Earth and Space News: 2023

Saturday, December 30, 2023

Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Assigns Snowy Owls to December Birds

Summary: Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 assigns snowy owls to December birds who anguish the National Audubon Society as vulnerable Arctic, near-Arctic wildlife.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 assigns snowy owls to December birds whose Arctic, near-Arctic vulnerability as wildlife abiding from Unitedstatesian Alaska eastward, through northwestern Canada, into Nunavut anguishes the National Audubon Society.

The Strigiformes (from Greek στρίξ, “screecher” and Latin -fōrmis, “-shaped”) order member breeds May through September in tundra (from Lappish тӯннтрэ via Russian ту́ндра, “treeless flatlands”). The Strigidae (from Greek στρίξ, “screecher” and -ειδής, “-like” via Latin -idæ) family member chooses level, open country and islands with huntable, nestable headlands and hummocks. Bubo scandiacus (from Latin būbō, “[Eurasian eagle] owl [Bubo bubo] and scandiacus, “Scandinavia’s”), described by Carl Linnaeus (May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778), dwells solitarily apart parenting.

Maximum 9-year life expectancies entail experiencing the Canadian Arctic Archipelago May through September; coastal northern Alaska, Yukon Territory, Northwest Terriroties, Nunavut and southeastern Baffin Island year-round.

Arctic, near-Arctic northernmost coastlines along Alaskan United States, Canada, Finland, Greenland, Norway and Russia accommodate breeding areas of snowy owls from May through September even as Alaskan southern coastlines, Canadian, Candian and Unitedstatesian border-state, Finnish, Greenlandic Norwegian, Russian and Swedish nothern interiors account for non-breeding areas between October and April; May 26, 2012, Cypron Map Series range map of Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus); adapted from BirdLife International and Handbook of the Birds of the World 2021 Bubo scandiacus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2: The Emirr/MapLab, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Sometimes snowy owls fly southward for overwintering October through April in the other Canadian provinces and territories, the southern Alaskan coastline and the Unitedstatesian border states.

Female snowy owls gestate single-brooded, 2.24-inch- (57-millimeter-) long, 1.77-inch- (45-millimeter-) wide, white eggs on such semi-raised sites with panoramic views as boulders, crag ledges and hummocks. They house 3 to 10 or maximally 15 eggs in nest-honed scrapes hollowed in ground dirt or vegetation and having no lining apart feathery, mossy fragments. Their first egg-laying initiates mothers-to-be incubating for 32 to 37 days in 15- to 20-inch (38.1- to 50.8-centimeter) diameter scrapes short-elliptical to sub-elliptical, semi-glossy, smooth eggs.

Snowy owls as December birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 perhaps jubilate their juveniles journeying through maximum 37-day incubations, 30-day hatchings, 4-week leave-taking, 9-week fledging.

No marks such as blotching, mottling, speckling or spotting add any color to each snowy owl mothers-to-be's 3 to 10, or maximmally 11 through 15, annual, short-elliptical to sub-elliptical, semi-glossy, smooth, 2.24-inch- (57-millimeter-) long, 1.77-inch- (45-millimeter-) wide, white eggs; Friday, Oct. 8, 2021, image of snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus) eggs, collected June 15, 1920, at Karesuando, Kiruna Municipality, Norrbotten County, northernmost Sweden; Collection Jacques Perrin de Brichambaut (Oct. 18, 1920-March 17, 2007), Muséum de Toulouse (Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de la ville de Toulouse, MHNT), Jardin des Plantes de Toulouse, quartier de Busca-Montplaisir, Toulouse center, Haute-Garonne department, Occitania region, southwest France: Roger Culos (Ercé), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Egg incubations, egg hatchings and nestling broodings before leave-taking and fledging kindle snow owl fathers-to-be and fathers keeping their breeding-season mates and their parenting-season chicks fed.

Snowy owl fathers and mothers look for fish, small birds and such small mammals as lemmings for themselves and their chicks even after leave-taking and fledging. Altricial (from Latin alere, “to nourish” via Latin altor, “nourisher”) newborns manifest short, soft, thick, white down to their claws and bare-patched backs to leg joints. Six- to 10-day-old snowy owl nestlings net as their first plumage blackening brown-gray, down-like, loose feathering and preying-friendly black-gray bills and perching- and preying-friendly black-gray claws.

June- through October-born snowy owls obtain occupancies outside birth nests July through November and August through December flights like Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 December birds.

Snowy owl fathers-to-be and fathers aid their mates with egg incubations and hatchings and with nestling broodings until just before the couple's chicks, as 3- to 4-week-olds, alternate between birth nests and adjacent pre-fledging and fledging nests. Snowy owl mothers-to-be and mothers allocate their time, from gestating, incubating and nourishing through preparing for flight, fledging and independece, to their chicks; Thursday, July 27, 2006, 15:29, image of mother with check at Calgary Zoo, St. George's Island, Bridgeland-Riverside neighborhood, northeast of Calgary's Downtown/East Village neighborhood, southwestern Calgary; western Canada: Tony Hisgett, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons

Juvenile and physically and sexually mature snowy owls pursue hunting- and migrating-friendly slow, steady flight patterns with deep, strong wingbeats and their glides positioned around flaps.

Juvenile snowy owls quarter black beaks and claws; black-pupiled yellow eyes; white faces; dusky-barred breasts and bellies; white-feathered legs, brown- and gray-flecked upperparts, napes and crowns. Mature snowy owls reveal dark beaks and claws; dark-pupiled yellow eyes; white-faced, large, round heads; near-all-white breasts, feet, legs; and variable-barred backs, tails, underparts and wings. Twenty- to 27-inch (51- to 68-centimeter-) long, 3.5- to 6.5-pound (1.6- to 2.9-kilogram) bodies with 4.25- to 5.25-foot (1.3- to 1.6-meter) wingspans suggest mature snowy owls.

Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 treasures as December birds snowy owls, as barred or all-white males, tendering deep, doubled or serialized hoots; hisses; rattles; and whistles.

Floyd Davidson approaches juvenile and mature appearances in his image of "Young Snowy Owl on the tundra at Utqiagvik, Alaska," whereby "Snowy owls lose their black feathers with age, although individual females may retain some"; Sunday, Sep. 24, 2006, 17:41, image of young snowy owl on tundra at Utqiagvik (Inupiaq: Utqiaġvik, as of Dec. 1, 2016; formerly Barrow), North Slope Borough, northwestern coastal Alaska, Arctic Circle: Floyd Davidson, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

John James Audubon (April 26, 1785-Jan. 27, 1851) accentuates, in his plate 121 to Birds of America, the abundant white feathering all the way down snowy owl legs and feet to their black claws and around their black beaks and black-pupiled yellow eyes; Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus) male (upper) and female (lower) under synonym of Strix nyctea; Drawn from Nature by J.J. Audubon, F.R.S., F.L.S.; Engraved, Printed & Coloured by R. Havell, London [1831-1834]; John James Audubon, The Birds of America, No. 25, Plate CXXI: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:121_Snowy_Owl.jpg; No copyright--United States (NoC--US), via ULS (University of Pittsburgh Library System) @ https://digital.library.pitt.edu/islandora/object/pitt%3Aaud0121; Birds of America, vol. I (1840), No. 6, Plate 28, opposite page 114, Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40383143; Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/61021753@N02/8567723075/

Arctic, near-Arctic northernmost coastlines along Alaskan United States, Canada, Finland, Greenland, Norway and Russia accommodate breeding areas of snowy owls from May through September even as Alaskan southern coastlines, Canadian, Candian and Unitedstatesian border-state, Finnish, Greenlandic Norwegian, Russian and Swedish nothern interiors account for non-breeding areas between October and April; May 26, 2012, Cypron Map Series range map of Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus); adapted from BirdLife International and Handbook of the Birds of the World 2021 Bubo scandiacus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2 @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22689055/205475036: The Emirr/MapLab, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cypron-Range_Bubo_scandiacus.svg

Baicich, Paul J.; and Colin J. O. Harrison. 2005. "Snowy Owl (Nyctea scandiaca)." Page 187. Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds. Second edition. Princeton NJ; and Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England: Princeton University Press.

BirdLife International, 2020. "Snowy Owl Bubo scandiacus." IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22689055A181375387. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22689055A181375387.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22689055/181375387

Bull, John; and John Farrand, Jr. July 1977. "309 Snowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca." Pages 548. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds: Eastern Region. Revised by John Farrand, Jr. Second edition, fully revised, fifth printing, July 1977. Chanticleer Press Edition. New York NY: Borzoi Book, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

Cleary, Margot Keam. 1991. "Snowy Owl." Page 59. In: John James Audubon. New York NY: Crescent Books.

Godwin, Laura; and Rob Dunlavey. 2016. Owl Sees Owl. New York NY: Schwarz & Wade Books.

Howell, Catherine Herbert (Writer); and Mary B. Dickinson (Editor). 1999. "Snowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca." Pages 250-251. Field Guide to the Birds of North America. Third Edition. Washington DC: National Geographic Society.

Linnaeus, C. 1758. "(Aves Accipitres. Falco.) 41. Strix. ſcandiaca. 2." Page 92. In: Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Tomus I. Holmiæ (Stockholm): impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. 824 pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542 BHL p. 92 BHL Reference page.
Marriner, Derdriu. 12 August 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Augurs King Eiders as August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022.html#google_vignette

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 December 2023. "Spectacled Eiders Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 December Birds." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/12/spectacled-eiders-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Adds Mount Katmai to Wild November." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/11/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022-adds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 October 2023. "Caribou Abound as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 October Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/caribou-abound-as-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2023. "Red-Necked Phalaropes, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/red-necked-phalaropes-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2023. "Polar Bears Act as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 September Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/polar-bears-act-as-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 August 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Augurs King Eiders as August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022.html#google_vignette

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 August 2023. "Savannah Sparrows Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/savannah-sparrows-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 July 2023. "Kenai Peninsula Awes, As Wild July, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/kenai-peninsula-awes-as-wild-july.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 June 2023. "Buff-Breasted Sandpipers, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 June Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/buff-breasted-sandpipers-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 June 2023. "Rock Ptarmigans Act as June Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/rock-ptarmigans-act-as-june-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2023. "Moose Appear as May Animals on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/moose-appear-as-may-animals-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Brooks Range Acts as Wild April on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/brooks-range-acts-as-wild-april-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Arctic Terns Are April Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/arctic-terns-are-april-birds-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Western Sandpipers Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 March Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/western-sandpipers-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Baffin Island Wolves Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 Wild March." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/baffin-island-wolves-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2023. "Musk Ox, Muskox Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar February 2022 Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/musk-ox-muskox-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 February 2023. "Red-Throated Loons Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 February Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/red-throated-loons-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 January 2023. "Mallard Ducks Aced Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 as January Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/mallard-ducks-aced-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2023. "Red Foxes Are January Wildlife on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/red-foxes-are-january-wildlife-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2022. "Dark-Eyed Juncos Are December Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/dark-eyed-juncos-are-december-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 November 2022. "Eared Grebes Are November Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/eared-grebes-are-november-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2022. "Barred Owls Are October Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/barred-owls-are-october-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 September 2022. "Brown Pelicans Are September Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/brown-pelicans-are-september-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 August 2022. "Allen’s Hummingbirds Are August Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/allens-hummingbirds-are-august-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2022. "Reddish Egrets Are July Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/reddish-egrets-are-july-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2022. "American Oystercatchers Are June Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/american-oystercatchers-are-june-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2022. "Rose-Breasted Grosbeaks Are May Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/rose-breasted-grosbeaks-are-may-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 April 2022. "Crested Caracaras Appear as April Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/crested-caracaras-appear-as-april-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2022. "Cerulean Warblers Are March Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/cerulean-warblers-are-march-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2022. "Northern Bobwhites Are February Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/northern-bobwhites-are-february-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2022. "Florida Scrub-Jays Are January Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/florida-scrub-jays-are-january-birds-on.html

Peterson, Roger Tory. 2010. "Snowy Owl Bubo scandiacus." Pages 196-197. Peterson Field Guide to Birds of Eastern and Central North America. With Contributions from Michael DiGiorgio, Paul Lehman, Michael O'Brien and Jeffrey A. Gordon, Larry Rosche and Bill Thompson III. Sixth Edition. Boston MA; and New York NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.

Robbins, Chandler S.; Bertel Bruun; and Herbert S. Zim. 2001. "Snowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca." Pages 176-177. Birds of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. Revised by Jonathan P. Latimer, Karen Stray Nolting and James Coe. Golden Field Guide. New York NY: St. Martin's Press.

"Snowy Owl (Bubo Scandiacus)." Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources > Topics > Wildlife Habitat.
Available @ https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/WildlifeHabitat/SnowyOwls.html

Stokes, Donald and Lillian. 1996. "Snowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca." Page 236. Stokes Field Guide to Birds: Eastern Region. Boston MA; and New York NY: Little Brown and Company; and Toronto ON Canada: Little, Brown & Company (Canada) Limited.

Udvardy, Miklos D. F. 1977. 30 August 1977. "303 Snowy Owl (Nyctea scandiaca) Owls (Strigidae)." Page 765. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds: Western Region. Reprinted eleven times. Thirteenth Printing, May, 1987. New York NY: Borzoi Book, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.; and Toronto, Canada: Random House of Canada Limited.

Thursday, December 28, 2023

Three Bridges Apply to Magnum PI and to Ultra-Compact Dwarf Galaxies

Summary: Three Bridges apply to season 5 episode 12 Wednesday, Dec. 27, 2023, on action drama television series Magnum PI and to ultra-compact dwarf galaxies.

"Under the Dome," image of Gemini North Observatory, discoverer of 100-plus ultra-compact dwarf galaxies: International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/P. Michaud, CC BY 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Three Bridges apply to season 5 episode 12 rerun Wednesday, Dec. 27, 2023, from its debut Wednesday, Oct. 11, 2023, on action drama television series Magnum PI and to ultra-compact dwarf galaxies.

Episode 88 overall, by director David Straiton and writer Barbie Kligman, as 12th Magnum episode for NBC Television Season 2023-2024, builds three bridges between seven buddies. Maunakea summit’s Gemini North telescope on Hawaii County and island, Hawaii state (from Hawaiian mauna kea, “mountain white”; ha wai ‘i, “breath life-force supreme”) clarifies UCDs. Gemini North telescope discovered 100-plus ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) around the Virgo galactic cluster toward the constellation Virgo (from Latin virga, “young shoot" via virgō, “maiden”).

Star clusters enshrine a lesser area and experience a lower number of total stars even as they express the most equitable resemblances to ultra-compact dwarf galaxies.

Ultra-compact dwarf galaxies feature the fullest compactness, the fullest denseness of the densest stellar groups already found and those yet hypothetically, theoretically findable among similar-massed galaxies.

The 40-plus-membered Local Group guards as full-fledged 200,000,000,000 (200 billion) to 400,000,000,000-starred (400 billion) galaxies the Andromeda (from Greek ἀνήρ μέδω-η, “men’s ruler”) and our Milky Way. It has among its faint-lit, old-star Milky Way satellites Carina spheroidal, Crater 2, Draco, Fornax, Large Magellanic Cloud, Leo I, Leo II and Sculptor dwarf galaxies. It includes among its Milky Way satellites Sagittarius irregular, Sagittarius spheroidal, Sextans spheroidal, Small Magellanic Cloud, Ursa Minor, perhaps Eridanus II, perhaps Willman 1 dwarf galaxes.

Three Bridges join Magnum PI emotionally to Higgy and Kumo, Rick and TC and ultra-compact dwarf galaxies evolution-wise to dwarf galaxies and appearance-wise to star clusters.

Collage of morphological sequence from dwarf galaxy to ultra-compact dwarf galaxy (UCD) depicts continuum of galaxies at different stages in transformational process from dwarf galaxy to ultra-compact dwarf galaxy (UCD); these objects near supergiant elliptical galaxy M87, neighboring Virgo Cluster's dominant member; ID noirlab2330b; release date Nov. 8, 2023, 9:45 a.m.; credit NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/NASA/R. Gendler/K. Wang/M. Zamani: CC BY 4.0 International, via NOIRLab

Dwarf galaxies keep 1,000 to several billion stars even as they know different compositions and shapes from their possible dark matter-, low-metal gas- or high-metal gas-kindling.

Draco, Fornax, Leo I, Leo II, Ursa Minor spheroidal; Large Magellanic Cloud spiral; Sculptor, Willman 1 elliptical; Small Magellanic Cloud irregular dwarf galaxies laud shape-like labels. The moniker blue compact dwarf galaxy manifests a compositional meaning and a shape meaning in the semi-elliptical, semi-spiral mix that maintains bright-blue, hot, massive, young stars. They respectively nestle as NGC 1705, NGC 2915, NGC 3353 and I Zwicky 18 into the constellations Pictor, Chamaeleon, Ursa Major and Canes Venatici (“Hunting Dogs”).

Three Bridges orient Magnum PI to Higgy and Kumo, Rick to Suzy and TC to Mahina and ultra-compact dwarf galaxies to dwarf galaxies and star clusters.

Two supermassive black holes (BHs) in two Virgo ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) VUCD3 and M59cO, revealed in images from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Legacy Archive by adaptive optics assisted kinematics data obtained from Hawai'i's Gemini North Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectrometer (NIFS) instrument, were reported by University of Utah Astronomy and Physics postdoctoral candidate Christopher Ahn and Astronomy and Physics Professor Anil C. (Chandra) Seth in "Detection of Supermassive Black Holes in Two Virgo Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxies," published April 20, 2017, in The Astrophysical Journal (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aa6972); panels show zoom-in Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images of ultra-compact dwarf galaxies M87-VUCD3 (left inset) and M59-M59cO (right inset), 2MASSLGA (Two Micron All Sky Survey Large Galaxy Atlas) images of M87-VUCD3 system (left main image) and M59-M59cO system (right main image), and projected host-UCD distances (red lines) of 14.4 kiloparsecs (KPCs) from host Messier 87 (M87) to M87-VUCD3 system and 10.2 KPCs from host Messier 59 (M59) to M59-M59cO system: NASA/Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), Usage Restrictions -- Reuse, with attribution, via EurekAlert!

Perhaps dwarf galaxies in their disrupted, stripped remnant nuclei; stellar super-clusters in their merger; or primordial dark matter in its petitest-peak fluctuations produced ultra-compact dwarf galaxies.

Ultra-compact dwarf galaxies queue 200,000,000 (200 million) stars within quarters 200 light years across and supermassive black holes 13 to 18 percent VUCD3’s and M59cO’s masses. Many ultra-compact dwarf galaxies reside in Abell 1689 and the Virgo Cluster, the Coma and the Fornax clusters respectively in constellations Virgo, Coma Berenices and Fornax. Perhaps M59-UCD3, with 200,000,000 (200 million) solar masses within a 160-light-year radius and 20-parsec half-light radius and with -14.6 absolute visual magnitude, stands as densest-known galaxy.

Three Bridges team Magnum PI with Higgy and Kumo, Rick with Suzy and TC with Mahina and ultra-compact dwarf galaxies with dwarf galaxies and star clusters.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

Artist's impression of a dwarf galaxy experiencing tidal stripping depicts a dwarf galaxy's transition to an ultra-compact dwarf galaxy (UCD) via stripping of its outer layers of gas and stars by a nearby larger galaxy; ID noirlab2330a; release date Nov. 8, 2023, 9:45 a.m.; credit NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/M. Zamani: CC BY 4.0 International, via NOIRLab @ https://noirlab.edu/public/images/noirlab2330a/ (specific image URL); CC BY 4.0 International, via NOIRLab @ https://noirlab.edu/public/news/noirlab2330/

(left to right) Juliet Higgins (Perdita Weeks), La Mariana owner Orville "Rick" Wright (Zachary Kngighton) and Suzy Madison (Betsy Phillips) in "Three Bridges," American action drama television series Magnum P.I. season 5 episode 12: Magnum P.I., via Facebook Oct. 12, 2023, @ https://www.facebook.com/NBCMagnumPI/posts/pfbid02FspvzrJZkWSdfYPXJBPS4eyRNbj1cPiJCBf5MGYJi5L79HnR1FfnCQB2RBknhnzml

For further information:

"About Falconry." North American Falconers Association > About Falconry.
Available @ https://www.n-a-f-a.com/page/AboutFalconry

"Birthright." Magnum PI. New York City NY: National Broadcasting Company, July 13, 2023; May 28, 2023; March 26, 2023.

"The Breaking Point." Magnum PI. New York City NY: National Broadcasting Company, June 1, 2023; April 9, 2023; Feb. 19, 2023.

CBR. 23 March 2021. "Delissea niihauensis ssp. kauaiensis." Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center > Plant Database > Enter a Plant Name.
Available @ https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=DENIK=

"Charlie Foxtrot." Magnum PI. New York City NY: National Broadcasting Company, Aug. 10, 2023; April 23, 2023.

Clark, M. 2017. (Errata version of 2016 assessment.) "Delissea kauaiensis." IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T34038A115172189.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/34038/115172189

Current Results Publishing Ltd. 2023. "Oahu." Current Results weather and science facts > Weather > Weather Averages > USA > Hawaii > Hawaii Rainfall > Average Rainfall for Hawaii in February.
Available @ https://www.currentresults.com/Weather/Hawaii/average-rainfall-february.php#o

"Delissea kauaiensis (Lammers) Lammers." Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History > Research & Collections > Botany > Flora of the Hawaiian Islands > Campanulaceae.
Available @ https://naturalhistory2.si.edu/botany/hawaiianflora/result2.cfm?genus=Delissea&species=undulata&rank1=&epithet1=

"Delissea kauaiensis." Native Plants Hawai'i > Browse Plants > Listing of Native Hawaiian Plants > [Page] 7. Copyrighted 2009.
Available @ http://nativeplants.hawaii.edu/plant/view/Delissea_kauaiensis/

"Devil on the Doorstep." Magnum PI. New York City NY: National Broadcasting Company, June 20, 2022; Nov. 12, 2021.

"Dream Lover." Magnum PI. New York City NY: National Broadcasting Company, Feb. 19, 2023; Jan. 7, 2022.

"Hawaiian Lunar Month." Hokulea > 'Ike: Knowledge and Traditions > Wayfinding: Modern Methods and Techniques of Non-Instrument Navigation, Based on Pacific Traditions > Hawaiian Voyaging Traditions > Hawaiian Lunar Month.
Available @ https://archive.hokulea.com/ike/hookele/hawaiian_lunar_month.html

"Hawaiian Tikis." To-Hawaii. Copyrighted 2006-2023.
Available @ https://www.to-hawaii.com/tikis.php

Heidelberger, Nick. “Night Golf Under the Lights: All 20 Courses in the United States.” GolkLink > Travel > Travel Destinations. Updated Aug. 22, 2023. Copyright 1996-2023.
Available @ https://www.golflink.com/travel/night-golf

Honebrink, Randy. 2016. "Goatfish." Pages 65-66. In: Fishing in Hawaii: A Student Manual. Honolulu HI: Division of Aquatic Resources, Department of Land and Natural Resources.
Available @ https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/dar/files/2016/03/Fishing_in_Hawaii.pdf

Ho'oulumahiehie. 1 September 2008. The Epic Tale of Hi'iakaikapoliopele. Edited and translated by Puakea Nogelmeier. Illustrated by Solomon Enos. Mililani HI: Booklines Hawaii, Ltd., division of The Islander Group.

Joey; and Gerrit. "Average Weather For Hilo (By Month)." Love Big Island > Menu > Regions > Hilo > Highlights > Highlights For Hilo (City And Outdoors) > Guide to Hilo: Beaches, Favorites Activities, And Day Trips > Table of contents > Weather trends > Local Weather in Hilo > monthly average weather for Hilo. Updated 16 March 2021. Copyright 2011-2023.
Available @ https://www.lovebigisland.com/hilo/average-yearly-weather/

"Laiekawai: A Legend of the Hawaiian Islands." October-December 1900. The Journal of American Folklore 13(51): 241-260.
Available @ https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/532910.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A0a421eac0eeb9a1f158327891a2c2fbe&ab_segments=&origin=&initiator=&acceptTC=1

Lammers, Thomas G. 8 March 2005. "Revision of Delissea (Campanulaceae-Lobelioideae)." Systematic Botany Monographs 73: 19.
Available via Journal Storage @ https://www.jstor.org/stable/25027934

London, Jack. 1994. The Assassination Bureau, Ltd. Completed by Robert L. Fish from Notes by Jack London. With an Introduction by Donald E. Pease. New York NY: Penguin Books USA Inc., Penguin Books.

London, Jack. 1982. "Koolau the Leper." Pages 883-898. In Jack London Novels & Stories: The Call of the Wild White Fang The Sea-Wolf Short Stories." New York NY: Library Classics of the United States, Inc.

Macdonald-Kainoa, Liana. 9 December 2020. "Mōʻike: Dream Interpretation." 'Akahiao Nature Institute > Blog > [Page] 3 [of 4].
Available @ https://www.akahiao.org/single-post/m%C5%8D%CA%BBike-dream-interpretation

Marquez, Sebastian. 26 June 2013. "Getting to know your Hawaiian Lobeliads #25: Delissea kauaiensis." Studia mirabilium.
Available @ https://studiamirabilium.com/2013/06/26/getting-to-know-your-hawaiian-lobeliads-25-delissea-kauaiensis/

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2023. "Imiloa December 2023 Star Maps Ax Magnum PI Extracurricular Activities." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 December 2023. "Imiloa December Moon Phases Age Consciousness of Guilt on Magnum PI." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/12/imiloa-december-moon-phases-age.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 November 2023. "Run With the Devil Applies to Magnum PI and to Andromeda and Milky Way." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/11/run-with-devil-applies-to-magnum-pi-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 November 2023. "Imiloa November 2023 Sky Watch Assists The Retrieval on Magnum PI." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/11/imiloa-november-2023-sky-watch-assists.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 October 2023. "Night Has A Thousand Eyes on Magnum PI and Two October Star Families." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/night-has-thousand-eyes-on-magnum-pi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 October 2023. "Appetite for Danger on Magnum PI Arises Without Japanese Tiger Puffers." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/appetite-for-danger-on-magnum-pi-arises.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2023. "Kauai Archives Opaekaa Road Bridge During Three Bridges on Magnum PI." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/kauai-archives-opaekaa-road-bridge.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2023. "Charlie Foxtrot Applies to Magnum PI and to Hawaiian Home Lands." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/charlie-foxtrot-applies-to-magnum-pi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2023. "Out of Sight, Out of Mind on Magnum PI Are Not So For Kennedy Falconry." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/out-of-sight-out-of-mind-on-magnum-pi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 July 2023. "Are Moai Masks or Tiki Masks in La Mariana in Dark Skies on Magnum PI?" Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/are-moai-masks-or-tiki-masks-in-la.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2023. "Kahakumakaliua Aged to Haunani-Kay Trask Birthright Older Than Magnum PI." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/kahakumakaliua-aged-to-haunani-kay.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 July 2023. "Magnum PI and Twins Laieikawai and Laielohelohe Allow a Dead Ringer." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/magnum-pi-and-twins-laieikawai-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 July 2023. "Welcome to Paradise on Magnum PI Maybe Admits Akaakai Hawaiian Bulrush." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/welcome-to-paradise-on-magnum-pi-maybe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 June 2023. "Ahuawa Hawaiian Flatsedge Ameliorates What NSFW on Magnum PI Avoids." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/ahuawa-hawaiian-flatsedge-ameliorates.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2023. "Old Pali Road Whiskies Are Not in Magnum PI’s Number One With a Bullet." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/old-pali-road-whiskies-are-not-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2023. "Golden Apple Snails Affect The Breaking Point on Taro Not on Magnum PI." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/golden-apple-snails-affect-breaking.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 May 2023. "Haunani-Kay Trask Asked of All Birthright Affirmed by One on Magnum PI." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/haunani-kay-trask-asked-of-all.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 May 2023. "Kapolei Planned Community Appeals to The Passenger Abused in Magnum PI." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/kapolei-planned-community-maybe-aids.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 May 2023. "Punahou Twins, Unlike Dead Ringer on Magnum PI, Are Live Dead Ringers." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/punahou-twins-unlike-dead-ringer-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 May 2023. "Welcome to Paradise Alters Magnum PI, Like Ohia Rust on Nioi and Ohia." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/welcome-to-paradise-alters-magnum-pi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 May 2023. "NSFW on Magnum PI Never Applies to Cats With Toxoplasma Gondii." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/nsfw-on-magnum-pi-never-applies-to-cats.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 April 2023. "Punchbowl Cemetery Awaits No Number One With a Bullet on Magnum PI." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/punchbowl-cemetery-awaits-no-number-one.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 April 2023. "Charlie Foxtrot on Magnum PI Applies to Oha Kauai Leechleaf Delissea." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/charlie-foxtrot-on-magnum-pi-applies-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2023. "Out of Sight, Out of Mind on Magnum PI Applies to Haha Kiekie Delissea." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/out-of-sight-out-of-mind-on-magnum-pi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2023. "The Breaking Point Applies to Magnum PI and Oha Koolau Range Delissea." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/the-breaking-point-applies-to-magnum-pi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 April 2023. "Dark Skies Are Awful for Magnum PI and During the Lanai Meteorite." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/dark-skies-are-awful-for-magnum-pi-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 March 2023. "Royal Birthright Absents Itself From a Family Birthright on Magnum PI." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/royal-birthright-absents-itself-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2023. "Twins Kamanawa and Kameeiamoku Are Not the Dead Ringer on Magnum PI." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/twins-kamanawa-and-kameeiamoku-are-not.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2023. "Welcome to Paradise, Now Die! Applies to Magnum PI, Not Paradise Park." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/welcome-to-paradise-now-die-applies-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 March 2023. "NSFW on Magnum PI Never Applies to Ewa Hinahina Maui Chaff Flowers." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/nsfw-on-magnum-pi-never-applies-to-ewa.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 February 2023. "No Niuhi Tiger Shark Leiomano Arms Number One With a Bullet on Magnum PI." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/no-niuhi-tiger-shark-leiomano-arms.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2023. "The Breaking Point Applies to Magnum PI and to Oha Leechleaf Delissea." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/the-breaking-point-applies-to-magnum-pi_19.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2023. "Rock Doves, Rock Pigeons Maybe Are Like The Passenger on Magnum PI." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/rock-doves-rock-pigeons-maybe-are-like.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2023. "Moe Uhane Hawaiian Dreams as Spirit Sleep Aid Dream Lover on Magnum PI." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/moe-uhane-hawaiian-dreams-as-spirit.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2023. "Imiloa February 2023 Sky Watch Moon Phases Aid Magnum PI Island Vibes." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 June 2022. "Magnum PI’s Til Death Apes Jack London’s The Assassination Bureau, Ltd." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/dream-lover-on-magnum-pi-airs-wehewehe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2022. "Imiloa March 2022 Moon Phases Activate Dead Man Walking on Magnum PI." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 February 2022. "Imiloa Star Maps Are Available During Texas Wedge on Magnum PI." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 January 2022. "Dream Lover on Magnum PI Airs Wehewehe Moe Uhano Dream Interpretation." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/dream-lover-on-magnum-pi-airs-wehewehe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 November 2021. "Devil on the Doorstep on Magnum PI Adds a Namesake Haunani-Kay Trask." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/devil-on-doorstep-on-magnum-pi-adds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 October 2021. "Molokai Never Allures Jack London or The Harder They Fall on Magnum PI." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/molokai-never-allures-jack-london-or.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 October 2021. "Music and Other Sound Vibrations Account for Island Vibes on Magnum PI." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/music-and-other-sound-vibrations.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 May 2021. "Akoko Hawaiian Beach Sandmat Allows Ties Blooded as Magnum’s Bloodline." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/akoko-hawaiian-beach-sandmat-allows.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 May 2021. "Alala Hawaiian Chanting Heralds Avenge, Like Magnum’s Before the Fall." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/alala-hawaiian-chanting-heralds-avenge.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 April 2021. "Alala Hawaiian Crow Project Aims Align With Magnum’s Whispers of Death." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/alala-hawaiian-crow-project-aims-align.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 April 2021. "Alala Hawaiian Crows Are Adept At Alarm Calls for Magnum’s Cry Murder." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/alala-hawaiian-crows-are-adept-at-alarm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 April 2021. "Ilio Hawaiian Poi Dogs Antedate Service Dogs on Magnum’s Dark Harvest." Earth and Space News. Satuday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/ilio-hawaiian-poi-dogs-antedate-service.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 March 2021. "Alahee and Mock-Orange Are, Like Magnum’s The Lies We Tell, Lookalikes." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/alahee-and-mock-orange-are-like-magnums.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2021. "Kaunaoa Kahakai Hawaiian Dodder Avoids Guilt on Magnum’s Long Way Home." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/kaunaoa-kahakai-hawaiian-dodder-avoids.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 February 2021. "Solar Power, Not Revenge Against Magnum, Acts as Big Payback in Hawaii" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/solar-power-not-revenge-against-magnum.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 February 2021. "Alae'ula Hawaiian Moorhens Add up to Magnum's Someone to Watch Over Me." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/alaeula-hawaiian-moorhens-add-up-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 February 2021. "Huakai Po Nightmarchers Act Unlike Magnum's Killer on the Midnight Shift." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/huakai-po-nightmarchers-act-unlike.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2021. "Aumakua Omaomao Hawaiian Moths Actualize Magnum's Tell No One." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/aumakua-omaomao-hawaiian-moths.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 January 2021. "Yellow-Bellied Sea Snakes Ape a Bit Magnum's Day Danger Walked In." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/yellow-bellied-sea-snakes-ape-bit.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 January 2021. "Coconut Oil Arms Hawaiian Martial Arts for Magnum's First the Beatdown." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/coconut-oil-arms-hawaiian-martial-arts.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 January 2021. "Kokio Keokeo Oahu White Hibiscus Allies Magnum's Bad Day and Farewell." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/kokio-keokeo-oahu-white-hibiscus-allies.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2020. "Barking Sands Beach and Magnum's No Way Out Sometimes Are Under Attack." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/barking-sands-beach-and-magnums-no-way.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2020. "Kiawe Trees Perhaps Ally Magnum's Easy Money With the Niihau Incident." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/kiawe-trees-perhaps-ally-magnums-easy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 December 2020. "Ohelo Ai Hawaiian Blueberries Are Iconic for Magnum's Double Jeopardy." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/ohelo-ai-hawaiian-blueberries-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 November 2020. "Lahaina Banyan Figs Are Not on Magnum’s The Day It All Came Together." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/11/lahaina-banyan-figs-are-not-on-magnums.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 November 2020. "Lauwiliwili Lemon Butterflyfish Attend Magnum’s Day the Past Came Back." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/11/lauwiliwili-lemon-butterflyfish-attend.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 August 2020. "Inamona Hawaiian Salted Nut Sauce Actuates Magnum’s Day of the Viper." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/inamona-hawaiian-salted-nut-sauce.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 August 2020. "Kawailoa Activities Antedate Magnum’s Winner Takes All Jan. 20, 2019." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/kawailoa-activities-antedate-magnums.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2020. "Konane Assuages, Like Chess on Magnum's Blood in the Water." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/konane-assuages-like-chess-on-magnums.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 August 2020. "Uhi Hawaiian Tattoos Acquit Magnum’s The Woman Who Never Died." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/uhi-hawaiian-tattoos-acquit-magnums.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 August 2020. "Hinahina Beach Heliotrope Abhors Bombs on Magnum’s Nowhere to Hide." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/hinahina-beach-heliotrope-abhors-bombs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 August 2020. "Lapis on Magnum’s Six Paintings Acts Like Silver on The Night Has Eyes." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/lapis-on-magnums-six-paintings-acts.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 May 2020. "'Uki'uki Hawaiian Lilies Aid Memory on Magnum PI's The Ties That Bind." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/ukiuki-hawaiian-lilies-aid-memory-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 May 2020. "Orange Tabby Cats Act Like and Unlike Magnum's A Leopard on the Prowl." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/orange-tabby-cats-act-like-and-unlike.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 May 2020. "Mahoe Tree Fruits Are Sweet As Pies on Magnum's May the Best One Win." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/mahoe-tree-fruits-are-sweet-as-pies-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 May 2020. "Pioeoe Purple Rock Barnacles Age Ships on Magnum's I Saw the Sun Rise." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/pioeoe-purple-rock-barnacles-age-ships.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 May 2020. "Wahiawa Botanical Garden Awes As Magnum's A World of Trouble Alarms." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/wahiawa-botanical-garden-awes-as.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 April 2020. "Mamaki Tea, Not Coffee on Magnum's The Night Has Eyes, Aids Alertness." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/mamaki-tea-not-coffee-on-magnums-night.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 April 2020. "Tiger Mosquitoes Annoy Magnum's Death Is Only Temporary and Farewell to Love." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/tiger-mosquitoes-annoy-magnums-death-is.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2020. "Maui's Fishhook Manaiakalani Arrived After Magnum's Farewell to Love." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/mauis-fishhook-manaiakalani-arrived.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2020. "Olive Ridley Sea Turtles Are Helped by Magnum’s Murder Is Never Quiet." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/uhi-hawaiian-tattoos-acquit-magnums.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 April 2020. "Kamehameha Butterflies Perhaps Are on Magnum's Say Hello to Your Past." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/kamehameha-butterflies-perhaps-are-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 February 2020. "Hawaiian House Mice Are Not Playing Magnum's A Game of Cat and Mouse." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/hawaiian-house-mice-are-not-playing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 January 2020. "Iliahi Forest Sandalwood Aims at What Magnum's Black Is the Widow Aims." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/iliahi-forest-sandalwood-aims-at-what.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 January 2020. "Beach Naupaka Are Security Hedges for Magnum's Mondays Are For Murder." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/beach-naupaka-are-security-hedges-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2020. "Hoi Hawaiian Bitter Yams Are Symbols for Magnum's Desperate Measures." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/hoi-hawaiian-bitter-yams-are-symbols.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2019. "Kauna'oa Devil Dodder Abides Around Magnum's Day I Met the Devil." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/kaunaoa-devil-dodder-abides-around.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 December 2019. "Kauna'oa Hawaiian Red Algae Affirm Aspects of Magnum's Blood Brothers." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/kaunaoa-hawaiian-red-algae-affirm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 November 2019. "Ka'upu Black-Footed Albatrosses Avert Magnum's A Bullet Named Fate." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/kaupu-black-footed-albatrosses-avert.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2019. "Maiapilo Hawaiian Capers Are Absent from Magnum's He Came by Night." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/maiapilo-hawaiian-capers-are-absent.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 November 2019. "Lama Hawaiian Ebony Persimmon Augurs Magnum's Man in the Secret Room." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/lama-hawaiian-ebony-persimmon-augurs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 November 2019. "Milo Pacific Rosewood Applies Five-0's All Knowledge to Magnum's Lie." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/milo-pacific-rosewood-applies-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 October 2019. "Hawaiian Hoary Bats Acquit Five-0's Ghosts, Magnum's Make It 'Til Dawn." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/hawaiian-hoary-bats-acquit-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 October 2019. "Molassesgrass Appalls Five-0's Tiny Is the Flower, Magnum's Dead Inside." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/molassesgrass-appalls-five-0s-tiny-is.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2019. "Akohekohe Honeycreepers Attack Like Magnum PI's Knight Lasts Forever." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/akohekohe-honeycreepers-attack-like.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 October 2019. "Hawaiian Quilts Are More Cryptic Than Magnum PI's Honor Among Thieves." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/hawaiian-quilts-are-more-cryptic-than.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2019. "Ti Tree Root Okolehao Applies To Magnum PI's Payback Is For Beginners." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/ti-tree-root-okolehao-applies-to-magnum.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 September 2019. "Yellow Fever Mosquitoes Air a Killer on Magnum's A Kiss Before Dying." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/yellow-fever-mosquitoes-air-killer-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 September 2019. "Hawaii Mamo Feathers Are Like Gold Necklaces on Magnum’s Die He Said." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/hawaii-mamo-feathers-are-like-gold.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 September 2019. "Koloa Maoli Hawaiian Ducks Are One Duck Less on Magnum's Sudden Death." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/koloa-maoli-hawaiian-ducks-are-one-duck.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2019. "Makou Hawaiian Buttercups Add No Aconitine to Magnum's I, the Deceased." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/makou-hawaiian-buttercups-add-no.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2018. "Makiawa Hawaiian Sardines Appease Magnum PI's The Cat Who Cried Wolf." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/makiawa-hawaiian-sardines-appease.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 October 2018. "Hawaiian Dolphinfish Mahi-Mahi Abide by Magnum PI's From the Head Down." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/hawaiian-dolphinfish-mahi-mahi-abide-by.html

McGregor, Davianna Pōmaika'i. "Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana'ole Hawaiian Ali'i & Congressional Delegate." Pages 1-2. In: Biography Hawai'i: Five Lives. A Series of Public Remembrances. Honolulu HI: Center for Biographical Research, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.
Available @ https://web.archive.org/web/20140606231637/http://www.hawaii.edu/biograph/pdf/kuhioguide.pdf

Melanie. "Falcons in Hawaii (Are There Any?)." Bird Feeder Hub. Copyrighted 2023.
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Nagata, Kenneth M. 1985. "Early Plant Introductions in Hawai'i." The Hawaiian Journal of History 19: 35-61.
Available @ https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/5014396.pdf

"NSFW." Magnum PI. New York City NY: National Broadcasting Company, May 7, 2023; March 5, 2023.

"Number One With a Bullet." Magnum PI. New York City NY: National Broadcasting Company, June 8, 2023; April 30, 2023; Feb. 26, 2023.

"October 2023 Sky Watch." 'Imiloa Astronomy Center > Education & Outreach > Sky Charts & Sky Watch.
Available @ https://imiloahawaii.org/sky-charts

"Out of Sight, Out of Mind." Magnum PI. New York City NY: National Broadcasting Company, July 27, 2023; April 16, 2023.

Pet Place Staff. 10 December 2014. "The Story of How Robert J. Kennedy Jr. Became a Bird Rehabilitator." PetPlace > Breeds > Small Pet Breeds > Birds Small Pet Breeds. Copyrighted 1999-2023 by Independence America Holdings Corp.
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Prato, Liz. Spring 2017. "A Haole Guide to Hawaiian Taxonomy." Baltimore Review > Space for Expression.
Available @ https://baltimorereview.org/spring_2017/contributor/liz-prato

Shao, K.; Liu, M.; Jing, L.; Hardy, G.; Leis, J.L.; & Matsuura, K. 2014. "Takifugu rubripes." The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T193612A2247747. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T193612A2247747.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/193612/2247747

"Til Death." Magnum PI. New York City NY: National Broadcasting Company, June 3, 2022; Nov. 5, 2021.

"Welcome to Paradise." Magnum PI. New York City NY: National Broadcasting Company, June 29, 2023; May 14, 2023; March 12, 2023.

Yelp. “Top 10 Best Night Golf Near Honolulu, Hawaii.” Yelp > Active Life > Night Golf > Honolulu, HI. Copyright 2004-2023.
Available @ https://www.yelp.com/search?find_desc=Night+Golf&find_loc=Honolulu%2C+HI&start=0

Yuen, Leileihua. "Kaulana Mahina - The Hawaiian Lunar Calendar." Ka'ahele Hawaii Writing for and about Hawai'i since 1993 > Ka Moomeheu o Hawaii - The Culture of Hawaii > Ao Hōkū - Hawaiian Astronomy.
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