Earth and Space News

Saturday, February 5, 2022

Northern Bobwhites Are February Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar

Summary: Northern bobwhites are February birds on the 2022 Audubon calendar by which the National Audubon Society announces vulnerable birds in the United States.

Crested caracaras of the southernmost United States abide southward in Caribbean America and from Estados Unidos Mexicanos (Mexico, "United Mexican States" literally) southward through Central America and into South America as far south as northern Brazil and northern Peru. John James Audubon (April 26, 1785-Jan. 27, 1851) added a Brazilian crested caracara as plate 161 to his The Birds of America From Original Drawings (1827-1830), vol. 2: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Northern bobwhites are February birds on the 2022 Audubon calendar by which the National Audubon Society announces North American birds as extinct in the wild, critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable or near-threatened birds.

Female members of the Galliformes (from Latin gallus, “male chicken” and -fōrmēs, “-shaped”) landfowl order bear one-plus brood during each year’s breeding months, January through March. That order’s Odontophoridae (from Greek ὀδοντοφόρος, “toothed” and -ειδής, “-like”) New World quail family member congregates in 10- to 20-member coveys (from Latin cubō, I incubate”). One Caribbean, seven United Statesian and 15 Mexican subspecies design their ground-level nests in agricultural fields, brushy hedges, low-cover grasslands, mixed young forests and woodland edges.

All parents-to-be ease existing vegetation into hollow, shallow nests under healthy plants, for their annual, 7- to 28-egg clutch, double-brooded in the event of lost clutches.

Physically and sexually mature females furnish cream-white or dull white, semi-glossy, sub-elliptical to oval or pear-shaped, 30- by 24-millimeter (1.18- by 0.95-inch) eggs at one-day intervals.

Both parents-to-be get food-gathering and nest-guarding responsibilities during 23- to 24-day incubations of their smooth-shelled eggs and then during 14-day nestling periods of down-covered, open-eyed hatchlings. Their precocial (from Latin prae-, “before” and coquō, “I ripen” via praecox, “precocious, premature, ripe before its time, untimely”) hatchlings have buff-pink bills, feet and legs. They invoke buff-yellow-sided heads; buff-rufous (from Latin rūfus, “red”) foreheads; black eye-nape streaks; chestnut-red crowns and napes; buff-cream-striped, chestnut-red-banded mid-backs; black-, buff-, chestnut-mottled flanks; buff-gray undersides.

Northern bobwhites join the 2022 Audubon calendar as February birds whose free-range populations perhaps join edible seed-attracting insects, snails and spiders at seed-dispensing wintertime backyard feeders.

Six-year lifespans kindle nestlings keeping downy coats their first two weeks, first feathers for their first flights as 14-day-olds and first self-feeding as 21-day-old covey members.

Northern bobwhite nestlings lose their downy coats within two months of their hatching and lodge flight-friendly feathers as four- to eight-week-olds and full-grown bodies as two-month-olds. Dense monocultures of young trees menace low-cover, open-area brushy pastures, farmland borders, grassy roadsides, roadside brush and woodland edges that maintain northern bobwhites between mating seasons. Post-breeding fathers, mothers and their fledged seasonal broods need 10- to 20-member northern bobwhite coveys (from Latin cubō, “I recline” via Old French covee, “[egg] brood”).

The 2022 Audubon calendar observes northern bobwhites as February birds occupied with their eggs, hatchlings and nestlings; and with their breeding-season, non-breeding coveys and home ranges.

Northern bobwhites, presented scientifically as Colinus virginianus (from Spanish colín, “quail” and Latin Virginia and -ānus, “of, pertaining to”), perform short, startling, swift flights and glides.

Physical and sexual maturity queues 8- to 10-inch- (20- to 25-centimeter-) long bodies with 11- to 14-inch (28- to 35-centimeter) wingspans and with 6-ounce (175-gram) weights. Northern bobwhites, regarded taxonomically by Carl Linnaeus (May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778), maturely reveal beige-, black-, brown-patterned heads; downward-curved, thick bills; fine-streaked breasts; and marked upper-parts. Black-and-white-faced, white-throated mature males tan-faced, tan-throated mature females sound hoi and hoi-lee calls to reunite dispersed flocks and bob-WHITE, bob-bob-WHITE and poor-bob-WHITE whistles during breeding-season months.

Caribbean, Central, North and South American hunters threaten northern bobwhites, as chicken-like, plump, tasty gamebirds that turn up as February birds on the 2022 Audubon calendar.

Northern bobwhites are low-cover, open-area residents of the eastern United States, southward to the Caribbean island of Cuba and through Estados Unidos Mexicanos (Mexico, "United Mexican States") and Guatemala; Geographical Distribution Map of Northern Bobwhite, June 27, 2018: Cephas, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Northern bobwhites, acknowledged commonly as Virginian partridges and scientifically as Colinus virginianus and analyzed taxonomically by Carl Linnaeus (May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778), appear on plate 76 of The Birds of America From Original Drawings (1827-1830), vol. 1, by John James Audubon (April 26, 1785-Jan. 27, 1851): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:76_Virginian_Partridge.jpg; No copyright, via Cincinnati Public Library @ https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/search/searchterm/V.01/field/source/mode/all/conn/and/order/file/page/2 (main page); No copyright, via Cincinnati Public Library @ https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll33/id/77/rec/78 (specific image URL)

Baicich, Paul J.; and Colin J. O. Harrison. 2005. "Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus)." Page 114. In: Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds. Second edition. Princeton NJ; and Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England: Princeton University Press.

Bull, John; and John Farrand, Jr. 1997. "Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus)." Pages 451-452. In: National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds: Eastern Region. Revised by John Farrand, Jr. Second edition. A Chanticleer Press Edition. New York NY: Borzoi Book, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.; and Toronto [Ontario, Canada]: Random House of Canada Limited.

Bull, John; John Farrand, Jr.; and Miklos D. F. Udvardy. "Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus." Pages 535-536. In. Lauren Brown. Grasslands. The Audubon Society Nature Guides. Chanticleer Press Edition. New York NY: Borzoi Book, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

Burton, Robert. "Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus." Page 69. In: The Audubon Backyard Birdwatcher: Birdfeeders and Bird Gardens. San Diego CA: National Audubon Society.

Carroll, John Patrick. 2002. "Northern Bobwhite Quail Colinus virginianus." Pages 461-462. In: Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd edition. Volume 8, Birds I, edited by Michael Hutchins, Jerome A. Jackson, Walter J. Bock and Donna Olendorf. Farmington Hills MI: Gale Group, 2002.

Harrison, Kit and George. 1986. "Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus)." Page 280. In: Kenneth P. Able, Robert F. Cardillo, Peter G. Connors, Susan Roney Drennan, Kimball L. Garrett, George Harrison, Kit Harrison, Bette J. Schardien Jackson, Jerome A. Jackson, J. P. Myers, Roger Tory Peterson, [and] William E. Poole. Contributing Writers Jeff Kopachena, [and] Michael McKinley. The Birds Around Us. San Ramon CA: Ortho Books.

Howell, Catherine Herbert (Writer); and Mary B. Dickinson (Editor). 1999. "Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus." Pages 142-143. Field Guide to the Birds of North America. Third Edition. Washington DC: National Geographic Society.

Kiser, Joy M. 2012. "Plate XVIII. Ortyx Virginianus - Quail - Bob-White Colinus virginianus - Northern Bobwhite. Illustrated by Virginia Jones. Original text by Nelson Jones." Pages 58-59. In: America's Other Audubon. New York NY: Princeton Architectural Press.

Kiser, Joy M. 2012. "Quail - Bob - White Ortyx virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus)." Page 171. In: America's Other Audubon. New York NY: Princeton Architectural Press.

Kobasa, Paul A. (Editor-in-Chief). 2007. "Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus)." Page 43. Birds of the United States and Canada. Third printing, November 2009. Chicago IL: World Book, Inc.

Mace, Alice E. (Editor). 1986. "Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus)." Page 280. The Birds Around Us. Writers Kenneth P. Able, Robert F. Cardillo, Peter G. Connors, Susan Roney Drennan, Kimball L. Garrett, George Harrison, Kit Harrison, Bette J. Schardien Jackson, Jerome A. Jackson, J. P. Mers, Roger Tory Peterson and William E. Poole. Contributing Writers Jeff Kopachena and Michael McKinley. San Ramon CA: Orth Books.

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2022. "Florida Scrub-Jays Are January Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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"Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus." Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission > How Can We Help You? > Discover Wildlife > Wildlife Viewing > Additional Wildlife Viewing Resources > Species Profiles > Showing All 406 Species.
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Peterson, Roger Tory. 2010. "Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus." Pages 56-57. In: Peterson Field Guide to Birds of Eastern and Central North America. With contributions from Michael Di Giorgio, Paul Lehman, Michael O'Brien and Jeffrey A. Gordon, Larry Rosche, [and] Bill Thompson. Sixth Edition. Boston MA; and New York NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

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Friday, February 4, 2022

Andher Buddhist Monuments Add to Donors at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments

Summary: Andher Buddhist monuments add to donors at Sanchi Buddhist monuments in central Raisen District, central Madhya Pradesh state, central India.

Andher Buddhist monuments, by an inscribed pillar and an inscribed lid inside the third stupa, add to donors at Sanchi Buddhist monuments in central Raisen District, central Madhya Pradesh state, central India.

One pillar of the four built near the first Andher stupa (from Hindi अंधेर, "chaos" and स्तूप, “heap”) bears the inscription boasting Dhama Sivasa Mátu dánam. Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham (Jan. 23, 1814-Nov. 28, 1893) considered carved functions and style behind what he translates as “Gift of Dharma-Siva’s mother” (1854: 344). He dated the “very neatly cut and well formed” characters divulging donorship to the 36-year reign (268 BCE-232 BCE) of Mauryan Emperor Ashoka (304 BCE?-232 BCE).

A relic-holder enclosed in an interior chamber excavated deep down from the hemisphere center of the third Andher stupa exhibits two inscriptions about donation and donor.

Exterior and interior inscriptions respectively find esteemed contents, Sapurisasa Háritiputasa, “(Relics) of the emancipated Haritiputra (son of Háriti)” Asa Devasa dánam, “Gift of Aswa-Deva” (1854: 349).

The inscribed donation name exteriorly garnishes the steatite (soapberry, soapstone, from Latin steatitis, from Greek στέαρ, “fat, suet, tallow” and λίθος via -ίτης, “rock, stone”) casket. The inscribed donor name on the lid underside of the steatite casket within the red earthenware box harbors information not harvested from the second Sanchi stupa. Its box inhabits a 14-inch- (35.56-centimeter-) long, 13.5-inch- (34.29-centimeter-) broad, 13.5- to 14-inch- (34.29- to 35.56-centimeter-) high chamber whose side-stones invoke a “mystic cross” (1854: 349).

Such shared asthi avashesh (from Sanskrit अस्थि, “bone” and अवशेष, “remainder”) as Haritiputra burned-bone fragments, not shared donors, join Andher Buddhist monuments and Sanchi Buddhist monuments.

Whatever kept Andher villagers two miles (3.22 kilometers) away from the third Andher stupa never kept them away from the first Andher stupa and the second.

The Cunningham team located the unlooted chamber one foot 8 inches (3.22 meters) above the terrace by a sunken shaft down the third stupa’s hemisphere center. A double flight of 3-foot 2-inch- (96.52-centimeter-) wide steps moves incomers upward to, outgoers downward from, the east-facing, exterior 6- by 4-foot (1.83- by 1.22-meter) landing. The 4-foot- (1.22-meter-) high and wide terrace nestles 3.5 feet (1.07 meters) below a cylindrical plinth (slab, from French plinthe, Latin plinthus and Greek πλίνθος, “brick”).

Haritiputra relics occupying Sanchi Buddhist monuments perhaps occasioned no observance of their donor whose name itinerant artisans obtained for less grand, less known Andher Buddhist monuments.

Itinerant artisans and builders protected the third Andher stupa’s exterior and interior sustainability with a cylindrical plinth below the 15-foot (4.57-meter) diameter base below the dome.

The 12-foot- (3.66-meter-) high stupa, at a 200-plus-foot (60.96-plus-meter) distance from the first Andher stupa and the second, qualifies as remotest of three Andher Buddhist monuments. The second Andher stupa resides 120 feet (36.58 meters) southeast of the first stupa, on the cliff edge 500 feet (152.4 meters) above plains facing Sanchi. Andher and Sanchi (from Sanskrit शान्, “calmness”) community members shared Buddhist (बुद्ध, "awakened") information and objects across Raisen (from Sanskrit राजन्, “king” and वासिनी, “abiding”) plains.

Sanchi Buddhist monuments treasure Haritiputra among nine other Hemawanta (from Sanskrit हिमवन्त्, “snowy [Himalaya]”) teachers even as Andher Buddhist monuments tell what donors tended his legacy.

Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham amplified nineteenth-century acquaintance with ancient civilizations in northwest India through his articulating his excavating adventures into the Harappa Indus Valley civilization. He angled into, without amplifying about the implications for central Indian culture, his observations of third-stupa chamber contents the swastika-like formation of its overlapping side-stones; March 9, 2020, image of Harappan steatite seal discovered by Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham: Zunkir, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

The calligraphic quality of donation and donor inscriptions in and on Andher Buddhist monuments allowed Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham (Jan. 23, 1814-Nov. 28, 1893) to date the three relic-holding structures there to the time of Mauryan Emperor Ashoka, who devoutly, humbly accepted his role as but a lay adherent; upasake, accusative form of upasaka ("Buddhist lay follower"), cropped from Ashokan rock inscription, Sahasaram, Bihar state, eastern India; A. Cunningham, Inscriptions of Ashoka (1877), Plate XIV; E. Hultzsch (1925), page 170: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Upasaka.jpg; via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/inscriptionsaso00hultgoog/page/n206/mode/1up; via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/InscriptionsOfAsoka.NewEditionByE.Hultzsch/page/n347/mode/1up

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"Marie Marcel Maurice Dubard." Ministère de la Défense > Ministère des Armées > Portail Culturel > Mémoire des Hommes > Première Guerre Mondial.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 28 January 2022. "Andher Buddhist Monuments Acquaint Us With Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/andher-buddhist-monuments-answer-what.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 January 2022. "Andher Buddhist Monuments Answer What Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Ask." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/andher-buddhist-monuments-answer-what.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 January 2022. "Andher Buddhist Monuments Acquaint Us With Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/andher-buddhist-monuments-acquaint-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2022. "Acquaintance With Sanskrit Acquaints Us With Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/acquaintance-with-sanskrit-acquaints-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 January 2022. "Appreciating Sanskrit Aids in Appreciating Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/appreciating-sanskrit-aids-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 December 2021. "Unknown Ashes Perhaps Known at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Sonari." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-ashes-perhaps-known-at-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 December 2021. "Unknown Ashes Maybe Known at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Satdhara." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-ashes-maybe-known-at-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2021. "Unknown Bones in Bhojpur Maybe are Known in Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-bones-in-bhojpur-maybe-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2021. "Unknown Relics in Bhojpur Maybe Are Known in Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-relics-in-bhojpur-maybe-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2021. "Unknown Bones at Bhojpur Maybe Are Known to Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-bones-at-bhojpur-maybe-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 November 2021. "Unknown Bones Maybe Known at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/unknown-bones-maybe-known-at-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2021. "Unknown Ashes Maybe Known to Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/unknown-ashes-maybe-known-to-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 November 2021. "Unknown Ashes Perhaps Known in Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/unknown-ashes-perhaps-known-in-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 November 2021. "Kusum Lac Trees Perhaps Anciently Aided Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/kusum-lac-trees-perhaps-anciently-aided.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 October 2021. "Palas Flame-of-the-Forest Trees Assisted Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/palas-flame-of-forest-trees-assisted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 October 2021. "Ber Indian Plum Trees Anciently Assisted Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/ber-indian-plum-trees-anciently.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2021. "Tasar Silk Perhaps Anciently Adorned Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/tasar-silk-perhaps-anciently-adorned.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 October 2021. "Tasar Silkworms Perhaps Assembled Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/tasar-silkworms-perhaps-assembled.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2021. "Lac Scale Insects Archived Bone Relics in Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/lac-scale-insects-archived-bone-relics.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 September 2021. "Kaundinya Aided Buddhist Beginnings and Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/kaundinya-aided-buddhist-beginnings-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Accommodated Kaundinyaputra Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 September 2021. "Gotiputra Relics Awed Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Sonari and Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/gotiputra-relics-awed-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 September 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari Accommodated Alabagira Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-sonari.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 August 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari Assembled Kaushikiputra Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-sonari_01344963409.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 August 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari Accommodated Madhyama Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-sonari.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2021. "Kasyapa Gotra Relics Abided in Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/kasyapa-gotra-relics-abided-in-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 August 2021. "Buddha Relics Awed Sonari and Bhojpur If Not Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/buddha-relics-awed-sonari-and-bhojpur.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2021. "Buddha Relics Awed Bhojpur and Sonari If Not Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/buddha-relics-awed-bhojpur-and-sonari.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 July 2021. "Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Admitted No Upahitaka Relics From Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/sanchi-buddhist-monuments-admitted-no_0682265518.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2021. "Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Admitted No Patitya Allusions From Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/sanchi-buddhist-monuments-admitted-no.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 July 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher Archived Haritiputra Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-andher.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 July 2021. "John Marshall Added Khirni Trees Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/john-marshall-added-khirni-trees-around.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 June 2021. "Mango Trees Appeal to Kakanava Koels and Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/mango-trees-appeal-to-kakanava-koels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2021. "Teak Trees Attracted Kakanava Crows to Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/teak-trees-attracted-kakanava-crows-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2021. "Kakanava Crows, Koels and Trees Antedated Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/kakanava-crows-koels-and-trees.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2021. "Asian Koels, Like Crows, Actuated the Ancient Name Kakanava for Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/asian-koels-like-crows-actuated-ancient.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 May 2021. "Indian Jungle Crows Abided Amply at Sanchi, Anciently Named Kakanava." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/indian-jungle-crows-abided-amply-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 May 2021. "Indian Crows Abounded There So Sanchi Answered to the Name Kakanava." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/indian-crows-abounded-there-so-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 May 2021. "Kakanava Prabhasana Relics Age Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/kakanava-prabhasana-relics-age-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 May 2021. "Vachiputra Relics Age Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and at Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/vachiputra-relics-age-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 April 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher Age Maudgalaputra Tishya Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-andher.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 April 2021. "Satdhara Relics Awed Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Colombo and Yangon." Earth and Space News. Friday
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/satdhara-relics-awed-buddhist-monuments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2021. "Kaba Aye and Sanchi Hill Admit Walking Meditations of Thich Nhat Hanh." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/kaba-aye-and-sanchi-hill-admit-walking.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2021. "Sanchi and Maha Bodhi Society Admit Thich Nhat Hanh Walking Meditations." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/sanchi-and-maha-bodhi-society-admit.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 April 2021. "Indra’s Net Avails Kaba Aye Pagoda of Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/indras-net-avails-kaba-aye-pagoda-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 March 2021. "Indra’s Net Admits Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Maha Bodhi Society." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/indras-net-admits-buddhist-monuments-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sadthara Archived Disciple Bones." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2021. "Chetiyagiri Vihara Adds Auspiciousness to Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/chetiyagiri-vihara-adds-auspiciousness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 March 2021. "Maudgalyayana Aims Psychic Powers at Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/maudgalyayana-aims-psychic-powers-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 February 2021. "Shariputra Abides Auspiciously Amid Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/shariputra-abides-auspiciously-amid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2021. "Sanchi Hill Buddhist Monuments Are Oldest Buddhist World Heritage Site." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/sanchi-hill-buddhist-monuments-are_19.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2021. "Sanchi Hill Buddhist Monuments Are World Heritage Site 14 in India." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/sanchi-hill-buddhist-monuments-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2021. "Ashoka Aided Buddha, Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill and Sri Lanka." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/ashoka-aided-buddha-buddhist-monuments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 January 2021. "Sanghamitra, Like Ashoka, Admired Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/sanghamitra-like-ashoka-admired.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 January 2021. "Mahendra Adored Buddha and Perhaps Buddhist monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/mahendra-adored-buddha-and-perhaps.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 January 2021. "Devi Adoring Buddha Accounts for Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, India." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/devi-adoring-buddha-accounts-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 January 2021. "Wild Animal Families Abounded Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/wild-animal-families-abounded-around.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2021. "Raisen Teak Forests Once Angled Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/raisen-teak-forests-once-angled-around.html

Marshall, Sir John. 1918. A Guide to Sanchi. Calcutta [India]: Superintendent Government Printing, India.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.459148/page/n1/mode/2up

Marshall, Sir John; and Alfred Foucher. 1902. The Monuments of Sāñchī. With the texts of inscriptions edited, annotated and translated by N.G. Majumdar. Volume One: Text. London [England].
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May, San San. 5 July 2016. “These Burmese Manuscripts Retrace the Buddha’s Journey to Enlightenment.” Scroll.in > History in Images.
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McArthur, Meher. 2002. Reading Buddhist Art: An Illustrated Guide to Buddhist Signs and Symbols. New York NY: Thames & Hudson.

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Missouri Botanical Garden. “Butea monosperma Lam.” Tropicos > Name Search.
Available @ http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/13057461

Missouri Botanical Garden. “Erythrina monosperma Lam.” Tropicos > Name Search.
Available @ http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/13030253

Missouri Botanical Garden. “Mangifera indica L.” Tropicos > Name Search.
Available @ http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/1300071

Missouri Botanical Garden. “Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard.” Tropicos > Name Search.
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