Earth and Space News

Wednesday, June 26, 2019

Total Solar Eclipse July 2 Is Second of Three 2019 Solar Eclipses

Summary: The total solar eclipse July 2 is the second of three 2019 solar eclipses and, as 2019’s only total solar eclipse, favors the Southern Hemisphere.

details of Tuesday, July 2, 2019, total solar eclipse: "Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment, Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA GSFC Emeritus," via NASA Eclipse Web Site

The total solar eclipse July 2 is the second of three 2019 solar eclipses, numbers as the third of the year’s lineup of five eclipses and, as 2019’s only total solar eclipse, favors the Southern Hemisphere.

July’s solar eclipse is a Southern Hemisphere event. The year’s only total solar eclipse particularly favors the South Pacific Ocean and parts of Argentina and Chile in southern South America. On his EclipseWise website, retired NASA astrophysicist Fred Espenak describes the eclipse’s path of totality, in which the moon totally obscures the sun, as confined to “a narrow corridor that traverses the Pacific Ocean and southern South America.”

The path of partiality, in which the moon partially obscures the sun, is much wider than the path of totality. The path of partiality takes in most of South America and expands to southern Central America. The partiality visibility region stretches through the lower latitudes of the South Pacific Ocean, across the equator and into lower latitudes of the North Pacific Ocean.

First contact between Earth’s surface and the lighter, outer region of the moon’s shadow, known as the penumbra, signals the start of the July 2019 total solar eclipse. First contact takes place Tuesday, July 2, at 16:55:13.3 (UT1).

Greatest eclipse defines the instant of closest passage by the axis of the lunar shadow cone to Earth’s center. The July 2, 2019, total solar eclipse’s greatest eclipse happens at 19:22:57.9 UT1. Fred Espenak places the geographic coordinates at the instant of greatest eclipse at 17 degrees 23.3 minutes south latitude, 108 degrees 59.9 minutes west longitude. He identifies the location as about 1,080 kilometers (about 671 miles) north of the Republic of Chile’s Easter Island (Rapa Nui: Rapa Nui; Spanish: Isla de Pascua) in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. The path width measures 200.6 kilometers (124.647 miles).

The July 2 total solar eclipse ends with last contact between Earth’s surface and the lunar penumbra. Last penumbral contact occurs at 21:50:38.5 UT1.

The traversal of the central axis of the lunar shadow cone across Earth’s surface identifies the central line of the eclipse. The eclipse’s central path comprises the central line and the northern and southern limits that span outward from the central line. Total phase visibility is only available within the central path.

The central path begins at 18:02 UT1 in the South Pacific Ocean. EclipseWise places the beginning point about 1,900 kilometers (about 1,180.6 miles) east of New Zealand’s North Island.

First landfall of the moon’s umbra (lunar shadow’s darker, inner region) happens at 18:24 UT1 at the remote coral atoll of Oeno Island in the Pitcairn Islands. The duration is 2 minutes 53 seconds. The solar altitude measures 32 degrees.

EclipseWise notes that, with the exception of Oeno Island, the path of totality tracks across over 9,500 kilometers (over 5,903 miles) of open ocean. Mainland landfall happens over two hours later, at 20:39 UT1. The path of totality makes contact with South America along the coast of Chile, 50 kilometers (31 miles) north of La Serena, the capital of Chile’s Coquimbo region.

At landfall, the central line has a duration of 2 minutes 36 seconds. The central path’s width measures 145 kilometers (90 miles). The solar altitude reaches 14 degrees. La Serena’s location within the central path allows for a totality experience of 2 minutes 17 seconds.

The lunar shadow’s southeastern trajectory touches northern Chile’s Elqui Valley and the Andean foothills. The lunar shadow traverses the Andes to reach Argentina. EclipseWise notes the umbra’s rapidly increased speed during the track’s last segment. The solar altitude drops below 10 degrees, and the umbra races across 1,300 kilometers (807.78 miles) in three minutes. The shadow’s speed across Argentina averages 26,000 kilometers per hour (16,000 miles per hour).

Before its end, the central path’s northern edge lies only 30 kilometers south of the center of the Argentinian capital of Buenos Aires. The solar altitude dips to one degree above the horizon, and totality lasts for two minutes.

The umbral liftoff from Earth’s surface happens at 20:43 UT1. EclipseWise details the umbra’s 2 hour 41 minute trajectory at an approximate length of 11,200 kilometers (6,959.35 miles), equating to 0.36 percent coverage of Earth’s surface.

The takeaway for the total solar eclipse July 2, 2019, is that the mid-year solar eclipse’s path of totality extensively favors the open South Pacific Ocean and makes continental contact with Chile and Argentina before ending southeast of Buenos Aires.

animation of total solar eclipse July 2, 2019: A.T. Sinclair/NASA, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

animation of total solar eclipse July 2, 2019: A.T. Sinclair/NASA, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SE2019Jul02T.gif

For further information:

Espenak, Fred. “Glossary of Solar Eclipse Terms.” NASA Eclipse Web Site > Solar Eclipses.
Available via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEhelp/SEglossary.html

Espenak, Fred. “Key to Global Maps of Solar Eclipses.” EclipseWise > Solar Eclipses > Solar Eclipse Preview: 2018 Through 2030 > Key to Solar Eclipse Maps.
Available via EclipseWise @ http://www.eclipsewise.com/solar/SEhelp/SEpingkey.html

Espenak, Fred. “Total Solar Eclipse of 2019 Jul 02.” NASA Eclipse Web Site > Eclipses of the Sun > Decade Solar Eclipse Tables > 2011-2020.
Available via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEplot/SEplot2001/SE2019Jul02T.GIF

Espenak, Fred. “Total Solar Eclipse of July 02.” EclipseWise > Solar Eclipses > Recent and Upcoming Solar Eclipses > Eclipses During 2019.
Available via EclipseWise @ http://www.eclipsewise.com/oh/ec2019.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Partial Solar Eclipse Jan. 5-6 Is First of Three 2019 Solar Eclipses.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, January 2, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/partial-solar-eclipse-jan-5-6-is-first.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Total Lunar Eclipse Jan. 20-21 Is First of Two 2019 Lunar Eclipses.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Jan. 16, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/total-lunar-eclipse-jan-20-21-is-first.html

Monday, June 24, 2019

Gustave Charpentier, Born June 25, 1860, Composed Louise and Julien

Summary: French composer Gustave Charpentier, born June 25, 1860, composed Louise and Julien, his only operas, for premieres in 1900 and 1913, respectively.

Éden Santori performed as a danseuse (dancer) in the premiere of Gustave Charpentier’s Louise in Paris, France, on Feb. 2, 1900: Jennifer Kincheloe @jenkincheloe, via Twitter Aug. 24, 2016

French composer Gustave Charpentier, born June 25, 1860, composed Louise and Julien, for premieres in Paris in 1900 and in 1913, respectively, as his only two operas.

Charpentier began composing the score and writing the libretto for his first opera, Louise, in 1889 after winning the prestigious Prix de Rome in 1887. He recruited French Symbolist poet Saint-Pol-Roux, pseudonym of Paul-Pierre Roux (Jan. 15, 1861-Oct. 18, 1940), to finesse the original French libretto about a Parisian seamstress and her lover-artist, Julien.

Opéra-Comique premiered Louise Feb. 2, 1900, at the Salle Favart in Paris’ second arrondissement (le 2e arrondissement de Paris). French composer, conductor and pianist André Charles Prosper Messager (Dec. 30, 1853-Feb. 24, 1929) conducted Charpentier’s working class-themed opera. Opéra-Comique’s director, Albert Carré (June 22, 1852-Dec. 12, 1938), directed the production.

Charpentier composed his French libretto and score for Julien, ou La Vie du Poète (Julien, or The Poet’s Life) as a sequel to Louise. Julien premiered June 4, 1913, at Opéra-Comique.

The Metropolitan Opera’s launching of Julien preceded the opera house’s presentation of Louise. The opera house’s United States premiere of Julien took place Feb. 26, 1914. Italian operatic tenor Enrico Caruso (Feb. 25, 1873-Aug. 2, 1921) sang the title role. American soprano Geraldine Farrar (Feb. 28, 1882-March 11, 1967) sang Louise.

Giorgio Polacco conducted the orchestra. The production’s director was Jules Speck, the opera house’s stage manager for French and Italian operas from 1908 to 1917. French painter and stage designer Paul Paquereau (Jan. 17, 1871-March 2, 1956) was credited as set designer. Italian ballet master and choreographer Ettore Coppini made his Met Opera debut as the production’s choreographer.

Julien received five performances in the 1913-1914 season. The Metropolitan Opera has not staged Julien since the premiere season’s closing night, April 8, 1914.

Almost seven years after Julien’s U.S. premiere, the Metropolitan Opera premiere of Louise took place Jan. 15, 1921. American operatic soprano Geraldine Farrar (Feb. 28, 1882-March 11, 1967) sang the title role. American operatic tenor Orville Harrold (Nov. 17, 1877-Oct. 23, 1933) appeared as Louise’s lover-artist, Julien.

The opera house offered eight performances during the 1920-1921 season. French conductor and composer Albert Wolff (Jan. 19, 1884-Feb. 20, 1970) conducted the orchestra.

Viennese American stage manager Samuel Thewman (Feb. 27, 1872-March 22, 1940) directed the production. The Metropolitan Opera’s online archives note: “James Fox designed the sets for Act I and for Act II, Scene 2; Triangle Studio was responsible for the other scenes.” Triangle Studio shared costume design credits with Mathilde Castel-Bert.

The Metropolitan Opera revived Louise in the next Met Opera season, 1921-1922. Louise received six performances in its second season at Met Opera.

Geraldine Farrar reprised the title role for all six performances. Orville Harrold shared the role of Julien with Italian lyric-dramatic tenor Aureliano Pertile (Nov. 9, 1885-Jan. 11, 1952). Orville Harrold appeared in three performances (opening night, Nov. 21, 1921; Feb. 8, 1922; closing night, March 30, 1922). Aureliano Pertile sang Julien in three performances (Dec. 6 and Dec. 30, 1921; Jan. 17, 1922).

After the 1921-1922 season, Louise disappeared from Met Opera’s active repertoire for 7 years 11-plus months. Louise reappeared as a new production March 1, 1930. Spanish lyric soprano Lucrezia Bori (Dec. 24, 1887-May 14, 1960) sang the title role. French tenor Antonin Trantoul (Feb. 21, 1887-Aug. 31, 1966) sang Julien.

Louise received nine performances in the 1929-1930 season. Closing night was May 12, 1930. French cellist and conductor Louis Hasselmans (July 25, 1878-Dec. 27, 1957) appeared as conductor.

Viennese stage director Wilhelm von Wymetal Sr. (1862-Nov. 11, 1937) directed the new production. Austrian American costume and scenic designer Joseph Urban (May 26, 1872-July 10, 1933) was the production’s designer. Czech ballet master, choreographer and dancer Augustin “August” Berger (Aug. 11, 1861-June 1, 1945) was credited as the production’s choreographer.

The first revival of the 1929-1930 production occurred ten seasons later. The revived Louise received eight performances in the 1938-1939 Met Opera season.

After the first revival, Louise received five more revivals. Two consecutive revivals, in 1939-1940 and 1940-1941, succeeded the first revival. A fourth revival occurred with three performances in the 1942-1943 season. The fifth and sixth revivals occurred consecutively, in 1947-1948, with six performances, and in 1948-1949, with four performances.

Closing night, Feb. 5, 1949, in the 1948-1949 Met Opera season marked the last performance of Louise at the opera house. Closing night’s performance was the opera’s 52nd performance at the Metropolitan Opera.

Gustave Charpentier was born Monday, June 25, 1860, as a baker’s older son in Dieuze in northeastern France’s Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine region, renamed Jan. 1, 2016, as the Grand Est region. The Charpentiers relocated farther north, to Tourcoing, Hauts-de-France region, after the Treaty of Frankfurt, signed May 10, 1871, to end the Franco-Prussian War (July 19, 1870-Jan. 28, 1871).

Gustave and his brother, Victor (July 23, 1867-January 1938) displayed musical talents. Victor became a cellist and symphony conductor in Paris.

Charpentier’s musical talents induced the town council of Tourcoing to send him to the Paris Conservatory (Conservatoire de Paris) on an annual stipend. His teachers in Paris included French composer Jules Massenet (May 12, 1842-Aug. 13, 1912) and French composer Émile Pessard (May 29, 1843-Feb. 10, 1917).

In 1887 Charpentier won the prestigious Prix de Rome for his cantata, Didon. He dedicated Didon to Jules Massenet.

Gustave Charpentier passed away Saturday, Feb. 18, 1956, in Paris, almost four months before his 96th birthday. He was buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery (le cimetière du Père-Lachaise), the largest Parisian cemetery, located in the 20 arrondissement (20e arrondissement de Paris), on the Seine’s right bank (la rive droite de la Seine).

The takeaway for Gustave Charpentier, born June 25, 1860, is that the French composer’s only two operas reside in the Metropolitan Opera’s inactive repertoire, with his first opera, Louise, claiming 52 performances between 1921 and 1949, and its sequel, Julien, disappearing after only five performances in its United States premiere season, 1913-1914.

French composer Gustave Charpentier’s first opera, Louise, premiered in Paris in 1900 and at the Metropolitan Opera in 1921; Gustave Charpentier, ca. 1898, by Atelier Bary, Paris, France; released ca. 1900 by French mass-distribution retail business Félix Potin et Cie, as second edition of Collection Félix Potin-première série: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Éden Santori performed as a danseuse (dancer) in the premiere of Gustave Charpentier’s Louise in Paris, France, on Feb. 2, 1900: Jennifer Kincheloe @jenkincheloe, via Twitter Aug. 24, 2016, @ https://twitter.com/jenkincheloe/status/768466896693841920

French composer Gustave Charpentier’s first opera, Louise, premiered in Paris in 1900 and at the Metropolitan Opera in 1921; Gustave Charpentier, ca. 1898, by Atelier Bary / Ancienne photographie Benque, 33, rue Boissy d’Anglas, Paris, France; released ca. 1900 by French mass-distribution retail business Félix Potin et Cie, as second edition of Collection Félix Potin-première série: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CFP_Charpentier,_Gustave.jpg

For further information:

Arakelyan, Ashot. “Antonin Trantoul (Tenor) (Toulouse 1887 - Marseille 1966).” Forgotten Opera Singers. June 6, 2012.
Available @ http://forgottenoperasingers.blogspot.com/2012/06/antonin-trantoul-tenor-toulouse-1887.html

Briant, Théophile. Saint-Pol-Roux. Poètes d’Aujourd’hui, vol. 28. Paris, France: Pierre Séghers, 1952.

Charpentier, Gustave. Julien, ou La Vie du Poète: Poème Lyrique en un Prologue, Quatre Actes et Huit Tableaux. Paris, France: Max Eschig, 1913.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/julienoulaviedup00char/

Charpentier, Gustave. La Vie du Poète; Symphonie-Drame en Trois Actes et Quatre Tableaux. Paris, France: Choudens Fils, 1892.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/laviedupoetesymp00char/

Charpentier, Gustave. Louise, Roman Musical en Quatre Actes et Cinq Tableaux. Paris, France: Ménestrel, 1900.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/louiseromanmusic00char3

Delmas, Marc. Gustave Charpentier et le Lyrisme Français. Les Grands Musiciens par les Maîtres d’Aujourd’hui. Paris, France: Librairie Delagrave, 1931.

Dorris, George. “The Metropolitan Opera Ballet, Fresh Starts: Rosina Galli and the Ballets Russes, 1912-1917.” Dance Chronicle, vol. 35, issue 2 (2012): 173-207. Published online June 29, 2012.
Available via Taylor & Francis Online @ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01472526.2012.685013

Faulkner, Anne Shaw. What We Hear in Music. New revised edition. Camden NJ: Victor Talking Machine Company.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/whatwehearinmusi00ober_0/

Himonet, André. Louise de G. Charpentier: Étude Historiqe et Critique, Analyse Musicale. Les Chefs-d’Oeuvre de la Musique. Paris, France: Librairie Delaplane, 1922.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/louisedegcharpen00himo/

Italian Genealogical Group and German Genealogy Group. "Samuel Thewman in the New York, New York, U.S., Extracted Death Index, 1862-1948." Ancestry.com > New York, New York, U.S., Extracted Death Index, 1862-1948 [database online]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014.
Available via Ancestry @ https://search.ancestrylibrary.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=9131&h=4020416

Jennifer Kincheloe ‏ @jenkincheloe. “Santori in the headdress designed for the Dancing Muse in the opera Louise, by Gustave Charpentier, c 1900.” Twitter. Aug. 24, 2016.
Available @ https://twitter.com/jenkincheloe/status/768466896693841920

Marriner, Derdriu. “Joseph Urban Designed Sets for 10 Metropolitan Opera Premieres.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Aug. 13, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/joseph-urban-designed-sets-for-10.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Joseph Urban Designed Sets for 29 New Productions at Met Opera.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Aug. 20, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/joseph-urban-designed-sets-for-29-new.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Pelléas et Mélisande Is the Jan. 19, 2019, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Jan. 14, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/pelleas-et-melisande-is-jan-19-2019-met.html

Metropolitan Opera Premiere: Louise.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 76750 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Louise {1} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 01/15/1921.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=76750

“New Production: Louise.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 104670 New production Louise {15} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 03/1/1930.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=104670

Randel, Don Michael, ed. “Charpentier, Gustave.” The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music: 523. Cambridge MA; London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996.

“United States Premiere: Julien.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 56250 United States Premiere Julien {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/26/1914.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=56250

U.S. National Archives. "Samuel Thewman." Ancestry.com > New York, U.S., State and Federal Naturalization Records, 1794-1943 [database online]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013.
Available via Ancestry @ https://search.ancestrylibrary.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=2280&h=3980662

“Victor Charpentier (1867-1938).” Data BnF (Bibliothèque nationale de France).
Available @ https://data.bnf.fr/14846936/victor_charpentier/

Sunday, June 23, 2019

Elfin-Woods Warblers: Caribbean American, Puerto Rico Five-One Icons

Summary: American, Atlantic and Caribbean associations anchor elfin-woods warblers as Caribbean American heritage month June 2019 and Puerto Rico Five-One icons.

poster for reinita de bosque enano, elfin-woods warbler (Setophaga angelae), at 2012 Endangered Species Day in Puerto Rico, Maricao, western Cordillera Central, Puerto Rico; Thursday, May 17, 2012; photo of elfin-woods warbler by Mike Morel/USFWS; USFWS/Southeast (USFWS/Southeast), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Puerto Rico accommodations at altitudes always afflicted with Atlantic Ocean- and Caribbean Sea-affected weather and winds associate elfin-woods warblers with Caribbean American heritage month June 2019 and Puerto Rico Five-One statehood icons.

Elfin-woods warblers brave breezy dwarf forest stands of small-diameter, stunted, twisted woody plants with parrot, pewee, tanager, tody and warbler allies and predatory boas and hawks. Endangered Species Act status as threatened July 22, 2016, and the proposed Puerto Rico Admission Act March 28, 2019, communicate respective territorial benefits and statehood side-effects. Elfin-woods warblers historically dwell in 16.4-foot (5-meter) small trees in conifer-dominated Carite and Toro Negro Commonwealth and El Yunque National Forests and podocarp-dominated Maricao Commonwealth Forest.

Between Hurricanes Hugo (Sept. 10, 1989-Sept. 25, 1989), and Maria (Sept. 16, 2017-Oct. 2, 2017), elfin-woods warblers perhaps endure in one to two of four homelands.

Physically and sexually mature elfin-woods warblers annually fit breeding season months between March and June and parenting months between May and August into 3.6-year life cycles.

Physically and sexually mature elfin-woods warblers annually gestate one two- to three-egg seasonal brood for nests at 4.26- to 24.93-foot (1.3- to 7.6-meter) heights above ground-level. Branches and vines near leaf-littered trunks, cavities and stumps of leatherwood (Cyrilla racemiflora) trees and yellow rope orchids (Bulbophyllum wadsworthii) hold cuplike elfin-woods warbler seasonal nests. Nests woven with black rootlets, dried leaves and tree-fern stems involve climbing bamboo (Chusquea abietifolia), Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus), snakewood (Cecropia peltata) and yellow rope orchids.

The Parulidae (from Latin parus, "chickadee" and -ula, "little" and Greek -ειδής, "-like") family member juggles brown-red-spotted white eggs into nest-lining down feathers and dried leaves.

Caribbean American heritage month June 2019 and Puerto Rico Five-One statehood icons keep together as extended families of monogamous couples within a total 463.32-square-mile (1,200-square-kilometer) area.

Immature elfin-woods warblers look downy-backed, headed, thighed and winged as hatchlings; sighted as three- to five-day-olds; feathered as six- to eight-day-olds; and gray-green-yellow as 10-plus-day fledglings. Immature warblers maintain gray-green backs and green-yellow heads and underparts until physical and sexual maturity manifests black cheeks and crowns, black-streaked underparts and white-marked black upperparts. Elfin-woods warblers, named Setophaga angelae (from Greek σής, "moth" and φάγος, "glutton" and Latin angelæ, "of Angela [Kepler]"), net black-gray long bills and rounded, short wings.

Elfin-woods warblers, observed by Cameron and Angela Kepler in 1968 and scientifically by Cameron Kepler and Kenneth Parkes in 1972, offer blue-gray legs and gray-yellow footpads.

Physically and sexually mature elfin-woods warblers possess black-brown irises, incomplete white eyerings, white eyestripes, white-patched ears and necks and outer tail feathers with two white spots.

Mature 0.26- to 0.31-ounce (7.5- to 8.7-gram), 4.92- to 5.32-inch- (12.5- to 13.5-centimeter-) long elfin-woods warblers queue up between 557.74- and 3,379.26-foot (170- and 1,030-meter) altitudes. They realize high- to low-pitched songs and Peet! calls and glean, probe and sally-hover forages at 10- to 50-foot (3.05- to 15.24-meter) heights above tree bases. Introduced mongooses and rats and native boas, broad-winged and sharp-shinned hawks and pearly-eyed thrashers stress elfin-woods warblers and Puerto Rican parrots, pewees, tanagers, todies and warblers.

Fifteen- to 16-year-old counts tally elfin-woods warblers, Caribbean American and Puerto Rico Five-One icons and reinitas de bosque enano ("[the] dwarf forest's little queens"), at 1,830.

juvenile elfin-woods warbler (Setophaga angelae) at Maricao, western Cordillera Central, Puerto Rico; photo by Mike Morel/USFWS; June 7, 2009: USFWS/Southeast (USFWS/Southeast), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

juvenile elfin-woods warbler (Setophaga angelae) at Maricao, western Cordillera Central, Puerto Rico; photo by Mike Morel/USFWS; Sunday, June 7, 2009: USFWS/Southeast (USFWS/Southeast), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/usfwssoutheast/5840441378/

For further information:

Baicich, Paul J.; and Colin J.O. Harrison. 2005. Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds. Princeton NJ; and Oxford, England, UK: Princeton University Press, Princeton Field Guides. Second edition.

BirdLife International 2017. "Setophaga angelae." The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22721749A118919769. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22721749A118919769.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22721749/118919769

Delannoy-Juliá, C. A. 2009. "Elfin-woods Warbler (Setophaga angelae)." Version 1.0. In: Neotropical Birds Online (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Ithaca NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. https://doi.org/10.2173/nb.elwwar1.01.
Available @ https://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/Species-Account/nb/p_p_spp/overview?p_p_spp=569996

"Elfin-woods Warbler Setophaga angelae." US Fish & Wildlife Service > Southeast Region > Puerto Rico > Species Profiles > Birds > Southeastern Birds.
Available @ https://www.fws.gov/southeast/wildlife/birds/elfin-woods-warbler/

Kepler, Cameron B.; and Parkes, Kenneth C. 1 January 1972. "A New Species of Warbler (Parulidae) from Puerto Rico." The Auk: Ornithological Advances, vol. 89, issue 1: 1-18.
Available via Oxford University Press (OUP) Academic Journals @ https://academic.oup.com/auk/article-abstract/89/1/1/5209169
Available via SORA (Searchable Ornithological Research Archive) @ https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v089n01/p0001-p0018.pdf

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2019. "Adelaide's Warblers: Caribbean American and Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/adelaides-warblers-caribbean-american.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 June 2019. "Puerto Rican Woodpeckers: Caribbean American, Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/puerto-rican-woodpeckers-caribbean.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 June 2019. "Puerto Rican Bullfinches: Caribbean American, Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/puerto-rican-bullfinches-caribbean.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 May 2019. "Puerto Rican Rain Gardens: American Wetlands and Puerto Rico Five-One." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/puerto-rican-rain-gardens-american.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 May 2019. "Stripe-Headed Tanagers: Fitness Month 2019, Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/stripe-headed-tanagers-fitness-month.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2019. "Puerto Rican Parrots, Fitness Month 2019 and Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/puerto-rican-parrots-fitness-month-2019.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 April 2019. "Puerto Rican Todies, Earth Month 2019 and Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/puerto-rican-todies-earth-month-2019.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 April 2019. "Puerto Rican Nightjars: Earth Month 2019, Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/puerto-rican-nightjars-earth-month-2019.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2019. "Puerto Rican Screech-Owls Earth Month 2019, Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/puerto-rican-screech-owls-earth-month.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 April 2019. "Earth Month, Puerto Rican Green Mango Hummingbirds and Sea Hibiscus." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/earth-month-puerto-rican-green-mango.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 March 2019. "Puerto Rican Emerald Hummingbirds and Puerto Rican Statehood." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/puerto-rican-emerald-hummingbirds-and.html

Mertz, Leslie Ann. "New World Warblers (Parulidae)." In: Michael Hutchins, Jerome A. Jackson, Walter J. Bock and Donna Olendorf, editors. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Second edition. Volume 11, Birds IV: 285-291. Farmington Hills MI: Gale Group, 2002.

Raffaele, Herbert A. 1989. A Guide to the Birds of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands: Revised Edition. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.

Vuilleumier, François, editor-in-chief; and Paul Sweet, consultant. 2016. American Museum of Natural History Birds of North America. Revised edition. New York NY: DK Publishing.

Saturday, June 22, 2019

Elementary Angles Into the Woods Outside Brooklyn Bridge Park

Summary: A hog, a moonshiner and a runner amble into the woods on Elementary June 20, 2019, and, unlike Brooklyn Bridge Park animals and people, out in body bags.

Brooklyn Bridge Park is located in Brooklyn's Dumbo (Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass) neighborhood; view of Dumbo neighborhood, framed by Brooklyn Bridge (bottom right) and Manhattan bridge (center right), from the observatory at One World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan; Tuesday, April 19, 2016, 13:24: Benhodgson, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

The Elementary procedural drama television series episode Into the Woods June 20, 2019, angles in and out of forested areas far less agreeable than accessible, accommodating, activity-friendly, amenable, attractive Brooklyn Bridge Park.

Director Christine Moore and writer Jeffrey Paul King build the seventh season's fifth episode around 10-mile (16.09-kilometer) obstacle courses and trail runs over 3,000-acre (1,214.06-hectare) forests. The series' 146th episode overall considers what connects admissions employee Isabel Perez's, bootlegger Reginald Henderson's and pet hog Truffles's stabbing, shooting and poisoning deaths Wednesday morning. Gun buy-back programs from Season 6's 18th episode, The Visions of Norman P. Horowitz, Aug. 27, 2018, draw donations from eighth-richest American Odin Reichenbach (James Frain).

The billionaire owner-operator of Odker email, search and social media for 500 million users expects detective expertise in exposing efforts to kidnap his 16-year-old niece Abigail.

Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) finds Odin Reichenbach (from Old Norse Óðinn, "rage" and Old High German reihhen, "to reach" and bah, "brook") far from forthright.

Joan Watson (Lucy Liu) initially gauges professional interactions through Odker as giving Sherlock and her "the most extensive trove of private user data in the world." Perhaps Joan handles thinking about subsequent interactions through morning, stress-relieving jogs that never held Sherlock's interest in Season One's third episode, Child Predator, Oct. 18, 2012. The Holmes brownstone, purportedly at 42 Stanford Avenue but really at West 121st Street, Harlem, is in Brooklyn Heights, near environment- and exercise-friendly Brooklyn Bridge Park.

Eighty-five-acre (34.39-hectare) Brooklyn Bridge Park, from Pier 6 at Atlantic Avenue to Jay Street north of Manhattan Bridge, journeys into the woods and out again.

Birds, butterflies and ladybugs; compost; and humidity from 1.3-mile (2.09-kilometer) East River shorelines and from rainwater keep Brooklyn Bridge Park woods safely pest-controlled, fertilized and irrigated.

Perhaps jogging leads Joan past Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides), bald-cypress (Taxodium distichum), black cherry (Prunus serotina), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and chestnut oak (Quercus prinus). Perhaps Joan mulls English (Quercus robur), pin (Q. palustris), red (Q. rubra), scarlet (Q. coccinea) and swamp white (Q. bicolor) oaks and Chinese fringe-trees (Chionanthus retusus). Perhaps she navigates around coffee-trees (Gymnocladus dioicus), cucumber-trees (Magnolia acuminata), dawn redwoods (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), goldenraintrees (Koelreuteria paniculata), Japanese black (Pinus thunbergii) and white (P. parviflora) pines.

Perhaps Joan observes Brooklyn Bridge Park katsura-trees (Cercidiphyllum japonicum), lacebark pines (Pinus bungeana), little-leaf lindens (Tilia cordata) and northern (Catalpa speciosa) and southern (C. bignonioides) catalpas.

Perhaps Joan perceives sassafras (Sassafras albidum); southern (Magnolia grandiflora), sweetbay (M. virginiana) and Yulan (M. denudata) magnolias; and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) in Brooklyn Bridge Park woods.

Perhaps Joan's jogs quest magnolia (Magnolia x 'Elizabeth,' Magnolia x soulangeana) hybrids and quickens around Allegheny serviceberry (Amelanchier laevis) cultivated varieties (Amelanchier x grandiflora 'Autumn brilliance'). Perhaps cottonwood (Populus acuminata x sargentii 'Highland'), hawthorn (Crataegus viridis 'Winter King'), holly (Ilex opaca x cassine 'Greenleaf') and honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos 'Skyline') reinvigorate her. Perhaps she sees pagoda-tree (Sophora japonica 'Halka') and willow oak (Quercus phellos 'Hightower') cultivars and London plane (Platanus x acerifolia 'Bloodgood' and 'Columbia-multistem') hybrid cultivated varieties.

Jogging into Brooklyn Bridge Park woods, unlike adventure-race and Reichenbach digital woods, between 6 a.m. and 11 p.m. takes Joan safely back to the Holmes brownstone.

Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) in Elementary tv series' Into the Woods (season 7 episode 5): Elementary @ElementaryCBS, via Facebook June 20, 2019

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) in Elementary tv series' Into the Woods (season 7 episode 5): Elementary @ElementaryCBS, via Facebook June 20, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/photos/a.151627898295663/1562976993827406/

For further information:

"Brooklyn Bridge Park." NYC Parks > Parks.
Available @ https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/brooklyn-bridge-park

"Child Predator." Elementary: The First Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Oct. 18, 2012.

Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. 1892. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. London, England: George Newnes Ltd.

Elementary @ElementaryCBS. 20 June 2019. "Added a new photo." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/photos/a.151627898295663/1562976993827406/

"Into the Woods." Elementary: The Seventh Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, June 20, 2019.

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2019. "Are Joya de Cerén Descendants on Elementary's Red Light, Green Light?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/are-joya-de-ceren-descendants-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 June 2019. "Elementary's The Price of Admission Audits Antiquities, Not Teff Grass." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/elementarys-price-of-admission-audits.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 June 2019. "Was Banksy in New York City for Elementary Episode Gutshot?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/was-banksy-in-new-york-city-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 May 2019. "Black Lip Oysters, Black Pearls and Elementary's Further Adventures." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/black-lip-oysters-black-pearls-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 September 2018. “Mulberry Silkworms on Elementary's Whatever Remains, However Improbable.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/mulberry-silkworms-on-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 September 2018. “Elementary's Fit to be Tied: Free of Pink Slime and White Water Molds?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/elementarys-fit-to-be-tied-free-of-pink.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 September 2018. “Lion's Mane Jellyfishes and Elementary's The Geek Interpreter.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/lions-mane-jellyfishes-and-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2018. “Borrachero Trees in Elementary's The Visions of Norman P. Horowitz.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/borrachero-trees-in-elementarys-visions.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 August 2018. “Silk From Darwin's Bark Spiders on Elementary's The Worms Crawl In.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/silk-from-darwins-bark-spiders-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2018. “Chocolate from Cacao Trees on Elementary's Uncanny Valley of the Dolls.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/chocolate-from-cacao-trees-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 August 2018. “Guatemalan Sugarcane, Guatemalan Rum on Elementary's How to Get a Head.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/guatemalan-sugarcane-guatemalan-rum-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2018. “Kukicha Tea from Japan and Elementary Season Six's Through the Fog.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/kukicha-tea-from-japan-and-elementary.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 August 2018. “Northwest Italian Sweet White Wine Sciacchetrà on Elementary's Breathe.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/northwest-italian-sweet-white-wine.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 July 2018. “American Chestnut Trees for Elementary Season Six's Meet Your Maker.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/american-chestnut-trees-for-elementary.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2018. “Bird's-Eye Pipe Tobacco and Trichinopoly Cigars: Elementary's Long Way.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/birds-eye-pipe-tobacco-and-trichinopoly.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 July 2018. “Elementary's Adventure of Ersatz Sobekneferu: West African Crocodiles.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/elementarys-adventure-of-ersatz.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 July 2018. “Blue Wildebeests and Tarragon Tea on Elementary's Nobody Lives Forever.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/blue-wildebeests-and-tarragon-tea-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 June 2018. “Vermont Black Bears and Elementary's Sand Trap Episode June 18, 2018.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/vermont-black-bears-and-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2018. “Elementary Sober Companions, Amethysts and Agiorgitiko Red Wine Grapes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/elementary-sober-companions-amethysts.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 June 2018. “Elementary's Give Me the Finger: Not the Southeast Asian Fruit Durian.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/elementarys-give-me-finger-not.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 June 2018. “Elementary's Give Me the Finger: Floppy Disks Dinosaurs Like Grallator.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/elementarys-give-me-finger-floppy-disks.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 June 2018. “Bird Flu on Elementary's Bits and Pieces and Wild Red Junglefowl.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/bird-flu-on-elementarys-bits-and-pieces.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 May 2018. “Boxing Kangaroos and Elementary Season 6 Episode 4 Our Time Is Up.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/boxing-kangaroos-and-elementary-season.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 May 2018. “American Staffordshire Terrier and Elementary's Pushing Buttons.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/american-staffordshire-terrier-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 May 2018. “Cassowaries and Elementary's Pushing Buttons Episode May 14, 2018.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/cassowaries-and-elementarys-pushing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 May 2018. “Monoceros Unicorns: Puzzles Once You've Ruled Out God on Elementary.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/monoceros-unicorns-puzzles-once-youve.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2018. “Sumatran Tigers and Elementary's An Infinite Capacity for Taking Pains.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/sumatran-tigers-and-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 November 2016. “Green Tree Python Natural History Illustrations and Elementary.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/green-tree-python-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2016. “Eastern Poison Ivy Botanical Illustrations and Elementary's Henny Penny.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/eastern-poison-ivy-botanical.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 November 2016. “Galápagos Marine Iguana Natural History Illustrations and Elementary.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/galapagos-marine-iguana-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 October 2016. "China's Imperial Jade Heirloom Seal Worth Several Cities on Elementary." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/chinas-imperial-jade-heirloom-seal.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 May 2016. “Mopane Worm Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Invisible Hand.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/mopane-worm-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2016. “Johannes Vermeer Painting The Astronomer: Elementary's Invisible Hand.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/johannes-vermeer-painting-astronomer.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2016. “Shih Tzu Dog Breed and Elementary's Up to Heaven and Down to Hell.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/shih-tzu-dog-breed-and-elementarys-up.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2016. “Mushroom Botanical Illustrations and Elementary's A Study in Charlotte.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/mushroom-botanical-illustrations-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 November 2015. "Black-Capped Central American Squirrel Monkeys and Elementary Series." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/11/black-capped-central-american-squirrel.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 November 2015. “Tienchi-Flower Tea and Elementary's Evidence of Things Not Seen.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/11/tienchi-flower-tea-and-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 April 2015. "Smooth Cordgrass Announces Crime Scenes on Elementary's Under My Skin." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/smooth-cordgrass-announces-crime-scenes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 April 2015. “Pablo Picasso Painting Woman Reading on Elementary's A Stitch in Time.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/pablo-picasso-painting-woman-reading-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 February 2015. “Extinct Quagga Plains Zebra on Elementary's The Female of the Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/extinct-quagga-plains-zebra-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2015. “Elementary's Yellow Clivia and Yellow Clivia Botanical Illustrations.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/01/elementarys-yellow-clivia-and-yellow.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 December 2014. “Elementary's Nutmeg Concoction and Nutmeg Botanical Illustrations.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/elementarys-nutmeg-concoction-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 November 2014. “Elementary's Bird in Blue-Throated Macaw Natural History Illustrations.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/11/elementarys-bird-in-blue-throated-macaw.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 October 2014. “Bearded Dragon Natural History Illustrations: Not Elementary's Nemesis.” Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/bearded-dragon-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 May 2014. “Ficus Benjamina Botanical Illustrations and Elementary's Stunted Tree.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/05/ficus-benjamina-botanical-illustrations.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 February 2014. “Dimetrodon Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Dimetrodon.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/dimetrodon-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 January 2014. “Nanotyrannus Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Dead Clade Walking.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/01/nanotyrannus-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2013. “Fruit in Osage Orange Botanical Illustrations and Elementary Series.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/fruit-in-osage-orange-botanical.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 November 2013. “George Stubbs Painting The Godolphin Arabian and Elementary's Nutmeg.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/11/george-stubbs-painting-godolphin.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 November 2013. “John Wootton Painting The Darley Arabian and Elementary's Studhorse.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/11/john-wootton-painting-darley-arabian.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 November 2013. “John Wootton Painting The Byerley Turk and Elementary's Thoroughbreds.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/11/john-wootton-painting-byerley-turk-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 August 2013. “Turner Fighting Temeraire Painting in Elementary Series Episode The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/turner-fighting-temeraire-painting-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2013. “Paul Gauguin Painting Tahitian Women on the Beach in Elementary's The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/paul-gauguin-painting-tahitian-women-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2013. “Rubens Painting The Incredulity of St Thomas in Elementary's The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/rubens-painting-incredulity-of-st.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 May 2013. “Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Painting Rousse in Elementary Episode The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/henri-de-toulouse-lautrec-painting.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 May 2013. “The Bruegel Painted Parable in the Elementary Series Episode The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/the-bruegel-painted-parable-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 April 2013. "Black-Tailed Bee Flies Are Not Averse to Elementary's Dead Man's Switch." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/black-tailed-bee-flies-are-not-averse.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 April 2013. "White Darjeeling Tea Abates Broken Hearts on Elementary's Snow Angels." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/white-darjeeling-tea-abates-broken.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 March 2013. "Paganini 24 Caprices Affix Blame on Elementary's Déjà Vu All Over Again." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/03/paganini-24-caprices-affix-blame-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 February 2013. “Osmia Avosetta Natural History Illustrations for Elementary's Bee.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/osmia-avosetta-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2013. "New England Cottontails Perhaps Adapt to Hats on Elementary's Details." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/new-england-cottontails-perhaps-adapt.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 February 2013. "Bennu Herons Perhaps Avert Elementary's A Giant Gun Filled with Drugs." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/bennu-herons-perhaps-avert-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 February 2013. "Frankincense Tree Essential Oils Affirm Elementary's The Deductionist." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/frankincense-tree-essential-oils-affirm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 February 2013. “Russian Tortoise Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Clyde Jan. 31, 2013.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/russian-tortoise-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 January 2013. “Costliest, World-Most Expensive Chopard Watch: 201 Carats at $25 Million.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/costliest-world-most-expensive-chopard.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 January 2013. “Chopard Watch Worth $25 Million on Elementary Episode The Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/chopard-watch-worth-25-million-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 January 2013. "Are Red-Whiskered Bulbuls Smuggled from Vietnam on Elementary's M?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/are-red-whiskered-bulbuls-smuggled-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 January 2013. “Claude Monet Painting Nympheas 1918 in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/claude-monet-painting-nympheas-1918-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2013. "Are Snowdrop Flowers Why Yogurt Appears on Elementary's Dirty Laundry?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/are-snowdrop-flowers-why-yogurt-appears.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 January 2013. “Paul Cézanne Still Life Painting Fruit in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/paul-cezanne-still-life-painting-fruit.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 December 2012. “Paul Signac Painting Women at the Well in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/paul-signac-painting-women-at-well-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 December 2012. “The Van Gogh Pietà Painting in Elementary Series Episode The Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-van-gogh-pieta-painting-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2012. “Edward Hopper Painting Western Motel in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/edward-hopper-painting-western-motel-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 December 2012. "Barako Coffee Allays Ailments on Elementary's You Do It To Yourself." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/barako-coffee-allays-ailments-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 December 2012. "Liberian Coffee Perhaps Averts Addiction on Elementary's The Long Fuse." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/liberian-coffee-perhaps-averts.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2012. "Are Juices From Trifoliate Oranges on Elementary's One Way to Get Off?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/11/are-juices-from-trifoliate-oranges-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 November 2012. "Saltmeadow Cordgrass Adheres to a Body on Elementary's Flight Risk." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/11/saltmeadow-cordgrass-adheres-to-body-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 November 2012. "Anisakis Worms That Adulterate Sushi Are Not Elementary's Lesser Evils." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/11/anisakis-worms-that-adulterate-sushi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 October 2012. "Elementary's The Rat Race Accesses Vanilla Latte from Vanilla Orchids." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/elementarys-rat-race-accesses-vanilla.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 October 2012. "Why Are Lemon Presses for Lemons on Elementary's Child Predator?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/why-are-lemon-presses-for-lemons-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 October 2012. "Bach Chaconne Absorbs Anguish on Elementary's While You Were Sleeping." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/bach-chaconne-absorbs-anguish-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2012. "Are Lesser Clovers Sherlock's Lucky Shamrocks on Elementary's Pilot?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/09/are-lesser-clovers-sherlocks-lucky.html

"Plant List." Brooklyn Bridge Park > The Park > Gardens > Ecosystems > Plant Guides & Plant List > Full Plant List.
Available @ http://brooklynbridgepark.s3.amazonaws.com/s/908/Plant%20List.pdf

"The Visions of Norman P. Horowitz." Elementary: The Sixth Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Aug. 27, 2018.