2019 September Equinox Happens Sunday, Sept. 22, or Monday, Sept. 23

Summary: The 2019 September equinox happens Sunday, Sept. 22, or Monday, Sept. 23, according to local time zone conversions of Coordinated Universal Time.

view of the 2017 September equinox from NOAA’s GOES (Geostationary Satellite Server)-16 satellite: NOAA Satellite and Information Service @NOAASatellites/Facebook Sept. 22, 2017, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The 2019 September equinox happens Sunday, Sept. 22, or Monday, Sept. 23, with the date range reflecting local time zone conversions of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the world’s primary time standard.

Coordinated Universal Time places the instant of the 2019 September equinox at 07:50, Monday, Sept. 23. UTC is the timescale observed by the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C. The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures [BIPM]) is charged with maintaining UTC. BIPM is headquartered in Sèvres, southwestern Paris, north central France.

The world’s time zones convert UTC into local time. Negative and positive offsets express the differences between local time and UTC. Time zones east of the prime meridian (0 degrees longitude) have positive offsets to express time later than UTC. Time zones west of the prime meridian have negative offsets to designate time earlier than UTC.

The prime meridian pairs with the International Date Line (IDL). The dateline stretches across Earth’s surface as an imaginary line connecting the North Pole and the South Line. The IDL is considered as a line of demarcation that distinguishes the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

The International Date Line also demarcates the date change between east and west. Passing from east to west across the IDL adds a day. A west-to-east transit across the IDL subtracts a day.

The date change in crossing the International Date Line does not necessarily amount to 24 hours. Time And Date website gives the example of traveling 1,061 kilometers (659 miles) across the IDL from the U.S. equatorial Pacific Ocean territory of Baker Island to New Zealand’s dependent territory of Tokelau requires the addition of 25 hours (1 day 1 hour).

Baker Island’s offset of UTC-12 indicates that the coral island’s time zone lags behind Coordinated Universal Time by 12 hours. Baker Island places the instant of the 2019 September equinox at 7:50 p.m. Sunday, Sept. 22.

Tokelau’s offset of UTC+13 reveals that three-island archipelago’s time zone is 13 hours later than UTC. The instant of the 2019 September equinox happens Monday, Sept. 23, at 8:50 p.m. Tokelau Time (TKT).

The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency’s (CIA) geographic coordinates for Baker Island are 0 degrees 13 minutes north latitude, 176 degrees 28 minutes west longitude. On the other side of the International Date Line, Tokelau’s CIA geographic coordinates are 9 degrees south latitude, 172 degrees west longitude.

Baker Island and Tokelau lie on opposite sides of the equator. Baker Island occupies the Northern Hemisphere, albeit less than one-fifth of a degree north of the equator. The Southern Hemisphere claims Tokelau, which is nine degrees south of the equator.

As a Northern Hemisphere occupant, Baker Island experiences the September equinox as an autumn equinox. As a Southern Hemisphere dweller, Tokelau welcomes the September equinox as a spring equinox.

The September equinox occurs as the second of two annual equinoxes. The year’s first equinox happens in March. Both equinoxes open opposite seasons in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The March equinox announces astronomical spring in the Northern Hemisphere and astronomical autumn in the Southern Hemisphere.

The yearly equinoxes associate with the perpendicular angle of Earth’s axis to Earth’s orbital plane around the sun. The axial-orbital perpendicularity accounts for equal illumination of both the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere by the sun’s rays. The designation of equinox (Latin: aequus, “equal” + nox, “night”) for the biannual astronomical event references the axial-orbital perpendicularity.

The annual equinoxes pair with annual solstices as astronomical seasonal events on Earth. The year’s two solstices take place in June and in December. The June solstice’s north polar tilt toward the sun marks astronomical summer in the Northern Hemisphere and astronomical winter in the Southern Hemisphere. The December solstice’s north polar tilt away from the sun initiates astronomical winter in the Northern Hemisphere and astronomical summer in the Southern Hemisphere.

The takeaway for the 2019 September equinox, which happens Sunday, Sept. 22, or Monday, Sept. 23, is that the year’s second equinox flips the March equinox’s seasons by opening the Northern Hemisphere’s astronomical autumn and the Southern Hemisphere’s astronomical spring.

woodcut illustration of equinoxes in Cosmographia (1600) by German cartographer and cosmographer Sebastian Münster (Jan. 20, 1488-May 26, 1552): Columbia University ITC, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

view of the 2017 September equinox from NOAA’s GOES (Geostationary Satellite Server)-16 satellite: NOAA Satellite and Information Service @NOAASatellites/Facebook Sept. 22, 2017, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:View_of_the_autumnal_equinox_from_GOES_16.jpg

woodcut illustration of equinoxes in Cosmographia (1600) by German cartographer and cosmographer Sebastian Münster (Jan. 20, 1488-May 26, 1552): Columbia University ITC, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Equinoxes_(2).jpg

For further information:

Espenak, Fred. “Solstices and Equinoxes: 2001 to 2100 Greenwich Mean Time.” AstroPixels > Ephemeris.
Available @ http://www.astropixels.com/ephemeris/soleq2001.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2016 Northern Autumnal Equinox Happens Thursday, Sept. 22.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Sept. 21, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/09/2016-northern-autumnal-equinox-happens.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2017 Autumn Equinox Happens Friday, Sept. 22, in Northern Hemisphere.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Sept. 20, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/09/2017-autumn-equinox-happens-friday-sept.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2018 Autumn Equinox Happens Sunday, Sept. 23, in Northern Hemisphere.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Sept. 19, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/2018-autumn-equinox-happens-sunday-sept.html

NOAA Satellite and Information Service @NOAASatellites. “Happy #FirstDayofFall & #FullDiskFriday! Enjoy this view of the autumnal #equinox from NOAA’s #GOES16 satellite!” Facebook. Sept. 22, 2017.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/NOAASatellites/photos/a.230712210302397.59001.226849284022023/1792690767437859/

U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. “Field Listing: Geographic Coordinates.” Central Intelligence Agency > Library > Publications > The World Factbook.
Available @ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2011.html

U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. “Standard Time Zones of the World, May 2018.” Central Intelligence Agency > Library > Publications > The World Factbook.
Available @ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/ref_maps/physical/pdf/standard_time_zones_of_the_world.pdf

U.S.N.O. Astronomical Applications Department. “Equinox.” U.S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications Department > Information Center > Terms Used on This Website > The Astronomical Almanac Online.
Available @ http://asa.usno.navy.mil/SecM/Glossary.html#_E

U.S.N.O. Astronomical Applications Department. “Equinoxes.” U.S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications Department > Information Center > Phenomena of the Sun and Moon > Length of Day and Night at the Equinoxes.
Available @ http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/equinoxes.php

U.S.N.O. Astronomical Applications Department. “Universal Time.” U.S. Naval Observatory Astronomical Applications Department >Astronomical Information Center > Time > Universal Time and Greenwich Mean Time.
Available @ http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/UT.php

Born Sept. 10, 1944, Thomas Allen Made His Met Opera Debut as Papageno

Summary: Born Sept. 10, 1944, Thomas Allen made his Metropolitan Opera debut Nov. 5, 1981, as Papageno in Mozart’s Die Zauberflöte.

American operatic soprano Kathleen Battle (born Aug. 13, 1948), as Pamina, and English baritone Thomas Allen (born Sept. 10, 1944), in his Met Opera debut as Papageno, perform in the last revival of Gûnther Rennert’s 1966-1967 production, with costumes and scene changes designed by Belarusian French-Jewish artist Marc Chagall (July 7, 1887-March 28, 1985): The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook July 13, 2017

Born Sept. 10, 1944, Thomas Allen made his Metropolitan Opera debut Nov. 5, 1981, as Papageno in the opera house’s 247th performance of Die Zauberflöte by Classical Era composer Wolfgang Mozart (Jan. 27, 1756-Dec. 5, 1791).

The English operatic baritone’s debut occurred in the 102nd performance of the Metropolitan Opera’s Marc Chagall-designed production. The production had debuted as new staging Feb. 19, 1967, under the direction of German opera director Gûnther Rennert (April 1, 1911-July 31, 1978). After the 1966-1967 season, the Chagall-designed production had eight revivals.

Thomas Allen’s debut took place in the eighth, and last, revival. Die Zauberflöte received 14 performances in the 1981-1982 Met Opera season. Thomas Allen sang Papageno in the first five performances.

Thomas Allen returned to the Metropolitan Opera four seasons later to sing Count Almaviva in the 1985-1986 Met Opera season’s new production of Mozart’s Le Nozze di Figaro. The new production debuted Nov. 22, 1985, and received 13 performances in its debut season. French opera director Jean-Pierre Ponnelle (Feb. 19, 1932-Aug. 11, 1988) directed and designed the new staging.

The English baritone’s role debut in a third Mozart opera at the Metropolitan Opera occurred in the 1995-1996 season. He sang Don Alfonso in the opera house’s new production of Così fan tutte. Debuting Feb. 8, 1996, Così fan tutte received a total of 10 performances in this season. American stage manager Lesley Koenig directed the new production, with designs by American production designer Michael Yeargan (born Feb. 13, 1946).

Thomas Allen reprised Don Alfonso in the 1996-1997 Met Opera season. Così fan tutte received 13 performances in this season. The last four performances, in which Thomas Allen appeared, were staged at the NHK Hall, the NHK Broadcasting Center’s concert hall, in Shibuya ward, Tokyo, Japan.

His second reprisal of Don Alfonso occurred in the 2005-2006 Met Opera season. He appeared in six of the season’s seven performances. His closing night performance, Jan. 28, 2006, marks Thomas Allen’s most recent appearance as Don Alfonso at the Metropolitan Opera.

In the 1987-1988 Met Opera season, Thomas Allen appeared as Eisenstein in Die Fledermaus by Austrian light music composer Johann Strauss II (Oct. 25, 1825-June 3, 1899). He reprised the role in the 1989-1990 and 1995-1996 Met Opera seasons.

In the 1988-1989 Met Opera season, Thomas Allen added the first of two Benjamin Britten (Nov. 22, 1913-Dec. 4, 1976) roles to his Met Opera repertoire. His Met Opera role debut in the title role in Billy Budd took place April 3, 1989.

Thomas Allen claimed seven roles in his second Britten opera at Met Opera. He appeared as Traveler, Elderly Fop, Old Gondolier, Hotel Manager, Hotel Barber, Leader of the Players and Voice of Dionysius in the 1993-1994 Met Opera season’s new production of Death in Venice. The new staging of Britten’s last opera debuted Feb. 7, 1994.

In the 1993-1994 Met Opera season, Thomas Allen added Puccini’s Madama Butterfly to his Met Opera repertoire. He reprised the role of Sharpless in the 1995-1996 and 1999-2000 Met Opera seasons.

Thomas Allen made a brief appearance during the 1994-1995 Met Opera season. He sang Figaro in two performances of Il Barbiere di Siviglia by Italian composer Gioachino Rossini (Feb. 29, 1792-Nov. 13, 1868).

In the 2001-2002 Met Opera season, Thomas Allen added German composer and librettist Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813-Feb. 13, 1883) to his Met Opera repertoire. He sang Beckmesser in three of the season’s seven performances of Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg.

In the 2005-2006 Met Opera season, the English baritone made his role debut at Met Opera in the first of two operas by German late Romantic and early modern composer Richard Strauss (June 11, 1864-Sept. 8, 1949). He appeared as the Music Master in the season’s five performances of Ariadne auf Naxos. He reprised the role in the 2010-2011 Met Opera season.

Thomas Allen claimed his second Met Opera role in a Richard Strauss opera in the 2009-2010 Met Opera season. He sang Faninal in four the season’s eight performances of Der Rosenkavalier.

In the 2014-2015 Met Opera season, the English baritone appeared as Baron Zeta in the opera house’s new production of The Merry Widow by Austro-Hungarian composer Franz Léhar (April 30, 1870-Oct. 24, 1948). Debuting Dec. 31, 2014, the new production received 14 performances in this season.

American choreographer and theater director Susan Stroman (born Oct. 17, 1954) choreographed and directed the new production. Sets and costumes were designed, respectively, by British theatre designer and puppet maker Julian Crouch (born 1962) and American costume designer William Ivey Long (born Aug. 30, 1947).

Thomas Allen reprised Baron Zeta for the 2017-2018 Met Opera season’s nine performances. Closing night, Jan. 11, 2018, marks the English baritone’s most recent appearance at the Metropolitan Opera.

Thomas Boaz Allen was born Sunday, Sept. 10, 1944, in Seaham (formerly Seaham Harbour), a mining village in County Durham, North East England. His parents were Thomas and Florence Allen.

Thomas Boaz Allen became Sir Thomas Boaz Allen on June 12, 1999, the date of the Queen’s Birthday Honours for 1999. He was honoured with the Knight Bachelor for his services to opera.

In January 2012, Sir Thomas Allen became the 12th Chancellor at North East England’s Durham University. Sir Thomas received an honorary degree in 1988 from Dame Margot Fonteyn (May 18, 1919-Feb. 21, 1991), the ninth Durham Chancellor.

The 2013 Queen’s Medal for Music was awarded to Sir Thomas as the annual award’s ninth recipient. Queen Elizabeth II (born April 21, 1926) presented the award, which recognizes outstanding influences “on the musical life of the nation,” to the English baritone at London’s Buckingham Palace on Wednesday, March 19, 2014.

The takeaway for Thomas Allen, who was born Sept. 10, 1944, is that the English baritone made his Metropolitan Opera debut as Papageno in the opera house’s last revival of the Gûnther Renner-directed, Marc Chagall-designed production of Mozart’s Die Zauberflöte.

On March 19, 2014, Sir Thomas Allen was honored at Buckingham Palace as the ninth recipient of The Queen’s Medal for Music: Dunelm -- Durham University Alumni Community, via Facebook March 21, 2014

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

American operatic soprano Kathleen Battle (born Aug. 13, 1948), as Pamina, and English baritone Thomas Allen (born Sept. 10, 1944), in his Met Opera debut as Papageno, perform in the last revival of Gûnther Rennert’s 1966-1967 production, with costumes and scene changes designed by Belarusian French-Jewish artist Marc Chagall (July 7, 1887-March 28, 1985): The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook July 13, 2017, @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532/10159091613120533/

On March 19, 2014, Sir Thomas Allen was honored at Buckingham Palace as the ninth recipient of The Queen’s Medal for Music: Dunelm -- Durham University Alumni Community, via Facebook March 21, 2014, @ https://www.facebook.com/DUdunelm/posts/10152273739126163

For further information:

“Debut: Thomas Allen.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 266530 Die Zauberflöte {247} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/5/1981.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=266530

Dunelm -- Durham University Alumni Community. “Congratulations to Durham University Chancellor, Sir Thomas Allen, who has just received the Queen's Medal for Music.” Facebook. March 21, 2014.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/DUdunelm/posts/10152273739126163

Durham University @durhamuniversity. “Chancellor Dame Margot Fonteyn with Sir Thomas Allen Receiving his Honorary Degree at degree Durham University in 1988.” Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/203488122997122/posts/495439877135277/

Marriner, Derdriu. “Born July 7, 1887, Marc Chagall Designed Die Zauberflöte at Met Opera.” Earth and Space News. Monday, July 1, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/born-july-7-1887-marc-chagall-designed.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “The Magic Flute Is Dec. 9, 2017, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Dec. 4, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/12/the-magic-flute-is-dec-9-2017-met-opera.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “The Magic Flute Is the Dec. 29, 2018, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Dec. 24, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/the-magic-flute-is-dec-29-2018-met.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Met Opera Unveiled Two Marc Chagall Music Murals Sept. 8, 1966.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Sept. 2, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/met-opera-unveiled-two-marc-chagall.html

Mesa, Franklin. Opera: An Encyclopedia of World Premieres and Significant Performances, Singers, Composers, Librettists, Arias and Conductors, 1597-2000. Jefferson NC; London, England: McFarland & Company, Inc. 2007.

The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. "#TBT Kathleen Battle sang the role of Pamina and Thomas Allen made his Met Opera debut in this 1981 performance of Die Zauberflöte. Mozart's whimsical fairy tale returns Sept 27. bit.ly/2uOu19QPhoto courtesy of the Metropolitan Opera Archives." Facebook. July 13, 2017.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532/10159091613120533/

“New Production: Così Fan Tutte.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 323260 New Production Così Fan Tutte {134} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/8/1996.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=323260

“New Production: Death in Venice.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 315310 New Production Death in Venice {10} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/7/1994.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=315310

“New Production: Die Zauberflöte.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 209500 New production Die Zauberflöte {146} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/19/1967.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=209500

“New Production: Le Nozze di Figaro.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 282600 New Production Le Nozze di Figaro {280} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/22/1985.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=282600

“New Production: The Merry Widow.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 355727 New Production The Merry Widow {27} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/31/2014.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=355727

Asian Yellow-Legged Hornets Aid Thich Nhat Hanh Mindfulness Trainings

Summary: Asian yellow-legged hornets are one less after August's pen-stabbing about an hour away from France's New Hamlet monastery of founder Thich Nhat Hanh.

Asian yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina nigrothorax) on rockspray cotoneaster (Cotoneaster horizontalis), Périgueux, Dordogne, southwestern France; Friday, May 14, 2010, 14:43: Père Igor, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Asian yellow-legged hornets are one down after August's pen-stabbing by a bus driver for the Libourne route to New Hamlet, Dordogne Valley monastery in the Plum Village Tradition of Thich Nhat Hanh.

Jeff McMahon broaches for Forbes online Sept. 8, 2019, the first mindfulness training by Plum Village founder Thich Nhat Hanh barring oneself and others from killing. His article It Takes Courage to Revere Nature, And Now Is the Time for Courage considers all aboard cheering or condoning, not chiding, cornering the captive. Asian yellow-legged hornets only draw their stingers, no more fatally poisonous than European Vespidae (from Latin vespa, "wasp" and Greek -ειδής, "-like") family members for self-defense.

Asian yellow-legged hornets establish 500 to 1,500-brooded, 2.46 to 2.95-foot (0.75 to 0.9-meter-) high nests, sometimes 10-plus-combed, in human-made structures and non-coniferous rural and urban trees.

Day-active life cycles between April and November, with August-September peaks, furnish male and worker Asian yellow-legged hornets with 0.67 to 0.98-inch (17 to 25-millimeter-) head-body lengths.

Asian yellow-legged hornets, Vespa velutina nigrithorax (from Latin vespa, "wasp"; velutina, "velvety"; niger, "black"; and thōrāx, "thorax"), get 1.18 to 1.38-inch (30 to 35-millimeter-) long queens. They have velvety black-grown thoraxes with four dark wings, unlike median wasps (Dolichovespula media) with yellow-marked dark thoaxes and two-winged, dark-legged hornet mimic hoverflies (Volucella zonaria). Asian yellow-legged hornets, identified by Robert du Buysson (May 6, 1861-March 16, 1946), integrated orange faces with black-brown heads and orange-banded fourth segments onto black-brown abdomens.

Dark-antennaed Asian yellow-legged hornets and yellow-antennaed European hornets (Vespa crabro) and giant wood-wasps (Urocerus gigas) sometimes journey about on their yellow-ended brown, yellow, and brown-ended legs.

The fourth mindfulness training, on interconnected suffering, by Thich Nhat Hanh optimally kindles knowing Asian yellow-legged hornets as predatory prey in life-giving, life-taking survivalist food chains.

Asian yellow-legged hornets locate as Asian and continental European prey mainly membranous-winged (Hymenoptera), next majorly true fly (Diptera) and minorly beetle (Coleoptera) and cockroach (Blattaria) orders. Continental European butterfly and moth (Lepidoptera), caddisfly (Trichoptera), earwig (Dermaptera), folded-wing (Orthoptera), net-winged (Neuroptera), scorpionfly (Mecoptera) and true bug (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) orders make up minor prey. Continental European predators near the French entry ports needed to negotiate or nullify such numerously nutritious prey as bird and mammal carcasses and 12 invertebrate orders.

Chickadees (Paridae), European bee-eaters (Merops apiaster), European honey buzzards (Pernis apivorus), green woodpeckers (Picus viridis) and jays (Garrulus glandarius) less than optimally obstructed Asian yellow-legged hornets.

Predatory French insect-killing fungi, nematodes and parasitic flies (Conops vesicularis) never prevented Asian yellow-legged wasps progressing through 46,332.26 square miles (120,000 square kilometers) within three years.

Asian yellow-legged hornets quit their Asian homelands in cut flowers; freight containers; garden furniture and pots; soils anchoring fruiting non-woody and woody plants; and untreated timber. They ranged from southern France in 2004 southwestward into the Balearic Islands, Portugal and Spain; southeastward into Italy; and northward into Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. Imported products and independent flight perhaps supported their spread into the United Kingdom by the Channel Islands to Gloucestershire in 2016 and North Devon in 2017.

Thich Nhat Hanh perhaps teaches us, to paraphrase Nobel Laureate singer/songwriter Bob Dylan, to empathize with human-transported Asian yellow-legged hornets that wish they had stayed home.

Nobel Laureate singer/songwriter Bob Dylan's Zen Buddhist-themed oil painting, The Monk, was included in the October 2011 exhibition Bob Dylan: The Asia Series at Gagosian Gallery's New York City space: Lion's Roar @lionsroarbuddhism, via Facebook Oct. 13, 2016

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Asian yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) on rockspray cotoneaster (Cotoneaster horizontalis), Périgueux, Dordogne, southwestern France; Friday, May 14, 2010, 14:43: Père Igor, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vespa_velutina_Dordogne_(2).JPG

Nobel Laureate singer/songwriter Bob Dylan's Zen Buddhist-themed oil painting, The Monk, was included in the October 2011 exhibition Bob Dylan: The Asia Series at Gagosian Gallery's New York City space: Lion's Roar @lionsroarbuddhism, via Facebook Oct. 13, 2016, @ https://www.facebook.com/lionsroarbuddhism/posts/663928600436797

For further information:

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Borella, Jonathan. 3 October 2014. "The Way of Aspiration." Wake Up Community > Sharings > Dharma.
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Buysson, Robert du. "Monographie des Guêpes ou Vespa. Pl. III et IV." Annales de la Société entomologique de France Année 1903. Volume LXXII. 72(1903): 260-288. Paris, France: Au Siège de la Société, 1903-1904.
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Buysson, Robert du. "V. velutina Lepeletier." Pages 548-550. In: "Monographie des Guêpes." Annales de la Société entomologique de France Volume LXXII . - Année 1904. 4me et 2e Trimestres. 73(1904): 485-556. Paris, France: Au Siège de la Société, Novembre 1904.
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Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9660478

"Call to Look Out for the Non-Native Asian or Yellow-Legged Hornet (Vespa velutina)." Posted 7 May 2019. Bumblebee Conservation Trust.
Available @ https://www.bumblebeeconservation.org/call-to-look-out-for-the-non-native-asian-or-yellow-legged-hornet-vespa-velutina/

Cappa, Federico; Alessandro Cini; Irene Pepiciello; Iacopo Petrocelli; and Rita Cervo. 16 August 2018. "Female Body Size, Weight and Fat Storage Rather Than Nestmateship Determine Male Attraction in the Invasive Yellow-Legged Hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax." Ethology Ecology & Evolution 31(1): 73-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2018.1501437.
Available @ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03949370.2018.1501437

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Dylan, Bob. "I Pity the Poor Immigrant." John Wesley Harding. New York City NY: Sony Music Entertainment Inc., 1967. New York City NY: Columbia Records, 2004.

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Jen. (Jennifer Blough; and Annen Weber). 17 April 2018. "Intro to Mindfulness: Four Easy Ways to Live in the Moment." Deepwater Michigan > Blog.
Available @ https://deepwatermichigan.com/intro-to-mindfulness-four-easy-ways-to-live-in-the-moment/

Kennedy, Peter J.; Scott M. Ford; Juliette Poidatz; Denis Thièry; and Juliet L. Osborne. 4 July 2018. "Searching for Nests of the Invasive Asian Hornet (Vespa velutina) Using Radio-Telemetry." Communications Biology 1, 88 (2018). doi: 10.1038/s42003-018-0092-9.
Available @ https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-018-0092-9

Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, M. Le Comte Amédée. 1836. "4. Vespa veloutée de Haan, V." Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Hymnénoptères. Tome Premier. I: 507. Paris, France: Librairie Encylopédique de Roret.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10928462

Lion's Roar @lionsroarbuddhism. 13 October 2016. "Singer-songwriter Bob Dylan was just awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his body of songwriting. We recall one of his less-appreciated art pursuits: painting." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/lionsroarbuddhism/posts/663928600436797

McMahon, Jeff. 8 September 2019. "It Takes Courage To Revere Nature, And Now Is The Time For Courage." Forbes > Green Tech.
Available @ https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffmcmahon/2019/09/08/it-takes-courage-to-revere-nature-and-now-is-the-time-for-courage/#44989511e431

"Non-Native Invasive Species Watch: Asian or Yellow-Legged Hornet (Vespa velutina)."
Available @ https://www.bumblebeeconservation.org/asian-or-yellow-legged-hornet/

Osterloff, Emiy. 4 October 2018. Updated 26 April 2019. "Why Asian Hornets Are Bad News for British Bees." Natural History Museum > Discover.
Available @ https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/why-asian-hornets-are-bad-news-for-british-bees.html

Sauvard, Daniel; Vanessa Imbault; and Éric Darrouzet. 8 June 2018. "Flight Capacities of Yellow-Legged Hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax, Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Workers from an Invasive Population in Europe."
Available @ https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0198597

Sperry, Rod Meade. 13 October 2016. "Recalling Bob Dylan’s Buddhist 'Monk.'" Lion's Roar.
Available @ https://www.lionsroar.com/bob-dylans-buddhist-monk/

Vespa Velutina. "Threats." Vespa Velutina.
Available @ https://www.vespavelutina.eu/en-us/vespa-velutina/Threats

Whitaker, Justin. 19 July 2019. "Thich Nhat Hanh Honored with 2019 Gandhi Mandela Peace Medal." Buddhistdoor Global > News.
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"Zen Master Thich Nhat Hanh Awarded the First Gandhi Mandela Peace Medal." Plum Village > News > July 22, 2019.
Available @ https://plumvillage.org/news/zen-master-thich-nhat-hanh-awarded-the-first-gandhi-mandela-peace-medal/

Hawaii Mamo Feathers Are Like Gold Necklaces on Magnum’s Die He Said

Summary: Hawaii mamo feathers are like gold necklaces on Magnum’s Die He Said Nov. 12, 2018, re-aired Sept. 6, 2019, in affirming accomplishment and admiration.

Hawaiian mamo (Drepanis pacifica); 1893 illustration by Dutch bird illustrator Johannes Gerardus Keulemans (June 8, 1842-March 29, 1912), in W. Rothschild's The Avifauna of Laysan (August 1893, November 1893, December 1900): Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr

Hawaii mamo feathers are like gold necklaces on Magnum’s Die He Said crime action drama television series episode Nov. 11, 2018, re-aired Sept. 6, 2019, in affirming one’s accomplishment and another’s admiration.

Director Peter Weller and writer Joe Gazzam begin Season One's eighth episode with private investigator Thomas Magnum (Jay Hernandez) beachcombing Robin’s Nest for a gold necklace. Robin’s Nest curator Teuila Tuileta (Amy Hill), called Kumu (from Hawaiian kumu, “teacher”), coordinates the careful coastal combing conducted by Magnum and Juliet Higgins (Perdita Weeks). Magnum does double duty in discovering a dying client’s missing brother and the necklace for Juliet, Robin’s Nest majordomo (from Latin maior, “main” and domus, “household”).

Bone marrow from Bobby Malua (Karl Yune) to William (C.S. Lee) and gold jewelry from “R” to Juliet express emotions perhaps equivalent to Hawaii mamo feathers.

Fringillidae (from Latin fringilla, "small bird [chaffinch? robin?]" in classical contexts, "finch" in New Latin contexts) true finch family members favor blue-white eggs sparsely, variably featured.

Physically and sexually mature females gather in nesting groups with other mothers-to-be on shrub and tree branches where they get together cup-shaped, self-made, substantial, well-made nests. They hatch, with fathers-to-be helping with food-harvesing, downy chicks with red mouths and white-yellow gape flanges from eggs more purple- and red-marked toward their larger ends. The conical, sharp-edged, stout bills of true finches and their Carduelinae (from Latin carduelis, "goldfinch, thistlefinch") subfamily members imply cracking nut and seed cases before ingesting.

Male Hawaii mamo honeycreepers, judged taxonomically by Johann Friedrich Gmelin (Aug. 8, 1748-Nov. 1, 1804), journey to family nursery nests with regurgitated nuts and seeds.

The Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) in Paris, France, keeps two black-headed, black-crowned, black-eyed, black-throated juvenile unstuffed skins with pale-based black bills.

Female and male juveniles, both with black lower backs, logged brown cheeks, napes and sides of heads and black-brown superciliaries and sides of necks and bodies. Both juvenile genders logged brown cheeks, napes and sides of heads; black-brown eyebrow-like superciliaries and sides of necks and bodies; and black-and-yellow lower backs and shoulders. They manifested yellow center-body, lower-body and undertail-covert feathers; white-based yellow thighs; brown-gray undertail, primary and secondary feathers; black-brown upperwings; black-brown, off-white primary-coverts; and yellow-edged off-white underwings. They netted 1.44- to 1.52-inch (36.6- to 38.6-millimeter) nostril-tip, 1.61- to 1.71-inch (41- to 43.4-millimeter) upper-bill ridge culmen, 3.78- to 3.84-inch (96 to 97.4-millimeter) wing lengths.

Juvenile Hawaii mamo honeycreepers obtained 2.10-inch (53.4-millimeter) tail, 1.14- to 1.32-inch (29- to 33.4-millimeter) foot-lower leg tarsus (from Greek ταρσός, “flat drying-frame”), 5.51-inch (140-millimeter) body lengths.

Physical and sexual maturity presents average 8.03-inch (204-millimeter) body, 4.24-inch (107.8-millimeter) wing, 2.91-inch (74-millimeter) tail, 1.73-inch (44-millimeter) culmen, 1.15-inch (29.2-millimeter) tarsus and 1.14-inch (29-millimeter) bill-tailtip lengths.

Maturity queues black, down-curved, 0.26-inch- (6.7-millimeter-) deep, 0.20-inch- (5.1-millimeter-) wide, 3-inch- (76.2-millimeter-) long bills; black-brown irises, legs; yellow lower backs, rumps, uppertail-coverts, undertails, thighs; white-yellow underwing-coverts. It realizes yellow-edged black wings, white primary-coverts, white-centered black quills, white-spotted black-brown central flight-feathers and black-brown-gray primaries, secondaries and tertials in semi-dry, semi-wet, wet lowland rainforests. July 1898 last saw cuckoo-styled, plaintive-whistling, smooth-moving fliers amid hāhā (Cyanea), hapu’u (Cibotium), loulu (Pritchardia), ‘ōhi’a lehua (Metrosideros) trees from sea level through 1,000-foot (304.8-meter) altitudes.

Hawaii mamo honeycreepers, Drepanis pacifica (from Greek δρεπανίς, “sickle” and Latin pācifica, “Pacifican”) taxonomically, unlike Juliet’s gold necklace, took to higher-altitude terrains or turned up extinct.

Thomas Magnum (Jay Hernandez), Bobby Malua (Karl Yune) and "Rick" Wright (Zachary Knighton) in Magnum PI's Die He Said (season 1 episode 8): What2Vue @What2Vue, via Twitter Nov. 3, 2018

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Hawaiian mamo (Drepanis pacifica); 1893 illustration by Dutch bird illustrator Johannes Gerardus Keulemans (June 8, 1842-March 29, 1912), in W. Rothschild's The Avifauna of Laysan (August 1893, November 1893, December 1900): Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/biodivlibrary/50436417138/;
Public Domain, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48126578;
Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drepanis_pacifica-Keulemans.jpg

Thomas Magnum (Jay Hernandez), Bobby Malua (Karl Yune) and "Rick" Wright (Zachary Knighton) in Magnum PI's Die He Said (season 1 episode 8): What2Vue @What2Vue, via Twitter Nov. 3, 2018, @ https://twitter.com/What2Vue/status/1058778049741799424

For further information:

BirdLife International. 2016. "Hawaii Mamo Drepanis pacifica." The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22720848A94686625. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22720848A94686625.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22720848/94686625

"Die He Said." Magnum PI: The First Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Nov. 12, 2018.

"80. Hawai'i Mamo." Hawaii Biological Survey > Good Guys & Bad Guys > Good Guy. Copyright Bishop Museum, 2008.
Available @ http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/good-bad/drep-pacifica.html

Gmelin, Jo. Frid. (Johann Friedrich). 1788. "[65. Certhia] pacifica. 27." Page 470. In: Caroli a Linné systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Lipsiæ [Germany]: Georg. Emanuel Beer.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2897070

Latham, John 1782. A General Synopsis of Birds. Volume 1: 703. London, England: Benjamin White.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/337273555

Latham, John. 1787. "Genus XXVIII. Creeper. 3. Great Hook-Billed Cr." Page 126. In: Supplement to the General Synopsis of Birds. London, England: Leigh & Sotheby, MDCCLXXXVII.
Available via The University of British Columbia @ https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/bcbooks/items/1.0363049#p143z-4r0f:

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 September 2019. "Koloa Maoli Hawaiian Ducks Are One Duck Less on Magnum's Sudden Death." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/koloa-maoli-hawaiian-ducks-are-one-duck.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2019. "Makou Hawaiian Buttercups Add No Aconitine to Magnum's I, the Deceased." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/makou-hawaiian-buttercups-add-no.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2018. "Makiawa Hawaiian Sardines Appease Magnum PI's The Cat Who Cried Wolf." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/makiawa-hawaiian-sardines-appease.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 October 2018. "Hawaiian Dolphinfish Mahi-Mahi Abide by Magnum PI's From the Head Down." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/hawaiian-dolphinfish-mahi-mahi-abide-by.html

Olson, Storrs L.; and Julian P. Hume. 17 November 2009. "Notes on Early Illustrations and the Juvenile Plumage of the Extinct Hawaiian Mamo Drepanis pacifica (Drepanidini)." Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 129(4): 206-212.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47491072
Available via ResearchGate @ file:///var/users/stn202-wv/OlsonHumeDrepanisplumages%20(2).pdf
Available via SemanticScholar @ http://julianhume.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Olson-Hume-Drepanis-plumages.pdf

Pratt, H. Douglas. 4 March 2020. "Hawaii Mamo (Drepanis pacifica)." Version 1.0. In: A. F. Poole, editor. Birds of the World. Ithaca NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Text last updated 1 January 2002. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hawmam1/1.0/introduction
Available @ https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hawmam1/cur/introduction

Red and Yellow: The Colors of Royalty." Private Tours Hawaii, LLC > Blog > Archives December 2017 > 12/27/2017.
Available @ https://www.privatetourshawaii.com/blog/red-and-yellow-the-colors-of-royalty

What2Vue @What2Vue. "CBS released Promotional Photos of Magnum P.I. episode "Die He Said" (1.08) https://what2vue.com/2018/11/03/promotional-photos-of-magnum-p-i-episode-8-die-he-said/ #MagnumPI #CBS." Twitter. Nov. 3, 2018.
Available @ https://twitter.com/What2Vue/status/1058778049741799424

Spatterdock Darner Dragonfly Habitats: T-Spotted Forehead With Pale Surround

Summary: North American spatterdock darner dragonfly habitats get blue/green-eyed and marked bodies, forked claspers and T-spotted foreheads with pale surrounds.

Spatterdock darner dragonflies (Rhionaeschna mutata) favor fishless ponds, abundant vegetation, especially with their favorite plant, spatterdock or cow lily or yellow pond-lily (Nupha advena); photos by Blassage Photography, Rockton, Winnebago County, north central Illinois: Elbel for Everyone @elbel4everyone, via Twitter Feb. 21, 2018

North American spatterdock darner dragonfly habitats appreciate vernal pool-loving naturalists and water garden-loving cultivators in distribution ranges from Nova Scotia through Virginia and Tennessee, Kansas, Wisconsin, Ontario and Maine and everywhere in-between.

Spatterdock darners bear their common name for spatterdock perches and ovipositing sites and knitting needle-like abdomens and the scientific name Rhionaeschna mutata (peaked misshapen [spear] changed). Common names claim the consensus of scientific committees convened by the Dragonfly Society of the Americas, whose 12th Bulletin of American Odonatology concerns odonates in Montana. Descriptions in 1861 by Hermann August Hagen (May 30, 1817-Nov. 9, 1893), cousin of physicist Georg Adolf Erman (May 12, 1806-July 12, 1877), drive scientific designations.

Spatterdock darner life cycles expect boggy and fishless ponds with flowering water lilies such as spatterdock and water shields and with nearby fields and shrubby woodlands.

May through September function as earliest to latest flight seasons even though June furnishes wildlife mapping opportunities in Canada's and the United States' spatterdock darner niches.

Spatterdock darners go on erratic, leisurely flights 10 to 15 feet (3.05 to 4.57 meters) above the centers of ponds and the tops of vegetated fields. They halt every 10 to 15 minutes to hunt as hawkers of immobile or mobile, low-flying or low-lying invertebrate prey around spatterdock and other flowering plants. They investigate intermittent perches on shrubby twigs in nearby woodlands before and subsequent to foraging itineraries that immobilize invertebrate prey within clawed legs and lower lips.

Ants, assassin flies, biting midges, ducks, falcons, fish, flycatchers, frogs, grebes, lizards, spiders, turtles and water beetles and mites jeopardize North American spatterdock darner dragonfly habitats.

spatterdock darner dragonfly (Rhionaeschna mutata); MacCready Reserve, Liberty Township, Jackson County, south central Michigan; Saturday, May 27, 2017, 12:21:06: Don Henise (Kiskadee 3), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Spatterdock darners know blue-eyed, blue-spotted, blue-striped bodies as males and, as females, blue-eyed, blue-spotted, blue-striped bodies, blue-eyed, blue-spotted abdomens, green-striped thoraxes and brown-green-eyed, green-spotted, green-striped bodies.

Incomplete metamorphosis links rod-shaped eggs laid by females in the underwater tissue of spatterdock and water shield stems, multi-molting larvae, naiads or nymphs and molted tenerals. Molted, recently emerged, shiny-winged, tender-bodied, weak-flying tenerals manage permanent colors and physical and sexual maturation before mating and, as single mothers-to-be of subsequently orphaned eggs, ovipositing. Aphids, beetles, borers, caddisflies, copepods, crane flies, dobsonflies, gnats, leafhoppers, mosquitoes, rotifers, scuds, water fleas and worms nourish neotropical darner members of the Aeshnidae dragonfly family.

North American spatterdock darner dragonfly habitats offer season-coldest temperatures, northward to southward, from minus 45 to 5 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 42.11 to minus 15 degrees Celsius).

Beech, bellflower, birch, bladderwort, cattail, daisy, grass, greenbrier, heath, laurel, madder, maple, nettle, olive, pepperbush, pine, pondweed, rush, sedge, water-lily and willow families promote spatterdock darners.

Blue-eyed, blue-marked, male-colored andromorphs and brown-green-eyed, green-marked female-colored, short-claspered heteromorphs queue up as rarer adult female spatterdock darners than quite common blue-eyed, blue-spotted, green-striped, long-claspered intermediates. Adult males reveal black T-spotted foreheads like females, dark, not female-like pale, stigmas (colored cells near wingtips) and three forked claspers, not two female-like, narrow appendages. Adults show off a neotropical darner-specific first abdominal segment bump, 2.91- to 2.99-inch (74- to 76-millimeter) head-body lengths and 1.73- to 2.01-inch (44- to 51-millimeter) hindwings.

Black T-spotted foreheads with pale surrounds, blue/green-eyed, blue/green-marked bodies and forked male claspers tell spatterdock darners from other odonates in North American spatterdock darner dragonfly habitats

spatterdock darner dragonfly (Rhionaeschna mutata) head and wings -- remains found at Ten Acre Pond, Scotia, Centre County, central Pennsylvania; Frost Entomological Museum/Pennsylvania State University (PSUC), University Park, Centre County, central Pennsylvania; photo by Andrew R. "Andy" Deans, Frost Museum director; Thursday, June 20, 2013: Frost Museum, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Spatterdock darner dragonflies (Rhionaeschna mutata) favor fishless ponds, abundant vegetation, especially with their favorite plant, spatterdock or cow lily or yellow pond-lily (Nupha advena); photos by Blassage Photography, Rockton, Winnebago County, north central Illinois: Elbel for Everyone @elbel4everyone, via Twitter Feb. 21, 2018, @ https://twitter.com/elbel4everyone/status/966321788719390722

spatterdock darner dragonfly (Rhionaeschna mutata); MacCready Reserve, Liberty Township, Jackson County, south central Michigan; Saturday, May 27, 2017, 12:21:06: Don Henise (Kiskadee 3), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/kiskadee_3/34821164731/

spatterdock darner dragonfly (Rhionaeschna mutata) head and wings -- remains found at Ten Acre Pond, Scotia, Centre County, central Pennsylvania; Frost Entomological Museum/Pennsylvania State University (PSUC), University Park, Centre County, central Pennsylvania; photo by Andrew R. "Andy" Deans, Frost Museum director; Thursday, June 20, 2013: Frost Museum, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/93467196@N02/9095600541/

For further information:

Abbott, John C. Dragonflies and Damselflies of Texas and the South-Central United States: Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma and New Mexico. Princeton NJ; Oxford UK: Princeton University Press, 2005.

Arc of Appalachia @ArcofAppalachia. "This striking Spatterdock Darner dragonfly was observed at Cedar Bog today." Facebook. June 5, 2016.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10154324455559604

Beaton, Giff. Dragonflies & Damselflies of Georgia and the Southeast. Athens GA; London UK: University of Georgia Press, 2007.

Berger, Cynthia. Dragonflies. Mechanicsburg PA: Stackpole Books: Wild Guide, 2004.

Bright, Ethan. "Rhionaeschna mutata (Hagen, 1861: 124 as Aeschna) - Spatterdock Darner." Aquatic Insects of Michigan > Odonata (Dragon- and Damselflies) of Michigan > Anisoptera Selys, 1854 -- Dragonflies > Aeshnidae Rambur, 1842: 181 (Darners) > Rhionaeschna Foerster, 1909 (Neotropical Darners).
Available @ http://www.aquaticinsects.org/sp/Odonata/sp_oom.html

Deans, Andy. "Remains of the Day." Frost Entomological Museum at Penn State > Frost Curators' Blog. June 20, 2013.
Available @ https://sites.psu.edu/frost/2013/06/20/remains-of-the-day/

Elbel for Everyone ‏@elbel4everyone. "The Spatterdock Darner, Rhionaeschna mutata, requires shallow, fishless wetlands w/ emergent vegetation incl. Spatterdock. You can find them in their high quality, native habitat @ Mud Lake/Elbel Park in early summer." Twitter. Feb. 21, 2018.
Available @ https://twitter.com/elbel4everyone/status/966321788719390722

Hagen, Hermann. "10. AE. mutata! Aeschna mutata Hagen!" Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America. With a List of the South American Species: 124-125. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. IV, art. I. Translated from Latin to English by Philip Reese Uhler. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, July 1861.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1321254
Available via HathiTrust @ https://hdl.handle.net/2027/aeu.ark:/13960/t32241f34?urlappend=%3Bseq=122

Paulson, Dennis. Dragonflies and Damselflies of the East. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, Princeton Field Guides, 2011.

"Rhionaeschna mutata." James Cook University-Medusa: The Odonata - Dragonflies and Damselflies > Anisoptera > Aeschnidae > Rhionaeschna.
Available via James Cook University-Medusa @ https://medusa.jcu.edu.au/Dragonflies/openset/displaySpecies.php?spid=394

"The 2012 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map." The National Gardening Association > Gardening Tools > Learning Library USDA Hardiness Zone > USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map.
Available @ https://garden.org/nga/zipzone/2012/