Are Prisoners Accessing Pepper Spray on Elementary's Miss Understood?

Summary: Chain saws, identity theft, pepper spray and wood chippers assure Elementary Season 4's Miss Taken her prison cell in Miss Understood July 11, 2019.

Grossum Group sweet bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) offer biggest cultivated variety fruits with capsaicin molecules for pepper spray; 'Alma Paprika' is a popular sweet pepper in the Grossum Group: Rob Smith @RobsAllotment, via Twitter Sept. 19, 2016

Murder by pepper spray, chain saws and wood chippers on Elementary procedural drama television series Season 4's seventh episode, Miss Taken, anticipates murder for consulting detectives on Miss Understood July 11, 2019.

Director Michael Smith and writer Bob Goodman bring Cassie Lenue (Ally Ioannides), who almost bilked the Davenport family of $5 million, into Season 7's eighth episode. The series' 149th episode overall clusters Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) and Joan Watson (Lucy Liu) into a three-way chat with the calculating, clever, convicted criminal. Blood on a brake pedal in a car she drove declared Cassie's guilt in dividing Robert Underhill, Retired Federal Bureau of Investigation Agent, into chipper-size pieces.

Cassie envisioned nothing except a court trial whose jury verdict exonerates her on all counts, despite expert and witness testimonies and physical evidence to the contrary.

Agent Underhill figures out Cassie's identity theft as Mina Davenport (Sarah Cetrulo) and finds himself weeping and wheezing from a burning face full of pepper spray.

Perhaps Cassie still guards pepper spray since prison grounds sometimes grow garden vegetables such as cayenne, chili, Christmas, ornamental chili, red and sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum). Oleoresin capsicum oils harbor the chemical compound and inflammatory agent capsaicin that heralds burning sensations as pepper spray and tingling sensations as fresh or prepared peppers. The Solanaceae (from Latin sōlānum, "nightshade" and -āceae, "-like") family member, identified by Carl Linnaeus (May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778), inspires summer cutting-, winter seed-incremented populations.

Capsicum annuum (from Greek καψικός, "box-like" and Latin annuum, "yearly") peppers juggle 4,500 to 4,700 creamy to dark tan, disk-like, flattened seeds per ounce (28.35 grams).

Twelve to 21 days at 70 degrees Fahrenheit (21 degrees Celsius) kindle germinated, 0.12- to 0.18-inch (3- to 4.5-millimeter) diameter, 0.04-inch- (1-millimeter-) thick Capsicum annuum seeds.

Basal, placental parts of berry-like, pod-shaped fruits on 3.15-inch- (8-centimeter-) long peduncles (from Latin pedunculus, "little foot") lodge capsaicin molecules for pepper pungency and pepper seeds. Abbreviatum ("abbreviated"), acuminatum ("pointed") and cerasiforme ("cherry-shaped") cultivars manifest respective 0.7- to 1.97-inch- (2- to 5-centimeter-) long wrinkled, 4.33-inch (11-centimeter) chili and 0.98-inch (2.5-centimeter) cherry peppers. Conoides ("cone-like"), fasciculatum ("clustered") and longum ("long") cultivated varieties net respective 1.18-inch (3-centimeter) cone, 2.95-inch (7.5-centimeter) cayenne and 11.81-inch (30-centimeter) red, white, yellow long peppers.

Inflated, mild, thick-fleshed orange, purple, red and yellow Grossum ("large") paprikas and sweet peppers offer the biggest cultivated variety fruits with capsaicin molecules for pepper spray.

Capsicum annuum peppers possess bell-shaped, blue-purple-anthered, five- to seven-lobed and stamened, purple-white-ovaried, 0.32- to 0.59-inch (8- to 15-millimeter) diameter, petal-whorled corollas within cup-shaped, five-toothed, sepal-whorled calyxes.

Alternate-positioned 3.94-plus-inch (10-plus-centimeter) by 1.97-plus-inch (5-plus-centimeter) leaves on 3.94-inch (10-centimeter) petioles queue along 1- to 2-plus-foot- (0.31- to 0.61-plus-meter-) long and wide stems above same-dimensioned roots. Capsicum annuum peppers require fertile, moist, well-drained sandy loams; soil pHs 5. to 6.8; and 23.62- to 49.21-inch (600- to 1,250-millimeter) rainfall through 9,186.35-foot (2,800-meter) altitudes. They survive respective day and night temperatures from 50 to 60 and 64 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit (10 to 16 and 18 to 29 degrees Celsius).

Sherlock probably thinks of electronic surveillance systems and martial-art singlesticks as more intruder-preventative and intruder-proof than pepper spray from backyard-, kitchen- or roof-tended Capsicum annuum peppers.

In CBS Elementary tv series' Miss Understood (season 7 episode 8), Ally Ioannides reprises her role as Cassie Lenue, who unsuccessfully posed as kidnap victim Mina Davenport in Miss Taken (season 4 episode 7); scene of Cassie's Mina with Mina's father, Richard (Raphael Sbarge), in Miss Taken: Alan Rapp @CapnCarrot, via Twitter Jan.10, 2016

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Grossum Group sweet bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) offer biggest cultivated variety fruits with capsaicin molecules for pepper spray; 'Alma Paprika' is a popular sweet pepper in the Grossum Group: Rob Smith @RobsAllotment, via Twitter Sept. 19, 2016, @ https://twitter.com/RobsAllotment/status/777967141307973632

In CBS Elementary tv series' Miss Understood (season 7 episode 8), Ally Ioannides reprises her role as Cassie Lenue, who unsuccessfully posed as kidnap victim Mina Davenport in Miss Taken (season 4 episode 7); scene of Cassie's Mina with Mina's father, Richard (Raphael Sbarge), in Miss Taken: Alan Rapp @CapnCarrot, via Twitter Jan.10, 2016, @ https://twitter.com/CapnCarrot/status/686191016274051072

For further information:

Aguilar-Meléndez, A.; Azurdia C.; Cerén-López, J.; Menjívar, J.; & Contreras, A. 2019. "Capsicum annuum (Amended Version of 2017 Assessment)." The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T100895534A143826567. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T100895534A143826567.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/100895534/143826567

Alan Rapp ‏@CapnCarrot. 10 January 2016. "My #review of @Elementary_CBS – Miss Taken http://www.razorfine.com/television-reviews/elementary-miss-taken/ . . .  #Elementary #tvreview." Twitter.
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"Capsicum annuum." Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center.
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Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. 1892. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. London, England: George Newnes Ltd.

Linnæi, Caroli. 1753. "Capsicum annuum." Species Plantarum, Exhibentes Plantas Rite Cognitas, ad Genera Relatas, cum Differentiis Specificis, Nominibus Trivialibus, Synonymis Selectis, Locis Natalibus, Secundum Systema Sexuale Digestas. Tomus I: 188-189. Holmiæ [Stockholm, Sweden]: Laurentii Salvii.
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Engaged Buddhism of Thich Nhat Hanh Allies With Ajanta Jataka Tales

Summary: Just, mindful, peaceful Engaged Buddhism of founder Thich Nhat Hanh in twentieth-century Vietnam activates Ajanta jataka tales in fifth-century India.

As one of the founders of An Quang Buddhist Institute in 1949, Vietnamese Zen Buddhist monk Thich Nhat Hanh built the institute's temple, which was actually named Ung Quang, with Venerable Tri Huu, a Dharma teacher from Danang; An Quang Pagoda (Chua An Quang), 243 Master Van Hanh Street, Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon), Vietnam; Thursday, Sep. 22, 2005, 14:03: Lerdsuwa, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

The twentieth- and twenty-first-century Engaged Buddhism of founder Thich Nhat Hanh in Australia, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Thailand, the United States and Vietnam allies with the fifth-century Ajanta jataka tales in India.

The Engaged Buddhism of founder Thich Nhat Hanh, from 1954 onward, belongs within the mass-enlightening Mahayana Buddhist (from Sanskrit महायान, "great vehicle" and बुद्ध, "awakened") tradition. The 1,300- to 2,300-year-old Ajanta (from Sanskrit अजित, "invincible") Caves, like Vietnamese culture, commemorate 2,350-year-old self-enlightening Theravada (from Sanskrit स्थविरवाद, "elders' doctrine") and 2,000-year-old Mahayana Buddhism. Ajanta jataka (from Sanskrit जातक, "born under") tales describe 550 bodhisattva (from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व, "enlightened existence") reincarnations of Gautama (from Sanskrit गोतम, "brightness [dispels] darkness") Buddha.

Literal, painted, sculpted, symbolic Ajanta jataka tales expose Gautama Buddha's emergence as enlightened 35- to 80-year-old Siddhartha (from Sanskrit सिद्धार्थ, "successful") and 549 other sentient beings.

Thich Nhat Hanh formulates Engaged Buddhism for just, mindful, peaceful economics, education, politics and society from the Vietnamese di vao cuoc doi ("to enter social life").

Thich Nhat Hanh's years (1949-1961) as founding teacher at An Quang Buddhist Institute in the former Saigon at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, guide Engaged Buddhism. His 10 serialized articles, A Fresh Look at Buddhism, for Vu Ngoc Cac, manager of a daily newspaper in southeast Vietnam, heralded Engaged Buddhism in 1954. His second 10-article series, Buddhism Today, for Duc Tam, editor of a Buddhist magazine in Hue, central Vietnam, imparted more information on Engaged Buddhism in 1954.

Thich Nhat Hanh joined the two 10-article series into the publications Dao Phat Di Vao Cuoc Doi and, as the English equivalent, Engaged Buddhism, in 1964.

Thich Nhat Hanh founding Phuong Boi ("Fragrant Palm Leaves Monastery") practice in highland Vietnam in 1956 kindled Dao Phat Hien Dai Hoa ("Buddhism Updated") in 1964.

Thich Nhat Hanh launching the School of Youth for Social Service and Van Hanh University in central Vietnam in 1964 links with that and subsequent publications. Thich Nhat Hanh maintained the Engaged Buddhism momentum as La Boi and Parallax Press publishing house respective founder in Vietnam and California in 1964 and 1987. His Plum Village Tradition nestles one Australian mindfulness center, one German, one Hong Kongese, one Thai, two French and three United Statesian centers within Engaged Buddhism.

The Engaged Buddhism of founder Thich Nhat Hanh observes Five and Fourteen Mindfulnesses from Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path in Ajanta jataka tales.

The Four Noble Truths present ill-being through ill-living and well-living through the well-being of eightfold, non-self-aggrandizing, non-self-mortifying understanding, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness and concentration.

Anger-free, communal, compassionate and healthy, free-thinking, generous, humane, loving, non-attached, non-punitive, nourishing and protective, open-minded, present-minded, reverent, truthful mindfulnesses queue up from 34 Ajanta jataka tales. Ajanta caves 1, 2, 16 and 17 retain 34 reincarnations recorded in Arya Shura's Jatakamala ("The Garland of Birth Stories") from Siddhartha Gautama's (624?-544 BCE?) revelations. Their literal, painted, sculpted, symbolic Ajanta jataka tales suggest the mass- and self-enlightening virtues of benevolence, determination, equanimity, generosity, insight, morality, patience, reality, renunciation and vigor.

Ajanta jataka tales of enlightened, enlightening, golden hamsa (from Sanskrit हंस, "goose") Dhatarattha and 33 others transmit activist, mass-enlightening, mindful, peaceful, self-enlightening tenets to Engaged Buddhism.

depiction of Jataka Mala's Hamsa Jataka, Ajanta Cave 17; Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra, west-central India: Yann Forget, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

As one of the founders of An Quang Buddhist Institute in 1949, Vietnamese Zen Buddhist monk Thich Nhat Hanh built the institute's temple, which was actually named Ung Quang, with Venerable Tri Huu, a Dharma teacher from Danang; An Quang Pagoda (Chua An Quang), 243 Master Van Hanh Street, Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon), Vietnam; Thursday, Sep. 22, 2005, 14:03: Lerdsuwa, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HCMC_An_Quang.jpg

depiction of Jataka Mala's Hamsa Jataka, Ajanta Cave 17; Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra, west-central India: Yann Forget, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hamsa_jâtaka,_Ajanta,_India.jpg

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Marriner, Derdriu. 22 February 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Pithora Wall Art.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 29.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Partial Lunar Eclipse July 16 to July 17 Is Second 2019 Lunar Eclipse

Summary: The partial lunar eclipse July 16 to July 17 is the second 2019 lunar eclipse, occurring less than six months after 2019’s first lunar eclipse.

graphics and details of partial lunar eclipse Tuesday, July 16, to Wednesday, July 17, 2019: "Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment, Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA GSFC Emeritus," via NASA Eclipse Web Site

The partial lunar eclipse July 16 to July 17 is the second 2019 lunar eclipse, occurring less than six months after 2019’s first lunar eclipse and two weeks after 2019’s second solar eclipse.

The partial lunar eclipse Tuesday, July 16, to Wednesday, July 17, favors Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and South America. Oceanically, the July partial lunar eclipse includes four of Earth’s five oceans. The visibility region takes in all of the Indian and Southern Oceans, much of the Atlantic Ocean and some of the Pacific Ocean.

Mid-July’s partial lunar eclipse visibility mostly disfavors North America by barely skimming the mainland’s northeastern coast and Greenland’s southeastern tip. The Arctic Ocean is excluded from the event’s visibility region.

A penumbral eclipse initiates mid-July’s partial lunar eclipse. The penumbral eclipse concerns the lighter, outer region of Earth’s shadow, known as the penumbra (Latin: paene, “almost” + umbra, “shadow”).

The instant of first exterior contact between the moon and Earth’s penumbra happens Tuesday, July 16, 2019, at 18:43:53 Universal Time (2:43 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time), according to (now retired) NASA astrophysicist Fred Espenak's predictions on NASA’s Eclipse Web Site. Local time zones place the start of mid-July’s partial lunar eclipse at 8:43 p.m. Central European Summer Time in Malta; 9:43 p.m. Eastern Africa Time in Tanzania; 8:43 p.m. Central Africa Time in Namibia.

The instant of first exterior contact between the moon and the umbra, darker, inner region of Earth’s shadow, starts the partial eclipse segment of mid-July’s partial lunar eclipse. The partial segment starts at 20:01:43 UT (4:01 p.m. EDT). Local time zones place the partial segment’s beginning at 10:01 p.m. CEST in Malta; 11:01 p.m. EAT in Tanzania; 10:01 p.m. CAT in Namibia.

Greatest eclipse references the instant of the closest lunar passage to the axis of Earth’s shadow cone. Greatest eclipse occurs at 21:30:43.5 UT (5:30 p.m. EDT). Local time zones place the instant of greatest eclipse at 11:30 p.m. CEST in Malta and at 11:30 p.m. CAT in Namibia.

A day change occurs for the instant of the greatest eclipse in the Eastern Africa Time (EAT) zone. The EAT’s offset of UTC+3 indicates the zone’s time as set three hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the world’s primary time standard. The instant of greatest eclipse takes place Wednesday, July 17, at 12:30 a.m. in Tanzania.

July 2019’s partial lunar eclipse ends with the instant of last exterior contact between the moon and Earth’s penumbra. The penumbral eclipse ends Wednesday, July 17, at 00:17:36 UT (Tuesday, July 16, at 8:17 p.m. EDT). Local time zones end the penumbral eclipse Wednesday, July 17, at 2:17 a.m. CEST in Malta; at 3:17 a.m. in Tanzania; at 2:17 a.m. in Namibia.

The total duration of mid-July’s penumbral eclipse is 5 hours 33 minutes 43 seconds, according to Espenak’s predictions on NASA’s Eclipse Web Site. The duration of the umbral portion is 2 hours 57 minutes 56 seconds.

Mid-July’s partial lunar eclipse appears as 2019’s only partial eclipse. The year’s first lunar eclipse occurred Monday, Jan. 21, at 02:36:30 UT (Sunday, Jan. 20, at 5:36 p.m. Eastern Standard Time), as a total lunar eclipse.

The year’s only partial lunar eclipse shares July with 2019’s only total solar eclipse. The month’s total solar eclipse happened Tuesday, July 2, at 18:01:04.3 UT (2:01 p.m. EDT).

January’s total lunar eclipse also paired with a solar eclipse. January’s lunar eclipse shared the month with the year’s first solar eclipse. The partial solar eclipse took place Saturday, Jan. 5, at 23:34:08.75 UT (6:34 p.m. EST).

Fred Espenak’s EclipseWise website notes that the July 16-17, 2019, partial lunar eclipse happens 4.1 days before July’s lunar apogee (Ancient Greek: ἀπό, apó, “away”) + γῆ, gê, “Earth”). The month’s farthest center-to-center distance between moon and Earth occurs Sunday, July 21, 2019, at 00:01 Greenwich Mean Time/Coordinated Universal Time (Saturday, July 20, at 8:01 p.m. EDT). The moon-Earth distance measures 405,480 kilometers (251,953.59 miles).

The takeaways for the partial lunar eclipse July 16 or July 17, 2019, are that the year’s second of two lunar eclipses disfavors North America and the Arctic Ocean and that the year’s only partial lunar eclipse shares July with the year’s only total solar eclipse.

Earth as viewed from the center of the moon during July 2019’s partial lunar eclipse’s greatest eclipse: Tom Ruen (SockPuppetForTomruen at English Wikipedia), Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

graphics and details of partial lunar eclipse Tuesday, July 16, to Wednesday, July 17, 2019: "Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment, Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA GSFC Emeritus," via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEplot/LEplot2001/LE2019Jul16P.pdf

Earth as viewed from the center of the moon during July 2019’s partial lunar eclipse’s greatest eclipse: Tom Ruen (SockPuppetForTomruen at English Wikipedia), Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lunar_eclipse_from_moon-2019Jul16.png

For further information:

Espenak, Fred. “Partial Lunar Eclipse of 2019 Jul 16.” NASA Eclipse Web Site > Eclipses of the Moon > Decade Lunar Eclipse Tables > 2011-2020.
Available via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEplot/LEplot2001/LE2019Jul16P.pdf

Espenak, Fred. “Glossary of Lunar Eclipse Terms.” EclipseWise > Lunar Eclipses.
Available via EclipseWise @ http://www.eclipsewise.com/lunar/LEhelp/LEglossary.html

Espenak, Fred. “Lunar Eclipses of Saros Series 1 to 180.” NASA Eclipse Web Site > Lunar Eclipses > Catalog of Lunar Eclipse Saros Series.
Available via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEsaros/LEsaroscat.html

Espenak, Fred. “Lunar Eclipses of Saros Series -29 to 190.” EclipseWise > Lunar Eclipses > Saros Catalog of Lunar Eclipses.
Available via EclipseWise @ http://www.eclipsewise.com/lunar/LEsaros/LEsaroscat.html

Espenak, Fred. “Partial Lunar Eclipse of July 16.” EclipseWise > Lunar Eclipses > Recent and Upcoming Lunar Eclipses > Eclipses During 2019 > Total Lunar Eclipse of January 21.
Available via EclipseWise@ http://www.eclipsewise.com/oh/ec2019.html

Espenak, Fred. “Partial Lunar Eclipse of 2019 Jul 16.” EclipseWise > Lunar Eclipses > Recent and Upcoming Lunar Eclipses.
Available via EclipseWise @ http://www.eclipsewise.com/lunar/LEprime/2001-2100/LE2019Jul16Pprime.html

Espenak, Fred. “Total Solar Eclipse of 2019 Jul 02.” NASA Eclipse Web Site > Eclipses of the Sun > Decade Solar Eclipse Tables > 2011-2020.
Available via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEplot/SEplot2001/SE2019Jul02T.GIF

Marriner, Derdriu. “Jan. 20-21, 2019, Total Lunar Eclipse Belongs to Saros Cycle 134.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Jan. 9, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/jan-20-21-2019-total-lunar-eclipse.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “July 27, 2018, Total Lunar Eclipse Belongs to Saros Cycle 129.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, July 25, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/july-27-2018-total-lunar-eclipse.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Partial Solar Eclipse Jan. 5-6 Is First of Three 2019 Solar Eclipses.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, January 2, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/partial-solar-eclipse-jan-5-6-is-first.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Second 2018 Total Lunar Eclipse Occurs Friday, July 27.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, July 18, 2018
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/second-2018-total-lunar-eclipse-occurs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Total Lunar Eclipse Jan. 20-21 Is First of Two 2019 Lunar Eclipses.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Jan. 16, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/total-lunar-eclipse-jan-20-21-is-first.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Total Solar Eclipse July 2 Is Second of Three 2019 Solar Eclipses." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, June 26, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/total-solar-eclipse-july-2-is-second-of.html

Maria Jeritza, Who Died July 10, 1982, Had Met Opera Debut Nov. 19, 1921

Summary: Czech soprano Maria Jeritza, who died July 10, 1982, had her Met Opera debut Nov. 19, 1921, in the U.S. premiere of Erich Korngold’s Die Tote Stadt.

Czech soprano Maria Jeritza made her Metropolitan Opera debut Nov. 19, 1921, in the United States premiere of Erich Korngold’s Die tote Stadt; Maria Jeritza as Die tote Stadt’s Marietta/Marie with American operatic tenor Orville Harrold (Nov. 17, 1877-Oct. 23, 1933) as Paul; Bain News Service; George Grantham Bain Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division: No known restrictions on publication, via Library of Congress

Czech soprano Maria Jeritza, who died July 10, 1982, had her Met Opera debut Nov. 19, 1921, in the United States premiere of Die Tote Stadt by Austrian-born composer Erich Korngold (May 29, 1897-Nov. 29, 1957).

Die Tote Stadt’s first premiere took place Dec. 4, 1920, as two simultaneous premieres in Germany at Cologne Opera and at Hamburg State Opera. Maria Jeritza performed as Juliette, a dancer, in Die Tote Stadt’s premiere at Hamburg State Opera.

Maria Jeritza sang the principal dual roles of Marietta/Marie for her Metropolitan Opera debut. Die Tote Stadt received eight performances during the 1921-1922 Met Opera season.

Including Die Tote Stadt, Maria Jeritza performed in five operas during the 1921-1922 Met Opera season. She sang the title role in the opera house’s staging of Tosca by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924). The season’s first performance of Tosca took place Dec. 1, 1921, 12 days after Maria’s Met Opera debut.

She sang the principal role of Santuzza in Cavalleria Rusticana by Italian composer Pietro Mascagni (Dec. 7, 1863-Aug. 2, 1945). The season’s first performance of Cavalleria Rusticana happened Dec. 10, 1921, nine days after Tosca’s season premiere.

Maria Jeritza performed as Sieglinde in the 1921-1922 Met Opera season’s staging of Die Walküre by German composer and librettist Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813-Feb. 13, 1883). The season’s first performance took place Dec. 16, 1921, six days after the season’s first performance of Cavalleria Rusticana.

She performed as Elsa in Wagner’s Lohengrin. The season’s first performance, Dec. 27, 1921, took place at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia, southeastern Pennsylvania.

Maria Jeritza reprised her debut role for the following season at the Metropolitan Opera. The 1922-1923 Met Opera season featured four performances of Die Tote Stadt. Met Opera has not staged Die Tote Stadt since the 1922-1923 season’s final performance, Feb. 26, 1923.

Including Die Tote Stadt, Maria Jeritza performed in six operas during the 1922-1923 Met Opera season. She also reprised three of her debut season’s roles as Cavalleria Rusticana’s Santuzza, Die Walküre’s Sieglinde and Tosca. She performed as Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier by late Romantic-early modern composer Richard Strauss (June 11, 1864-Sept. 8, 1949) and in the title role of Met Opera’s new production of Thaïs by French Romantic Era composer Jules Massenet (May 12, 1842-Aug. 13, 1912).

David Salazar, OperaWire’s creator and editor-in-chief, notes that Maria Jeritza holds the record for most appearances as Thaïs at the Metropolitan Opera. Her first of 20 performances in the title role happened Dec. 14, 1922. On Jan. 13, 1926, she gave her last Met Opera performance as Thaïs.

During her decade-long association with the Metropolitan Opera, Maria Jeritza sang the title role in the United States premiere of another Korngold opera at the opera house. Met Opera hosted the United States premiere of Violanta on Nov. 5, 1927. Violanta received five performances during the 1927-1928 Met Opera season but the opera house has not performed Violanta since then.

Maria Jeritza’s last role at the Metropolitan Opera was as Elizabeth in the 1931-1932 season’s production of Wagner’s Tannhäuser. She gave her final performance as Elisabeth on Feb. 12, 1932.

She gave a special last performance 19 years later, on Feb. 22, 1951, in a Benefit for the Metropolitan Opera Fund. Maria Jeritza sang Rosalinde in an English language version of Die Fledermaus by Austrian light music composer Johann Strauss II (Oct. 25, 1925-June 3, 1899).

Maria Jeritza was born Thursday, Oct. 6, 1887, in Brünn, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Brno, Czech Republic). Maria’s birth name was Marie Marcellina Jedlitzková, according to British onomastician (proper name specialist) and toponymist (place name specialist) Adrian Room (Sept. 27, 1933-Nov. 6, 2010). AllMusic biographer Erik Eriksson credits Brünn Musikschule and voice professor Sigmund Auspitzer (Nov. 17, 1861-disappeared after Oct. 15, 1942, in Treblinka, Poland) with Maria Jeritza’s musical training.

Maria Jeritza made her operatic debut Feb. 9, 1905 as Elsa in Richard Wagner’s Lohengrin. Her debut took place at Olomouc Theatre, Olomouc, Moravia, eastern Czech Republic.

The Czech soprano passed away Saturday, July 10, 1982, in St. Mary’s Hospital in Orange, Essex County, northeastern New Jersey. She was buried in the family plot of her fourth husband, New Jersey businessman Irving Peter Seery (May 24, 1890-1966) at Holy Cross Cemetery in North Arlington, Bergen County, northeastern New Jersey.

The takeaway for Maria Jeritza, who died July 10, 1982, is that the Czech soprano had her Met Opera debut Nov. 19, 1921, in the United States premiere of Die Tote Stadt by Austrian-born composer Erich Korngold.

Czech soprano Maria Jeritza in one of her Met Opera signature roles, as Massenet’s Thaïs; costume by Austrian-American costume designer Gretel Urban (Jan. 7, 1898-Dec. 6, 1997); set design by Gretel's father, Joseph Urban (May 26, 1872-July 10, 1933): The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook Nov. 2, 2017

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Czech soprano Maria Jeritza made her Metropolitan Opera debut Nov. 19, 1921, in the United States premiere of Erich Korngold’s Die tote Stadt; Maria Jeritza as Die tote Stadt’s Marietta/Marie with American operatic tenor Orville Harrold (Nov. 17, 1877-Oct. 23, 1933) as Paul; Bain News Service; George Grantham Bain Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division: No known restrictions on publication, via Library of Congress @ http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2014713688/

Czech soprano Maria Jeritza in one of her Met Opera signature roles, as Massenet’s Thaïs; costume by Austrian-American costume designer Gretel Urban (Jan. 7, 1898-Dec. 6, 1997); set design by Gretel's father, Joseph Urban (May 26, 1872-July 10, 1933): The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera, via Facebook Nov. 2, 2017, @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532/10159661265620533/

For further information:

“Debuts: Maria Jeritza, George Meader.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 79050 United States Premier Die Tote Stadt {1} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/19/1921.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=79050

Eriksson, Erik. “Maria Jeritza.” AllMusic > Artist.
Available @ https://www.allmusic.com/artist/maria-jeritza-mn0002180952

Fetthauer, Sophie. “Biographical Dictionary of Persecuted Musicians 1933-1945.” The Orel Foundation > Articles & Essays. July 2009.
Available @ http://orelfoundation.org/journal/journalArticle/biographical_dictionary_of_persecuted_musicians_19330451945

Kopecký, Jiří; and Lenka Křupková. Provincial Theater and Its Opera: German Opera Scene in Olomouc (1770-1920). Translated by Eva Černínová and Viktor Heumann. Konvikt, vol. 1. Olomouc, Czech Republic: Palacký University, 2015.

Marriner, Derdriu. "Born June 11, 1864, Richard Strauss Dedicated Last Work to Maria Jeritza." Earth and Space News. Monday, June 10, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/born-june-11-1864-richard-strauss.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Joseph Urban Designed Sets for 14 U.S. Premieres at Met Opera.” Earth and Space News. Monday, July 23, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/joseph-urban-designed-sets-for-14-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Maria Jeritza Sang Title Role in U.S. Turandot Premiere at Met Opera.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Aug. 6, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/maria-jeritza-sang-title-role-in-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Thaïs Is Jan. 20, 2018, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Jan. 15, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/thais-is-jan-20-2018-met-opera-saturday.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Violanta and Die Tote Stadt Composer Erich Korngold Was Born May 29, 1897.” Earth and Space News. Monday, May 27, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/hansel-und-gretel-is-dec-24-2016.html

The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. “Maria Jeritza gave 20 performances as Thaïs, the most in the company’s history, between 1922 and 1926. . . .” Facebook. Nov. 2, 2017.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532/10159661265620533/

Mustermann, Adam; and Eva Musterfrau. “Sigmund Auspitzer.” In: Claudia Maurer Zenck, Peter Petersen and Sophie Fetthauer, eds., Lexicon of Persecuted Musicians of the Nazi Era. 2008; updated July 27, 2017.
Available via University of Hamburg Musicological Institute @ https://www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/object/lexm_lexmperson_00002843

Room, Adrian. Dictionary of Pseudonyms: 13,000 Assumed Names and Their Origins. Fifth edition. Jefferson NC: McFarland & Company Inc., 2010.

Salazar, David. “Metropolitan Opera 2017-18 Preview: A Look at the 6 ‘Thaïs’ Interpreters in Met History.” OperaWire. Jan. 2, 2019.
Available @ http://operawire.com/metropolitan-opera-2017-18-preview-a-look-at-the-6-thais-interpreters-in-met-history/

Scott, Paul. Die Tote Stadt (The Dead City): Opera in Three Acts Founded on G. Rodenbach’s “Das Trugbild.” English version for R.H. Elkin. Music by Erich Wolfgang Korngold. Mainz, Germany: B. Scott’s Sohne, 1920 (German version), 1921 (English version).
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/dietotestadtdead00korn

“United States Premiere: Die Tote Stadt.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 79050 United States Premiere Die Tote Stadt {1} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/19/1921.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=79050

“United States Premiere: Violanta.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 97060 United States Premiere (Violanta) New Production (Hänsel und Gretel) Violanta {1} Hänsel und Gretel {93} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/5/1927.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=97060

Puerto Rican Flycatchers: Puerto Rico Constitution and Five-One Icons

Summary: Puerto Rican flycatchers aid ecosystem balance as family-oriented, pest-catching Puerto Rico Constitution month July 2019 and Puerto Rico Five-One icons.

Puerto Rican flycatcher (Myiarchus antillarum); Municipio de Río Grande (Río Grande municipality), northeastern Puerto Rico; Saturday, Jan. 29, 2011, 07:04: Mike's Birds from Riverside, CA, US, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons

Puerto Rican flycatchers allow environment- and family-friendly first impressions for Commonwealth tourists as Puerto Rico Constitution month July 2019 and Puerto Rico Five-One statehood icons, one-brood annual parents and organic pest-controlling managers.

Puerto Rican flycatchers, the Commonwealth's only Tyrannidae (from Greek τύραννος, "absolute ruler" and -ειδής, "-like") member, belong to the largest bird family in the New World. Darren P. Soto, United States Democratic Representative from Florida's 9th district, conveyed the proposed Puerto Rico Admissions Act March 28, 2019, to the current, 116th Congress. The Puerto Rico Five-One statehood bill, if deemed favorably by the 116th Congress and the 45th president, demands condition-free admission within 90 days of presidential approval.

Puerto Rican flycatchers, if effective Puerto Rico Five-One emblems by Puerto Rico Constitution Day, July 25, 2019, enrich United States wildlife as hard-working Puerto Rico-exclusive pest-controllers.

The Passeriformes (from Latin passer, "sparrow" and -formis, "shaped") order member fits the months from February through July into five-plus-year life cycles for annual breeding seasons.

Physically and sexually mature female woodpeckers gestate one three- to six-egg seasonal brood for nests they get together in natural cavities, nest boxes and woodpecker holes. They hone woven nests within pre-existing cavities and holes at two- to 70-foot (0.61- to 21.34-meter) heights above tree bases within their 5,752.92-square-mile (14,900-square-kilometer) territorial range. Cup-like nests within built or natural holes involve feather-, grass-, hair- and rootlet-lined, bark-, feather-, fur-, grass-, hair-, leaf-, needle-, rootlet-, stalk-, stem- and twig-integrated installations.

Female Puerto Rico Constitution and Puerto Rico Five-One statehood icons juggle 0.82- to 0.84-inch- (20.79- to 21.25-millimeter-) long, 0.62- to 0.63-inch- (15.82- to 16.04-millimeter-) broad eggs.

Puerto Rican flycatcher mothers-to-be keep brown-blotched, speckled, spotted and streaked, semi-glossy, smooth creamy white to yellow eggs, with gray-violet crowns, incubated for 13 to 15 days.

Puerto Rican flycatchers look blind, cream- to yellow-gaped, gray-legged, gray-pink-skinned, helpless, naked and orange-mouthed as hatchlings; downy-gray within days; and feathered as 15- to 16-day-old fledglings. Immature females and males manifest black bills, feet and legs; olive-brown crowns; gray cheeks, throats and underparts; white-yellow bellies and undertail coverts; and red-tipped wing coverts. Myiarchus antillarum (from Greek μυια, "fly" and ἀρχός, "ruler" and Latin antillārum, "Antillean"), noted by Henry Bryant (May 12, 1820-Feb. 2, 1867), nets insect-catching, wide bills.

Physically and sexually mature female and male Puerto Rico Constitution anniversary month and Puerto Rico Five-One icons observe brown irises and black bills, feet and legs.

Adults possess olive-brown crests; gray cheeks, chins, throats and underparts; brown backs and tails; buff- or no-barred wings; and white-yellow bellies and undertail and underwing coverts.

Mature Puerto Rican flycatchers queue up respectively female lower-ranging and male upper-ranging 0.78- to 0.88-ounce (22- to 25-gram), 6.3- to 9-inch (16- to 23-centimeter) beak-tail lengths. Berry-consuming, seed-eating Puerto Rican flycatchers realize acrobatic, direct, hovering, rapid sallies after bees, caterpillars, dragonflies, flies, frogs, lizards, snails, wasps and weevils and whistled juí songs. Fragmented, reduced forested, mangrove, scrub and wooded habitats and predatory shiny cowbirds in citrus groves and coffee plantations stress them at sea-level through 3,116.8-foot (950-meter) altitudes.

Puerto Rican flycatchers, as copetones puertorriqueños and Puerto Rico Constitution and Puerto Rico Five-One icons, tidy wooded habitats for, and train nestlings during, revenue-yearly tourist seasons.

Puerto Rican flycatcher (Myiarchus antillarum) by Gloria Archilla Photography; Pabellón Area Recreativa Tortuguero, Municipio Autónomo de Vega Baja (Vega Baja municipality), coastal north central Puerto Rico; June 1, 2019: SOPI Sociedad Ornitológica Puertorriqueña @sociedadornitologicapuertorriquena, via Facebook June 3, 2019

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Puerto Rican flycatcher (Myiarchus antillarum); Municipio de Río Grande (Río Grande municipality), coastal northeastern Puerto Rico; Saturday, Jan. 29, 2011, 07:04: Mike's Birds from Riverside, CA, US, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puerto_Rican_Flycatcher_(5399242634).jpg

Puerto Rican flycatcher (Myiarchus antillarum) by Gloria Archilla Photography; Pabellón Area Recreativa Tortuguero, Municipio Autónomo de Vega Baja (Vega Baja municipality), coastal north central Puerto Rico; June 1, 2019: SOPI Sociedad Ornitológica Puertorriqueña @sociedadornitologicapuertorriquena, via Facebook June 3, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/sociedadornitologicapuertorriquena/posts/2332320313678701

For further information:

Baicich, Paul J.; and Colin J.O. Harrison. 2005. Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds. Princeton NJ; and Oxford, England, UK: Princeton University Press, Princeton Field Guides. Second edition.

BirdLife International 2016. "Myiarchus antillarum." The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22700455A93777376. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22700455A93777376.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22700455/93777376

Bouglouan, Nicole. "Puerto Rican Flycatcher Myiarchus antillarum." Oiseaux-Birds > ID's Cards.
Available @ http://www.oiseaux-birds.com/card-puerto-rican-flycatcher.html

Bryant, Henry. 3 January 1866. "Tyrannus. Myiarchus. Tyrannus antillarum." Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 10: 249-250. Vol. X. 1864-1866. New York NY: William Wood & Co.; and London, England: Trübner & Co., 1866.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9492231

Cox, W. A. 2010. "Puerto Rican Flycatcher (Myiarchus antillarum)." Version 1.0. In: Neotropical Birds Online (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Ithaca NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. https://doi.org/10.2173/nb.purfly1.01.
Available @ https://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/Species-Account/nb/species/purfly1/overview

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 June 2019. "Elfin-Woods Warblers: Caribbean American, Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/elfin-woods-warblers-caribbean-american.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2019. "Adelaide's Warblers: Caribbean American and Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/adelaides-warblers-caribbean-american.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 June 2019. "Puerto Rican Woodpeckers: Caribbean American, Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/puerto-rican-woodpeckers-caribbean.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 June 2019. "Puerto Rican Bullfinches: Caribbean American, Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/puerto-rican-bullfinches-caribbean.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 May 2019. "Puerto Rican Rain Gardens: American Wetlands and Puerto Rico Five-One." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/puerto-rican-rain-gardens-american.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 May 2019. "Stripe-Headed Tanagers: Fitness Month 2019, Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/stripe-headed-tanagers-fitness-month.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2019. "Puerto Rican Parrots, Fitness Month 2019 and Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/puerto-rican-parrots-fitness-month-2019.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 April 2019. "Puerto Rican Todies, Earth Month 2019 and Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/puerto-rican-todies-earth-month-2019.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 April 2019. "Puerto Rican Nightjars: Earth Month 2019, Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/puerto-rican-nightjars-earth-month-2019.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2019. "Puerto Rican Screech-Owls Earth Month 2019, Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/puerto-rican-screech-owls-earth-month.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 April 2019. "Earth Month, Puerto Rican Green Mango Hummingbirds and Sea Hibiscus." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/earth-month-puerto-rican-green-mango.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 March 2019. "Puerto Rican Emerald Hummingbirds and Puerto Rican Statehood." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/puerto-rican-emerald-hummingbirds-and.html

Mowbray, Alan. "Puerto Rican Flycatcher." United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service > Find a Forest or Grassland > Select a State > Puerto Rico > Select a Forest or Grassland > El Yunque National Forest > Learning Center > Nature & Science > Comprehensive Wildlife Lists > Comprehensive Wildlife Facts List by Type/Year in Alphabetical Order > Birds.
Available @ https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/elyunque/learning/nature-science/?cid=fsbdev3_043035

Raffaele, Herbert A. 1989. A Guide to the Birds of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands: Revised Edition. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.

Schuyler, Tamara. "Tyrant Flycatchers (Tyrannidae)." In: Michael Hutchins, Jerome A. Jackson, Walter J. Bock and Donna Olendorf, editors. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Second edition. Volume 10, Birds III: 269-275. Farmington Hills MI: Gale Group, 2002.

Vuilleumier, François, editor-in-chief; and Paul Sweet, consultant. 2016. American Museum of Natural History Birds of North America. Revised edition. New York NY: DK Publishing.