Intestate Acts Are, Are Not Intestate Actualities in Dead Man’s Puzzle

Summary: Intestate acts perhaps are or perhaps are not intestate actualities in Dead Man’s Puzzle, 10th mystery in the Puzzle Lady series authored by Parnell Hall.

The first death in Dead Man's Puzzle initially, superficially appears as naturally arising from cancer-activated renal failure and old age. A subsequent autopsy associates it with arsenic poisoning; alchemical symbol for arsenic: Bryan Derksen, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Intestate acts perhaps are or perhaps are not intestate actualities in Dead Man’s Puzzle, 10th mystery in the 20-book Puzzle Lady mystery series authored by Parnell Hall (Oct. 31, 1934-Dec. 15, 2020).

Cindy Barrington, Fred Goldman, Harmon Overmeyer, Snively and Alan and Ellen Weston bethink themselves heirs to the bitty track and the cabin built by Herbert Overmeyer. A cabin between a two-story Colonial on a commodious tract and a considerable house on a like-sized forest perhaps contains assets concealed by a 92-year-old miser. Herbert, unlike north-side neighbor Arlington and south-side neighbors George and Juliet Brooks, perhaps derived money from a convenience store/gas station robbery in Mobile, Alabama in 1956.

Rudy Clemson endured shrapnel embedded in one hip and post-traumatic stress syndrome as Korean War after-effects that encouraged engaging in criminal endeavors and endangered his wife.

A 32-caliber Smith and Wesson, fit under the bedroom floorboards, from Rawley’s Hardware and Sporting Goods in West Virginia figured in that robbery with two fatalities.

The 32-caliber gunned down former soldiers Claude Barnes fatally and Mickey Dare even as a .357 Smith and Wesson Magnum gunned down the station clerk fatally. Claude and the clerk perhaps had respective hometown and Mobile burials that year even as Rudy had his burial in Macon County, Georgia, one year ago. Medical Examiner Dr. Barney Nathan identifies as initial cause of the Overmeyer death old age and cancer-induced renal failure until an in-depth autopsy indicates arsenic poisoning.

Intestate acts of money nowhere in plain sight perhaps jumpstart intestate realities of dead Herbert journeying no farther than Bakerhaven Hospital Morgue in Dead Man’s Puzzle.

Perhaps Bakerhaven Hospital Morgue keeps dead Herbert until Kelly’s Funeral Home director knows that a probate hearing in Judge Hobbs’ courtroom kindles payment by Overmeyer heirs.

Herbert left perhaps $20,000, perhaps $30,000 to one legitimate heir who lives in San Antonio, Texas, if the latter lets go of Overmeyer land and lodging. The mystery man monikered Stockholm meets with puzzle lady Cora Felton about his father maintaining a Philip Morris stock-pooling agreement with Herbert, Rudy and someone else. Two more murders necessitate cruciverbalist (from Latin crux, “cross” and verbum, “word”) Harvey Beerbaum crossword and number puzzle-solving with Cora for Bakerhaven Police Chief Dale Harper.

Intestate acts of funds nowhere in plain sight occasion intestate actualities of Cora and attorney Becky Baldwin operating as unofficial estate administrators in Dead Man’s Puzzle.

Dennis Pride, Sherry Carter Grant’s and then Brenda Wallenstein’s first husbands and President and CEO Norman Wallenstein’s Wallenstein Textiles salesman son-in-law, perseveres as uncredentialed, unofficial detective.

Sarah Finestein of 15 Charles Street and Austin and Preston Samuels as respective bartender and actor/bartender at McCorly’s Pub on Amsterdam Avenue qualify as quintessential Manhattanites. Dale requires that Overmeyer heirs remain reachable, by Police Officers Sam Brogan and Dan Finley, in Bakerhaven motel units or Crowley, Johnson and Mercer bed-and-breakfast rooms. Jimmy, as Bakerhaven town librarian Edith Potter’s son back from a two-year degree spread over three years, succeeds in supplying Cora photographic if not computer-search support.

Intestate acts and intestate actualities perhaps trouble Cora less than Associated Press employee Betty Rosenberg touting emailing as attached files unfaxable crosswords in Dead Man’s Puzzle.

The Korean war (June 25, 1950-July 27, 1953) and its shrapnel altered the activities and the aspirations of many a military servant. Herbert Overmeyer appeared less agonized by his service than his best friend forever, Rudy Clemson. The latter approached post-war years through the anxious lenses of post-traumatic stress syndrome and of shrapnel archived in his hip; illustration of bursting shrapnel shell, USSR People's Commissariat of Defense, Artillery, second edition (1938): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

The first death in Dead Man's Puzzle initially, superficially appears as naturally arising from cancer-activated renal failure and old age. A subsequent autopsy associates it with arsenic poisoning; alchemical symbol for arsenic: Bryan Derksen, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arsenic_alchemical_symbol.svg

The Korean war (June 25, 1950-July 27, 1953) and its shrapnel altered the activities and the aspirations of many a military servant. Herbert Overmeyer appeared less agonized by his service than his best friend forever, Rudy Clemson. The latter approached post-war years through the anxious lenses of post-traumatic stress syndrome and of shrapnel archived in his hip; illustration of bursting shrapnel shell, USSR People's Commissariat of Defense, Artillery, second edition (1938): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shrapnel_Burst_Diagram_English.jpg; Public Domain, via Russian Wikimedia Commons @ https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Файл:Shrapnel.jpg

For further information:

Hall, Parnell. 2019. Lights! Camera! Puzzles! New York NY; London UK: Pegasus Crime.

Hall, Parnell. 2018. The Purloined Puzzle. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2017. A Puzzle To Be Named Later. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2016. Presumed Puzzled. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2015. Puzzled Indemnity. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2014. NYPD Puzzle. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2013. Arsenic and Old Puzzles. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2012. $10,000 in Small, Unmarked Puzzles. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2011. The Kenken Killings. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2010. The Puzzle Lady vs. The Sudoku Lady. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2009. Dead Man's Puzzle. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book for Minotaur Books, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2008. The Sudoku Puzzle Murders. New York NY: Thomas Dunne Books St. Martin's Minotaur, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2006. You Have the Right to Remain Puzzled. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2005. Stalking the Puzzle Lady. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2004. And a Puzzle to Die On. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2003. With This Puzzle, I Thee Kill. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2002. A Puzzle in a Pear Tree. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2001. Puzzled to Death. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2000. Last Puzzle & Testament. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 1999. A Clue for the Puzzle Lady. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 June 2021. "Fast Food and Safari Food Are For Puzzle Ladies in Dead Man’s Puzzle." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/fast-food-and-safari-food-are-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 June 2021. "Alabama and New York Add to Bakerhaven Traffic in Dead Man’s Puzzle." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/alabama-and-new-york-add-to-bakerhaven.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2021. "All Are Aware of Private Investigators in The Sudoku Puzzle Murders." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/all-are-aware-of-private-investigators.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 June 2021. "Martini, Muffins, Pancakes and Scotch Allay The Sudoku Puzzle Murders." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/martini-muffins-pancakes-and-scotch.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 June 2021. "Bakerhaven, New York and Tokyo Are Close in The Sudoku Puzzle Murders." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/bakerhaven-new-york-and-tokyo-are-close.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 May 2021. "Betting, Puzzling, Suing Are Why You Have the Right to Remain Puzzled." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/betting-puzzling-suing-are-why-you-have.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 May 2021. "Starbucks Caramel Adds Acuity in You Have the Right to Remain Puzzled." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/starbucks-caramel-adds-acuity-in-you.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 May 2021. "You Have the Right to Remain Puzzled Alerts Us About Bakerhaven Trains." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/you-have-right-to-remain-puzzled-alerts.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 May 2021. "One Knife, Two Deaths, Four Puzzles Aid in Stalking the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/granville-grains-corn-toasties-appall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 April 2021. "Granville Grains Corn Toasties Appall Cora in Stalking the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/granville-grains-corn-toasties-appall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 April 2021. "Coastal Connecticut Attracts Reality Ads in Stalking the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/coastal-connecticut-attracts-reality.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2021. "And a Puzzle to Die On Augments Bakerhaven Acquaintances by One." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/and-puzzle-to-die-on-augments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 April 2021. "A Birthday Bash And a Puzzle to Die On Await Cora and an Outsider." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/a-birthday-bash-and-puzzle-to-die-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 March 2021. "Bakerhaven Maps Aim a Victim at a Birthday Bash And a Puzzle to Die On." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/bakerhaven-maps-aim-victim-at-birthday.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 March 2021. "Four Cryptograms Assure Two Deaths in With This Puzzle, I Thee Kill." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/four-cryptograms-assure-two-deaths-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 March 2021. "Honeyed Lemoned Teas Are For Fiancees in With This Puzzle, I Thee Kill." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/honeyed-lemoned-teas-are-for-fiancees.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 March 2021. "Manhattan and San Diego Account For Why With This Puzzle, I Thee Kill." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/manhattan-and-san-diego-account-for-why.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 March 2021. "Christmas Carolers Are Three Voices Short in A Puzzle in a Pear Tree." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/christmas-carolers-are-three-voices.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 February 2021. "A Puzzle in a Pear Tree Alters a Christmas Pageant and a Live Nativity." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/a-puzzle-in-pear-tree-alters-christmas.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2021. "Tristate Access Adds a Broadway Director to A Puzzle in a Pear Tree." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/tristate-access-adds-broadway-director.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 February 2021. "Attorney Becky Baldwin Maybe Aces New York Lawyers in Puzzled to Death." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/attorney-becky-baldwin-maybe-aces-new.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 February 2021. "Perhaps Fun Night Attendees Ate All Free Desserts in Puzzled to Death." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/perhaps-fun-night-attendees-ate-all.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 January 2021. "New Yorkers Adapt to Less Light and More Parking in Puzzled to Death." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/new-yorkers-adapt-to-less-light-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 January 2021. "Fifteen Million Dollars Avenge Old Wrongs in Last Puzzle and Testament." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/fifteen-million-dollars-avenge-old.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 January 2021. "Chicken Soup Awes All But Appears Nowhere in Last Puzzle and Testament." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/chicken-soup-awes-all-but-appears.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2021. "Interstate Highways Add More Hurley Heirs to Last Puzzle and Testament." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/interstate-highways-add-more-hurley.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 December 2020. "Bakerhaven Acquaintances Afford A Clue for the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/bakerhaven-acquaintances-afford-clue.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2020. "Bakerhaven Alcohol Acts as A Clue for the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/bakerhaven-alcohol-acts-as-clue-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2020. "An Actual Bakerhaven Map Never Appears as A Clue for the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/an-actual-bakerhaven-map-never-appears.html

"Puzzle Lady." Parnell Hall.com > Books. Website by Kate Anchev/Outbox Online Design Studio.
Available @ http://parnellhall.com/puzzle-lady/

Kathleen Howard Shared Mârouf With Giuseppe De Luca and Frances Alda

Summary: Kathleen Howard shared Mârouf with Giuseppe De Luca and Frances Alda at Met Opera for 13 appearances, starting with Mârouf's United States premiere.

Giuseppe De Luca in title role of Henri Rabaud's Mârouf, which he created in Mârouf's U.S. premiere during Met Opera's 1917-1918 season; photo from ca. 1920 Bain News Service glass negative; George Grantham Bain Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington DC: No known restrictions on publication, via Library of Congress (LOC) Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC)

Kathleen Howard shared Mârouf with Giuseppe De Luca and Frances Alda at the Metropolitan Opera for 13 performances, beginning with the opera's United States premiere.

The Metropolitan Opera hosted the United States premiere of Mârouf by French composer and conductor Henri Benjamin Rabaud (Nov. 10, 1873-Sept. 11, 1949) on Wednesday, Dec. 19, 1917. Mârouf was staged with the original French libretto by French librettist and playwright Lucien Népoty (1878-Aug. 17, 1945). Népoty based his libretto upon the tale of Maruf the Cobbler of Cairo in the translation of One Thousand and One Nights, also known as Arabian Nights, by Armenian-French physician and translator Joseph-Charles Mardrus (Nov. 11, 1868-March 26, 1949).

Rabaud's opéra-comique en cinq actes (five-act comic opera) received six performances in the 1917-1918 season. The opera house was the venue for all six performances (Wednesday, Dec. 19, 1917; New Year's Eve, Monday, Dec. 31; Thursday, Jan. 10, 1918; Saturday, Feb. 16; Saturday, March 2; Friday, April 12).

In the next season, 1918-1919, Mârouf received five performances. The first, opening performance (Tuesday, Nov. 19, 1918) took place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The third performance (Saturday, Dec. 7) was held at New York City's Brooklyn Academy of Music (BAM). The Metropolitan Opera was the venue for the second (Friday, Nov. 22) and fourth (Monday, Dec. 16) through fifth, closing (Saturday, Jan. 11, 1919) performances.

The Metropolitan Opera skipped Mârouf in the following season, 1919-1920, but revived the opera for two performances in the 1920-1921 season. The opera house was the venue for both the season's first, opening performance (Saturday, Dec. 20, 1919) and second, closing performance (Friday, Jan. 2, 1920).

Pierre Benjamin Monteux (April 4, 1875-July 1, 1964) conducted the opera's first 11 performances, which were distributed over the opera's first two, successive seasons, 1917-1918 and 1918-1919. The French, later American, conductor had made his Met Opera debut Saturday, Nov. 17, 1917, in the opera house's 294th performance of Faust by 19th-century French composer Charles-François Gounod (June 17, 1818-Oct. 18, 1893).

Albert Louis Wolff (Jan. 19, 1884-Feb. 20, 1970) conducted Mârouf's 12th and 13th performances, which were offered in the 1919-1920 season. The Dutch-descended French composer and conductor had made his Met Opera debut Friday, Nov. 21, 1919, in the opera house's 310th performance of Gounod's Faust.

Richard Ordynski (Oct. 5, 1878-Aug. 13, 1953) directed the production's first 13 performances. The Polish film and theatre director had made his Met Opera debut Thursday, March 8, 1917, in the opera house's world premiere of The Canterbury Pilgrims by American composer Henry Louis Reginald De Koven (April 3, 1859-Jan. 16, 1920).

The production's set designer, Paris-born American artist Ernest M. Gros (1859-1930), and costume designer, Bruges-trained American scenic designer Livingston Platt (1874-1933?), were involved in Mârouf's first 13 performances. Both Gros and Platt made their Met Opera debut in the opera's U.S. premiere, Wednesday, Dec. 19, 1917.

According to the online Metropolitan Opera Archives Database (MetOpera Database), the production incorporated some costumes that had been designed by Georg Heil for the 1912-1913 neason's new production of Die Zauberflöte by Classical Era composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Jan. 27, 1756-Dec. 5, 1791). Heil had made his Met Opera debut November 18, 1911, in the opera house's United States premiere of Lobetanz by Austrian Munich School composer Ludwig Wilhelm Andreas Maria Thuille (Nov. 30, 1861-Feb. 5, 1907).

Kathleen Howard (July 27, 1884-April 15, 1956), Giuseppe De Luca (Dec. 25, 1876-Aug. 26, 1950) and Frances Alda (May 31, 1879-Sept. 18, 1952) created the love triangle roles of Fattoumah, Mârouf and Saamcheddine in the Metropolitan Opera's United States premiere of Rabaud's Middle Eastern-based operatic folk tale. Mârouf, a cobbler in Cairo, flees from his henpecking wife, Fattoumah. He sails to distant Khaïtân, where his childhood friend, Ali, convinces him to masquerade as a wealthy merchant. The Sultan of Khaïtân chooses Mârouf as husband for Princess Saamcheddine, but then the cobbler's ruse is discovered. But, fortuitously, Mârouf finds a magical ring whose wish-granting magician actualizes wealth for him. The Sultan pardons Mârouf, whose marriage to the Sultan's daughter ensues.

American mezzo-soprano Kathleen Howard made her Metropolitan Opera debut Tuesday, Nov. 14, 1916, as the Nurse in the opera house's 27th performance of Boris Godunov by Russian composer Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (March 21, 1839-March 28, 1881). Italian baritone Giuseppe De Luca had made his Met Opera debut Thursday, Nov. 25, 1915, in the title role of Figaro in the opera house's 84th performance of Il Barbiere di Siviglia by Italian composer Gioachino Rossini (Feb. 29, 1792-Nov. 13, 1868). New Zealand-born, Australian raised operatic soprano Frances Alda had made her Met Opera debut Monday, Dec. 7, 1908, as Gilda in the opera house's 59th performance of Rigoletto by Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901).

Kathleen Howard, Giuseppe De Luca and Frances Alda sang Fattoumah, Mârouf and Saamcheddine in the Met Opera's first 13 performances of Mârouf. Their last appearances in the triangle took place Friday, Jan. 2, 1920, in the opera house's 13 performance of Mârouf.

After the 1919-1920 season, the Metropolitan Opera did not stage Mârouf for 16 seasons (1920-1921 season through 1935-1936 season). In season 1932-1933, however, the opera house's Gala Program on Sunday, Dec. 18, 1932, offered Mârouf's Ballet Music, followed by another Middle Eastern-themed selection, "Bel raggio lusinghier" (Act I scene 1) from Rossini's Semiramide.

In the 1936-1937 season, the Metropolitan Opera revisited Mârouf for two performances, both sung in English. The opera house was the venue for the season's first, opening (Thursday, May 21, 1937) and second, closing (Wednesday, May 27) performances.

Thelma Votipka (Dec. 20, 1906-Oct. 24, 1972) sang Fattoumah in both performances. American mezzo-soprano had made her Met Opera debut Monday, Dec. 16, 1935, as Flora in the opera house's 207th performance of Verdi's Aida.

Mario Chamlee, stage name of Arthur Cholmondeley (May 29, 1892-Nov. 13, 1966), sang the title role in both performances. The American lyric tenor had made his Met Opera debut Monday, Nov. 22, 1920, as Cavaradossi in the opera house's 148th performance of Tosca by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924).

Nancy McCord sang Saamcheddine in both performances. The American soprano's two appearances as the princess marked her Met Opera debut and her last Met Opera appearance, respectively. The "young soprano from Long Island" had preceded her Met Opera debut with musical comedy roles on Broadway, according to a review by New York Herald Times music critic Francis D. Perkins (1898?-Oct. 8, 1970) in the online Metropolitan Opera Archives Database (MetOpera Database).

The Metropolitan Opera has not staged Mârouf since the 1936-1937 season. The opera house's 15th and last performance of Mârouf took place Wednesday, May 27, 1937.

The takeaways for Kathleen Howard's sharing Mârouf with Giuseppe De Luca and Frances Alda are that the American mezzo-soprano created Fattoumah, whose henpecking initiates the opera's plot; that the Italian operatic baritone and the New Zealand-born operatic soprano created the love triangle's two happy roles; that Howard, De Luca and Alda shared the opera's first 13 performances, sung in French, at the Metropolitan Opera; and that the opera's 14th and 15th performances, which took place almost 17 years 5 months later, with different principals and sung in English, marked the Metropolitan Opera's last staging of Mârouf.

Frances Alda as Princess Saamcheddine, the role she created in Met Opera's U.S. premiere of Henri Rabaud's Mârouf during the 1917-1918 season; photo from ca. 1920 Bain News Service glass negative; George Grantham Bain Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington DC: No known restrictions on publication, via Library of Congress (LOC) Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC)

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Giuseppe De Luca in title role of Henri Rabaud's Mârouf, which he created in Mârouf's U.S. premiere during Met Opera's 1917-1918 season; photo from ca. 1920 Bain News Service glass negative; George Grantham Bain Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington DC: No known restrictions on publication, via Library of Congress (LOC) Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC) @ https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2014713962/

Frances Alda as Princess Saamcheddine, the role she created in Met Opera's U.S. premiere of Henri Rabaud's Mârouf during the 1917-1918 season; photo from ca. 1920 Bain News Service glass negative; George Grantham Bain Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington DC: No known restrictions on publication, via Library of Congress (LOC) Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC) @ https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2014713891/

For further information:

Arakelyan, Ashot. "Giuseppe De Luca (Baritone) (Rome 1876 - New York 1950)." Forgotten Opera Singers. Dec. 3, 2013.
Available @ http://forgottenoperasingers.blogspot.com/2013/12/giuseppe-de-luca-baritone-rome-1876-new.html

Clark, Peter. "French Opera at the Met." The Metropolitan Opera > Discover > Articles.
Available @ https://www.metopera.org/discover/archives/notes-from-the-archives/from-the-archives-french-opera-at-the-met/

"Debut: Albert Wolff." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 73060 Faust {310} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/21/1919.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=73060

"Debut: Frances Alda." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 42280 Rigoletto {59} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/7/1908.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=42280

"Debut: Kathleen Howard." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 64010 Boris Godunov {27} Academy of Music, New York, Brooklyn: 11/14/1916.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=64010

"Debut: Mario Chamlee." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 76080 Tosca {148} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/22/1920.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=76080

"Debuts: Ernest M. Gros, Livingston Platt." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 67430 United States Premiere Mârouf {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/19/1917.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=67430

"Debuts: Giuseppe De Luca, Giacomo Damacco, Pompilio Malatesta." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 61120 Il Barbiere di Siviglia {84} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/25/1915.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=61120

"Debuts: Nancy McCord, Enrico Manghi, Amedeo Mazzanti." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 121660 Mârouf {14} Metropolitan Opera House: 05/21/1937. In English.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=121660

"Debuts: Oscar Sannee, Hans Kautsky, Georg Heil." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 52050 United States Premiere Lobetanz {1} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/18/1911.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=52050

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John Marshall Added Khirni Trees Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi

Summary: John Marshall added khirni trees, still abundant 53 years after his death, around the Buddhist monuments at Sanchi Hill in Madhya Pradesh, central India.

botanical illustration of khirni tree (Manilkara hexandra) under synonym Mimusops hexandra; William Roxburgh, Plants of the Coast of Coromandel, vol. I (1795), Plate 15: Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr

John Marshall (March 19, 1876-Aug. 17, 1958) added khirni trees, still abundant 53 years after his death, around the Buddhist monuments at Sanchi Hill in Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh state, central India.

Sir John Hubert Marshall, as Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India (1902-1928), bared Buddhist (from Sanskrit बुद्ध, “awakened”) behavior and beliefs built into their monuments. He continued that commitment, commenced by ASI founder and Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham (Jan. 23, 1814-Nov. 28, 1893), concerning Sanchi (from Sanskrit नव, “calmness”) Hill. Sapotaceae (from Nahuatl tzapotl and Latin -āceae, “resembling”) latex-delivering family members dwell in Madhya Pradesh (from Sanskrit मध्य, “middle” and प्रदेश, “region”) as teak forest denizens.

Such Raisen (royal residence, from Sanskrit राजन्, “king” and वासिनी, “abiding”) District examples as butter-trees (mahua locally, Madhura longifolia scientifically) encouraged Sanchi’s earlier echoic name, Kakanava.

Indian house crows (Corvus splendens) feeding upon such woody plants as fruiting butter-trees fostered pre-Buddhist Sanchi’s former name Kakanava (from Sanskrit काक, “crow” and नव, “caw-caw”).

Brown-red, oval, shiny-coated, 0.39-inch- (1-centimeter-) long germinated khirni (from Hindi खिरणी, from Sanskrit क्षीरिणी, “milky juice”) seeds grow slowly into slow-growing seedlings and slow-growing, strong-wooded trees. Elliptical, oblong, semi-curving, sweet-tasting, 0.59- to 0.79-inch- (1.5- to 2-centimeter-) long berries each hold one seed or two during their fruiting-season months from February through June. Flowering-season months from August or September through December or February install fragrantly white or white-yellow flowers, before immature green and mature red-yellow fruits, on black-gray branches.

Twentieth-century khirni trees, Manilkara hexandra (from Greek ἑξα-, “six” and -ἀνδρός, “male”) scientifically, journey through 500-year lifespans around monuments at Sanchi from the third century BCE.

Bisexual khirni flowers know 0.28-inch (7-millimeter) diameters on maximally 1.38-inch- (3.5-centimeter-) long pedicels (from Latin pedīcellus, “little foot-stalk”) with sometimes one, sometimes two axillary stem-branch attachments.

All female-male flowers lodge two series of three-lobed, 0.09- by 0.08-inch (2.5- by 2-millimeter) calyxes and three series of 6-lobed, 0.12- by 0.06-inch (3- by 1.5-millimeter) corollas. They manifest six to eight pollen-producing stamens (from Latin stāmen, “thread”) and 12-celled ovaries with simple pollen-receiving stigmas and 0.16- to 0.19-inch (4- to 5-millimeter) styles. The 1.97- to 3.94-inch (5- to 10-centimeter) by 1.18- to 1.77-inch (3 to 4.5-centimeter) blades net 0.32- to 0.79-inch (8- to 20-millimeter) petioles (from Latin petiolus, “little foot”).

Khirni trees offer Buddhist monuments at Sanchi year-round alternate-occurring, simple leaves, each with 10 to 20 paired, feathery, slender nerves around a midrib raised from below.

The woody plant, commonly named milk tree and wedge-leaved ape flower in English, presents 39.37- to 82.02-foot (12- to 25-meter) heights and 9.84-plus-foot (3-plus-meter) trunk diameters.

The woody plant, quested taxonomically by Marcel Dubard (April 30, 1873-Sept. 6, 1914) and William Roxburgh (June 29, 1751-April 10, 1815), queues up spreading-crown, straight-trunk profiles. It requires part-shaded or sunny, well-drained soils with pH levels between slightly acidic 6 and neutral, non-acidic, non-alkaline 7 through 2,952.76-foot (900-meter) altitudes above sea level. It survives mean annual humidity of 75 percent, 3.94-inch (100-millimeter) rainfall and temperature of 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit (28 degrees Celsius) in dry deciduous and evergreen forests.

Khirni trees, with tough wood for gate posts and tools, theoretically tend more to Sanchi townspeople 298.56 feet (91 meters) below Buddhist monuments at Sanchi Hill.

Khirni trees do not appear in artwork at Sanchi Stupa No. 2, but they are relevant to and may be symbolic of Buddhist beliefs and practices, both of which respect practicality, because khirni wood has practical applicability, such as agricultural tools and gate posts; Sanchi Stupa No. 2 artwork, Sanchi Hill, Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh, central India; Friday, Feb. 16, 2018, 07:21: Kevin Standage (kevinstandage1@googlemail.com) INDIAN TRAVEL PHOTOGRAPHY, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

botanical illustration of khirni tree (Manilkara hexandra) under synonym Mimusops hexandra; William Roxburgh, Plants of the Coast of Coromandel, vol. I (1795), Plate 15: Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/61021753@N02/8342187606; via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/280086

Khirni trees do not appear in artwork at Sanchi Stupa No. 2, but they are relevant to and may be symbolic of Buddhist beliefs and practices, both of which respect practicality, because khirni wood has practical applicability, such as agricultural tools and gate posts; Sanchi Stupa No. 2 artwork, Sanchi Hill, Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh, central India; Friday, Feb. 16, 2018, 07:21: Kevin Standage (kevinstandage1@googlemail.com) INDIAN TRAVEL PHOTOGRAPHY, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sanchi_Stupa_number_2_KSP_3697.jpg

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Marriner, Derdriu. 25 June 2021. "Mango Trees Appeal to Kakanava Koels and Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2021. "Teak Trees Attracted Kakanava Crows to Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2021. "Kakanava Crows, Koels and Trees Antedated Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2021. "Asian Koels, Like Crows, Actuated the Ancient Name Kakanava for Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 28 May 2021. "Indian Jungle Crows Abided Amply at Sanchi, Anciently Named Kakanava." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 21 May 2021. "Indian Crows Abounded There So Sanchi Answered to the Name Kakanava." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 14 May 2021. "Kakanava Prabhasana Relics Age Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 7 May 2021. "Vachiputra Relics Age Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and at Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 30 April 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher Age Maudgalaputra Tishya Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 23 April 2021. "Satdhara Relics Awed Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Colombo and Yangon." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2021. "Kaba Aye and Sanchi Hill Admit Walking Meditations of Thich Nhat Hanh." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2021. "Sanchi and Maha Bodhi Society Admit Thich Nhat Hanh Walking Meditations." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 2 April 2021. "Indra’s Net Avails Kaba Aye Pagoda of Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 26 March 2021. "Indra’s Net Admits Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Maha Bodhi Society." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sadthara Archived Disciple Bones." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2021. "Chetiyagiri Vihara Adds Auspiciousness to Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 5 March 2021. "Maudgalyayana Aims Psychic Powers at Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 26 February 2021. "Shariputra Abides Auspiciously Amid Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2021. "Sanchi Hill Buddhist Monuments Are Oldest Buddhist World Heritage Site." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2021. "Sanchi Hill Buddhist Monuments Are World Heritage Site 14 in India." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2021. "Ashoka Aided Buddha, Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill and Sri Lanka." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 29 January 2021. "Sanghamitra, Like Ashoka, Admired Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 22 January 2021. "Mahendra Adored Buddha and Perhaps Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 15 January 2021. "Devi Adoring Buddha Accounts for Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, India." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2021. "Raisen Teak Forests Once Angled Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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