-lago-architect-joseph-urban-also.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Turandot Is March 24, 2018, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Monday, March 19, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/turandot-is-march-24-2018-met-opera.html

The Metropolitan Opera. "100 Years Ago: The Debut of Joseph Urban, Designer of the Most Productions in Met History." The Metropolitan Opera > Archives > Notes From the Archives > This Month in Met History. Nov. 1, 2017.
Available @ https://www.metopera.org/discover/archives/notes-from-the-archives/November/

The Metropolitan Opera. "Turandot premiered at the Met on this day in 1926. Check out costume sketches by Gretel Urban from the premiere production. Tonight, Nov 16, is the last performance of Turandot this fall. Puccini's final opera returns this spring on March 21. bit.ly/2sIQjfz." Facebook. Nov. 16, 2017.
Available via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/posts/10159727474485533/
Available via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532/10159727474485533/
Available via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10159727474485533&set=a.134969600532

Musäus, Johann Karl August. Die Buecher der Chronika der drei Schwestern. Illustrirt von H. Lefler und J. Urban. Berlin: Verlag von J.A. Stargardt, 1900.
Available via HathiTrust @ https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/102155858

“United States Premiere: Così Fan Tutte.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 80750 United States Premiere Così Fan Tutte {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/24/1922.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=80750

“United States Premiere: Die Ägyptische Helena.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 100100 United States Premiere Die Ägyptische Helena {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/6/1928.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=100100

“United States Premiere: Fra Gherardo.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 101980 United States Premiere Fra Gherardo {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/21/1929.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=101980

“United States Premiere: Il Signor Bruschino.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 112240 United States Premiere Il Signor Bruschino {1} Elektra {2} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/9/1932.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=112240

“United States Premiere: Jonny Spielt Auf.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 101110 United States Premiere Jonny Spielt Auf {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/19/1929.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=101110

“United States Premiere: La Campana Sommersa.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 100330 United States Premiere In the presence of the composer La Campana Sommersa {1} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/24/1928.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=100330

“United States Premiere: La Rondine.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 98790 United States Premiere La Rondine {1} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 03/10/1928.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=98790

“United States Premiere: La Vida Breve.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 92670 United States Premieres La Vida Breve {1} Le Rossignol {1} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 03/6/1926.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=92670

“United States Premiere: Schwanda, the Bagpiper.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 109060 United States Premiere Schwanda, the Bagpiper {1} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/7/1931.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=109060

“United States Premiere: Turandot.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 94190 United States Premiere Turandot {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/16/1926.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=94190

“United States Premiere: Violanta.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 97060 United States Premiere (Violanta) New Production (Hänsel und Gretel) Violanta {1} Hänsel und Gretel {93} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/5/1927.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=97060

“United States Stage Premiere: Eugene Onegin.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 74580 United States Stage Premiere Eugene Onegin {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/24/1920.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=74580

“United States Stage Premiere: La Cena delle Beffe.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 91810 United States Premiere La Cena delle Beffe {1} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 01/2/1926.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=91810

“United States Stage Premiere: Saint Elisabeth.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 67620 United States Stage Premiere Saint Elisabeth {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/3/1918.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=67620

U.S. National Archives. "Samuel Thewman." Ancestry.com > New York, U.S., State and Federal Naturalization Records, 1794-1943 [database online]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013.
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Sunday, July 22, 2018

Bird's-Eye Pipe Tobacco and Trichinopoly Cigars: Elementary's Long Way

Summary: Sherlock, attuned to bird's-eye pipe tobacco and Trichinopoly cigars, apprehends smugglers on Elementary's You've Come a Long Way, Baby July 16, 2018.

Cigarette smugglers are undone by Sherlock's and The Nose's expertise in all things tobacco, including bird's-eye tobacco, Trichinopoly cigars and possibly Virginia Slims, in CBS Elementary tv series' You've Come a Long Way, Baby (season 6 episode 11): nammatrichy.com @nammatrichy, via Facebook July 15, 2013

Previous acquaintance with bird's-eye pipe tobacco and with Trichinopoly cigars assists in apprehending high-priced cigarette smugglers in the Elementary procedural drama series episode You've Come a Long Way, Baby July 16, 2018.

Director Guy Ferland and writers Robert Doherty, Bob Goodman and Kelly Wheeler build upon Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle's (May 22, 1859-July 7, 1930) tobacco-related stories. A Study in Scarlet concerns "scattered ash from the floor. It was dark in colour and flakey -- such an ash is only made by a Trichinopoly." The Sign of the Four three years later, in 1890, describes the "black ash of a Trichinopoly [cigar] and the white fluff of bird's-eye [pipe tobacco]."

The televised episode echoes the storied references to bird's-eye and Trichinopoly tobaccos and to the monograph Upon the Distinction between the Ashes of the Various Tobaccos.

Season 6's 11th episode, series' 131st overall, fetches The Nose (John Horton), Brooklyn brownstone Irregular whose "sense of smell outpaces even" Sherlock Holmes' (Jonny Lee Miller).

The Nose gives "Pine. Star anise. Grapefruit. Specifically Chinook hops, grown in Oregon's Willamette Valley" as "something off about the smell" of confiscated Brooklyn bodega cigarettes. The hunt for cigarette smugglers heads to Fort Greene, Brooklyn neighborhood with a craft brewery whose shipping trucks have regular routes through the cigarettes' Ohio homelands. The information immediately impresses Joan Watson (Lucy Liu) even though Sherlock indicates that "tobacco is the one area of olfaction in which we've agreed to disagree."

The Nose judges that Sherlock "has never let it go" that he "pointed out that his [Sherlock's] distinctions between Trichinopoly and Bird's Eye were all wrong."

According to the University of Chicago Press publication Relating Religion's Chapter Seven, A Matter of Class, Nov. 10, 2004, Sherlock knows cigar, cigarette and pipe tobacco.

The New York-born author Jonathan Zittel Smith (Nov. 21, 1938-Dec. 30, 2017) lauds Sherlock learning "the nomenclature of two sorts of Indian cheroots (lunkah and trichinopoly)." He mentions Sherlock mastering "pipe and cigar tobacco (bird's-eye and trichinopoly)" and ash white-fluffed because bird's-eye's "midribs have been removed from the leaves prior to shredding." Tenth Precinct Captain Thomas Gregson (Aidan Quinn) noted similar astuteness "previously on Elementary" in Be My Guest, Season 5's 11th episode, 107th overall, Jan. 8, 2017.

Gregson observed to baseball card-stealing, security guard-killing Mr. Charles (ironically played by John Bolton), "Holmes here recognized the [Majordomo's Royal Tan Blend] ash from your pipe."

The 150-some-year-old chewing twist, hand-pipe and hand-rolling tobacco and nasal snuff manufacturer Gawith Hoggarth in Kendal, Cumbria, United Kingdom, presents possible information sources for Sherlock's expertise.

Gawith, Hoggarth & Co. Ltd. bird's-eye queues up print and word-of-mouth reviews historically and online reviews presently as full-tasting, shag-cut, strong smokes for fishermen and sailors. Sir George Watt's (April 24, 1851-April 2, 1930) Dictionary of the Economic Products of India relates Nicotiana tabacum ([Jean] Nicot's [1530-May 1600] tobacco) and Trichinopoly cigars. Fenn Thompson & Co. and Spencer's, one of ten Madras Presidency (1652-1947) Trichinopoly cigar factories, perhaps serve as respective information sources for Miller's and Doyle's Sherlocks.

Bird's-eye pipe tobacco and "coarse, black, briny" Trichinopoly cigars for Doyle's villains, and perhaps Virginia Slims, take Sherlock the long way to Jamie Moriarty (Natalie Dormer).

Tobacco products have come a long way, from Ohio to New York in the case of smuggled cigarettes and from South India to England in the case of Trichinopoly cigars, and also Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) and his father, Morland (John Noble), have come a long way in their relationship in CBS Elementary tv series' You've Come a Long Way, Baby (season 6 episode 11): Elementary @ElementaryCBS, via Facebook July 7, 2018

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Cigarette smugglers are undone by Sherlock's and The Nose's expertise in all things tobacco, including Trichinopoly cigars, in CBS Elementary tv series' You've Come a Long Way, Baby (season 6 episode 11): nammatrichy.com @nammatrichy, via Facebook July 15, 2013, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=548731028516812&l=2057e6090c

Tobacco products have come a long way, from Ohio to New York in the case of smuggled cigarettes and from South India to England in the case of bird's-eye tobacco, Trichinopoly cigars and possibly Virginia Slims, and also Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) and his father, Morland (John Noble), have come a long way in their relationship in CBS Elementary tv series' You've Come a Long Way, Baby (season 6 episode 11): Elementary @ElementaryCBS, via Facebook July 7, 2018, @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/photos/a.151627898295663.14686.151013691690417/1104060653052378/

For further information:

Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. London England: George Newnes Ltd., 1892.

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Hall, John. "140 Varieties." The Musgrave Monographs. Edited by David Stuart Davies Kathryn White. Halifax, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom: The Northern Musgraves Sherlock Holmes Society.
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