Met Opera First Performed Beethoven's Ninth Symphony in April 1913

Summary: The Metropolitan Opera first performed Beethoven's Ninth Symphony Sunday, April 13, 1913, as last of the 1912-1913 season's 22 Sunday night concerts.

German concert and operatic German lyric coloratura soprano Frieda Hempel sang the soprano role in the Metropolitan Opera's first performance of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 in D Minor, which was held at the Metropolitan Opera House April 13, 1913, as the last of the 1912-1913 season's 22 Sunday Night Concerts; undated portrait of animal lover Frieda Hempel with her Pomeranian, Pitti, in H.C. Lahee, The Grand Opera Singers of To-Day (1922), opposite page 456: Internet Archive Book Images, Public Domain, via Flickr

The Metropolitan Opera's first performance of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 took place Sunday, April 13, 1913, as the last of 22 Sunday night concerts held in the Metropolitan Opera House in the opera company's 1912-1913 season.

Symphony No. 9 in D Minor, Opus 125, by German composer and pianist Ludwig van Beethoven (bapt. Dec. 17, 1770-March 26, 1827) received two performances in the 1912-1913 season. The symphony's first Met Opera performance took place as a night concert Sunday, April 13, 1913. The second performance was offered as a matinee performance on Friday, April 18.

Arturo Toscanini (March 25, 1867-Jan. 16, 1957) conducted the Ninth Symphony's debut and second performances. The Parma, Emilia-Romagna region-born Italian conductor had made his Met Opera debut Monday, Nov. 16, 1908, in the opera company's 126th performance of Aida by 19th-century Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901). The maestro held his position as Met Opera's conductor for seven seasons. He made his last appearance as Met Opera's conductor on Wednesday, April 14, 1915, in the opera company's 11th performance of Iris by Italian opera composer Pietro Mascagni (Dec. 7, 1863-Aug. 2, 1945).

Italian maestro Arturo Toscanini conducted the Metropolitan Opera's first performance of Beethoven's Sympony No. 9 in D Minor, which took place in the opera company's April 13, 1913, Sunday Night Concert; (top left to right) cantabile, cadenza; (center left to right) allegro agitato; (bottom left to right) sostenuto, maestoso; "Characteristic Poses of Toscanini While Conducting," drawn by American illustrator and painter Arthur I. (Ignatius) Keller (July 4, 1867-Dec. 2, 1924), engraved by R. Varley, in Max Smith, "Toscanini at the Baton," The Century Magazine, vol. LXXXV, no. 5 (March 1913): 700: Not in copyright, via Internet Archive

Beethoven's Ninth Symphony transforms from an orchestral work into a work for chorus and four vocal soloists in the fourth, final movement. Beethoven set the symphony's vocal portion to an adaptation of "An die Freude" ("Ode to Joy"), a lyric poem written in 1785 by 18th-century German physician, philosopher and poet Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (Nov. 10, 1759-May 9, 1805).

Frieda Hempel (June 26, 1885-Oct. 7, 1955) appeared as the symphony's soprano. The German Frieda Hempel (26 June 1885 – 7 October 1955). The German concert and operatic lyric coloratura soprano had made her Met Opera debut Friday, Dec. 27, 1912, as Marguerite de Valois in the opera company's 120th performance of Les Huguenots by German Jewish opera composer Giacomo Meyerbeer (Sep. 5, 1791-May 2, 1864)..

American contralto Louise Homer sang the mezzo-soprano role in the Metropolitan Opera's debut performance of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, held Sunday, April 13, 1913, as the 1912-1913 season's 22nd and last Sunday Night Concert; 1909 portrait of Louise Homer by Bain News Service, George Grantham Bain Collection Library of Congress, Washington DC: No known copyright restrictions, via Library of Congress (LOC) Prints & Photographs Online (PPOC)

Louise Homer (Louise Dilworth Beatty; April 30, 1871-May 6, 1947) appeared as the symphony's mezzo-soprano. The American operatic contralto had made her Met Opera debut Wednesday, Nov. 14, 1900, as Amneris in the opera house's 55th performance of Aida by 19th-century Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901).

Carl Jörn (also Karl Jörn; Jan. 5, 1873-Dec. 19, 1947) appeared as the symphony's tenor. The German-American operatic tenor had made his Met Opera debut Friday, Jan. 22, 1909, as Walther von Stolzing in the opera company's 96th performance of Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg by 19th-century German composer and librettist Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813-Feb. 13, 1883).

German-American operatic tenor Carl (also Karl) Jörn sang the tenor role in the Metropolitan Opera's first performance of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, held Sunday, April 13, 1913, as the 1912-1913 season's 22nd and last Sunday Night Concert; portrait of Carl Jörn with a camera, ca. 1920-1925 by Bain News Service, George Grantham Bain Collection Library of Congress, Washington DC: No known copyright restrictions, via Library of Congress (LOC) Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC)

Putnam Griswold (Dec. 23, 1875-Feb. 26, 1914) appeared as the symphony's bass. The American operatic bass had made his Met Opera debut Thursday, Nov. 23, 1911, as Hagen in the opera company's 72nd performance of Wagner's Götterdämmerung.

The April 13, 1913, Sunday Night Concert's program opened with Richard Wagner's Eine Faust Ouvertüre (Faust Ouverture). Wagner originally completed the piece in 1840 as the first movement of a Faust Symphony, but he revised the work in 1855 as a single-movement concert overture. Till Eulenspiegels Lustige Streiche (Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks), Opus 28, a tone poem by German late Romantic and early modern composer Richard Strauss (June 11, 1864-Sep. 8, 1949), followed Wagner's Faust Overture. Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 in D Minor closed the three-piece concert.

The Metropolitan Opera's 1912-1913 season featured 22 Sunday night concerts. The concerts were held at the Metropolitan Opera House on 22 successive Sunday evenings, beginning with the First Sunday Concert on Sunday, Nov. 17, 1912, and finishing with the Beethoven Symphony No. 9 in D Minor Concert on Sunday, April 13, 1913. The first 20 concerts were identified sequentially as First Sunday Concert through Twentieth Sunday Concert in the Metropolitan Opera Archives (MetOpera Database). The 21st concert, offered Sunday, April 6, was entitled Wagner Concert.

Met Opera's Feb. 24, 2024, Saturday radio matinee airs at 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time as "Mozart and Beethoven in Concert at the Met," under the conductorship of Met Opera's maestro,Yannick Nézet-Séguin. The Saturday broadcast plays the performance of Mozart's Requiem from Friday, Feb. 24, 2023, and the finale of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 from Monday, March 14, 2022.

"Listeners' Choice: Great Met Broadcasts" airs March 2 at 1:00 p.m. as the 2023-2024 season's 13th Saturday matinee radio broadcast. The Saturday, March 2, radio matinee is scheduled to play a TBA (to be announced) opera.

Verdi's La Forza del Destino broadcasts Saturday, March 9, at 12:00 p.m. noon as the 2023-2024 season's 14th Saturday radio matinee. A new production of Verdi's fate-themed opera under the directorship of Polish opera, theatre and film director Mariusz Treliński (born March 28, 1962) debuts in the 2023-2024 season.

American operatic bass Putnam Griswold sang the bass role in the Metropolitan Opera's first performance of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, held April 13, 1913, as the last of the 1912-1913 season's 22 Sunday Night Concerts; portrait of Putnam Griswold, ca. 1912, by Mishkin Studio, New York, in opposite page 340: Internet Archive Book Images, Public Domain, via Flickr

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

German concert and operatic German lyric coloratura soprano Frieda Hempel sang the soprano role in the Metropolitan Opera's first performance of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 in D Minor, which was held at the Metropolitan Opera House April 13, 1913, as the last of the 1912-1913 season's 22 Sunday Night Concerts; undated portrait of animal lover Frieda Hempel with her Pomeranian, Pitti, in H.C. Lahee, The Grand Opera Singers of To-Day (1922), opposite page 456: Internet Archive Book Images, Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14595165340/; via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/grandoperasinger02lahe/page/n568/mode/1up; No known copyright restrictions, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frieda_Hempel_(with_autograph).jpg

Italian maestro Arturo Toscanini conducted the Metropolitan Opera's first performance of Beethoven's Sympony No. 9 in D Minor, which took place in the opera company's April 13, 1913, Sunday Night Concert; (top left to right) cantabile, cadenza; (center left to right) allegro agitato; (bottom left to right) sostenuto, maestoso; "Characteristic Poses of Toscanini While Conducting," drawn by American illustrator and painter Arthur I. (Ignatius) Keller (July 4, 1867-Dec. 2, 1924), engraved by R. Varley, in Max Smith, "Toscanini at the Baton," The Century Magazine, vol. LXXXV, no. 5 (March 1913): 700: Not in copyright, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/centuryillustra01conggoog/page/700/mode/1up

American contralto Louise Homer sang the mezzo-soprano role in the Metropolitan Opera's debut performance of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, held Sunday, April 13, 1913, as the 1912-1913 season's 22nd and last Sunday Night Concert; 1909 portrait of Louise Homer by Bain News Service, George Grantham Bain Collection Library of Congress, Washington DC: No known copyright restrictions, via Library of Congress (LOC) Prints & Photographs Online (PPOC) @ https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2014681848/; No known copyright restrictions, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Louise_Homer_LCCN2014681848.jpg

German-American operatic tenor Carl (also Karl) Jörn sang the tenor role in the Metropolitan Opera's first performance of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, held Sunday, April 13, 1913, as the 1912-1913 season's 22nd and last Sunday Night Concert; portrait of Carl Jörn with a camera, ca. 1920-1925 by Bain News Service, George Grantham Bain Collection Library of Congress, Washington DC: No known copyright restrictions, via Library of Congress (LOC) Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC) @ https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2014713576/

American operatic bass Putnam Griswold sang the bass role in the Metropolitan Opera's first performance of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, held April 13, 1913, as the last of the 1912-1913 season's 22 Sunday Night Concerts; portrait of Putnam Griswold, ca. 1912, by Mishkin Studio, New York, in H.C. Lahee, The Grand Opera Singers of To-Day (1922), opposite page 340: Internet Archive Book Images, Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14778712591/; via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/grandoperasinger02lahe/page/n418/mode/1up; No known copyright restrictions, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Putnam_Griswold_by_Herman_Mishkin.jpg

For further information:

Arakelyan, Ashot. "Karl Jörn (Tenor) (Riga, Latvia 1873 - Denver, Colorado 1947)." Forgotten Opera Singers. May 23, 2015.
Available @ https://forgottenoperasingers.blogspot.com/2015/05/karl-jorn-tenor-riga-latvia-1873-denver.html

Burgwyn, Diana. "The Wonderful World of Opera Dogs: Frieda Hempel -- Opera Star & Dogcatcher." OperaWire. June 23, 2021.
Available @ https://operawire.com/the-wonderful-world-of-opera-dogs-frieda-hempel-opera-star-dogcatcher/

"Concert: Beethoven: Symphony No. 9 in D Minor." MetOpera Database > [Met Concert or Gala] CID: 54693 Concert Beethoven: Symphony No. 9 in D Minor Metropolitan Opera House, Sun, April 13, 1913 Concert Beethoven: Symphony No. 9 in D Minor (1) Metropolitan Opera House April 13, 1913.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0362031

"Concert: Beethooven: Symphony No. 9 in D Minor." MetOpera Database > [Met Concert or Gala] CID: 54699 Concert Beethoven: Symphony No. 9 in D Minor Metropolitan Opera House, Fri, April 18, 1913 Matinee Concert Beethoven: Symphony No. 9 in D Minor (2) Metropolitan Opera House April 18, 1913 Matinee.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0362037

"Debut: Arturo Toscanini, Emmy Destinn, Giulio Rossi, Angelo Badà, Lenora Sparkes, Gina Torriani, Mario Sala, Angelo Parravicini." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 42010 Opening Night {24}, New Production, General Manager: Giulio Gatti-Casazza Aida Metropolitan Opera House, Mon, November 16, 1908. Debut: Arturo Toscanini, Emmy Destinn, Giulio Rossi, Angelo Badà, Lenora Sparkes, Gina Torriani, Mario Sala, Angelo Parravicini. Aida (126) Giuseppe Verdi / Antonio Ghislanzoni.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0360836

"Debut: Carl Jörn, Erik Schubert, Arthur Triebner, Josef Sundermann." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 42870 Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg Metropolitan Opera House, Fri, January 22, 1909. Debut: Carl Jörn, Erik Schubert, Arthur Triebner, Josef Sundermann. Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (96) Richard Wagner / Richard Wagner.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0360922

"Debut: Frieda Hempel, Eva Swain." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 54556 Les Huguenots Metropolitan Opera House, Fri, December 27, 1912. Debut: Frieda Hempel, Eva Swain. In Italian. Les Huguenots (120) Giacomo Meyerbeer / Eugène Scribe / Émile Deschamps.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0361894

"Debut: Louise Homer." MetOpera Database > [Met Tour] CID: 25050 Aida San Francisco, California, Wed, November 14, 1900. Debut: Louise Homer. Aida (55) Giuseppe Verdi / Antonio Ghislanzoni.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0359374

"Debut: Louise Homer." MetOpera Database > Met Performance] CID: 25050 Aida {55} San Francisco, California: 11/14/1900.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=25050

"Debut: Putnam Griswold." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 52100 Götterdämmerung Metropolitan Opera House, Thu, November 23, 1911. Debut: Putnam Griswold. Götterdämmerung (72) Richard Wagner / Richard Wagner.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0361636

"Debuts: Emmy Destinn, Giulio Rossi, Angelo Badà, Lenora Sparkes, Gina Torriani, Arturo Toscanini, Mario Sala, Angels." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 42010 New Production Aida {126} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/16/1908. (Opening Night {24} Giulio Gatti-Casazza, General Manager.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=42010

Lahee, Henry C. (Charles). "Frieda Hempel." Pages 456-459. The Grand Opera Singers of To-day: An Account of the Leading Operatic Stars Who Have Sung During Recent Years, Together With a Sketch of the Chief Operatic Enterprises. Chapter I: The Metropolitan Opera Company 1912-1922, pages 455-497. Boston [MA]: The Page Company, MDCCCCXXII [1922].
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/grandoperasinger02lahe/page/456/mode/1up

Lahee, Henry C. (Charles). "Putnam Griswold." Pages 339-340. The Grand Opera Singers of To-day: An Account of the Leading Operatic Stars Who Have Sung During Recent Years, Together With a Sketch of the Chief Operatic Enterprises. Chapter IV The Metropolitan Opera-House Under Gatti-Casazza and Dippel, pages 260-356. Boston [MA]: The Page Company, MDCCCCXXII [1922].
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/grandoperasinger02lahe/page/339/mode/1up

"Last Performance: Arturo Toscanini." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 59870 Iris Metropolitan Opera House, Wed, April 14, 1915. Iris (11) Pietro Mascagni / Luigi Illica.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0362443

Marriner, Derdriu. "Fidelio Is April 1, 2017, Metropolitan Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast." Earth and Space News. Monday, March 27, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/03/fidelio-is-april-1-2017-metropolitan.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Met Opera Calendars 2023-2024 Season Operas Sep. 26 Through June 8." Earth and Space News. Monday, Sep. 18, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/met-opera-calendars-2023-2024-season.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Met Opera Newly Stages Carmen and La Forza del Destino in 2023-2024." Earth and Space News. Monday, Sep. 11, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/met-opera-newly-stages-carmen-and-la.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "The Metropolitan Opera Performs 18 Operas in the 2023-2024 Season." Earth and Space News. Monday, Aug. 21, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/the-metropolitan-opera-performs-18.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Metropolitan Opera Revives 12 Productions in 2023-2024 Season." Earth and Space News. Monday, Aug. 28, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/metropolitan-opera-revives-12.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Saturday Matinee Broadcasts Include Six Special Programs in 2023-2024." Earth and Space News. Monday, Nov. 27, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/11/saturday-matinee-broadcasts-include-six.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Scotti, Sembrich, Caruso, Homer Sang Last Rigoletto Together April 1905." Earth and Space News. Monday, April 5, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/scotti-sembrich-caruso-homer-sang-last.html

The Metropolitan Opera. "The Metropolitan Opera announces its 2023–24 season, with the most new works in the company’s modern history." The Metropolitan Opera > About > Press Releases. Feb. 22, 2023.
Available @ https://www.metopera.org/about/press-releases/the-metropolitan-opera-announces-its-202324-season-with-the-most-new-works-in-the-companys-modern-history/

The New York Times. "Putnam Griswold, Opera Singer, Dead; American Basso of Metropolitan Succumbs 16 Days - After Appendictis Operation. Decorated by the Kaiser. Considered by German Critics the Greatest Foreign Interpreter of Wagnerian Roles." The New York Times. Feb. 27, 1914.
Available @ https://www.nytimes.com/1914/02/27/archives/putnam-griswold-opera-singer-dead-american-basso-of-metropolitan.html

Pogue, David; and Scott Peck. "Understanding the Classical Music Concert Program." Classical Music For Dummies. 3rd Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2022.
Available @ https://www.dummies.com/article/academics-the-arts/music/general-music/understanding-the-classical-music-concert-program-141998/

Smith, Max. "Toscanini at the Baton." The Century Magazine, vol. LXXXV, no. 5 (March 1913): 691-701.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/centuryillustra01conggoog/page/691/mode/1up
Available via Google Books @ https://books.google.com/books?id=DhoMAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA691

Animals Are Allowed Lives Apart From The Winter Ghosts by Kate Mosse

Summary: Animals are allowed lives apart from The Winter Ghosts, historical fiction novel by Kate Mosse about Good Christians in 14th-century southwestern France.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

Mistle thrush (Turdus viscivorous, from Latin turdus, "[Eurasian] fieldfare [Turdus pilaris], thrush"; and from Latin viscum, “mistletoe” and vorō, “to devour” via Latin viscivorus.) abides in the Languedoc (from French langues de òc, “languages of [south France-mannered] yes”) cultural areas with which Frederick Watson acquaints himself in 1928 and in 1933. That passerine, perching-bird family member acts as the only animal sentient addressed by completest common name in The Winter Ghosts by Kate Mosse; illustration of (2--lower) mistle thrush (Latin: Turdus viscivorus; French: grive draine, "La Drenne") with (1--upper) redwing (Latin: Turdus iliacus; French: grive mauvis, "Le Mauvis) in François-Nicolas Martinet, Histoire des oiseaux peints dans tous leurs aspects apparents et sensibles, ornée de planches coloriées, tome V (1796), numéro XIX: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Animals are allowed lives apart from The Winter Ghosts, historical fiction by Kate Mosse about Good Christians, also acknowledged as Albigensians and Cathars (from Greek καθαροί, “pure ones”) in 14th-century southwestern France.

Cathar castles brought together in walled settlements, built as bigger cities or small villages, on flat land-surrounded low hills and on rugged mountain tops, Cathar believers. Les châteaux cathares (from French les châteaux cathares, “the castles cathar”) conserved wild animals and plants in woodlands close by bird- and livestock-friendly cultivated crop lands. Cathar dwellers developed difficult domains, daunting to dwellers northward, in Aguilar, Arques, Carcassone, Foix, Lastours-Cabaret, Minerve, Montségur, Narbonne, Peyrepertuse, Puilaurens, Puivert, Quéribus, Rennes-le-château, Termes and Villerouge-Termenès.

Cathar exponents equally expertly, sustainably, uniquely evolved exacting environments, execrated by their enemies ensconced northward, in Durfort, Fanjeaux, Laurac, Mas-Saintes-Puelles, Padern, Pieusse, Roquefixade, Saissac and Usson.

Cathar faithful found bears, foxes, rabbits, wild boars and wolves featured among woodland wildlife and foxes, rabbits and scrub birds figured among farm and field foragers.

Cathar-guided grounds guard blackbird (Turdus merula) and thrush members of Turdidae passerine, perching-bird family and robin (Erithacus rubecula) members of the Muscicapidae Old World flycatchers family. Frederick Watson, as Freddie, heads the historical fiction novel where he hails farm and field foragers and woodland wildlife by their common, not their scientific, names. He identifies by completest common name only the open-country, scrub-bird indicated as mistle thrush (Turdus viscivorus), integrated taxonomically by Carl Linnaeus (May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778).

Farmland, field and woodland animals, whose expected natural lifespans only necessary food-gathering and textile- and tool-sourcing jeopardize, journey judiciously through The Winter Ghosts by Kate Mosse.

Freddie knows how to keep apart similar Turdidae (from Latin turdus, “fetty/fettyfare/fieldfare/[Eurasian] large thrush [Turdus pilaris]”; Latin -idæ from Greek -ειδής/εἶδος, “-resembling/resemblance”) calls, cries and songs.

His listening for animal-sentient life in 14th- and 20th-century Cathar-legacied lands leads him to barking dogs and bleating sheep living long in Languedoc, not Languedoïl, lands. He mentions Languedoc (from French langues de òc, “languages of [south France-mannered] yes”), not Languedoïl (from French langues de oïl, “languages of [north France-mannered] yes”), animals. He never directly names bees or cows or fish or goats or pigs even as he notes edible products from such insects, such livestock, such seafood.

Female poultry and male poultry offer edible chicken meat obtained by village occupants in The Winter Ghosts by Kate Mosse even as Freddie only observes hens.

We presume the Languedoc presence of honey bees (Apis mellifera) even as female workers produce from plant nectar and pollen Languedoc honey perfect for Saint-Étienne preparations.

Livestock such as cows and goats, quested for butter, and pigs, quested for bacon, salted ham and pork, queue alongside the sheep quested for edible mutton. Freddie runs across no cows even as young bulls or one-plus-year-old uncalved females realize Bibent restaurant filet mignon (from French fil -et, “thread-let” and mignon, "tender[loin]"). Trout served with chicken, mutton and salted pork suggests carnivorous, freshwater, ray-finned Salmonidae (from Latin salmō -idæ [from Greek -ειδής/εἶδος] -appearing/appearance”) family lake-, river-, wetland-swimming membership.

Farm, field, woodland animals as edible bacon, beef tenderloin, butter, chicken, ham, honey, mutton, pork and trout turn The Winter Ghosts by Kate Mosse traditionally tasty.

Café Bibent (from Latin bibent, "they drink") in Toulouse (from Latin Tolōsa, perhaps from Irish Gaelic tulach, "hill") ambiances of Cathar (from Greek καθαροί, “pure ones”) cultural areas addresses no Cathar-affiliated appetites anciently archived in area farms and villages. Its audience, such as Frederick Watson in The Winter Ghosts by Kate Mosse, applauds its appetizing filet mignon (from French fil -et, “thread-let” and mignon, "tender[loin]"); postcard of Café Bibent, ca. 1907, 5 place du Capitole, Toulouse, published by Toulouse-based Éditions Labouche frères, founded in 1848: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Mistle thrush (Turdus viscivorous, from Latin turdus, "[Eurasian] fieldfare [Turdus pilaris], thrush"; and from Latin viscum, “mistletoe” and vorō, “to devour” via Latin viscivorus.) abides in the Languedoc (from French langues de òc, “languages of [south France-mannered] yes”) cultural areas with which Frederick Watson acquaints himself in 1928 and in 1933. That passerine, perching-bird family member acts as the only animal sentient addressed by completest common name in The Winter Ghosts by Kate Mosse; illustration of (2--lower) mistle thrush (Latin: Turdus viscivorus; French: grive draine, "La Drenne") with (1--upper) redwing (Latin: Turdus iliacus; French: grive mauvis, "Le Mauvis) in François-Nicolas Martinet, Histoire des oiseaux peints dans tous leurs aspects apparents et sensibles, ornée de planches coloriées, tome V (1796), numéro XIX: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:François-Nicolas_Martinet_-_Histoire_des_oiseaux_-_V_-_grive_mauvis_et_grive_draine.jpg; Public Domain, via BnF (Bibliothèque nationale de France) Gallica @ https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8454704r.texteImage

Café Bibent (from Latin bibent, "they drink") in Toulouse (from Latin Tolōsa, perhaps from Irish Gaelic tulach, "hill") ambiances of Cathar (from Greek καθαροί, “pure ones”) cultural areas addresses no Cathar-affiliated appetites anciently archived in area farms and villages. Its audience, such as Frederick Watson in The Winter Ghosts by Kate Mosse, applauds its appetizing filet mignon (from French fil -et, “thread-let” and mignon, "tender[loin]"); postcard of Café Bibent, ca. 1907, 5 place du Capitole, Toulouse, published by Toulouse-based Éditions Labouche frères, founded in 1848: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:P548-394.jpg

For further information:

Dictionnaire de l’Occitan Médiéval. DOM en ligne. Munich, Germany: Bavarian Academy of Sciences..
Available @ https://dom-en-ligne.de/dom.php?lhid=4dqN83calp4xbiz5Nsx8Wu

Lepage, Denis. 2024. Avibase – Bird Checklists of the World France.” Avibase – The World Bird Database > Checklists > Avibase – Bird Checklists of the World > Europe > France.
Available @ https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?region=FR

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 February 2024. "Plants Are Allowed Lives Apart From The Winter Ghosts by Kate Mosse." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/02/plants-are-allowed-lives-apart-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 February 2024. "Brian Gallagher Adds Graphic Art to The Winter Ghosts by Kate Mosse." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/02/brian-gallagher-adds-graphic-art-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 January 2024. "Kate Mosse Adds A Fictitious Place to Real Places in The Winter Ghosts." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/01/kate-mosse-adds-fictitious-place-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 January 2024. "Kate Mosse Assembles Fictitious and Real People in The Winter Ghosts." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/01/kate-mosse-assembles-fictitious-and.html

Mosse, Kate. October 2009. The Winter Ghosts. London UK: Orion Publishing Group.

Lunar D. Brown Crater Honors Columbia Mission Specialist David Brown

Summary: Lunar D. Brown Crater honors Space Shuttle Columbia Mission Specialist David Brown, who perished with his six colleagues on the spaceplane in 2003.

During his first and only spaceflight, David Brown, mission specialist 1 of Space Shuttle Columbia's 28th mission, STS-107 (Thursday, Jan. 16, to Saturday, Feb. 1, 2003), reviews paperwork preparatory to working on experiments on the space shuttle orbiter's SPACEHAB Research Double Module (RDM); NASA ID S107E05025: Not subject to copyright, via NASA Image and Video Library

The lunar southern hemisphere's far side D. Brown Crater honors Space Shuttle Columbia Mission Specialist 1 David McDowell Brown (April 16, 1956-Feb. 1, 2003), who perished during his first spaceflight, along with six colleagues, as the shuttle orbiter re-entered Earth's atmosphere Saturday, Feb. 1, 2003.

The lunar far side's seven craters named for Columbia astronauts inhabit the southeastern interior of Apollo Crater. Also known as Apollo Basin, the conspicuous crater resides as a basin-within-a-basin in the immense South Pole-Aitken (SPA) Basin. Apollo Crater lies in the SPA Basin's northeastern quadrant, according to Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center's mineralogy and petrology specialist, Canadian-American geologist Donald Allen Morrison (July 19, 1936-Jan. 16, 2021), and then Lunar and Planetary Institute postdoctoral researcher, American physicist and planetary geologist D. Benjamin J. Bussey, in their paper, "The Apollo and Korolev basins and the stratigraphy of the lunar crust," presented at the 28th Lunar and Planetary Sciences Conference (LPSC 1997), held in Houston, Texas, March 17-21, 1997.

Apollo Crater is centered at minus 35.69 degrees south latitude, minus 151.48 degrees west longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The southern hemisphere crater's northernmost and southernmost latitudes extend from minus 28.12 degrees south to minus 44.19 degrees south, respectively. The worn geologic structure's easternmost and westernmost longitudes stretch from minus 140.58 degrees west to minus 162.07 degrees west, respectively. Apollo Crater's diameter spans 524.23 kilometers.

United States Navy captain and NASA astronaut David Brown's crater is centered at minus 41.65 degrees south latitude, minus 147.16 degrees west longitude. It records its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 41.38 degrees south and minus 41.91 degrees south, respectively. It registers its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 146.80 degrees west and minus 147.52 degrees west, respectively. D. Brown Crater has a diameter of 16.12 kilometers.

D. Brown Crater nestles near McCool and Ramon craters. McCool Crater's location to the northeast of D. Brown Crater qualifies as the easternmost position among the lunar far side's Columbia craters. Ramon Crater is sited to the west of McCool Crater and to the northwest of D. Brown Crater.

McCool Crater honors American naval officer and aviator, test pilot, aeronautical engineer and NASA astronaut William Cameron McCool (born William Cameron Graham; Sep. 23, 1961-Feb. 1, 2003). McCool's position as the STS-107 mission's Pilot marked his first and only spaceflight.

McCool Crater is centered at minus 41.28 degrees south latitude, minus 146.26 degrees west longitude. It identifies its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 40.94 degrees south and minus 41.62 degrees south latitude, respectively. It attains its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 145.81 degrees west and minus 146.71 degrees west, respectively. McCool Crater has a diameter of 20.47 kilometers.

Ramon Crater honors Ilan Ramon (born Ilan Wolferman; June 20, 1954-Feb 1, 2003). The Israeli Air Force (IAF) fighter pilot and first Israeli astronaut served as Space Shuttle Columbia's Payload Specialist for his first and only spaceflight.

Ramon Crater is centered at minus 41.23 degrees south latitude, minus 148.08 degrees west longitude. Ramon Crater parameterizes its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 40.97 degrees south and minus 41.49 degrees south, respectively. It maps its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 147.71 degrees west and minus 148.45 degrees west, respectively. Ramon Crater has a diameter of 17.23 kilometers.

M. Anderson Crater's position to the northwest of D. Brown Crater qualifies as the westernmost position among the lunar far side's Columbia craters. M. Anderson Crater resides to the west of Ramon Crater.

M. Anderson Crater honors Michael Phillip Anderson (Dec. 25, 1959-Feb. 1, 2003). The United States Air Force officer and NASA astronaut served as Payload Commander and Mission Specialist 3 for his second spaceflight.

M. Anderson Crater is centered at minus 41.21 degrees south latitude, minus 148.99 degrees west longitude. It ends its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 40.93 degrees south and minus 41.49 degrees south, respectively. It confines its easternmost and westernmost longitudes to minus 148.62 degrees west and minus 149.36 degrees west, respectively. M. Anderson Crater has a diameter of 16.94 kilometers.

Craters named for Space Shuttle Columbia's seven fallen astronaut occur in the southeastern interior of Apollo Crater, also known as Apollo Basin, an enormous impact crater in the southern hemisphere on the lunar far side; Moon 1:10 million-scale Shaded Relief and Color-coded Topography: via Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Husband Crater's position to the northwest of D. Brown Crater qualifies as the northernmost among the lunar far side's Columbia craters. Husband Crater lies north of Ramon Crater and northeast of M. Anderson Crater.

Husband Crater honors Richard "Rick" Douglas Husband (July 12, 1957-Feb. 1, 2003). For his second spaceflight, the American fighter pilot and NASA astronaut served as commander of Space Shuttle Columbia's last, tragic flight, Thursday, Jan. 16, to Saturday, Feb. 1, 2003.

Commander Rick Husband's lunar crater is centered at minus 40.32 degrees south latitude, minus 147.84 degrees west longitude. It credits its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 39.85 degrees south and minus 40.78 degrees south, respectively. It finalizes its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 147.17 degrees west and minus 148.51 degrees west, respectively.

Husband Crater's diameter measures 31.26 kilometers. Its diameter qualifies as the largest among the lunar far side's Columbia craters.

D. Brown Crater associates with Chawla and L. Clark craters as southern neighbors. Chawla Crater is located to the south of D. Brown Crater. L. Clark Crater's position to the south of Chawla Crater qualifies as the southernmost among the lunar far side's Columbia craters.

Chawla Crater honors first Indian female astronaut and first Indian-American astronaut Kalpana "K.C." Chawla (March 17, 1962-Feb. 1, 2003). For her second spaceflight, the aerospace engineer, aerobatic pilot and NASA astronaut served as Mission Specialist 2 on Space Shuttle Columbia's last, fatal mission.

Chawla Crater is centered at minus 42.48 degrees south latitude, minus 147.49 degrees west longitude. It determines its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 42.24 degrees south and minus 42.71 degrees south, respectively. It achieves its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 147.17 degrees west and minus 147.80 degrees west, respectively.

Chawla Crater has a diameter of 14.25 kilometers. Its littleness qualifies Chawla Crater as the smallest of the lunar far side's Columbia Craters.

L. Clark Crater honors Laurel Blair Salton Clark (March 10, 1961-Feb. 1, 2003). For her first and only spaceflight, the American Naval Flight Surgeon and NASA astronaut served as Mission Specialist 4 on Space Shuttle Columbia's fatal 28th mission.

L. Clark Crater is centered at minus 43.34 degrees south latitude, minus 147.70 degrees west longitude. It finds its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 43.08 degrees south and minus 43.59 degrees south, respectively. It meets its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 147.35 degrees west and minus 148.04 degrees west, respectively. L. Clark Crater has a diameter of 15.30 kilometers.

The International Astronomical Union granted official approval of D. Brown Crater’s name in 2006, during the organization’s XXVIth (26th) General Assembly, held Monday, Aug. 14, to Friday, Aug. 25, in Prague, Czech Republic. Batch approval of all seven Columbia-themed craters occurred during the XXVIth General Assembly.

Detail of Lunar Aeronautical Chart (LAC) 121 shows the seven southern hemisphere craters honoring Mission Specialist David Brown and his six Space Shuttle Columbia colleagues in the lunar far side's Apollo Basin: image credit NASA/GSFC/ASU, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

During his first and only spaceflight, David Brown, mission specialist 1 of Space Shuttle Columbia's 28th mission, STS-107 (Thursday, Jan. 16, to Saturday, Feb. 1, 2003), reviews paperwork on Friday, Jan. 17, 2003, preparatory to working on experiments on the space shuttle orbiter's SPACEHAB Research Double Module (RDM); NASA ID S107E05025: Not subject to copyright, via NASA Image and Video Library @ https://images.nasa.gov/details/S107E05025

Craters named for Space Shuttle Columbia's seven fallen astronaut occur in the southeastern interior of Apollo Crater, also known as Apollo Basin, an enormous impact crater in the southern hemisphere on the lunar far side; Moon 1:10 million-scale Shaded Relief and Color-coded Topography: via Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://asc-planetarynames-data.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/moon_farside.pdf

Detail of Lunar Aeronautical Chart (LAC) 121 shows the seven southern hemisphere craters honoring Mission Specialist David Brown and his six Space Shuttle Columbia colleagues in the lunar far side's Apollo Basin: image credit NASA/GSFC/ASU, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://asc-planetarynames-data.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/Lunar/lac_121_wac.pdf

For further information:

Arizona State University Apollo Image Archive. "Featured Image -- 07/14/2009 Aitken Crater." ASU (Arizona State University) SER (Space Exploration Resources) Apollo Image Archive > Featured Image List.
Available @ http://apollo.sese.asu.edu/LIW/20090714.html

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Apollo.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010, 12:00 p.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/326

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Borman.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010, 12:00 p.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/827

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Chawla.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010, 12:00 p.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14139

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “D. Brown.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010, 12:00 p.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14138

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Husband.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010, 12:00 p.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14140

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “L. Clark.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010, 12:00 p.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14143

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “M. Anderson.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Feb. 1, 2011, 2:19 p.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14137

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “McCool.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010, 12:00 p.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14141

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Ramon.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010, 12:00 p.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14142

Marriner, Derdriu. "Ilan Ramon Had Moon Landscape Drawing by Petr Ginz on Columbia Shuttle." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Jan. 10, 2024.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/01/ilan-ramon-had-moon-landscape-drawing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Lunar Far Side Husband Crater Honors Columbia Commander Rick Husband." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Jan. 24, 2024.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/01/lunar-far-side-husband-crater-honors.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Lunar Far Side McCool Crater Honors Columbia Pilot William McCool." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Jan. 31, 2024.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/01/lunar-far-side-mccool-crater-honors.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Lunar Far Side Ramon Crater Honors First Israeli Astronaut Ilan Ramon." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Jan. 17, 2024.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/01/lunar-far-side-ramon-crater-honors.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "M. Anderson Crater Honors Columbia Payload Commander Michael Anderson." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Feb. 7, 2024.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/02/m-anderson-crater-honors-columbia.html

The Moon Wiki. “Apollo.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > A Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Apollo

The Moon Wiki. “Borman.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > B Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Borman

The Moon Wiki. “Chawla.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > C Nomenclature.
Available @ http://the-moon.us/wiki/Chawla

The Moon Wiki. “D. Brown.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > D Nomenclature.
Available @ http://the-moon.us/wiki/D._Brown

The Moon Wiki. “Husband.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > H Nomenclature.
Available @ http://the-moon.us/wiki/Husband

The Moon Wiki. “L. Clark.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > L Nomenclature.
Available @ http://the-moon.us/wiki/L._Clark

The Moon Wiki. “M. Anderson.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > M Nomenclature.
Available @ http://the-moon.us/wiki/M._Anderson

The Moon Wiki. “McCool.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > M Nomenclature.
Available @ http://the-moon.us/wiki/McCool

The Moon Wiki. “Ramon.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > R Nomenclature.
Available @ http://the-moon.us/wiki/Ramon

Morrison, Donald A. (Allen); and D. Ben J. Bussey. "The Apollo and Korolev basins and the stratigraphy of the lunar crust." Pages 987-988. Lunar and Planetary Science XXVIII: Abstracts of Papers Submitted to the Twenty-eighth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 17-21, 1997, Part 2 P-Z (1057-1638). Houston TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 1997.
Available via Harvard ADSABS (NASA Astrophysics Data System Abstracts) @ https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1997LPI....28..987M
Available via Harvard ADSABS (NASA Astrophysics Data System Abstracts) @ https://adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1997LPI....28..987M

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. "David Brown, Mission Specialist." National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Biographies.html
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Troxell/Columbia%20Web%20Site/Biographies/Crew%20Profile%20Information/Crew%20Profiles/Brown.htm
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Troxell/Columbia%20Web%20Site/Biographies/Crew%20Profile%20Information/Crew%20Biographies/Brown%20Astronaut%20Bio%20Data.htm

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. "Ilan Ramon, Payload Specialist." National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.
Available via NASA @ https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ramon.pdf
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Biographies.html
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Troxell/Columbia%20Web%20Site/Biographies/Crew%20Profile%20Information/Crew%20Profiles/Ramon.htm
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Troxell/Columbia%20Web%20Site/Biographies/Crew%20Profile%20Information/Crew%20Biographies/PAYLOA%7E1.HTM

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. "Kalpana Chawla, Mission Specialist." National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Biographies.html
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Troxell/Columbia%20Web%20Site/Biographies/Crew%20Profile%20Information/Crew%20Profiles/Chawla.htm
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Troxell/Columbia%20Web%20Site/Biographies/Crew%20Profile%20Information/Crew%20Biographies/ASTRON%7E1.HTM

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. "Laurel Blair Salton Clark, Mission Specialist." National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Biographies.html
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Troxell/Columbia%20Web%20Site/Biographies/Crew%20Profile%20Information/Crew%20Profiles/Clark.htm
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Troxell/Columbia%20Web%20Site/Biographies/Crew%20Profile%20Information/Crew%20Biographies/Clark%20Astronaut%20Bio%20Data.htm

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. "Michael P. Anderson, Payload Commander." National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Biographies.html
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Troxell/Columbia%20Web%20Site/Biographies/Crew%20Profile%20Information/Crew%20Profiles/Anderson.htm
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Troxell/Columbia%20Web%20Site/Biographies/Crew%20Profile%20Information/Crew%20Biographies/anderson_biodata.htm

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. "Rick D. Husband, Commander." National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Biographies.html
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Troxell/Columbia%20Web%20Site/Biographies/Crew%20Profile%20Information/Crew%20Profiles/Husband.htm
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Troxell/Columbia%20Web%20Site/Biographies/Crew%20Profile%20Information/Crew%20Biographies/ASTRON%7E2.HTM

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. "William C. McCool, Pilot." National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Biographies.html
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Troxell/Columbia%20Web%20Site/Biographies/Crew%20Profile%20Information/Crew%20Profiles/McCool.htm
Available via NASA History @ https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Troxell/Columbia%20Web%20Site/Biographies/Crew%20Profile%20Information/Crew%20Biographies/McCool%20Astronaut%20Bio%20Data.htm

Robinson, Mark. "Challenger Astronauts Memorialized on the Moon." ASU (Arizona State University) SESE (School of Earth and Space Exploration) LROC (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera) > Posts. Jan. 28, 2011.
Available via ASU SESE LROC @ http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/posts/281

van der Hucht, Karel, ed. XXVIth General Assembly Transactions of the IAU Vol. XXVI B Proceedings of the 26th General Assembly Prague, Czech Republic, August 14-25, 2006. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, Dec. 30, 2008. Available @ https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/transactions_b/

Un Ballo in Maschera Is Feb. 17, 2024, Met Opera Saturday Broadcast

Summary: Un Ballo in Maschera is the Feb. 17, 2024, Met Opera Saturday matinee broadcast, airing as 11th of the 2023-2024 season's 27 Saturday radio broadcasts.

(top left) Quinn Kelsey as Count Anckarström (left) with Charles Castronovo as King Gustav III, (top right) Angela Meade as Amelia Anckarström, (middle right) Liv Redpath as King Gustavo's page Oscar with Charles Castronovo as King Gustavo III and (bottom right) Olesya Petrova as fortune teller Ulrica with Charles Castronovo as disguised King Gustavo III in Met Opera's 2023-2024 season revival of David Alden's 2012-2013 production of Verdi's Un Ballo in Maschera: The Metropolitan Opera, via Facebook Oct. 20, 2023

Un Ballo in Maschera by Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901) received nine performances in the 2023-2024 season. The first through ninth, closing performances were held Friday, Oct. 20, at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time; Tuesday, Oct. 24, at 7:30 p.m.; Friday, Oct. 27, at 8:00 p.m.; Tuesday, Oct. 31, at 8:00 p.m.; Saturday, Nov. 4, at 1:00 p.m.; Wednesday, Nov. 8, at 7:30 p.m.; Saturday matinee, Nov. 11, at 12:30 p.m.; Wednesday, Nov. 15, at 7:30 p.m.; and Saturday, Nov. 18, at 8:00 p.m. The Feb. 17 Saturday matinee radio broadcast airs a performance from autumn 2023.

Carlo Rizzi conducted all nine performances in the 2023-2024 season. The Italian conductor had made his Met Opera debut Friday, Oct. 29, 1993, in the opera company’s 989th performance of La Bohème by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924). Maestro Rizzi's conductorship of Un Ballo in Maschera added a 19th opera to his Met Opera portfolio.

Charles Castronovo appeared in all nine performances as King Gustavo III, assassinated by the husband of the woman he loves. The American operatic tenor had made his Met Opera debut Monday, Sept. 27, 1999, as Beppe in the opera company's 678th performance of Pagliacci by Italian opera composer and librettist Ruggero Leoncavallo (April 23, 1857-Aug. 9, 1919). His appearances as King Gustavo III added a 10th opera to Charles Castronovo's Met Opera portfolio.

Angela Meade appeared in all nine performances as Amelia, wife of King Gustavo III's secretary and friend, Count Anckarström, and reciprocally loved by King Gustavo. The American operatic soprano had made her Met Opera debut Friday, March 21, 2008, in the opera company’s 83rd performance of Verdi's Ernani. Her appearances as Amelia added a 12th opera to Angela Meade's Met Opera portfolio.

Quinn Kelsey appeared in all nine performances as Count Anckarström, whose mistaken belief of his wife's infidelity impels him to assassinate King Gustavo III. The Hawaiian baritone had made his Met Opera debut Saturday, March 29, 2008, as Schaunard in the opera company's 1,194th performance of La Bohème by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924). His appearances as Count Anckarström added an eighth opera to Quinn Kelsey's Met Opera portfolio.

Liv Redpath appeared in the first through sixth and eighth through ninth, closing performances as Oscar, King Gustavo III's page, who ultimately betrays his king by revealing King Gustavo's costume to assassin Count Anckarström. Liv Redpath's appearance Friday, Oct. 20, 2023, in the 2023-2024 season's first performance of Verdi's Ballo marked the American coloratura soprano's Met Opera debut.

Liv Redpath shared the role with American coloratura soprano Marielle Murphy, who sang Oscar in the seventh performance. Marielle Murphy's appearance in the seventh performance, the Nov. 11 Saturday matinee, marked her Met Opera debut.

Olesya Petrova appeared all nine performances as fortune teller Ulrica, who discerns King Gustavo's assassination by a friend from reading his palm. The Russian mezzo-soprano had made her Met Opera debut Monday, March 24, 2014, as Madelon in the opera company’s 180th performance of Andrea Chénier by Italian verismo (“realism”) composer Umberto Giordano (Aug. 28, 1867-Nov. 12, 1948).

American stage director David Alden (born Oct. 16, 1949) directed the 2023-2024 production of Verdi's Un Ballo in Maschera, which was performed as the second revival of his new 2012-2013 season production. The American stage director had made his Met Opera debut Thursday, Nov. 8, 2012, in his new production of Un Ballo in Maschera, which occurred in the opera company's 288th performance of the Verdian masked opera.

David Alden's production team comprised Paul Steinberg, set designer; Brigitte Reiffenstuel, costume designer; Adam Silverman, lighting designer; and Maxine Braham, choreographer. All four production team members had made their Met Opera debut Thursday, Nov. 8, 2012, in their director's new production of Un Ballo in Maschera.

Two special programs air consecutively as the 2023-2024 season's 12th and 13th Saturday matinee radio broadcasts. The Feb. 24 Saturday radio matinee, "Mozart and Beethoven in Concert at the Met," broadcasts the Feb. 24, 2023, performance of Mozart's Requiem and the March 14, 2022, finale of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9. The March 2 Saturday radio matinee, "Listeners' Choice: Great Met Broadcasts," airs a TBA (to be announced) opera.

Verdi's La Forza del Destino airs Saturday, March 9, at 12:00 p.m. noon as the 2023-2024 season's 14th Saturday matinee radio broadcast. The 2023-2024 season's presentation of Verdi's fate-themed opera debuts a new production under the directorship of Polish opera, theatre and film director Mariusz Treliński (born March 28, 1962).

(top left) Charles Castronovo (left) as King Gustavo III with Quinn Kelsey as Count Anckarström, (top right) Charles Castronovo (left) as King Gustavo with Angela Meade as Amelia Anckarström, (bottom left) Liv Redpath as King Gustavo's page Oscar, (center bottom) Charles Castronovo (left) as King Gustavo with Angela Meade as Amelia Anckarström and (bottom right) Angela Meade (left) as Amelia Anckarström with Quinn Kelsey as Count Anckarström during early rehearsals for Met Opera's 2023-2024 season revival of David Alden's 2012-2013 production of Verdi's Un Ballo in Maschera: The Metropolitan Opera, via Facebook Oct. 13, 2023

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

(top left) Quinn Kelsey as Count Anckarström (left) with Charles Castronovo as King Gustav III, (top right) Angela Meade as Amelia Anckarström, (middle right) Liv Redpath as King Gustavo's page Oscar with Charles Castronovo as King Gustavo III and (bottom right) Olesya Petrova as fortune teller Ulrica with Charles Castronovo as disguised King Gustavo III in Met Opera's 2023-2024 season revival of David Alden's 2012-2013 production of Verdi's Un Ballo in Maschera: The Metropolitan Opera, via Facebook Oct. 20, 2023, @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/posts/879459600215477/

(top left) Charles Castronovo (left) as King Gustavo III with Quinn Kelsey as Count Anckarström, (top right) Charles Castronovo (left) as King Gustavo with Angela Meade as Amelia Anckarström, (bottom left) Liv Redpath as King Gustavo's page Oscar, (center bottom) Charles Castronovo (left) as King Gustavo with Angela Meade as Amelia Anckarström and (bottom right) Angela Meade (left) as Amelia Anckarström with Quinn Kelsey as Count Anckarström during early rehearsals for Met Opera's 2023-2024 season revival of David Alden's 2012-2013 production of Verdi's Un Ballo in Maschera: The Metropolitan Opera, via Facebook Oct. 13, 2023, @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/posts/875509590610478/

For further information:

"Debut: Angela Meade." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 352433 Ernani Metropolitan Opera House, Fri, March 21, 2008 Broadcast. Debut: Angela Meade. Ernani (83). Giuseppe Verdi / Francesco Maria Piave.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0384005

“Debut: Angela Meade.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 352433 Ernani {83} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/21/2008.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=352433

"Debut: Carlo Rizzi." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 314310 La Bohème Metropolitan Opera House, Fri, October 29, 1993. Debut: Carlo Rizzi. La Bohème (989) Giacomo Puccini / Luigi Illica/Giuseppe Giacosa.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0380394

“Debut: Carlo Rizzi.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 314310 > La Bohème {989} Metropolitan Opera House: 10/29/1993.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=314310

"Debut: José Cura, Charles Castronovo." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 332000 Opening Night {115}, General Manager: Joseph Volpe Cavalleria Rusticana Pagliacci. Metropolitan Opera House, Mon, September 27, 1999. Debut : José Cura, Charles Castronovo. Cavalleria Rusticana (636) Pietro Mascagni / Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti, Guido Menasci.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0381753

"Debut: Liv Redpath." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 0357895 Un Ballo in Maschera Metropolitan Opera House, Fri, October 20, 2023. Debut: Liv Redpath. Un Ballo in Maschera (303). Giuseppe Verdi / Antonio Somma.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0387314

"Debut: Marielle Murphy." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 387338 Un Ballo in Maschera Metropolitan Opera House, Sat, November 11, 2023 Matinee. Debut: Marielle Murphy. Un Ballo in Maschera (309) Giuseppe Verdi / Antonio Somma.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0387338

“Debut: Olesya Petrova.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 355386 Andrea Chénier {180} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/24/2014.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=355386

"Debut: Quinn Kelsey." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 352451 La Bohème Metropolitan Opera House, Sat, March 29, 2008. Debut: Quinn Kelsey. La Bohème (1194) Giacomo Puccini / Luigi Illica/Giuseppe Giacosa.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0384014

“Debut: Quinn Kelsey.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 352451 La Bohème {1194} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/29/2008.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=352451

"Debuts: José Cura, Charles Castronovo." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 332000 Cavalleria Rusticana {636} Pagliacci {678} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/27/1999.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=332000

Marriner, Derdriu. "Met Opera Calendars 2023-2024 Season Operas Sep. 26 Through June 8." Earth and Space News. Monday, Sep. 18, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/met-opera-calendars-2023-2024-season.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Met Opera Newly Stages Carmen and La Forza del Destino in 2023-2024." Earth and Space News. Monday, Sep. 11, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/met-opera-newly-stages-carmen-and-la.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "The Metropolitan Opera Performs 18 Operas in the 2023-2024 Season." Earth and Space News. Monday, Aug. 21, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/the-metropolitan-opera-performs-18.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Metropolitan Opera Revives 12 Productions in 2023-2024 Season." Earth and Space News. Monday, Aug. 28, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/metropolitan-opera-revives-12.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Saturday Matinee Broadcasts Include Six Special Programs in 2023-2024." Earth and Space News. Monday, Nov. 27, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/11/saturday-matinee-broadcasts-include-six.html

The Metropolitan Opera. "The Metropolitan Opera announces its 2023–24 season, with the most new works in the company’s modern history." The Metropolitan Opera > About > Press Releases. Feb. 22, 2023.
Available @ https://www.metopera.org/about/press-releases/the-metropolitan-opera-announces-its-202324-season-with-the-most-new-works-in-the-companys-modern-history/

The Metropolitan Opera. "Verdi’s Un Ballo in Maschera opens in one week! Have you snagged a ticket yet? As we prepare for this production’s long-awaited return, enjoy these pictures from an early stage rehearsal. The all-star cast features tenor Charles Castronovo as Gustavo III, soprano Angela Meadeas Amelia, baritone Quinn Kelsey as Count Anckarström, mezzo-soprano Olesya Petrova as Ulrica, and soprano Liv Redpath as Oscar. Carlo Rizzi conducts. Book your tickets: bit.ly/3JCuntc Photos by Jonathan Tichler / Met Opera #MetOpera #MaskedBall #NewYorkCity #Rehearsal #meetopera." Facebook. Oct. 13, 2023.
Available via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/posts/875509590610478/

The Metropolitan Opera. "Verdi’s Un Ballo in Maschera returns to the Met stage tonight, October 20! Will you be there? Catch this stellar production, led by tenor Charles Castronovo in his Met role debut as Gustavo III, alongside soprano Angela Meade as Amelia, baritone Quinn Kelsey as Count Anckarström, mezzo-soprano Olesya Petrova as Ulrica, and soprano Liv Redpath in her Met debut as Oscar. Carlo Rizzi conducts. Un Ballo in Maschera is on stage through November 18. Book your tickets now: bit.ly/3JCuntc Photos by Ken Howard / Met Opera #MetOpera #NewYorkCity #Verdi #Drama #meetopera." Facebook. Oct. 20, 2023.
Available via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/posts/879459600215477/

"New Production: Un Ballo in Maschera." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 354641 New Production Un Ballo in Maschera Metropolitan Opera House, Thu, November 8, 2012 Broadcast. Debut: Paul Steinberg, Adam Silverman, Maxine Braham. Un Ballo in Maschera (288) Giuseppe Verdi / Antonio Somma.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0385075

Woolfe, Zachary. "A Force of Nature Descends on the Met." The New York Times > Arts > Music. Nov. 2, 2012.
Available @ https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/04/arts/music/david-aldens-un-ballo-in-maschera-at-the-met.html