Silk From Darwin's Bark Spiders on Elementary's The Worms Crawl In

Summary: Darwin's bark spiders are motives for animal and plant abuse, murder and theft on Elementary's The Worms Crawl In, the Worms Crawl Out Aug. 20, 2018.

Madagascar's Darwin's bark spiders (Caerostris darwini) produce silk that is over 10 times tougher than Kevlar; Wednesday, May 28, 2014, photo of male Darwin's bark spider (Caerostris darwini) by discoverer and describer Matjaž Kuntner: EOL Learning and Education Group, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Darwin's bark spiders from Madagascar are answers to crime scene motives, means and opportunities in the Elementary procedural drama series episode The Worms Crawl In, the Worms Crawl Out Aug. 20, 2018.

Director Jon Michael Hill and writers Robert Doherty, Jordan Rosenberg and Kelly Wheeler blend spider silk into silkworm bodies through gene-splicing in Season 6's 17th episode. The series' 137th episode overall considers among clues to globe-trotting, money-oriented, skirt-chasing, worm-hunting Dr. William Velnik's slashed carotid artery invertebrates, their industrial applications and their investigators. Aurora morpho and brush-footed butterflies; bonobo chimps; earthworms, flatworms, hookworms, inchworms, roundworms and velvet worms; and Formosan termites do not distract Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller).

Sherlock establishes cause-and-effect of root-knot roundworms that eat mulberry tree roots to ensure "jaundiced and brittle," not "green and plump" leaves that endanger transgenic silkworm sustainability.

Dead "tens of thousands of her silkworms" frustrate Dr. Sepi Chamanara's (Azita Ghanizada) splicing Darwin's bark spider genes into silkworms to spin "bulletproof spider silk" cocoons.

Dragonfly-consuming, mayfly-preying Darwin's bark spiders generate silky strands "ten times stronger than Kevlar" during cannibalistic life cycles where no drugs, no hormones, "nothing stops the killing." Confinement heralds cannibalism less among silkworms than among Darwin's bark spiders and "hundreds of thousands" of individual enclosures in football field-sized facilities at prohibitively high costs. Darwin's bark spiders, as Old World tropical orb-weavers, incline toward solitary spaciousness to install across lakes, rivers and streams the world's largest, longest, strongest known webs.

The Araneidae (from the Latin arānea, "spider") orb-weaving member of the Arachnida (from the Greek ἀράχνη, arákhnē, "spider") joint-legged invertebrate class juggles 82.02-plus-foot (25-plus-meter) long bridgelines.

The Madagascan endemic knows Toamasina Province distribution ranges in the 155-square-kilometer (59.85-square-foot) Andasibe-Mantadia National Park at 2,624.67- to 4,133.86-foot (800- to 1,260-meter) altitudes above sea level.

Darwin's bark spiders, listed in the official scientific literature by Smithsonian entomologists Matjaž Kuntner and Igni Agnarsson since 2010, load lots of world-strongest, world-toughest known silk. Air columns move multitudes of silk strands that Darwin's bark spiders mass-exit from spinnerets in their bodies' rear segments into one bank-to-bank bridgeline within 24 seconds. One- to 2-meter (3.28- to 6.56-foot) capture diameters need 900 square-centimeter- to 2.8-square-meter (0.9- to 30.14-square-foot) webs with three shore or stream vegetation-attached, T-like anchor lines.

Darwin's bark spiders observe 5- to 163-minute bridging; 6- to 43-minute anchoring, attaching, framing; 3- to 9-minute spoke-like line-building; and 22- to 64-minute sticky spiral-like line-constructing.

Darwin's bark spiders proliferate in montane rainforest clearing- and edge-bounded waterways in the 41,600-plus-hectare (16.06-plus-square-mile) Ranomafana National Park at 1,640.42- to 4,921.26-foot (500- to 1,500-meter) altitudes.

Black-bodied adult females queue up 1.4-inch (35-millimeter) first-leg and 0.7- to 0.9-inch (18- to 22-millimeter) body lengths and white-haired abdomens, appendages and fused heads and thoraxes. Red-brown adult males reveal 1.38-inch (35-millimeter) first-leg and 0.22- to 0.24-inch (5.7- to 6.1-millimeter) body lengths and white-haired abdomens, fused heads and thoraxes, and lower appendages. All Darwin's bark spiders, with the scientific name Caerostris darwini for naturalist Charles Robert Darwin (Feb. 12, 1809-April 19, 1882), sustain tree bark-like bumps and colors.

Sherlock thinks of investing in Darwin's bark spider-tailored tactical cloth three months short of the 159th anniversary of Darwin's The Origin of Species Nov. 24, 2018.

Marcus Bell (Jon Michael Hall) and Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) visit a lab with Darwin's bark spiders in glass cases in Elementary tv series' The Worms Crawl In (season 6 episode 19): CBS Elementary episode 6.17 promotional photo, via SpoilerTV Aug. 18, 2018

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Madagascar's Darwin's bark spiders (Caerostris darwini) produce silk that is over 10 times tougher than Kevlar; Wednesday, May 28, 2014, photo of male Darwin's bark spider (Caerostris darwini) by discoverer and describer Matjaž Kuntner: EOL Learning and Education Group: EOL Learning and Education Group, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/44919417@N04/14105641818/

Marcus Bell (Jon Michael Hall) and Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) visit a lab with Darwin's bark spiders in glass cases in Elementary tv series' The Worms Crawl In (season 6 episode 19): CBS Elementary episode 6.17 promotional photo, via SpoilerTV Aug. 18, 2018, @ https://www.spoilertv.com/2018/08/elementary-episode-617-worms-crawl-in.html

For further information:

Arnarsson, Ingi; Matjaž Kuntner; and Todd A. Blackledge. 2010. "Bioprospecting Finds the Toughest Biological Material: Extraordinary Silk from a Giant Riverine Orb Spider." PLoS One 5(9): e11234. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011234.
Available via PLOS @ http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0011234

Darwin, Charles. The Origin of Species: 150th Anniversary Edition. Penguin Reprint, 2003.

Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. London England: George Newnes Ltd., 1892.

Gregorič, Matjaž; Igni Agnarsson; Todd A. Blackledge; Matjaž Kuntner. 26 October 2011. "How Did the Spider Cross the River? Behavioral Adaptations for River-Bridging Webs in Caerostris darwini (Aranea: Araneidae)." PLoS ONE 6(10): e26847.
Available via PLOS @ http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0026847

Gregorič, Matjaž; Agnarrson, Ingi; Todd A. Blackledge; and Matjaž Kuntner. 27 October 2011. "Darwin's Bark Spider: Giant Prey in Giant Orb Webs (Caerostris darwini, Araneae: Araneidae)." Journal of Arachnology 39(2): 287-295.
Available via American Arachnological Society @ http://www.americanarachnology.org/JoA_free/JoA_v39_n2/arac-39-02-287.pdf

Gregorič, Matjaž; Klavdija Šuen; Ren-Chung Cheng; Simona Kralj-Fišer; and Matjaž Kuntner. 29 April 2016. "Spider Behaviors Include Oral Sexual Encounters." Scientific Reports 6(25128). DOI: 10.1038/srep25128
Available @ https://www.nature.com/articles/srep25128

Gregorič, Matjaž; Todd A. Blackledge; Ingi Agnarsson; and Matjaž Kuntner. 20 November 2015. "A Molecular Phylogeny of Bark Spiders Reveals New Species From Africa and Madagascar (Araneae: Araneidae: Caerostris)." Journal of Arachnology 43(3): 293-312.
Available via BioOne @ http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1636/0161-8202-43.3.293

Kuntner, Matjaž; and Ingi Agnarsson. 2010. "Web Gigantism in Darwin's Bark Spider, a New Species from Madagascar (Araneidae: Caerostris)." American Arachnological Society 38(2): 346-356. https://doi.org./10.1636/B09-113.1
Available @ http://www.theridiidae.com/uploads/6/6/8/0/6680387/kuntnerandagnarsson2010_joa_darwinsbarkspidersmall.pdf

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"The Worms Crawl In, the Worms Crawl Out." Elementary: The Sixth Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Aug. 20, 2018.

Liechtenstein Ducal Hat Mystery: Collateral Lines, Competing Heirs

Summary: The Liechtenstein ducal hat mystery arose during 70 years of a lack of consensus among competing heirs over the ducal headpiece and princely succession.

Vaduz's Liechtenstein National Museum holds the 1976 replica of Liechtenstein ducal hat, which was presented by people of Liechtenstein, to Prince Franz Joseph II (Aug. 16, 1906-Nov. 13, 1989) for his 70th birthday; Liechtensteinisches Landesmuseum (Liechtenstein National Museum), Vaduz, west central Liechtenstein; Sunday, June 1, 2014, 14:28: Gryffindor, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

The unsolved mystery of the Liechtenstein ducal hat appears no more solvable in 2018 than at its last witnessed showing Sep. 1, 1756, or first written admission of absence Aug. 18, 1791.

The bejeweled, velvet-topped headpiece bore gems from its princely and ducal commissioner's personal belongings in Prague and from its jeweler's commercial collection in Frankfurt am Main. It could be considered a personal conveyance of Karl I's direct descendants until confictive collateral lines concluded June 1, 1722, with the reigning first-born ruler's claims. No painter depicted the Liechtenstein ducal hat on or with its princely and ducal owners in the portraits displayed in principality-devoted museums and palaces or online.

One gouache from Sep. 1, 1756, and one replica from 1976 in Vaduz express the diamond, gold, pearl, ruby, velvet elaboration of the Herzogshut ("ducal hat").

The portrait of Karl I (July 30, 1569-Feb. 12, 1627), first prince of Liechtenstein and duke of Jägendorf and Troppau, furnishes nothing about the ducal hat.

The portrait gives Karl I a black hat in his left hand, a ring on his littlest ring finger and a sword on his left side. The portrait of Karl I's son and successor, Karl Eusebius (April 11, 1611-April 5, 1684), has a velvet headpiece with a red-and-white circlet on his left. It is not the Liechtenstein ducal hat and the paternal sword for which Karl Eusebius included a sword hilt in 1629 is not in the portrait.

Collateral conflicts jeopardized the Liechtenstein ducal hat's ownership upon the death of Karl Eusebius' only surviving son and successor, Hans-Adam I (Aug. 16, 1662-June 16, 1712.

The principality knew a crisis between collateral lines from Karl I's brother, Gundakar (Jan. 30, 1580-Aug. 5, 1658), lord of Ringelsdorf and Wilfersdorf in Lower Austria.

Hans-Adam I liked Gundakar's descendant, third cousin Philipp Erasmus's (Sep. 11, 1664-Jan. 15, 1704) son Josef Wenzel I (Aug. 9, 1696-Feb. 10, 1772), as his successor. The move misaligned a succession that meant to make Gundakar's other direct descendant, Hans-Adam I's other third cousin, Anton Florian (May 28, 1656-Oct. 11, 1721), ruler. Anton Florian, son Josef Johann Adam (May 25, 1690-Dec. 17, 1732) and grandson Johann Nepomuk Karl (July 6, 1724-Dec. 22, 1748) netted fifth through eighth princeships.

Josef Wenzel I obtained the fourth and eighth princeships, during the latter of which collateral conflicts concluded June 1, 1722, with eldest-born rulers owning the hat.

The reigns and the deaths of the princes of Liechtenstein typically prompted pre-mortem wills and post-mortem inventories and atypically provoked an inventory by the reigning prince.

Josef Wenzel I queued up the Liechtenstein ducal hat and other jewels for an illustrated inventory of the "complete jewelry belonging to the Princely Liechtenstein Primogeniture." Franz Joseph I's (Nov. 19, 1726-Aug. 18, 1781) inventory Feb. 10, 1772, revealed the Liechtenstein ducal hat removed from entailed collections without reflecting when or why. Luxarazzi suspects a reworked Liechtenstein ducal hat as "an unidentified piece of jewellery" sold to Habsburg Empress Maria-Theresa (May 13, 1717-Nov. 29, 1780) for 22,000 Gulden.

Who took the ducal sword, the Liechtenstein ducal hat and two "finger" rings out of the House of Liechtenstein's princely patrimony how, when, where and why?

1756 gouache illustration of Liechtenstein ducal hat (Herzogshut) is the only known depiction of Liechtenstein's crown jewels; the ducal hat's last-known possessor was Prince Franz Joseph I (Nov. 19, 1726-Aug. 18, 1781), whose reign began Feb. 10, 1772; Liechtenstein Museum in Vienna, eastern Austria, holds the 1756 gouache: Gryffindor, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Vaduz's Liechtenstein National Museum holds the 1976 replica of Liechtenstein ducal hat, which was presented by people of Liechtenstein, to Prince Franz Joseph II (Aug. 16, 1906-Nov. 13, 1989) for his 70th birthday; Liechtensteinisches Landesmuseum (Liechtenstein National Museum), Vaduz, west central Liechtenstein; Sunday, June 1, 2014, 14:28: Gryffindor, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Herzogshut_Liechtenstein_(1).JPG

1756 gouache illustration of Liechtenstein ducal hat (Herzogshut) is the only known depiction of Liechtenstein's crown jewels; the ducal hat's last-known possessor was Prince Franz Joseph I (Nov. 19, 1726-Aug. 18, 1781), whose reign began Feb. 10, 1772; Liechtenstein Museum in Vienna, eastern Austria, holds the 1756 gouache: Gryffindor, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Herzogshut_Liechtenstein_1756.jpg

For further information:

Dotson, Samuel C. 2003. Genealogie des Fürstlichen Hauses Liechtenstein Seit Hartmann II (1544-1585). Falköping Sweden: Rosvall Royal Books.

Kräftner, Johan; Isabel Kuhl eds. 2004. Liechtenstein Museum: The Princely Collections. Prestel Museum Guides. Munich, Germany; London, England; New York, NY: Prestel.

Liechtenstein: The Princely Collections. New York NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1986.
Available via Google Books @ https://books.google.com/books?id=A1f7lsIFyu0C&pg=PA31&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q&f=false

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2018. "Liechtenstein Ducal Hat Unsolved Mystery Since the 18th Century." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/liechtenstein-ducal-hat-unsolved.html

Svenja. 5 September 2014. "Luxarazzi 101: The Ducal Hat of Liechtenstein." Luxarazzi.
Available @ http://www.luxarazzi.com/2014/09/luxarazzi-101-ducal-hat-of-liechtenstein.html

Wilhelm, Gustav. 1960. "Der historische Liechtensteinische Herzogshut." Jahrbuch des Historischen Vereins für das Fürstentum Liechtenstein 60: 7-20.
Available via Liechtensteinische Landesbibliothek @ http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/viewer/image/000000453_60/9/LOG_0006/

Globe at Night 2018 Sagittarius and Second Cygnus Campaigns Begin Sept. 1

Summary: The Globe at Night 2018 Sagittarius and second Cygnus campaigns begin Saturday, Sept. 1, in the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere, respectively.

The Teapot asterism is an easy finding aid for the Teapot’s home constellation, Sagittarius the Archer: EarthSky @earthskyscience, via Twitter Oct. 14, 2016

The Globe at Night 2018 Sagittarius and second Cygnus campaigns begin Saturday, Sept. 1, and close Monday, Sept. 10, as checks on light pollution effects on visibility of Sagittarius the Archer constellation in the Northern Hemisphere and on Cygnus the Swan constellation in the Southern Hemisphere.

The September campaign is the first of Globe at Night’s two 2018 campaigns for observing constellation Sagittarius. The second 2018 Sagittarius campaign begins in October.

Sagittarius the Archer resides in the Southern Celestial Hemisphere, the southern half of the abstract sphere that astronomy projects imaginatively outward from Earth’s surface. Sagittarius appears south of the celestial equator, Earth’s equatorial projection outward onto the imaginary celestial sphere.

Sagittarius places as the 15th largest of the 88 modern constellations. Globe at Night’s August Northern Hemisphere constellation, Cygnus the Swan, ranks just below Sagittarius, in 16th place.

Sagittarius travels across the night sky in the company of Capricorn the Goat to the east and Microscopium the Microscope, Ophiuchus the Serpent Bearer and Scorpius the Scorpion to the west. The Archer’s cluster of neighbors also includes Aguila the Eagle, Scutum the Shield and Serpens Cauda the Serpent’s Tail to the north. Corona Australis the Southern Crown, Indus the Indian and Telescopium the Telescope are southern neighbors.

Globe at Night’s website suggests finding Sagittarius by way of the Milky Way. Facing south, follow the Milky Way up to constellation Scorpius. To the Scorpion’s left, the Archer points his bow at reddish Antares, which marks the Scorpion’s heart.

Sagittarius the Archer constellation’s most noticeable configuration is the Teapot asterism, or pattern of stars. The Milky Way rises like steam from the Teapot’s spout.

Eight stars form the Teapot asterism. The Archer’s brightest star, Kaus Australis (Epsilon Sagittarii, ε Sagittarii; ε Sgr, Epsilon Sgr), joins with the Archer’s third (Ascella: Zeta Sagittarii, ζ Sagittarii; ζ Sgr, Zeta Sgr), fourth (Kaus Media: Delta Sagittarii, δ Sagittarii; δ Sgr, Delta Sgr) and ninth (Phi Sagittarii (φ Sagittarii; φ Sgr, Phi Sgr) brightest stars to form the Teapot’s body.

Second brightest star Nunki (Sigma Sagittarii, σ Sagittarii; σ Sgr, Sigma Sgr) and Tau Sagittarii (τ Sagittarii; τ Sgr, Tau Sgr) represent the Teapot’s handle. Fifth brightest star Kaus Borealis (Lambda Sagittarii; λ Sagittarii; λ Sgr, Lambda Sgr) marks the lid. Seventh brightest star Alnasl (Gamma² Sagittarii, γ² Sagittarii; γ² Sgr, Gamma² Sgr) spouts the Milky Way as steam.

Globe at Night’s website gives sky views for four Southern Hemisphere locations. The sky map at around 10 degrees south latitude places Sagittarius high in the south, to the left of Saturn, for observers near Lima, Peru. At around 20 degrees south latitude, the sky map shows Sagittarius in the south-southwest, high above Saturn, for participants in Francistown, Botswana. At around 30 degrees south, Sagittarius appears high in the south-southeast near La Serena, Chile. At around 40 degrees south, near Wellington, New Zealand, an upside-down Sagittarius is high in the north-northwest, above and to the right of Saturn.

Globe at Night’s first 2018 Sagittarius campaign in the Southern Hemisphere occurs simultaneously with the Northern Hemisphere’s second 2018 Cygnus campaign. The year’s first Cygnus campaign was conducted from Thursday, Aug. 2, to Saturday, Aug. 11.

Globe at Night also suggests the Milky Way as a finding aid for the Northern Hemisphere’s second 2018 Cygnus campaign. Cygnus the Swan heads south along the Milky Way.

As with the Southern Hemisphere’s Teapot, an asterism, the Summer Triangle, also eases Northern Hemisphere viewers’ identification of Cygnus. Deneb (Alpha Cygni, α Cygni; α Cyg, Alpha Cyg), the Swan’s brightest star, performs dual roles as the constellation’s tail and as the Summer Triangle’s lower left vertex (point where two converging sides form an angle).

Globe at Night’s Cygnus event closes in September as the last of the year’s two Northern Hemisphere Cygnus campaigns. October’s Northern Hemisphere campaign focuses on Pegasus. The Winged Horse’s only 2018 campaign runs from Monday, Oct. 1, to Wednesday, Oct. 10.

The second of two 2018 Sagittarius campaigns in the Southern Hemisphere takes place simultaneously with October’s Pegasus campaign in the Northern Hemisphere.

The takeaway for the Globe at Night 2018 Sagittarius and second Cygnus campaigns, which begin Saturday, Sept. 1, and close Monday, Sept. 10, is that the Southern Hemisphere’s Sagittarius campaign opens as the first of two 2018 Archer campaigns, while the Northern Hemisphere’s Cygnus campaign closes as the second of two 2018 Swan campaigns.

Contact details for Globe at Night:

email: globeatnight@noao.edu
website: https://www.darksky.org

Cygnus constellation’s brightest star, Deneb, eases finding the swanlike constellation by topping the prominent Summer Triangle asterism: Learn to Skywatch @Learntoskywatch, via Twitter Sep. 13, 2016

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

The Teapot asterism is an easy finding aid for the Teapot’s home constellation, Sagittarius the Archer: EarthSky @earthskyscience, via Twitter Oct. 14, 2016, @ https://twitter.com/earthskyscience/status/787081309738954753

Cygnus constellation’s brightest star, Deneb, eases finding the swanlike constellation by topping the prominent Summer Triangle asterism: Learn to Skywatch @Learntoskywatch, via Twitter Sep. 13, 2016, @ https://twitter.com/Learntoskywatch/status/775756264802508801

For further information:

“Can You Find Cygnus?” Globe at Night > Finding Constellations.
Available @ https://www.globeatnight.org/finding/cygnus

“Can You Find Sagittarius?” Globe at Night > Finding Constellations.
Available @ https://www.globeatnight.org/finding/sagittarius

EarthSky ‏@earthskyscience. “It can be hard to see a Centaur in constellation Sagittarius. But The Teapot is easy to make out http://bit.ly/2e3hydB Photo: Zefri Besar.” Twitter. Oct. 14, 2016.
Available @ https://twitter.com/earthskyscience/status/787081309738954753

Learn to Skywatch ‏@Learntoskywatch. “Tonight's Target: Cygnus the Swan First find the Summer Triangle Then locate the star Deneb Find Deneb, Find Cygnus.” Twitter. Sept. 13, 2016.
Available @ https://twitter.com/Learntoskywatch/status/775756264802508801

Marriner, Derdriu. “Globe at Night 2018 Bootes and Crux Campaigns Happen in May.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, May 9, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/globe-at-night-2018-bootes-and-crux.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Globe at Night 2018 Cygnus and Second Scorpius Campaigns Begin Aug. 2.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Aug. 1, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/globe-at-night-2018-cygnus-and-second.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Globe at Night 2018 Hercules and Third Crux Campaigns Begin June 4.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, May 30, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/globe-at-night-2018-hercules-and-third.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Globe at Night 2018 Leo Campaign Begins April 6 for Northern Latitudes.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, April 4, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/globe-at-night-2018-leo-campaign-begins.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Globe at Night 2018 Scorpius and Second Hercules Campaigns Begin July 4.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, June 27, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/globe-at-night-2018-scorpius-and-second.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Northern Cross Marks Autumn Nights From Nightfall to Midnight.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Oct. 5, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/northern-cross-marks-autumn-nights-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Summer Triangle of Altair With Deneb and Vega Dramatizes Summer Nights.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Aug. 10, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/08/summer-triangle-of-altair-with-deneb.html

Joseph Urban Designed Sets for 29 New Productions at Met Opera

Summary: Austrian American costume and set designer Joseph Urban designed sets for 29 new productions at the Metropolitan Opera over his almost 16-year career.

Klingsor's garden, Joseph Urban's set design for the Metropolitan Opera's new production of Wagner's Parsifal, which debuted Feb. 19, 1920: Kenny Dread @KennyDread, via Twitter Feb. 17, 2018

Austrian American costume and scenic designer Joseph Urban designed sets for 29 new productions at the Metropolitan Opera during his nearly 16-year career, from his debut in November 1917 until his death in July 1933.

Urban’s Met Opera career total of 55 productions included two world premieres and 14 U.S. premieres. Ten productions launched Metropolitan Opera premieres.

Urban’s designs for 29 new productions were intended to revitalize operas already in Met Opera’s repertoire. He collaborated with his costume designer daughter, Gretel, on nine new productions.

Urban debuted Nov. 17, 1917, as designer for the Metropolitan Opera’s new production of Faust by Charles-François Gounod (June 17, 1818-Oct. 18, 1893). Polish film and theatre director Richard Ordynski (Oct. 5, 1878-Aug. 13, 1953) directed. Met Opera revived Urban’s designs through the 1950-1951 season.

Le Prophète by Giacomo Meyerbeer (Sept. 5, 1791-May 2, 1864) opened Feb. 7, 1918. Richard Ordynski directed.

La Juive by Fromental Halévy (May 27, 1799-March 17, 1862) opened Nov. 22, 1919. Richard Ordynski directed.

Parsifal by Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813-Feb. 13, 1883) opened Feb. 19, 1920. Richard Ordynski directed.

Wagner’s Tristan und Isolde opened Nov. 20, 1920. Viennese American stage manager Samuel Thewman (Feb. 27, 1872-March 22, 1940) directed.

Wagner’s Lohengrin opened Feb. 2, 1921. Samuel Thewman directed. Gretel designed costumes.

Verdi’s La Traviata opened Nov. 14, 1921. Samuel Thewman directed.

Verdi’s Ernani opened Dec. 8, 1921. Samuel Thewman directed. Gretel designed costumes.

Madama Butterfly by Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924) opened Nov. 24, 1922. Viennese stage director Wilhelm von Wymetal Sr. (1862-Nov. 11, 1937) directed.

Gounod’s Roméo et Juliette opened Nov. 25, 1922. Samuel Thewman directed. Gretel designed costumes.

Thaïs by Jules Massenet (May 12, 1842-Aug. 13, 1912) opened Dec. 14, 1922. Wilhelm von Wymetal directed. Gretel designed costumes.

Wagner’s Tannhäuser opened Feb. 1, 1923. Samuel Thewman directed. Mathilde Castel-Bert designed costumes. The Metropolitan Opera Archives Database notes that Joseph may have designed some costumes.

Meyerbeer’s L’Africaine opened March 21, 1923. Samuel Thewman directed. Gretel designed costumes.

L’Amico Fritz by Pietro Mascagni (Dec. 7, 1863-Aug. 2, 1945) opened Nov. 15, 1923. Samuel Thewman directed.

Carmen by Georges Bizet (Oct. 25, 1838-June 3, 1875) opened Nov. 22, 1923. Wilhelm von Wymetal directed. Gretel designed costumes.

Fedora by Umberto Giordano (Aug. 28, 1867-Nov. 12, 1948) opened Dec. 8, 1923. Wilhelm von Wymetal directed. Billy Wheeler and Ethel Fox designed costumes.

Martha by Friedrich von Flotow (April 27, 1812-Jan. 24, 1883) opened Dec. 14, 1923. Wilhelm von Wymetal directed.

Der Freischütz by Carl Maria von Weber (Nov. 18/19, 1786-June 5, 1826) opened March 22, 1924. Samuel Thewman directed. Mathilde Castel-Bert designed costumes.

Les Contes d’Hoffmann by Jacques Offenbach (June 20, 1819-Oct. 5, 1880) opened Nov. 13, 1924. Wilhelm von Wymetal directed. Gretel designed costumes.

Verdi’s Falstaff opened Jan. 2, 1925.  Wilhelm von Wymetal directed. Gretel Urban and German designer Adolfo Hohenstein (March 18, 1854-April 12, 1928) designed costumes.

Der Barbier von Bagdad by Peter Cornelius (Dec. 24, 1824-Oct. 26, 1874) opened Nov. 7, 1925. Samuel Thewman directed. Metropolitan Opera Archives Database notes that some costumes, ". . . designed by Georg Heil, derived from the 1912-1923 production of Die Zauberflöte."

Il Barbiere di Siviglia by Gioachino Rossini (Feb. 29, 1792-Nov. 13, 1868) opened Jan. 12, 1926. Italian stage director Armando Agnini (July 11, 1884-March 27, 1960) directed.

Fidelio by Ludwig van Beethoven (bapt. Dec. 17, 1770-March 26, 1827) opened Jan. 22, 1927. Wilhelm von Wymetal directed.

Hänsel und Gretel by Engelbert Humperdinck (Sept. 1, 1854-Sept. 27, 1921) opened Nov. 5, 1927. Wilhelm von Wymetal directed. Gretel designed costumes.

Norma by Vincenzo Bellini (Nov. 3, 1801-Sept. 23, 1835) opened Nov. 16, 1927. Samuel Thewman directed.

Massenet’s Manon opened Dec. 22, 1928. Wilhelm von Wymetal directed.

Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Mozart (Jan. 27, 1756-Dec. 5, 1791) opened Nov. 29, 1929. Wilhelm von Wymetal directed.

Louise by Gustave Charpentier (June 25, 1860-Feb. 18, 1956) opened March 1, 1930. Wilhelm von Wymetal directed.

Bellini’s La Sonnambula opened March 16, 1932, as the last new production designed by Joseph Urban. Russian opera and theatre director Alexander Sanine (April 15, 1869-May 8, 1956) directed.

The takeaways for Joseph Urban’s set designs for 29 new productions at the Metropolitan Opera are that he collaborated with his costume designer daughter, Gretel, on 10 new productions and that he designed a total of 55 productions during his almost 16-year career at Met Opera.

Joseph Urban's scenic design for the Metropolitan Opera's new production of Fromental Halévy's La Juive; Kenneth Macgowan, The Lesson of Urban, Shadowland (1919), page 17: Library of Congress has determined that this item is not in copyright, via Internet Archive

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

The Metropolitan Opera’s new production of Parsifal, with Joseph Urban’s set designs, debuted Feb. 19, 1920: Kenny Dread @KennyDread, via Twitter Feb. 17, 2018, @ https://twitter.com/KennyDread/status/964977056282038273

Joseph Urban's scenic design for the Metropolitan Opera's new production of Fromental Halévy's La Juive; Kenneth Macgowan, The Lesson of Urban, Shadowland (1919), page 17: Library of Congress has determined that this item is not in copyright, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/stream/shadowland01mppu#page/n174/mode/1up

For further information:

“Debut: Gretel Urban.” MetOpera Database > MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 76450 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Don Carlo {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/23/1920.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=76450

“Debuts: Thomas Chalmers, Pierre Monteux, Joseph Urban.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 67050 New production Faust {294} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/17/1917.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=67050

Italian Genealogical Group and German Genealogy Group. "Samuel Thewman in the New York, New York, U.S., Extracted Death Index, 1862-1948." Ancestry.com > New York, New York, U.S., Extracted Death Index, 1862-1948 [database online]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014.
Available via Ancestry @ https://search.ancestrylibrary.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=9131&h=4020416

Kenny Dread @KennyDread. “@RTElyricfm Gorgeous Opera Night of Wagner ‘Parsifal’ from The Met... Remembering that my great-grandfather Artur Bodanzky conducted the Joseph Urban production there in 1920.” Twitter. Feb. 17, 2018.
Available @ https://twitter.com/KennyDread/status/964977056282038273

Macgowan, Kenneth. “The Lesson of Urban.” Shadowland (November 1919): 15-18. Brooklyn NY: The M.P. Publishing Company.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/stream/shadowland01mppu#page/n172/mode/1up

Marriner, Derdriu. "Gretel Urban Designed Costumes for U.S. Turandot Premiere at Met Opera." Earth and Space News. Monday, July 30, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/gretel-urban-designed-costumes-for-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Joseph Urban Designed Sets for 10 Metropolitan Opera Premieres." Earth and Space News. Monday, Aug. 13, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/joseph-urban-designed-sets-for-10.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Joseph Urban Designed Sets for 14 U.S. Premieres at Met Opera." Earth and Space News. Monday, July 23, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/joseph-urban-designed-sets-for-14-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Joseph Urban Designed Sets for Two World Premieres at Met Opera." Earth and Space News. Monday, July 16, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/joseph-urban-designed-sets-for-two.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Mar-a-Lago Architect Joseph Urban Also Designed Sets at Met Opera." Earth and Space News. Monday, July 9, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/mar-lago-architect-joseph-urban-also.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Maria Jeritza Sang Title Role in U.S. Turandot Premiere at Met Opera." Earth and Space News. Monday, Aug. 6, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/maria-jeritza-sang-title-role-in-us.html

The Metropolitan Opera. "100 Years Ago: The Debut of Joseph Urban, Designer of the Most Productions in Met History." The Metropolitan Opera > Archives > Notes From the Archives > This Month in Met History. Nov. 1, 2017.
Available @ https://www.metopera.org/discover/archives/notes-from-the-archives/November/

Musäus, Johann Karl August. Die Buecher der Chronika der drei Schwestern. Illustrirt von H. Lefler und J. Urban. Berlin: Verlag von J.A. Stargardt, 1900.
Available via HathiTrust @ https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/102155858

“New Production: Carmen.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 85200 New production Carmen {284} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/22/1923.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=85200

“New Production: Der Barbier von Bagdad.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 91060 New production (Der Barbier von Bagdad) Metropolitan Opera Premiere (L'Heure Espagnole) Der Barbier von Bagdad {13} L'Heure Espagnole {1} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/7/1925.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=91060

“New Production: Der Freischütz.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 86880 New production Der Freischütz {7} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 03/22/1924.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=86880

“New Production: Don Giovanni.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 103440 New production Don Giovanni {75} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/29/1929.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=103440

“New Production: Ernani.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 79300 New production Ernani {5} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/8/1921.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=79300

“New Production: Falstaff.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 88800 New production Falstaff {33} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/2/1925.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=88800

“New Production: Faust.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 67050 New production Faust {294} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/17/1917.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=67050

“New Production: Fedora.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 85420 New production Fedora {9} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 12/8/1923.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=85420

“New Production: Fidelio.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 95100 New production Fidelio {49} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 01/22/1927.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=95100

“New Production: Hänsel und Gretel.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 97060 United States Premiere (Violanta) New Production (Hänsel und Gretel) Violanta {1} Hänsel und Gretel {93} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/5/1927.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=97060

“New Production: Il Barbiere di Siviglia.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 91950 New production Il Barbiere di Siviglia {127} American Academy of Music, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: 01/12/1926.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=91950

“New Production: La Juive.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 73070 New production La Juive {19} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/22/1919.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=73070

“New Production: La Sonnambula.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 110790 New production La Sonnambula {21} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/16/1932.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=110790

“New Production: La Traviata.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 79000 New production La Traviata {110} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/14/1921.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=79000

“New Production: L’Africaine.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 83730 New production L'Africaine {25} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/21/1923.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=83730

“New Production: L’Amico Fritz.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 85110 New production (L'Amico Fritz) L'Oracolo {40} L'Amico Fritz {2} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/15/1923.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=85110

“New Production: Le Prophète.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 68010 New production Le Prophète {52} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/7/1918.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=68010

“New Production: Les Contes d’Hoffmann.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 88120 New production Les Contes d'Hoffmann {14} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/13/1924.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=88120

“New Production: Lohengrin.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 76980 New production Lohengrin {308} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/2/1921.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=76980

“New Production: Louise.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 104670 New production Louise {15} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 03/1/1930.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=104670

“New Production: Madama Butterfly.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 82120 New production Madama Butterfly {160} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/24/1922.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=82120

“New Production: Manon.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 100720 New production Manon {76} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 12/22/1928.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=100720

“New Production: Martha.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 85500 New production Martha {72} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/14/1923.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=85500

“New Production: Norma.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 97200 New production Norma {7} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/16/1927.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=97200

“New Production: Parsifal.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 74150 New production Parsifal {85} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 02/19/1920.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=74150

“New Production: Roméo et Juliette.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 82140 New production Roméo et Juliette {111} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/25/1922.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=82140

“New Production: Tannhäuser.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 83050 New production Tannhäuser {215} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/1/1923.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=83050

“New Production: Thaïs.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 82400 New production Thaïs {20} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/14/1922.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=82400

“New Production: Tristan und Isolde.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 76050 New production Tristan und Isolde {144} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/20/1920.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=76050

U.S. National Archives. "Samuel Thewman." Ancestry.com > New York, U.S., State and Federal Naturalization Records, 1794-1943 [database online]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013.
Available via Ancestry @ https://search.ancestrylibrary.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=2280&h=3980662

Waszut-Barrett, Wendy, PhD (waszut_barrett@me.com). “Historical Excerpt -- ‘Women in Scenic Art,’ Gretl Urban.” Drypigment.net > Archives > February 2017. Feb. 8, 2017.
Available @ http://drypigment.net/2017/02/08/historical-excerpt-women-in-scenic-art-gretl-urban/