Earth and Space News

Sunday, June 4, 2023

Blind Curves on NCIS: Hawai’i Air Kakaako Auto Repair and Chop Shops

Summary: Blind Curves, season 2 episode 2 Saturday, June 3, 2023, on police procedural television series NCIS: Hawai’I, air Kakaako auto repair and chop shops.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

Blind Curves, season 2 episode 2 debuted Sep. 26, 2022, and rerun Jan. 2 and June 3, 2023, on police procedural television series NCIS: Hawai’i, air Kakaako auto repair and chop shops.

Episode 24 overall, by director Yangzom Brauen and writer Matt Bosack, bares anonymous sedans and such brands as Challenger 800, Mustang, Nissan 350Z and Toyota Supra. Auto repair shops legitimately and chop shops illegally configure cars priced at $60,000 to $100,000 with “tens of thousands” of cam-shaft, carbon-fiber paneling and header changes. Kakaako (from Hawaiian kākāʻāko, “dull, slow”) district of south Honolulu (from Hawaiian hono lulu, “bay sheltered”), Oahu island (from Hawaiian o’ahu, “gathering place”), domiciles both shops.

Downtown Honolulu and Waikiki (from Hawaiian wai kīkī, “water spouting”) neighborhood-area Ala Moana (from Hawaiian ala moana, “street [by, near, to] ocean”) district enclose east Kakaako.

Commercial-, retail- and warehouse-friendly Kakaako in the first Honolulu district, Oahu island, Hawaii state (from Hawaiian ha wai ‘i, “breath life-force supreme”), westwardly fronts Honolulu Harbor.

The Kakaako community once guarded agricultural terraces with royal residences for King Kamehameha I (1758?-May 8 or 14, 1819, from Hawaiian ka meha, “the lonely [one]”). It had agricultural wetlands; burial grounds such as 1,000-plus iwi (from Hawaiian iwi, “bone”) Honuakaha (from Hawaiian honua kaha, “ground furrowed”) Smallpox Cemetery; and fishpond farms. Gobies, green algae, mullet, prawn and silver perch inhabited loko i’a and loko wai (from Hawaiian loko ia, “lake, pond, pool fish” and loko wai, “freshwater”).

Hawaiian commoners traditionally journeyed to the subsequent Kakaako district of Bind Curves on NCIS: Hawaii for fish and salt, not for auto repair and chop shops.

Aesthetic ambiance, clean air, clear water and fertile land accounts for the Kaka'ako Branch Hospital and the Kapiolani Home for Girls [(aughtered by Hansen's disease patients) in the Kakaako area; 1886 image of Board of Health President Walter Murray Gibson (left), Mother Marianne Cope (second to last on right) and other Sisters of St Francis, with first 10 girls to enter home as daughters of Hansen's disease patients, at first Kapi'olani Home for Girls, built adjacent to Branch Hospital, Kaka'ako (State Archives of Hawai'i: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Brackish-watered loko puunone and seawater loko kuapa (from Hawaiian loko pu’u none, “freshwater protuberance awkward” and loko kua pā, “freshwater fishpond wall”) kindled salt-gathering and salt-making.

Beautiful-sited, clean-aired, clear-watered, fertile-soiled Kakaako lands led to the University of Hawai’i at Manoa (from Hawaiian mānoa, “vast”) locating John A. Burns School of Medicine there. Beautiful panorama, clean air, clear water and fertile land motivated Neal S. Blaisdell Center exhibition, meeting and performance complex and Ward Centers shopping complex materializing there. They nurse community outreach of the Kamehameha Schools private school system for community, cultural, economic, educational, natural, sustainable stewardship of native fields, forests and watersheds.

Auto repair and chop shops in Blind Curves on NCIS: Hawai’i respectively oblige and obstruct Hawaii Community Development Authority occasioning optimal outcomes for Kakaako community-oriented development.

Kamehameha Schools acknowledges among their notable alumnae and alumni Dr. Haunani-Kay Trask (Oct. 3, 1949-July 3, 2021), founding director of Hawaiian Studies at the University of Hawaii at Manoa (from Hawaiian ha wai 'i, "breath life-force supreme"; and mānoa, "vast"): dignidadrebelde, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Kamehameha Schools plans for a SALT marketplace of community-promoting, cosmopolitan local restaurant and retail owner-operators, in existing structures such as warehouses and with green, open-air spaces.

“Our Kaka’ako’ commercial and residential project of Castle & Cooke Homes Hawai’i Inc. and Kamehameha Schools quests redeveloping existing properties for 95 purchasers and 88 renters. “Our Kaka’ako” reinforces, with its green spaces, mid-block pedestrian crossways, redeveloped extant commercial spaces, streetscapes and walking paths, the SALT plan and the Six Eighty effort. The Six Eighty nine-block preservation effort suggests eatery, open-air roof and retail shoplets for studio and one-bedroom apartments structured from 680 Ala Moana Boulevard office space.

Legitimate auto repair and illegal chop shops in Blind Curves on NCIS: Hawai’i respectively threaten and thwart Hawaiian traditions treasured by Kamehameha Schools staff and students.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Hawaii Community Development Authority accepts no buildings higher than 400 feet (121.92 meters) in Kakaako district; Thursday, May 7, 2015, 18:32, image of "Rainbow in Kakaako": Daniel Ramirez from Honolulu, USA, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rainbow_in_Kakaako_(18761269126).jpg; Daniel Ramirez (jdnx), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/danramarch/18761269126/

Its local and transitory audiences acclaim Kakaako (from Hawaiian kākāʻāko, “dull, slow”) district for beautiful panorama, clean air, clear water and fertile land; Monday, May 17, 2010, 16:04, image of top of Kaka'ako Waterfront Park, south of downtown Honolulu: Daniel Ramirez from Honolulu, USA, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kakaako_Waterfront_Park_very_top_20100517.jpg; Daniel Ramirez (jdnx), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/danramarch/4668354709/

Aesthetic ambiance, clean air, clear water and fertile land accounts for the Kaka'ako Branch Hospital and the Kapiolani Home for Girls (daughtered by Hansen's disease patients) in the Kakaako area; 1886 image of Board of Health President Walter Murray Gibson (left), Mother Marianne Cope (second to last on right) and other Sisters of St Francis, with first 10 girls to enter home as daughters of Hansen's disease patients, at first Kapi'olani Home for Girls, built adjacent to Branch Hospital, Kaka'ako (State Archives of Hawai'i: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gibson_and_Mother_Marianne_Cope_(full).jpg; Iolani Palace @iolanipalace, via Facebook Nov. 9, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/iolanipalace/posts/-the-kapiolani-home-for-girls-onthisday-in-1885-the-kapiolani-home-was-dedicated/10162371323060234/

NCIS Special Agent-in-Charge Jane Tennant (Vanessa Lachey), Special Agent Jesse Boone (Noah Mills), Special Agent Kai Holman (Alex Tarrant) and Junior Field Agent Lucy Tara (Yasmine Al-Bustami) in "Blind Curves," season 2 episode 2 of American police procedural television series NCIS: Hawai'i: NCIS: Hawai'i 'Ohana, via Facebook Sep. 18, 2022, @ https://www.facebook.com/NCISHawaiiOhana/posts/377927281214784/; via Facebook Sep. 18, 2022, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=377927281214784&set=a.331384845869028; via Facebook Sep. 18, 2022, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=377927281214784&set=pb.100069925441773.-2207520000

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Marriner, Derdriu. 21 May 2023. "Dies Irae on NCIS: Hawai’i, not Oumuamua, Adds a Day of Wrath to Earth." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/dies-irae-on-ncis-hawaii-not-oumuamua.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 May 2023. "Actions and Arrivals Are Past Due on NCIS: Hawai’i and for Oumuamua." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/actions-and-arrivals-are-past-due-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 May 2023. "Shields Up on NCIS: Hawai’i Are Shields Down With Oumuamua Away." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/shields-up-on-ncis-hawaii-are-shields.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 May 2023. "Nightwatch Two for NCIS: Hawai'i Never Acquaints Us With Kaepaokaawela." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/nightwatch-two-for-ncis-hawaii-never.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 April 2023. "Kamooalewa Asteroid Appears Just Before Cabin Fever on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/kamooalewa-asteroid-appears-just-before.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 April 2023. "Po’ouli Going Extinct Applies as Much as NCIS: Hawai’i to Curtain Call." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/poouli-going-extinct-applies-as-much-as.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2023. "Edgar Allen Poe If Not Moe Hawaiian Dreams Assuages Prisoners’ Dilemma on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/edgar-allan-poe-if-not-moe-hawaiian_16.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2023. "Nightwatch on NCIS: Hawai’i Alludes to Koa Akala Hawaiian Pink Coral." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/nightwatch-on-ncis-hawaii-alludes-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2023. "Pani Popo and Pao Doce Are Like, Unlike Bread Crumbs on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/pani-popo-and-pao-doce-are-like-unlike.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 March 2023. "Chagaccino From Chaga Mushrooms Axes a Vanishing Act on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/chagaccino-from-chaga-mushrooms-axes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 March 2023. "Honolulu Zoo Sumatran Tigers Are Two Less by Nurture on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/honolulu-zoo-sumatran-tigers-are-two.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2023. "Hawaiian Dala and Hawaiian Kala Antedate Money Honey on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/hawaiian-dala-and-hawaiian-kala.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2023. "Family Ties Like on NCIS: Hawai’i Affected Queen Kaahumanu." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/family-ties-like-on-ncis-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 March 2023. "Okika Hawaiian Bog Orchids Are Absent in Sudden Death on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/okika-hawaiian-bog-orchids-are-absent.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 February 2023. "The Korean Cultural Center Acts Like a Good Samaritan on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/the-korean-cultural-center-acts-like.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2023. "Kupua Beasts With Red Eyes Maybe Activate Primal Fear on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/kupua-beasts-with-red-eyes-maybe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2023. "Golden Crownbeards in Hawaii Act Like Silent Invasion on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/misplaced-targets-on-ncis-hawaii-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2023. "Sweet Potatoes, Not Sweet Corn on NCIS: Hawai’i Pirates, Are Hawaiian." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/sweet-potatoes-not-sweet-corn-on-ncis.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2023. "Misplaced Targets on NCIS: Hawai’i Are All on Kahoolawe for Hawaiians." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/misplaced-targets-on-ncis-hawaii-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 January 2023. "Hawaii Kai Accounts for Lost Fishponds and NCIS: Hawai’i Stolen Valor." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/hawaii-kai-accounts-for-lost-fishponds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 January 2023. "Shield Volcanoes Are to Hawaii What Shields Up Are to NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/shield-volcanoes-are-to-hawaii-what.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 January 2023. "Hawaiian Flags Never Anticipated NCIS Hawai'i Episode About Rising Sun." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/hawaiian-flags-never-anticipated-ncis.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 January 2023. "Pikake Jasmine Answers Where Abductees Are on NCIS: Hawai’i Deep Fake." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/pikake-jasmine-answers-where-abductees.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2023. "Blind Curves on NCIS: Hawai’i Never Afflicted Hawaiian Locomobiles." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/blind-curves-on-ncis-hawaii-never.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 December 2022. "Desperate Measures on NCIS: Hawai’i Are Drastic, Like Those for Nioi." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/edgar-allan-poe-if-not-moe-hawaiian.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 November 2022. "Honohono Hawaii Jewel Orchids Assuage Curtain Call on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/honohono-hawaii-jewel-orchids-assuage.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 November 2022. "Agents Afloat Ape Hawaiian Sardines in Vanishing Act on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/agents-afloat-ape-hawaiian-sardines-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 November 2022. "Exotic Animals Are in Honolulu Zoo and in Nurture on NCIS: Hawai'i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/exotic-animals-are-in-honolulu-zoo-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 October 2022. "Wana Hawaiian Long-Spined Urchins Are Changing Tides on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/wana-hawaiian-long-spined-urchins-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 October 2022. "No Awapuhiakanaloa Hawaiian Orchids Abate Sudden Death on NCIS: Hawai'i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/no-awapuhiakanaloa-hawaiian-orchids.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 October 2022. "Liliha Bakery Cream Puffs Antidote Primal Fear on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/liliha-bakery-cream-puffs-antidote.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 September 2022 "Hawaiian Fords Never Accelerated on Blind Curves Like on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/hawaiian-fords-never-accelerated-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 September 2022 "Edgar Allan Poe If Not Moe Hawaiian Dreams Allays Prisoners’ Dilemma on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/edgar-allan-poe-if-not-moe-hawaiian.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 September 2022. "Ancient Rituals Add No One Indian Jasmine at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/ancient-rituals-add-no-one-indian.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2022. "Indian Jasmine Aids Ancient Rituals at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/indian-jasmine-aids-ancient-rituals-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 July 2022. "Lokelani Damask Roses Abide in Legacy on NCIS: Hawai’i and on Maui." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/lokelani-damask-roses-abide-in-legacy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 June 2022. "Rapid Ohia Death Wilt and The Tourist on NCIS: Hawai’i Act as Aliens." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/rapid-ohia-death-wilt-and-tourist-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 May 2022. "‘O’opu Hue Hawaiian Whitespotted Tobies Avoid Gaijin in NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/oopu-hue-hawaiian-whitespotted-tobies.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 January 2022. "Mokauea Island Actualizes What Legacy on NCIS: Hawai’i Attempts to Add." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/mokauea-island-actualizes-what-legacy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2022. "Au Hawaiian Blue Marlin Are Big Fishes in Spies, Part 1, NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/au-hawaiian-blue-marlin-are-big-fishes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2021. "Rapid Ohia Death Canker and The Tourist on NCIS: Hawai’i Act as Aliens." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/rapid-ohia-death-canker-and-tourist-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 December 2021. "Kikakapu Hawaiian Morwong Are Fish Too Rare for Boom on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/kikakapu-hawaiian-morwong-are-fish-too.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 November 2021. "Kalama Valley Antedates the Legacy NCIS: Hawai’i Aspires to Archive." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/kalama-valley-antedates-legacy-ncis.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 November 2021. "Lunar Eclipse, Meteor Shower and Moon Phase Aid No NCIS: Hawai’i Pilot." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/velvet-trees-unlike-tourist-on-ncis.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 October 2021. "Velvet Trees, Unlike The Tourist on NCIS: Hawai’i, Are As They Appear." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/velvet-trees-unlike-tourist-on-ncis.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 October 2021. "Ahi Hawaiian Bluefin Tuna Are Schooled in Boom on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/ahi-hawaiian-bluefin-tuna-are-schooled.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 October 2021. "Keke Hawaiian Stripebelly Puffers Are Not in Gaijin on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/keke-hawaiian-stripebelly-puffers-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 September 2021. "Illegal Explosives Add Noise Pollution to NCIS: Hawai’i Episode Boom." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/illegal-explosives-add-noise-pollution.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 August 2020. "Hinahina Beach Heliotrope Abhors Bombs on Magnum’s Nowhere to Hide." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/hinahina-beach-heliotrope-abhors-bombs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 February 2020. "He'e Makoko Hawaiian Octopuses Are Like Five-0's He Waha Kou O Ka He'e." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/hee-makoko-hawaiian-octopuses-are-like.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 November 2019. "Ka'upu Black-Footed Albatrosses Avert Magnum's A Bullet Named Fate." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/kaupu-black-footed-albatrosses-avert.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 April 2019. "Laysan Albatrosses: Earth Day 2019, Five-0 Season 9 Episode 22 Icons." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/laysan-albatrosses-earth-day-2019-five.html

Mazza, Giuseppe. "Canthigaster jactator." English translation by Mario Beltramini. Monaco Nature Encyclopedia > English.
Available @ https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/canthigaster-jactator/?lang=en

"Meat Jun." Nowfeed.me. Blog powered by Word Press. Posted 28 May 2011.
Available @ https://web.archive.org/web/20121116152729/http://nowfeed.me/2011/05/meat-jun/

Meech, Karen J.; Robert Weryk; Marco Micheli; Jan T. Kleyna; Olivier R. Hainaut; Robert Jedicke; Richard J. Wainscoat; Kenneth C. Chambers; Jacqueline V. Keane; Andreea Petric; Larry Denneau; Eugene Magnier; Travis Berger; Mark E. Huber; Heather Flewelling; Chris Waters; Eva Schunova-Lilly; and Serge Chastel. 20 November 2017. "A Brief Visit From The First Interstellar Asteroid Reveals a Red Extremely Elongated Body." Published on paper Dec. 21-28 [2017] issue. DOI: Nature 10.1038/nature25020.
Available @ https://home.ifa.hawaii.edu/users/meech/papers/2017/Meech2017-Nature552.pdf

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Saturday, June 3, 2023

Rock Ptarmigans Act as June Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023

Summary: Rock ptarmigans act as June birds on the Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 by which the National Audubon Society appreciates Arctic, near-Arctic wildlife.

Rock ptarmigans act as June birds on the Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 by which the National Audubon Society appreciates Arctic, near-Arctic wildlife of coastal and continental Canada and the United States.

The Galliformes (from Latin gallus, “cock, male chicken, rooster” and -fōrmis, “-shaped”) galliform, gallinaceous, gamebird, gamefowl, landfowl order member breeds between April and June or July. The Phasianidae (from Greek φασιανός, “pheasant [Phasianus colchicus]” and -ειδής, “-like” via Latin -idæ) family member claims rocky tundra (from Lappish тӯннтрэ, “treeless” via Russian ту́ндра). Non-Arctic mountaintops draw Lagopus muta (from Greek λαγώς, “hare”; πούς, “foot” via Latin lagōpūs; mūtus, “silent”), described by Lars Jonasson Montin (Sep. 6, 1723-Jan. 3, 1785).

Rock ptarmigans (from Greek πτ[ερόν], “wing”; Goidelic tórmach, “addition” via Scots Gaelic tàrmachadh, “originating”) endure Andorran, Austrian, French, German, Kyrgyz, Slovenian, Spanish, Swiss and Tajik mountaintops.

Rock ptarmigans adapt to Arctic and near-Arctic climates along Canadian, Finnish, Greenlandic, Icelandic, Japanaese, Russian, Norwegian, Scottish and Unitedstatesian coastlines and to continental mountain climates of Andorra, France and Spain; Austria, Germany, Slovenia and Switzerland; and Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan; adapted from BirdLife International and Handbook of the Birds of the World (2016) 2006 Lagopus muta. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2 @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679464/113623562: Darekk2 and the IUCN Red List spatial data, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Female rock ptarmigans fit single-brooded eggs into natural, open-site or plant tuft- or rock-sheltered depressions, or bare, hollow scrapes that they finish with feathery, grassy linings.

Rock ptarmigan mothers-to-be generate 5 to 10 or 3 to 12 black-brown-blotched, black-brown-mottled, glossy, 1.69-inch- (43-millimeter-) long, 1.22-inch- (31-millimeter-) wide, smooth, sub-elliptical, white to white-yellow eggs. They have their eggs at 1- or 2-day intervals, with the next-to-last egg hastening 24- to 26-day incubations, during which rock ptarmigan fathers-to-be house themselves nearby. Maximally 8-year life expectancies include eggs hatching into downy, precocial (precocious, from Latin praecox, “early-ripened”) nestlings who inhabit birth nests after independence as 10- to 12-week-olds.

Male rock ptarmigans, as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 June birds, join unmated-male flocks 5 to 6 weeks before the independent journeys of their weak-flying nestlings.

Rock ptarmigan mothers-to-be add 5 to 10, or 3 to 12 dark-marked, glossy, smooth, subelliptical eggs to their feather-, grass-, plant part-lined nests; Saturday, Sep. 3, 3011, 11:57, image of rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) eggs, collected in Lapland (Northern Sami: Sápmi); Collection Jacques Perrin de Brichambaut (Oct. 18, 1920-March 17, 2007), Muséum de Toulouse (Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de la ville de Toulouse, MHNT), Jardin des Plantes de Toulouse, quartier de Busca-Montplaisir, Toulouse center, Haute-Garonne department, Occitania region, southwest France: Didier Descouens (Archaeodontosaurus), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Eggs hatching kindles rock ptarmigan nestlings with black-edged buff-rufous (from Latin rūfus, “red, red-haired, reddish, redheaded, ruddy”) to rufous bodies and black-sided buff-rufous to rufous heads.

The black-billed, black-eyed nestling looks buff-gray-white as a 10-day-old launching what ultimately looks like bursting flight patterns with rapid wingbeats and subsequent gliding and shallow flapping. Rock ptarmigan mothers and their young maintain close lifestyles until they move into all-female or all-male, large, non-breeding flocks for Arctic, near-Arctic coastal, inland winter months. Aspen (Populus), birch (Betula ssp) and willow (Salix ssp) trees’ summertime buds, flowers, leaves and seeds and wintertime buds and catkins nourish summer insect-nurtured rock ptarmigans.

Rock ptarmigans as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar June birds offer brown- and black-barred, mottled-bellied, white-winged females and red eye-combed, white-bellied males with black-barred, brown-barred, brown-bodied upper-parts.

Bold-patterned down adorns rock ptarmigan chicks all the way to and over their legs, feet and toenails; Tuesday, July 9, 2013, 09:31, image of juvenile Japanese rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta japonica), Mount Ontake (御嶽山, Ontake-san), also known as Mount Kiso Ontake (木曽御嶽山, Kiso Ontake-san), Kiso town, Nagano prefecture, Chūbu region, central Japan: Alpsdake, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Winter plumage presents female rock ptarmigans with dark, small bills; dark eyes; white-feathered heads and necks; white-feathered backs, bellies and tails; and white-feathered feet and legs.

Winter-plumed rock ptarmigan males quarter dark, delicate, small bills; red combs above dark eyes; black- and white-barred, round, small heads; and black- and white-barred gray upperparts. Male rock ptarmigans reveal as winter plumage white-feathered bellies; white-feathered legs to feet white-feathered all the way to their claws; gray-patched, white-feathered wings; and black-feathered tails. Mature rock ptarmigans secure 12.5- to 15.5-inch- (32- to 40-centimeter-) long, 16- to 23-ounce (450- to 650-gram) bodies with 19.5- to 23.5-inch (50- to 60-centimeter) wingspans.

Rock ptarmigans as June birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 tend toward taciturnity even as rock ptarmigan males tender clucks, growls and raspy krrrh calls.

Black- and brown-barred upper-parts, mottled bellies and white wings announce summer plumage on female rock ptarmigans even as summer-plumed rock ptarmigan males appear with red combs above dark eyes; gray- and white-barred gray upper-parts; white bellies; gray-patched wings; and black tails. Summer plumage approaches summer tundra habitats even as winter plumage approaches the colors associated with dense evergreen stands along high-elevation rivers and streams and with open meadows; Friday, May 28, 2010, 11:22, image of pair of rock ptarmigans, Jotunheimen ("the home of the Jötunn"), southern Norway: Jan Frode Haugseth (Jafro), CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

John James Audubon (April 26, 1785-Jan. 27, 1851) accommodated a spring-plumed male rock ptarmigan on the left and an adult winter-plumed white-tailed ptarmigan on the left with an accurately Arctic or near-Arctic habitat such as the couple appreciates along Canadian, Finnish, Greenlandic, Icelandic, Japanaese, Russian, Norwegian, Scottish and Unitedstatesian coastlines; rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) under synonym of American ptarmigan Tetrao mutus, Leach, and white-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucura) under synonym of white-tailed grous Tetrao leucurus, Swains; Drawn from Nature by J.J. Audubon, F.R.S., F.L.S.; Engraved, Printed & Coloured by Robt Havell, 1838; John James Audubon, The Birds of America, No. 84, Plate CCCCXVIII: No copyright--United States (NoC--US), via ULS (University of Pittsburgh Library System) @ https://digital.library.pitt.edu/islandora/object/pitt%3Aaud0418; Birds of America, vol. V (1842), No. 32, Plate 160, opposite page 119, Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40383849; Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/61021753@N02/8589032537/; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ptarmigan2.jpg

Baicich, Paul J.; and Colin J. O. Harrison. 2005. "Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus)." Pages 109-110. Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds. Second edition. Princeton NJ; and Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England: Princeton University Press.

BirdLife International. 2017. "Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus muta." (Errata version of 2016 assessment). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679464A89358137.en
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679464/89358137

Bull, John; and John Farrand, Jr. July 1977. "276, 277 Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus mutus." Pages 446-447. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds: Eastern Region. Revised by John Farrand, Jr. Second edition, fully revised, fifth printing, July 1977. Chanticleer Press Edition. New York NY: Borzoi Book, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

Cleary, Margot Keam. 1991. "Rock Ptarmigan." Page 106-107. In: John James Audubon. New York NY: Crescent Books.

Hejna, Mary. 2002. "Lagopus muta rock ptarmigan." (On-line) Animal Diversity Web. Ann Arbor MI: University of Wisconsin Museum of Zoology.
Available @ http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Lagopus_muta/

Howell, Catherine Herbert (Writer); and Mary B. Dickinson (Editor). 1999. "Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus mutus." Pages 136-137. Field Guide to the Birds of North America. Third Edition. Washington DC: National Geographic Society.

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2023. "Moose Appear as May Animals on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/moose-appear-as-may-animals-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Brooks Range Acts as Wild April on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/brooks-range-acts-as-wild-april-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Arctic Terns Are April Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/arctic-terns-are-april-birds-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Western Sandpipers Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 March Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/western-sandpipers-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Baffin Island Wolves Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 Wild March." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/baffin-island-wolves-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2023. "Musk Ox, Muskox Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar February 2022 Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/musk-ox-muskox-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 February 2023. "Red-Throated Loons Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 February Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/red-throated-loons-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 January 2023. "Mallard Ducks Aced Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 as January Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/mallard-ducks-aced-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2023. "Red Foxes Are January Wildlife on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/red-foxes-are-january-wildlife-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2022. "Dark-Eyed Juncos Are December Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/dark-eyed-juncos-are-december-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 November 2022. "Eared Grebes Are November Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/eared-grebes-are-november-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2022. "Barred Owls Are October Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/barred-owls-are-october-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 September 2022. "Ham and Ptarmigan Are Christmas Meats in Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/ham-and-ptarmigan-are-christmas-meats.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 September 2022. "Brown Pelicans Are September Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/brown-pelicans-are-september-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 August 2022. "Allen’s Hummingbirds Are August Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/allens-hummingbirds-are-august-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2022. "Reddish Egrets Are July Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/reddish-egrets-are-july-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2022. "American Oystercatchers Are June Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/american-oystercatchers-are-june-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2022. "Rose-Breasted Grosbeaks Are May Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/rose-breasted-grosbeaks-are-may-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 April 2022. "Crested Caracaras Appear as April Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/crested-caracaras-appear-as-april-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2022. "Cerulean Warblers Are March Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/cerulean-warblers-are-march-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2022. "Northern Bobwhites Are February Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/northern-bobwhites-are-february-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2022. "Florida Scrub-Jays Are January Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/florida-scrub-jays-are-january-birds-on.html

Montin, Lars. 1776. "1. TETRAO, Lagopus." Page 155. In: "20. Tvänne Arter af Snöripan, af Lars Montin." Physiographiska Säliskapets Handlingar 1: 150-155.
Available via SUB Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum @ https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN608224766_0001?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B178%2C179%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D

Montin, Lars. 1776. "2. TETRAO, mutus." Page 155. In: "20. Tvänne Arter af Snöripan, af Lars Montin." Physiographiska Säliskapets Handlingar 1: 150-155.
Available via SUB Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum @ https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN608224766_0001?tify=%7B%22pages%22%3A%5B178%2C179%5D%2C%22view%22%3A%22info%22%7D

Peterson, Roger Tory. 2010. "Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus muta." Pages 52-53. Peterson Field Guide to Birds of Eastern and Central North America. With Contributions from Michael DiGiorgio, Paul Lehman, Michael O'Brien and Jeffrey A. Gordon, Larry Rosche and Bill Thompson III. Sixth Edition. Boston MA; and New York NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.

Robbins, Chandler S.; Bertel Bruun; and Herbert S. Zim. 2001. "Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus mutus." Pages 88-89. Birds of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. Revised by Jonathan P. Latimer, Karen Stray Nolting and James Coe. Golden Field Guide. New York NY: St. Martin's Press.

Stokes, Donald and Lillian. 1996. "Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus mutus." Page 126. Stokes Field Guide to Birds: Eastern Region. Boston MA; and New York NY: Little Brown and Company; and Toronto ON Canada: Little, Brown & Company (Canada) Limited.

Udvardy, Miklos D. F. 1977. 30 August 1977. "272, 274. Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus) Grouse (Tetraonidae)." Page 764. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds: Western Region. Reprinted eleven times. Thirteenth Printing, May, 1987. New York NY: Borzoi Book, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.; and Toronto, Canada: Random House of Canada Limited.

Thursday, June 1, 2023

Disrespect From Second Son Increased Herodes's Grief for His Daughters

Summary: Disrespect from second son Atticus Bradua escalated Herodes Atticus's grief for his daughters, whose deaths left Atticus as sole surviving offspring.

Two semicircular levels of niched statues in Nymphaeum of Olympia included portrayals of Herodes Atticus, Regilla, older daughter Elpinice, older son Atticus Bradua and, sharing a niche, younger daughter Athenais and younger son Regillus; Friday, Oct. 19, 2018, 21:05:02, image of Nymphaeum of Herodes Atticus in Olympia, with reconstruction of two-story façade of Nymphaeum (top), marble bull offered by Regilla (center left), three-dimensional reconstruction of Nymphaeum (center right) and plan of Sanctuary of Olympia (bottom left): Elżbieta, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Vici.org

Disrespect from second son Atticus Bradua intensified Herodes Atticus's grief for his daughters, whose deaths, occurring within five years of their mother's murder and their youngest brother's infanticide, left Herodes Atticus's likely least favored child as the sole surviving offspring.

Herodes Atticus (Ancient Greek: Ἡρώδης ὁ Ἀττικός; Roman name: Lucius Vibullius Hipparchus Tiberius Claudius Atticus Herodes; 101-177 CE), a wealthy Athenian Greek rhetorician with Roman citizenship, and his wealthy Roman patrician wife, Appia Annia Regilla (full name: Appia Annia Regilla Atilia Caucidia Tertulla; 125-160 CE), known as Regilla, had six children, according to the Genealogical Chart included by American classicist and social historian Sarah B. Pomeroy (born March 13, 1938) in The Murder of Regilla: A Case of Domestic Violence in Antiquity, published in 2007. Their first child, a son, Claudius, was born in 141 CE, according to Pomeroy. Claudius's birthdate was 141-143 CE, according to Welsh author, graphic artist and photographer David John in "Herodes Atticus Children" on his online travel guide, My Favourite Planet.

Their next two children were daughters. Their first daughter, Appia Annia Claudia Atilia Regilla Elpinice Agrippina Atria Polla (Greek: Αππία Αννία Κλαυδία Ατιλία Ρήγιλλα Ελπινίκη Αγριππίνα Ατρία Πώλλα), known as Elpinice (Greek: Ελπινίκη), was born ca. 142 CE, according to Pomeroy, and ca. 143 CE, according to David John. Their second daughter, Marcia Annia Claudia Alcia Athenais Gavidia Latiaria (Greek: Μαρκία Κλαυδία Άλκία Άθηναΐς Γαβιδία Λατιαρία), known as Athenais (Greek: Αθηναΐς), was born ca. 143/144 CE, according to Pomeroy, and circa 145 CE, according to David John.

Herodes Atticus and Regilla's next three children were sons. Their second son, Tiberius Claudius Marcus Appius Atilius Bradua Regillus Atticus, known as Atticus Bradua, was born ca. 145 CE, according to Pomeroy, and ca. 152 CE, according to David John. (David John's date would change the birth order, making Atticus Bradua the third, not the second, son.) The couple's third son, Tiberius Claudius Herodes Lucius Vibullius Regillus, known as Regillus, was born ca. 150 CE, according to Pomeroy, and around 146 CE, according to David John. Herodes Atticus and Regilla's sixth and last child, their fourth son, was born in 160 CE.

Herodes Atticus was charged with murder by his brother-in-law, Appius Annius Atilius Bradua, known as Bradua, who was one of the year's two Roman consuls in 160 CE. Herodes Atticus was acquitted, with his extreme grief listed as a decisive factor in his defense, according to Roman Imperial period Greek sophist Philostratus (Ancient Greek: Φιλόστρατος Philostratos; ca. 170-245/250 CE) in Βίοι σοϕιστῶν ("The Lives of the Sophists"). The Roman Imperial period Greek sophist, who was born approximately seven years before Herodus Atticus's death, wrote his two-book biography between 230 and 238 CE, approximately 70 to 78 years after Regilla's murder.

The Greek rhetorician's expressions of extraordinary grief for his wife's murder diverged from his usual cultivation of the golden mean of moderation (Emily Wilmer Cave France Wright translation of The Lives of the Sophists, 1922; Book II.557, pages 160-161). Yet, approximately 15 to 19 years earlier, he had succumbed to a similarly overwhelming grief with the death of his and Regilla's first child, Claudius (Pomeroy, page 37).

Circa 144-145 CE, approximately 16 years before he became the fifth of the Five Good Roman Emperors, Marcus Aurelius wrote to his tutor, Marcus Cornelius Fronto, requesting that he write a consolatory letter to Herodes Atticus, who was overwhelmed with grief over the death of his first son; Sunday, Sep. 6, 2009, 17:09, image of ca. 140 CE marble portrait of young Marcus Aurelius; Palazzo Nuovo, Capitoline Museums (Italian: Musei Capitolini), Capitoline Hill (Italian: Campidoglio; Latin: Mons Capitolinus), one of Seven Hills of Rome: Marie-Lan Nguyen (Jastrow), Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

"The son of Herodes, born to-day, is dead. Herodes is overwhelmed with grief at his loss. I wish you would write him quite a short letter appropriate to the occasion," adoptive imperial prince Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (April 26, 121-March 17, 180 CE) wrote in a letter to his tutor of Greek, Marcus Cornelius Fronto (ca. 95-ca. 166 CE), dated 144-145 CE (C.R. Haines, translation of The Correspondence of Marcus Cornelius, 1919, page 163).

In compliance with the imperial prince's request, Fronto's consolatory letter of ca. 144-145 CE reminded Herodes Atticus of the ease of acting with composure with respect to a "lesser . . . . evil . . . even if it befall unexpectedly" for an educated person. Additionally, an unreasonable overstep of the bounds preferably references pleasure, not pain.

"But you are not even too old to rear other children," Fronto continued. "Every loss is grievous if hope be cut off with it, but easier to bear if hope of repairing it be left. And he that does not avail himself of this hope is mean-spirited and his own enemy, much more than Fortune. For Fortune takes away the present reality, but he deprives himself of hope as well" (C.R. Haines, pages 168-169).

Third son Regillus's death either occurred ca. 155 CE, according to Pomeroy, or ca. 161 CE, according to David John. The earlier date would have allowed for a second instance of the couple's shared grief over their loss of another child. The later date, which would have taken place after Regilla's murder and the death of her fourth son, would have been experienced by Herodes Atticus as the only parent.

Philostratus did not consider the deaths of the first and third sons in his biography. He segued from Herodes Atticus's grief over Regilla's death to lessened grief, softened by Athenian honors, for second daughter Athenais in 161 CE. Yet, grief returned to overwhelm Herodes Atticus four years later with the death of his first daughter, Elpinice. Disappointment in Atticus Bradua exacerbated Herodes Atticus's grief over Elpinice's death, according to Philostratus.

"He mourned his daughters with this excessive grief because he was offended with his son Atticus. He had been misrepresented to him as foolish, bad at his letters, and of a dull memory. At any rate, when he could not master his alphabet, the idea occurred to Herodes to bring up with him twenty-four boys of the same age named after the letters of the alphabet, so that he would be obliged to learn his letters at the same time as the names of the boys. He saw too that he was a drunkard and given to senseless amours . . ., and hence in his lifetime he used to utter a prophecy over his own house, adapting a famous verse as follows: One fool methinks is still left in the wide house, and when he died he handed over to him his mother's estate, but transferred his own patrimony to other heirs" (Emily Wilmer Cave France Wright translation, 1922; Book II.558, pages 164-165).

Herodes Atticus's paraphrase of the passage ". . . but still, methinks, he lives and is kept on the wide deep . . ." (Odyssey, Book IV, verse 498) epitomized the fractured father-son relationship. The disconsolate father ". . . used to utter a prophecy over his own house, adapting a famous verse as follows: One fool methinks is still left in the wide house . . ."

Inheritance decisions emphasized the irreparable divide between Herodes Atticus and his least favored, and only surviving, offspring. When Herodes Atticus died, "he handed over to him his mother's estate, but transferred his own patrimony to other heirs" (Emily Wilmer Cave France Wright translation, 1922; Book II.558, pages 164-165).

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

Circa 144-145 CE, approximately 16 years before he became the fifth of the Five Good Roman Emperors, Marcus Aurelius wrote to his Latin tutor, Marcus Cornelius Fronto, requesting that he write a consolatory letter to Herodes Atticus, who was overwhelmed with grief over the death of his first son; Sunday, Sep. 6, 2009, 17:09, image of ca. 140 CE marble portrait of young Marcus Aurelius; Palazzo Nuovo, Capitoline Museums (Italian: Musei Capitolini), Capitoline Hill (Italian: Campidoglio; Latin: Mons Capitolinus), one of Seven Hills of Rome: Marie-Lan Nguyen (Jastrow), Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Young_Marcus_Aurelius_Musei_Capitolini_MC279.jpg

Atticus Bradua's younger brother Regillus (full name: Tiberius Claudius Herodes Lucius Vibullius Regillus) lived into childhood but not adulthood, predeceasing his older brother by approximately 48 to 54 years: Wednesday, April 23, 2014, 12:04, statue of Regillus, ca. 149-153 CE, Nymphaeum of Herodes Atticus at Olympia; Archaeological Museum of Olympia (Greek: Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Ολυμπίας), Elis or Ilia (Greek: Ηλεία, Ileia) region, western Peloponnese peninsula (Greek: Πελοπόννησος), southern Greece: Carole Raddato from FRANKFURT, Germany, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_Regillus,_younger_son_of_Herodes_Atticus,_from_the_Nymphaeum_of_Herodes_Atticus_at_Olympia,_dating_from_between_149_and_153_AD_(posthumous),_Olympia_Archaeological_Museum,_Greece_(14027034963).jpg

For further information:

Borg, Barbara E. "Herodes Atticus in Rome: The Triopion Reconsidered." Pages 317-330. In: Catherine M. Draycott, Rubina Raja, Katherine Welch and William T. Wootton, eds., Visual Histories of the Classical World: Essays in Honour of R.R.R. Smith. Studies in Classical Archaeology, vol. 4. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2018.
Available via ResearchGate @ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340655030_Herodes_Atticus_in_Rome_The_Triopion_reconsidered_in_C_M_Draycott_R_Raja_K_Welch_and_W_T_Wootton_eds_Visual_Histories_of_the_Classical_World_Essays_in_Honour_of_RRR_Smith_Turnhout_Brepols_2019_317-30

Gleason, Maud W. "Making Space for Bicultural Identity: Herodes Atticus Commemorates Regilla." In: Walter Scheidel and Brent Shaw, eds., Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics Paper No. 070801. July 1, 2008.
Available via SSRN (Social Science Research Network) @ https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1427349

Gleason, Maud W. "Making Space for Bicultural Identity: Herodes Atticus Commemorates Regilla." Pages 125-162. In: Tim Whitmarsh, ed., Local Knowledge and Microidentities in the Imperial Greek World. (Cambridge University Press, 2010) 125-162.
Available via Academia @ https://www.academia.edu/8957440/_Making_Space_for_Bicultural_Identity_Herodes_Atticus_Commemorates_Regilla_in_T_Whitmarsh_ed_Local_Knowledge_and_Microidentities_in_the_Imperial_Greek_World_Cambridge_University_Press_2010_125_162

Haines, C.R. (Charles Reginald), trans. The Correspondence of Marcus Cornelius Fronto With Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Lucius Verus, Antoninus Pius, and Various Friends. Edited and for the first time translated into English by C.R. Haines. London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, MCMXIX [1919].
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/correspondenceof01fronuoft/

Haines, C.R. (Charles Reginald), trans. "To Herodes From Fronto. ?144-145 A.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . But in lesser evils to act with composure is not difficult. For, indeed, in any case to resent any evil, even if it befall unexpectedly, is unseemly for a man who has tasted of education. But it is in joy that I should be more ready to overstep the bounds, for if we are to act unreasonably it is preferable to do so in reference to pleasure than to pain. But you are not even too old to rear other children. Every loss is grievous if hope be cut off with it, but easier to bear if hope of repairing it be left. And he that does not avail himself of this hope is mean-spirited and his own enemy, much more than Fortune. For Fortune takes away the present reality, but he deprives himself of hope as well. . . ." Pages 168-169. The Correspondence of Marcus Cornelius Fronto With Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Lucius Verus, Antoninus Pius, and Various Friends. Edited and for the first time translated into English by C.R. Haines. London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, MCMXIX [1919].
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/correspondenceof01fronuoft/page/169/mode/1up

Haines, C.R. (Charles Reginald), trans. "144-145 A.D. M. Aurelius Caesar to Fronto his master sends greeting. . . . The son of Herodes, born to-day, is dead. Herodes is overwhelmed with grief at his loss. I wish you would write him quite a short letter appropriate to the occasion." Pages 162-163. The Correspondence of Marcus Cornelius Fronto With Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Lucius Verus, Antoninus Pius, and Various Friends. Edited and for the first time translated into English by C.R. Haines. London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, MCMXIX [1919].
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/correspondenceof01fronuoft/page/163/mode/1up

Hua, James. "Olympia Case Study 2: The Nymphaeum of Herodes Atticus -- a bit too much like father, like son?" Medium > Ostraka. Oct. 18, 2018.
Available @ https://medium.com/ostraka-a-durham-university-classics-society-blog/museology-classics-and-lies-3-case-studies-from-the-museum-of-olympia-4f32e119c658

John, David. "Herodes Atticus." My Favourite Planet > English > People.
Available @ http://www.my-favourite-planet.de/english/people/h1/herodes-atticus.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Did Herodes Atticus Genuinely or Fakely Grieve for His Murdered Wife?" Earth and Space News. May 18, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/did-herodes-atticus-genuinely-or-fakely.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Did Herodes Atticus Have Eight Months Pregnant Wife, Regilla, Killed?" Earth and Space News. May 11, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/did-herodes-atticus-have-eight-months.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Herodes Atticus's Wife's Ancestral Estate Was Near Quintilii's Villa." Earth and Space News. Thursday, May 4, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/herodes-atticuss-wifes-ancestral-estate.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Marcus Aurelius Liking Trojan Quintilii Brothers Upset Herodes Atticus." Earth and Space News. Thursday, April 27, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/marcus-aurelius-liking-trojan-quintilii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Within Five Years of His Wife's Murder, Herodes Grieved His Daughters." Earth and Space News. Thursday, May 25, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/within-five-years-of-his-wifes-murder.html

Perry, Ellen E. "Iconography and the Dynamics of Patronage: A Sarcophagus from the Family of Herodes Atticus." Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, vol. 70, no. 4 (October-December 2001): 461-492.
Available via JSTOR @ https://www.jstor.org/stable/3182055

Pomeroy, Sarah B. The Murder of Regilla: A Case of Domestic Violence in Antiquity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007.
Available via Google Books @ https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Murder_of_Regilla/UsUJS9g6qHgC

Smyth, Katherine. "The Life of Marcus Aurelius: Part I." Classical Wisdom > History > People > Philosophers.
Available @ https://classicalwisdom.com/people/philosophers/the-life-of-marcus-aurelius-part-i/

Taoka, Yasuko. "The Correspondence of Fronto and Marcus Aurelius." Classical Antiquity, vol. 32, no. 2 (October 2013): 406-438.
Available via JSTOR @ https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/ca.2013.32.2.406

Wright, [Emily] Wilmer Cave [France]. ". . . . He mourned his daughters with this excessive grief because he was offended with his son Atticus. He had been misrepreented to him as foolish, bad at his letters, and of a dull memory. At any rate, when he could not master his alphabet, the idea occurred to Herodes to bring up with him twenty-four boys of the same age named after the letters of the alphabet, so that he would be obliged to learn his letters at the same time as the names of the boys. He saw too that he was a drunkard and given to senseless amours, and hence in his lifetime he used to utter a prophecy over his own house, adapting a famous verse as follows: One fool methinks is still left in the wide house, and when he died he handed over to him his mother's estate, but transferred his own patrimony to other heirs. The Athenians, however, thought this inhuman, and they did not take into consideration his foster-sons Achilles, Polydeuces, and Memnon, and that he mourned them as though they have been his own children, since they were highly honourable youths, noble-minded and fond of study, a credit to their upbringing in his house. . . ." Pages 164-167. Philostratus and Eunapius: The Lives of the Sophists, Book II.1.558, pages 164-167. The Loeb Classical Library. London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, MCMXXII [1922].
Available via Google Books Read Free of Charge @ https://www.google.com/books/edition/Philostratus_and_Eunapius/NeYNAQAAIAAJ
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/philostratuseuna00phil/page/165/mode/1up