Moon Phases Alighten Moon-Risen Skies Over Hilo, Hawaii January 2025

Summary: Moon phases alighten moon-risen skies over University Park for Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Big Island, Hawaii County, Hawaii state.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

Galaxy-, moon-, planet-, star-admiring appreciations over Hilo, Big Island, Hawaii County, Hawaii state await clear skies often not aided by two area volcanoes, Kilauea and Mauna Loa (from Hawaiian kīlauea, “spewing”; mauna loa, “mountain long”) in Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park; "Hilo (Hawaiian Volcano)," 1886 oil on canvas by Jules Tavernier: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

First-appearing first-quarter, second-appearing full and third-appearing last-quarter moon phases alighten sun-set, moon-risen skies over University Park for Science and Technology at University of Hawaii at Hilo, Big Island, Hawaii County, Hawaii state.

‘Ianuali (“January” Hawaiianized) 2025 begins with the moon-phase transition-ending days Wednesday, January 1 through Monday, January 6 from the last-quarter moon phase Monday, December 23, 2024. The lunar phase mahina hapalua mua (from Hawaiian mahina hapa lua mua, “moon half double first”) commences as the first-quarter moon phase Tuesday, January 7, 2025. It delivers left-darkened, right-dazzled lunar-surface sides to such Northern-Hemisphere domiciles as Hilo, Hawaii County, Hawaii state (from Hawaiian hilo, “thread”; ha wai ‘i, “breath life-force supreme”).

The first-quarter moon phase endures through Monday, January 13, after which ensues mahina o hoku, mahina piha, mahina poepoe (“moon of star”; “moon full”; “moon round”).

Tuesday the 7th through Monday the 13th feature respectively sunny, cloudy-sunny, rainy, three-days-straight cloudy-sunny, daylong cloudy-rainy-sunny daytime skies followed perhaps by evening-, night-, early morning-overcast skies.

Tuesday the 14th through Tuesday the 21st guard as the full-moon phase mahina o hoku, mahina piha, mahina poepoe (“moon of star”; “moon full”; “moon round”). The afore-held dates herald cloudy-rainy-sunny, cloudy-sunny, cloudy, cloudy-sunny, cloudy-rainy-sunny, three-days-straight cloudy-sunny daytime skies that perhaps head into post-dusk overcast evenings and nights, pre-dawn overcast early mornings. Wednesday the 22nd through Tuesday the 28th invoke as the last-quarter moon phase mahina hapalua hope (from Hawaiian mahina hapa lua hope, “moon half double last”).

The Hilo area of Big Island, Hawaii County, Hawaii state jubilates in January 2025 moon phases that journey through moon-risen to moon-set, sunset until sun-risen skies.

January 22nd through January 28th kindle two-days-straight cloudy-sunny, cloudy-rainy-sunny, two-days-straight sunny, two-days-straight cloudy-sunny skies even as perhaps five post-dusk evenings, nights, pre-dawn mornings know overcast skies.

Post-dusk evenings and nights, pre-dawn mornings perhaps look most lighted by the January moon after sunset and moon-rise, before moon-set and sunrise January 7, 25, 26. The afore-mentioned dates manifest respective temperatures of 82, 79 and 81 degrees Fahrenheit (27.7778, 26.1111, 27.2222 degrees Celsius) daily, 66 (18.8889), 68 (20), 68 (20) nightly. January 2025 nestles its last Wednesday, Thursday, Friday into post-dusk evenings and nights, pre-dawn mornings of new moon-phased mahina hou (from Hawaiian mahina hou, “month fresh/new/recent”).

Moon phases offer as their end-month occurrence a three-day new-moon lunar phase in moon-risen skies of January 2025 over Hilo, Big Island, Hawaii County, Hawaii state.

Wednesday the 29th presents cloudy-, sunny-skied temperatures of 79 degrees Fahrenheit (26.1111 degrees Celsius) even as cloudy-rainy skies prevail Thursday the 30th and Friday the 31st.

Thursday and Friday, January 30 and 31, 2025 quarter daytime, overcast-skied temperatures that quantify respectively at 82 and 79 degrees Fahrenheit (27.7778 and 26.1111 degrees Celsius). Their post-dusk evenings, their nights, their pre-dawn mornings realize Thursday and Friday temperatures that respectively reach 68 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit (20 and 21.1111 degrees Celsius). The remaining post-dusk evenings and nights, the remaining pre-dawn mornings of the new-moon phase segue into February 2025 as Saturday the 1st through Monday the 3rd.

Moon phases transmit first-quarter silvery, full-moon orange, pink, red, white, yellow, last-quarter black, gray, white, new-moon black tinges to moon-risen skies over Hilo, Hawaii January 2025.

(east to west) Mars (Hoku'ula, "Red Star"), Jupiter (Ikalka), Venus (Hōkūloa, "Long Star" or "Great Star") and Saturn (Makulu) form a planetary quartet in the constellation-rich sky in Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum's Hawai'i Sky Tonight for January 2025: Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, via Facebook Jan. 4, 2025

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Galaxy-, moon-, planet-, star-admiring appreciations over Hilo, Big Island, Hawaii County, Hawaii state await clear skies often not aided by two area volcanoes, Kilauea and Mauna Loa (from Hawaiian kīlauea, “spewing”; mauna loa, “mountain long”) in Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park; "Hilo (Hawaiian Volcano)," 1886 oil on canvas by Jules Tavernier: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:'Hilo' by Jules Tavernier, 1886, oil.jpg

(east to west) Mars (Hoku'ula, "Red Star"), Jupiter (Ikalka), Venus (Hōkūloa, "Long Star" or "Great Star") and Saturn (Makulu) form a planetary quartet in the constellation-rich sky in Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum's Hawai'i Sky Tonight for January 2025: Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, via Facebook Jan. 4, 2025, @ https://www.facebook.com/BishopMuseum/posts/pfbid0YSf3DcsvBimNKitWrREhjQ9Zzv95YAYqLxTxJBL8VfY9BQJx4mjEDsi8VHRpYANNl; via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=984873990339514&set=pb.100064507671690.-2207520000

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How Are Two Magnolia, Two Maple Species’ Fine Roots After Waterlogging?

Summary: How are aboveground leaf and stem and belowground root-system performances of two magnolia, two maple species’ fine roots after waterlogging?

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

Three-year-old bareroot silver maple (Acer saccharinum) saplings accounted for one-quarter of the 48 trees in the Lo, McCormack, Patrick, Rigsby, Rosenfeld study. Six saplings acted as control members even as another six acted as treatment members in the waterlogging-stress study whose results the article Fine-Root Responses of Two Maple and Two Magnolia Species to Waterlogging addresses in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry for January 2025; "Magnolia grandiflora. The large-flowered evergreen Magnolia," J.C. (John Claudius) Loudoun, Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum: Or, The Trees and Shrubs of Britain. vol. V The Plates From Magnolia Ceae to Legumino Sae Inclusive (1838), Plate I: Material is believed to be in the public domain, via Colorado State University (CSU) Library Special Collections Department

The article Fine-Root Response of Two Maple and Two Magnolia Species to Waterlogging addresses aboveground leaf and stem and below-ground root-system performances of two magnolia, two maple species’ fine roots after waterlogging.

Co-authors Kelsey Patrick, Marvin Lo, Chad Rigsby, Carla Rosenfeld and M. Luke McCormack broach excess-water, waterlogged-soil stress even as previous research bared drought, dry-soil, insufficient-water stress. Days-, weeks-long water-inundated, waterlogged soil surfaces, by chasing oxygen from soil air-pore spaces, change acidic, neutral, alkaline soil pH and chastise root systems conducting aerobic respiration. Previous research into how trees deal with waterlogged stress describes what trees do aboveground, such as leaf death, shoot dieback and tortured growth and biomass accrual.

Waterlogging-stressed belowground entails adventitious-root, aerenchyma, pneumatophore, hypertrophied-lenticel structure-changing growth and/or increase and relatively rapider energy production-maintaining and cellular membrane- and organelle-damaging harmful free-radical buildup-limiting physiological changes.

Three-year-old bareroot sugar maple (Acer saccharum) saplings accounted for one-quarter of the 48 trees in the Lo, McCormack, Patrick, Rigsby, Rosenfeld study. Six saplings acted as control members even as another six acted as treatment members in the waterlogging-stress study whose results the article Fine-Root Responses of Two Maple and Two Magnolia Species to Waterlogging addresses in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry for January 2025; "Sugar Maple. Campton, Grafton Co., N.H.," Familiar Trees and their Leaves, Described and Illustrated by F. (Ferdinand) Schuyler Mathews (1911), opposite page 198: Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr

Arboriculture & Urban Forestry January 2025-featured research figures close-related, waterlogging-intolerant sugar, waterlogging-tolerant silver maples (Acer saccharum, saccarhinum), more-tolerant star, less-tolerant saucer magnolias (Magnolia x soulangeana, stellata).

Six control and six treatment saplings for each species got one greenhouse-grown month before going into stabilized above-freezing outdoor temperatures-generated leaf burn, gone before waterlogging initiation. Shade cloths over 48 14-day (2-week-) waterlogged saplings hindered 90% of daily sunlight high temperatured-, solar radiated-heating 1.2-meter (3.93701-foot) by 1.2-meter (3.93701-foot) by 0.3-meter (0.984252-foot) pools. Fine, nutrient-, water-uptaking sub-2-millimeter- (0.0787402-inch-) long roots inhabiting immediately sub-surface soil invited permanent-paint pen-tracing, every 2 weeks, 4 weeks before through 7 weeks after waterlogging treatments.

Gas exchange, leaf loss, stem-diameter growth aboveground, fine roots dying or growing, lipid oxidase damage, peroxidase activity belowground judge two magnolia, two maple species’ waterlogged journeys.

Three-year-old potted saucer magnolia (Magnolia x soulangeana) saplings accounted for one-quarter of the 48 trees in the Lo, McCormack, Patrick, Rigsby, Rosenfeld study. Six saplings acted as control members even as another six acted as treatment members in the waterlogging-stress study whose results the article Fine-Root Responses of Two Maple and Two Magnolia Species to Waterlogging addresses in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry for January 2025; Saturday, April 9, 2011, 09:35, image of Magnolia x soulangeana, Compton, Berkshire, South East England: Badgernet, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

All species, apart silver maple’s near-zero, under-1% mortality, knew waterlogging-kindled fine-root mortality even as high-mortality magnolias, unlike high-mortality sugar maple, knew fine-root growth after seven-week recovery.

Waterlogging stress lacked large-scale lipid oxidative-damaged cellular membranes and lactate-, ethanol-, acetates-, carbon dioxide-, hydrogen gas-limiting peroxidase even as it species-wide significantly lowered carbon-assimilating, stomatal-conducting gas-exchanging. Ten-day recovery after waterlogging stress mustered only treatment-membered silver maples’ photosynthetic-rate recoveries matching control-membered photosynthetic rates even as sugar maples alone manifested decline to experiment end. Recovery-period end noted sugar maple niching waterlogging-negated carbon-assimilating, stomatal-conducting gas exchange even as two-week waterlogging likewise netted magnolia species, apart star magnolia nestling control-like stomatal-conductance recoveries.

Waterlogging stress operated on two magnolia, two maple species’ fine roots, lipid oxidase damage, peroxidase activity belowground and on gas exchange, leaf loss, stem diameter aboveground.

Leaf loss from waterlogging stress prevailed significantly in all species, excepting silver maple, even as waterlogging stress produced no such significant pressure promoting, non-prompting stem diameter.

Saucer magnolia, sugar maple, control- and treatment-star magnolia strongly, silver maple slightly queued waterlogging-stressed leaf loss even as control- and treatment-silver maple quartered significantest stem-diameter growth. All species but silver maple realized waterlogging-stressed fine-root mortality even as both saucer and star magnolias revealed substantial fine-root growth during seven-week recovery from two-week waterlogging. Lo, McCormack, Patrick, Rigsby, Rosenfeld results surprisingly show no significant, strong peroxidase activity in waterlogging-stressed roots, no significant, strong lipid oxidative-damaged cellular membranes, excepting sugar maple’s.

Two magnolia, two maple species’ sapling, temperate-climed, 3- to 5-year-old fine roots trigger waterlogging-tolerant thresholds whose accurate tallying triggers wider age ranges tested in future studies.

Three-year-old potted star magnolia (Magnolia stellata) saplings accounted for one-quarter of the 48 trees in the Lo, McCormack, Patrick, Rigsby, Rosenfeld study. Six saplings acted as control members even as another six acted as treatment members in the waterlogging-stress study whose results the article Fine-Root Responses of Two Maple and Two Magnolia Species to Waterlogging addresses in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry for January 2025; Sunday, Oct. 30, 2022, 12:58, image of "Star magnolia (Magnolia stellata) in Morris Arboretum, Philadelphia, PA": Shuvaev, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Three-year-old bareroot silver maple (Acer saccharinum) saplings accounted for one-quarter of the 48 trees in the Lo, McCormack, Patrick, Rigsby, Rosenfeld study. Six saplings acted as control members even as another six acted as treatment members in the waterlogging-stress study whose results the article Fine-Root Responses of Two Maple and Two Magnolia Species to Waterlogging addresses in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry for January 2025; "Magnolia grandiflora. The large-flowered evergreen Magnolia," J.C. (John Claudius) Loudoun, Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum: Or, The Trees and Shrubs of Britain. vol. V The Plates From Magnolia Ceae to Legumino Sae Inclusive (1838), Plate I: Material is believed to be in the public domain, via Colorado State University (CSU) Library Special Collections Department @ https://archives.mountainscholar.org/digital/collection/p17393coll71/id/2123;
Public Domain, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46203912;
Public Domain, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/Arboretumetfrut5Loud/page/1/mode/1up
Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arboretum_et_fruticetum_Britannicum-_or,_the_trees_and_shrubs_of_Britain_-_DPLA_-_f01785c97d7746e7c41d20a79b077f88_(page_40).jpg

Three-year-old bareroot sugar maple (Acer saccharum) saplings accounted for one-quarter of the 48 trees in the Lo, McCormack, Patrick, Rigsby, Rosenfeld study. Six saplings acted as control members even as another six acted as treatment members in the waterlogging-stress study whose results the article Fine-Root Responses of Two Maple and Two Magnolia Species to Waterlogging addresses in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry for January 2025; "Sugar Maple. Campton, Grafton Co., N.H.," Familiar Trees and their Leaves, Described and Illustrated by F. (Ferdinand) Schuyler Mathews (1911), opposite page 198: Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/61021753@N02/6254954448/;
Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/17024444; Not in copyright, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/familiartreesthe00mathuoft/page/n238/mode/1up
Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Familiar_trees_and_their_leaves,_described_and_illustrated_by_F._Schuyler_Mathews,_with_illus._in_colors_and_over_two_hundred_drawings_by_the_author,_and_an_introd._by_L.H._Bailey_(Plate)_(6254954448).jpg;
(1903 edition), Public Domain, Google-digitized, via HathiTrust @ https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433006567907?urlappend=%3Bseq=237%3Bownerid=27021597768833698-243; (1903 edition), Public Domain, Google-digitized, via HathiTrust @ https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433006567907&seq=237

Three-year-old potted saucer magnolia (Magnolia x soulangeana) saplings accounted for one-quarter of the 48 trees in the Lo, McCormack, Patrick, Rigsby, Rosenfeld study. Six saplings acted as control members even as another six acted as treatment members in the waterlogging-stress study whose results the article Fine-Root Responses of Two Maple and Two Magnolia Species to Waterlogging addresses in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry for January 2025; Saturday, April 9, 2011, 09:35, image of Magnolia x soulangeana, Compton, Berkshire, South East England: Badgernet, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Magnolia_×_soulangeana_April_2011.jpg

Three-year-old potted star magnolia (Magnolia stellata) saplings accounted for one-quarter of the 48 trees in the Lo, McCormack, Patrick, Rigsby, Rosenfeld study. Six saplings acted as control members even as another six acted as treatment members in the waterlogging-stress study whose results the article Fine-Root Responses of Two Maple and Two Magnolia Species to Waterlogging addresses in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry for January 2025; Sunday, Oct. 30, 2022, 12:58, image of "Star magnolia (Magnolia stellata) in Morris Arboretum, Philadelphia, PA": Shuvaev, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Magnolia_stellata,_Morris_Arboretum_01.jpg

For further information:

Gilman, Ed. 2011. An Illustrated Guide to Pruning. Third Edition. Boston MA: Cengage.

Hayes, Ed. 2001. Evaluating Tree Defects. Revised, Special Edition. Rochester MN: Safe Trees.

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Marriner, Derdriu. 2 October 2022. "Natural Enemies of Urban Landscape Pests Are Among Beneficial Insects." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 25 April 2021. "Stationary Rope Systems (SRS) Annul Friction by Ascents and Redirects." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 21 March 2021. "Inducing Agents and Synthetic Fungicides Axe Leaf Blotch and Pear Scab." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2021. "Stationary Rope Systems (SRS) Allow Anchors, Ascent and Work Equipment." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 31 January 2021. "Street and Park Tree Inventories Since 1902 Assess Trees in Ithaca, NY." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 27 December 2020. "Tree Defect Identification During Tree Inspections Averts Tree Failure." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 29 November 2020. "Reduction Pruning Utility Trees Affects CODIT and Epicormic Branches." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/11/reduction-pruning-utility-trees-affects.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 October 2020. "Arboricultural Operation Safety Standards Avert Adverse Events." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/10/arboricultural-operation-safety.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 September 2020. "Root-Stem Transition Zones Aim Loading Forces Through Roots and Soils." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/09/root-stem-transition-zones-aim-loading.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 August 2020. "Arboricultural Operation Safety Standards Are Country-Specific." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/arboricultural-operation-safety.html

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/06/lignotubers-assure-arboricultural.html

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/trent-dicks-alerted-treestuff-webinar.html

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/canker-identification-and-canker.html

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/arboricultural-operation-safety.html

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/biochar-applications-are-best-with.html

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Marriner, Derdriu. 29 December 2019. "Pruning Cuts Applied Ably, Appropriately Are Best Management Practices." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/pruning-cuts-applied-ably-appropriately.html

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Marriner, Derdriu. 27 October 2019. "Tree Pruning Systems Answer to Best Management Practices." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/tree-pruning-systems-answer-to-best.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 September 2019. "Southeastern Street Tree Arthropod Pests Are Online Survey Subjects." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/southeastern-street-tree-arthropod.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 August 2019. "Cost Approach Approximates Plant Repair, Replacement or Restoration." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/08/cost-approach-approximates-plant-repair.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 July 2019. "Indirect Watering Devices Are There for Newly Transplanted Urban Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/indirect-watering-devices-are-there-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2019. "Plant Appraisal Data Collection Allies Off-Site and On-Site Research." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/plant-appraisal-data-collection-allies.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 May 2019. "Wire Basket Removal or Wire Basket Retention: Girdling or Stable Roots." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/wire-basket-removal-or-wire-basket.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2019. "Woody Plant Appraisal Data Collection for Shrubs, Trees and Vines." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/woody-plant-appraisal-data-collection.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 March 2019. "Balancing Roadside Tree Benefits and Risk of Streetscape Tree Crashes." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/balancing-roadside-tree-benefits-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2019. “Plant Appraisal Estimate, Scope, Data, Analysis, Reconciliation, Report.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/plant-appraisal-estimate-scope-data.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 January 2019. “Urban Tree Vulnerability in Residential Toronto, Ontario, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/urban-tree-vulnerability-in-residential.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 December 2018. "Plant Appraisal: Cost and Value Estimates and Economic Principles." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/plant-appraisal-cost-and-value.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 December 2018. "Six-Year Forest Health Ambassador Program of Oakville, Ontario, Canada." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/six-year-forest-health-ambassador.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 October 2018. "Nursery Production Systems: Tough Urban Landscape Trees on Rough Sites." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/nursery-production-systems-tough-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2018. "Induced-Resistance Agents, Silicon Fertilizers, Synthetic Fungicides." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/induced-resistance-agents-silicon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 August 2018. "Nursery Production Systems for Successful Urban Tree Plantings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/nursery-production-systems-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 July 2018. "Tree Roots Branch in Fabric Containers But Circle and Girdle Plastic." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/tree-roots-branch-in-fabric-containers.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2018. "Wood Decay Fungi Management of Terminal Urban Pathogens." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/wood-decay-fungi-management-of-terminal.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2018. "Downtown Commercial Streetscape Tree Populations in Toronto, Canada." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/downtown-commercial-streetscape-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2018. “Mushroom-Forming and Non-Mushroom-Forming Fungal Life Cycle Traits.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/mushroom-forming-and-non-mushroom.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 March 2018. “Emerald Ash Borer Rapid Response Community Preparedness Project.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/emerald-ash-borer-rapid-response.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2018. “Tree Retention by Arborists for Wildlife Habitat Friendly Tree Care.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/tree-retention-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2018. “Integrated Vegetation Management Study in North and South Yukon, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/integrated-vegetation-management-study.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2017. “Tree Inventories: Preemptive and Proactive or Piecemeal and Reactive.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/12/tree-inventories-preemptive-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 November 2017. “Chlorantraniliprole Reduced-Risk Insecticides Get Leaf-Eaters Not Bees.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/11/chlorantraniliprole-reduced-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 October 2017. “Palm Plant Health Care: Abiotic, Biotic Stress Culture and Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/10/palm-plant-health-care-abiotic-biotic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2017. “Predawn Leaf Water Potentials Indicate Crown Dieback and Water Status.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/09/predawn-leaf-water-potentials-indicate.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2017. “Palm Tree Identification and Pruning of Native and Naturalizable Palms.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/08/palm-tree-identification-and-pruning-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2017. “Commonly Planted, Potentially Phytoremediating Street Tree Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/07/commonly-planted-potentially.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 June 2017. “Root Loss From Root Pruning and Root Shaving of Stem-Girdling Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/06/root-loss-from-root-pruning-and-root.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2017. “Age and Canopy Area Cost Less and Tell More in Urban Tree Inventories.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/05/age-and-canopy-area-cost-less-and-tell.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 April 2017. “Urban Root Management: Big Infrastructure, Small Space, Stressed Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/04/urban-root-management-big.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2017. “Flexural Elasticity Modulus: Trees and Watersprouts Bend or Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/03/flexural-elasticity-modulus-trees-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2017. “Plant Health Care Diagnostics When Plants and Places Wrong One Another.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/02/plant-health-care-diagnostics-when.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2017. “Tree Fertilization for Fine Root Growth and Whole Root System Effects.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/01/tree-fertilization-for-fine-root-growth.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2016. “Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Low Maintenance Tree Health Care Programs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/abiotic-and-biotic-stress-in-low.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2016. “Organic Amendments to Compacted Degraded Urban Highway Roadsides.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/organic-amendments-to-compacted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2016. “Tree Protection Zones by Arborists for All Construction Project Phases.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/tree-protection-zones-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2016. “Stormwater Runoff Landscaping With Urban Canopy Cover and Groundcover.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/09/stormwater-runoff-landscaping-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2016. “Changing Places: Tree Nutrient Movement Down, Tree Water Movement Up.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/08/changing-places-tree-nutrient-movement.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2016. “Treated or Untreated Oriental Bittersweet Vine Management Cut-Stumping.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/07/treated-or-untreated-oriental.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2016. “Tree Injection Site Procedures: Manufacturer's Instructions and Labels.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/06/tree-injection-site-procedures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 May 2016. “Electrical Utility Area Temperate Urban Street Trees: Pruned Regrowth.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/electrical-utility-area-temperate-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2016. “Tree Injection Methods: Treatment Option in Integrated Pest Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/04/tree-injection-methods-treatment-option.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2016. “Bare-Rooted Ornamental Urban Transplants: Amendments Against Mortality.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/bare-rooted-ornamental-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2016. “Bark Protective Survival Mechanisms Foil Deprivation, Injury, Invasion.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/bark-protective-survival-mechanisms.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2016. "LITA Model: Linear Index of Tree Appraisal of Large Urban Swedish Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/01/lita-model-linear-index-of-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems: Site, Soil, Species True Designs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/12/tree-lightning-protection-systems-site.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 October 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems Tailored to Sites, Soils, Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/10/tree-lightning-protection-systems.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 August 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Amend, Fertilize, Mulch, Till!” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/08/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 June 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Assemble, Assess, Assist, Astound.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/06/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2015. “Tree Wound Responses: Healthy Wound Closures by Callus and Woundwood.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/tree-wound-responses-healthy-wound.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2015. “Urban Forest Maintenance and Non-Maintenance Costs and Benefits.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/urban-forest-maintenance-and-non.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2014. “Tree Dwelling Symbionts: Dodder, Lichen, Mistletoe, Moss and Woe-Vine.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/tree-dwelling-symbionts-dodder-lichen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2014. “Tree Cable Installation Systems Lessen Target Impact From Tree Failure.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/tree-cable-installation-systems-lessen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2014. “Flood Tolerant Trees in Worst-Case Floodplain and Urbanized Scenarios.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/flood-tolerant-trees-in-worst-case.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2014. “Integrated Vegetation Management of Plants in Utility Rights-of-Way.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/06/integrated-vegetation-management-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2014. “Tree Twig Identification: Buds, Bundle Scars, Leaf Drops, Leaf Scars.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/tree-twig-identification-buds-bundle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2014. “Tree Twig Anatomy: Ecosystem Stress, Growth Rates, Winter Identification.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/tree-twig-anatomy-ecosystem-stress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2013. “Community and Tree Safety Awareness During Line- and Road-Clearances.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/community-and-tree-safety-awareness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2013. “Chain-Saw Gear and Tree Work Related Personal Protective Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/chain-saw-gear-and-tree-work-related.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2013. “Storm Damaged Tree Clearances: Matched Teamwork of People to Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/storm-damaged-tree-clearances-matched.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Damage Assessments: Pre-Storm Planned Preparedness.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/storm-induced-tree-damage-assessments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html

Patrick, Kelsey; Marvin Lo; Chad M. Rigsby; Carla E. Rosenfeld; and M. Luke McCormack. January 2025. “Fine-Root Responses of Two Maple and Two Magnolia Species to Waterlogging.” Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 51(1): 29-45.