Isabel Resides in Southwestern Mare Imbrium on Lunar Near Side

Summary: Isabel resides in southwestern Mare Imbrium on the lunar near side as a northwest quadrant craterlet with closest neighbors Louise, Samir and Walter.

Detail of Near Side Shaded Relief and Color-Coded Topography Map shows Isabel's (lower center) Delisle-Diophantus neighborhood in lunar near side's southwestern Mare Imbrium: USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Isabel resides in southwestern Mare Imbrium on the lunar near side in a northwestern quadrant quartet, formed with Louise, Samir and Walter and located between Delisle and Diophantus.

Isabel is centered at 28.18 degrees north latitude, minus 34.07 degrees west longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union's (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The northwestern quadrant crater's northernmost and southernmost latitudes are given as 28.2 degrees north and 28.16 degrees north, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes are identified as minus 34.04 degrees west and minus 34.09 degrees west, respectively. Isabel has a diameter of 1.22 kilometers.

Isabel is sited in Mare Imbrium's southwestern fringes. The craterlet's location places it to the east of the highland break that distinguishes the meeting of east central Oceanus Procellarum with west central Mare Imbrium. The moon's dark, basaltic plains are designated as maria (Latin: mare, "sea"; maria, "seas"). Procellarum's immensity qualifies it for the unique designation of oceanus, defined by the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature's Descriptor Terms (Feature Types) webpage as: "A very large dark area on the moon."

Mare Imbrium ("Sea of Showers") is centered at 34.72 degrees north latitude, minus 14.91 degrees west longitude. The dark, basaltic plain achieves northernmost and southernmost latitudes of 51.46 degrees north and 15.23 degrees north, respectively. It obtains easternmost and westernmost longitudes of 8.56 degrees east and minus 38.36 degrees west, respectively. Mare Imbrium's diameter spans 1,145.53 kilometers.

Isabel forms a quartet with as the craterlet's nearest named craterous neighbors in southwestern Mare Imbrium. Located to the northwest of Isabel, Samir and Louise anchor the quartet's northern end. Samir lies to the west of Louise. Lying to Isabel's southeast, Walter marks the quartet's southern end.

Samir is centered at 28.5 degrees north latitude, minus 34.29 degrees west longitude. It finds its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 28.54 degrees north and 28.47 degrees north, respectively. The craterlet establishes its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 34.25 degrees west and minus 34.32 degrees west, respectively. Samir has a diameter of 1.86 kilometers.

Louise is centered at 28.49 degrees north latitude, minus 34.2 degrees west longitude. The craterlet posts northernmost and southernmost latitudes of 28.5 degrees north and 28.48 degrees north, respectively. It marks its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 34.18 degrees west and minus 34.21 degrees west, respectively. Louise has a diameter of 0.64 kilometers.

Walter is centered at 28.04 degrees north latitude, minus 33.81 degrees west longitude. The craterlet's northernmost and southernmost latitudes occur at 28.07 degrees north and 28.02 degrees north, respectively. It places its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 33.79 degrees west and minus 33.83 degrees west, respectively. Walter has a diameter of 1.26 kilometers.

The quartet of Samir, Louise, Isabel and Walter lies between Delisle and Diophantus. Delisle Crater neighbors to the north of the quartet. Diophantus Crater is positioned to the south.

Delisle Crater is centered at 29.98 degrees north latitude, minus 34.68 degrees west longitude. The lunar impact crater records northernmost and southernmost latitudes of 30.39 degrees north and 29.57 degrees north. It registers its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 34.2 degrees west and minus 35.15 degrees west, respectively. Delisle's diameter measures 24.83 kilometers.

Diophantus Crater is centered at 27.62 degrees north latitude, minus 34.3 degrees west longitude. The lunar impact crater obtains northernmost and southernmost latitudes of 27.91 degrees north and 27.33 degrees north, respectively. It establishes its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at minus 33.97 degrees west and minus 34.62 degrees west, respectively. Diophantus Crater's diameter measures 17.57 kilometers.

Isabel numbers among 95 minor features identified with first-name designations on lunar topophotomaps prepared and published by The Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Isabel is plotted on NASA Lunar Topophotomap 39B2S1, which was published in September 1976. The map's Names Information lists "Isabel, Louise, Rima Brahms, Samir, Walter" as "provisional names pending IAU approval."

The International Astronomical Union approved Isabel as the craterlet's name in 1979. The Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature explains Isabel as: "Spanish female name."

Detail of Lunar Aeronautical Chart (LAC) 39 shows Isabel's (lower center) Delisle-Diophantus neighborhood in southwestern Mare Imbrium: image credit NASA/GSFC/ASU, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Detail of Near Side Shaded Relief and Color-Coded Topography Map shows Isabel's (lower center) Delisle-Diophanthus neighborhood in southwestern Mare Imbrium: USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/moon_nearside.pdf

Detail of Lunar Aeronautical Chart (LAC) 39 shows Isabel's (lower center) Delisle-Diophantus neighborhood in southeastern Mare Imbrium: image credit NASA/GSFC/ASU, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Lunar/lac_39_wac.pdf

For further information:

Andersson, Leif E.; and Ewen A. Whitaker. NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature. NASA Reference Publication 1097. Hampton VA: NASA Scientific and Technical Information Branch, October 1982.
Available via NASA NTRS (NASA Technical Reports Server) @ https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19830003761/downloads/19830003761.pdf

Consolmagno, Guy; and Dan M. Davis. Turn Left at Orion. Fourth edition. Cambridge UK; New York NY: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

The Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center. "Lunar Topophotomap Samir." National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lunar Topophotomap Edition 1 Sheet 39B2S1 (25). Washington DC: The Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center, September 1976.
Available @ https://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/mapcatalog/topophoto/39B2S1/150dpi.jpg

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Delisle.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1472

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Diophantus.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1543

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Isabel.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/2722

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Louise.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3483

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Mare Imbrium.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3678

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Samir.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5294

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Target: The Moon.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/MOON/target

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Walter.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6482

Levy, David H. Skywatching. Revised and updated. San Francisco CA: Fog City Press, 1994.

Marriner, Derdriu. "Akis Craterlet Resides in Southwestern Mare Imbrium on Lunar Near Side." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Aug. 3, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/akis-craterlet-resides-in-southwestern.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Annegrit Craterlet Lies in Southwest Mare Imbrium on Lunar Near Side." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Aug. 10, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/annegrit-craterlet-lies-in-southwest.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Artemis Craterlet Lies in Southwestern Mare Imbrium on Lunar Near Side." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Aug. 17, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/artemis-craterlet-lies-in-southwestern.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Courtney Resides in Southwestern Mare Imbrium on Lunar Near Side." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Aug. 24, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/courtney-resides-in-southwestern-mare.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Dorsum Thera Resides in Southwestern Mare Imbrium on Lunar Near Side." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, July 27, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/dorsum-thera-resides-in-southwestern.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Lunar Topophotomap Minor Feature Names Were Approved in 1976 and 1979." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, July 20, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/lunar-topophotomap-minor-feature-names.html

The Moon Wiki. “Delisle.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > D Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Delisle

The Moon Wiki. “Diophantus.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > D Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Diophantus

The Moon Wiki. “Isabel.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > I Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Isabel

The Moon Wiki. “Louise.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > L Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Louise

The Moon Wiki. “Mare Imbrium.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > I Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Imbrium,_Mare

The Moon Wiki. “Samir.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > S Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Samir

The Moon Wiki. “Walter.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > W Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Walter

Moore, Patrick, Sir. Astronomy Encyclopedia: An A-Z Guide to the Universe. New York NY: Oxford University Press, Inc., 2002.

Moore, Patrick, Sir. Philip’s Atlas of the Universe. Revised edition. London UK: Philip’s, 2005.

Müller, E. (Edith A.); and A. (Arnost), Jappel, eds. XVIth General Assembly -- Transactions of the IAU Vol. XVI B Proceedings of the 16th General Assembly Grenoble, France, August 24-September 21, 1976. Washington DC: Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Jan. 1, 1977.
Available @ https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/transactions_b/

Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died, Alludes to Thorsteinn Th. Thorsteinsson

Summary: Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died, first thriller in the stand-alone novels trilogy authored by Ragnar Jónasson, alludes to Thorsteinn Th. Thorsteinsson.

Þorsteinn Þ. Þorsteinsson (Nov. 11, 1879-Dec. 23, 1955), Romanized Thorsteinn Th. Thorsteinsson, appeals to his fellow Icelandic Canadians as an essayist, historian of Icelandic settlements in western Canada, painter, lyricist, poet and short story writer. He fictitiously attracts the attention of an entire, 12-person village through his Lullaby assuaging Þrá, Romanized Thrá ("desire, longing, yearning") in Þorpið, Romanized Thorpid, anglicized The Girl Who Died, by Ragnar Jónasson: CC BY SA 4.0 International, via IMSLP Petrucci Music Library

Thorpid, literally The Village but non-literally anglicized as The Girl Who Died, first thriller in three stand-alone novels by Ragnar Jónasson, alludes to a lullaby by Icelandic Canadian author Thorsteinn Th. Thorsteinsson.

The first stand-alone thriller begins with four lines, on front-matter page ix, by Thorsteinn Th. Thorsteinsson (Nov. 11, 1879-Dec. 23, 1955), Romanized from Þorsteinn Þ. Þorsteinsson. Thorsteinn Th. Thorsteinsson (“thunder stone’s son”) calls his poem to coax the child Thrá (“desire, longing, yearning”) to close her eyes for bedtime or naptime Lullaby. The name fictitiously designates the seven-year-old Thrá (1920-1927) who dies from drinking rat-poisoned milk and dwells as an audible, visible ghost at her Skálar death place.

Sometimes all four lines, sometimes two lines from the Thorsteinsson lullaby ease into the Jónasson plot, on pages 2, 4, 84, 96, 221, 283 and 286.

Her mother at first fancies the Thorsteinsson lullaby as a favorite that she fit into night-time singing to fill the young Una (“happy) with sleepy feelings.

The lullaby generates a telephone call to Una from her mother, who gathered Davíd Stefánsson (Jan. 21, 1895-March 1, 1964) poetry to guide Una to sleep. The Stefánsson Sleep Song has the same second line as the Thorsteinsson Lullaby but the first, third and fourth to a baby, blue-eyed and not crying. The Thorsteinsson lullaby perhaps invokes Canada on the Atlantic Ocean’s west side or Iceland on the Atlantic Ocean’s east side when it identifies sunlit, transoceanic lands.

Thorsteinn Th. Thorsteinsson journeyed from Svarfadardalur, northeast Iceland, to Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, from whence his Lullaby journeyed to Þorpið, Romanized Thorpid, anglicized The Girl Who Died.

Icelandic Canadians know the Svarfadardalur (“desolator, 70-man troop, sweeper valley”) native as essayist, historian of Icelandic settlements in western Canada, painter, poet and short story writer.

They laud his five-volume Saga Íslendinga í Vesturheimi (History of the Icelanders in the Western World) through Winnipeg (Thjódraeknisfélag Íslendinga í Vesturheimi) and Reykjavík (Bókaútgáfa menningarsjóds). Tryggvi Julius Oleson (May 4, 1912-Oct. 9, 1963), University of Manitoba Professor of History, managed the fourth and the fifth volumes, which mentioned Icelanders settling Winnipeg. Heimskringla (“the world’s circle”) magazine, Hecla (“[stratovolcano’s misty] cloak”) Press and Western Icelandic Short Stories respectively netted the Thorsteinsson Lullaby, Episodes and In Days of Yore.

Þorpið, Romanized Thorpid, anglicized The Girl Who Died, offers on page 4 Lullu-bía litla Þrá, with music by Evan Fein and lyrics by Thorsteinn Th. Thorsteinsson.

The Svarfadardalur native provided the eight-line lyrics to the Órar (“delusion, fantasy”) composition, performable a cappella (“in the chapel style”), of 1904 by Jónas Pálsson (1874-?).

The secular hymn for four voices (one soprano, one alto, one tenor, one bass) quests the meaning of life in a beautiful field with fragrant flowers. Thorstein lyrics regale soprano, alto, bass, tenor and bass singers of a romantic composition realized in 1921 by Jón (“gracious God”) Friðfinnsson (“friendship, peace wanderer’s son”). They structure the Fridfinnson (Aug. 16, 1865-Dec. 16, 1936) music score for mixed chorus, piano and voice into Nýársvísur til Íslands (“New Year’s Wishes to Iceland”).

Thorsteinn Th. Thorsteinsson treasured one Thrá even as Þorpið, Romanized Thorpid, anglicized The Girl Who Died, treasures another Thrá, more tenuous, both less and more temporal.

Thorsteinsson approached western Canada as a young native son of Svarfaðardalur ("[warlord Svörfuður's] Svorfudur's valley"), Romanized Svarfadardalur, in Canada. Svarfadardalur archives cultural importance from early settlement in the ninth century by Ljótólfur goði Alreksson, Romanized Ljótólfur ("shining wolf") godi ("priest") Alreksson ("all mighty's son"), in the eastern valley and Þorsteinn svarfaður Rauðsson, Romanized Thorsteinn ("thunder stone") svarfadur ("warlord") Raudsson ("red's son"), in the western valley. It assumes political importance as Dalvíkurbyggd ("valley-bay settlement") municipality component in the Nordurland eystra ("Northeastern Region") of the Nordausturkjördæmi ("Northeast Constituency"); March 2, 2000, image of Svarfaðardalur: Arni Hjartarson, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Þorsteinn Þ. Þorsteinsson (Nov. 11, 1879-Dec. 23, 1955), Romanized Thorsteinn Th. Thorsteinsson, appeals to his fellow Icelandic Canadians as an essayist, historian of Icelandic settlements in western Canada, painter, lyricist, poet and short story writer. He fictitiously attracts the attention of an entire, 12-person village through his Lullaby assuaging Þrá, Romanized Thrá ("desire, longing, yearning") in Þorpið, Romanized Thorpid, anglicized The Girl Who Died, by Ragnar Jónasson: CC BY SA 4.0 International, via IMSLP Petrucci Music Library @ https://imslp.org/wiki/File:ThorsteinnThThorsteinsson.jpg

Thorsteinsson approached western Canada as a young native son of Svarfaðardalur ("[warlord Svörfuður's] Svorfudur's valley"), Romanized Svarfadardalur, in Canada. Svarfadardalur archives cultural importance from early settlement in the ninth century by Ljótólfur goði Alreksson, Romanized Ljótólfur ("shining wolf") godi ("priest") Alreksson ("all mighty's son"), in the eastern valley and Þorsteinn svarfaður Rauðsson, Romanized Thorsteinn ("thunder stone") svarfadur ("warlord") Raudsson ("red's son"), in the western valley. It assumes political importance as Dalvíkurbyggd ("valley-bay settlement") municipality component in the Nordurland eystra ("Northeastern Region") of the Nordausturkjördæmi ("Northeast Constituency"); March 2, 2000, image of Svarfaðardalur: Arni Hjartarson, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Svarfadardalur.jpg

For further information:

"About Us." Westfjords Winery.
Available @ https://www.fjordswinery.com/aboutus

Amazing Places. 21 August 2012. "Ellidaey Island (Elliðaey), Iceland." Amazing Places on Earth, Places to Visit > Europe.
Available @ https://amazingplacesonearth.com/ellidaey-island-ellidaey-iceland/

Árnað heilla. 28 August 2015. "Freysteinn Gunnarsson." mbl.is > The People > Means Icelanders.
Available @ https://www-mbl-is.translate.goog/greinasafn/grein/1565665/?_x_tr_sl=is&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc

Baicich, Paul J.; and Colin J.O. Harrison. 2005. "Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus)." Pages 109-110. In: Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds. Princeton Field Guides. Second edition. Princeton NJ USA; and Oxford UK: Princeton University Press.

Bernard, Kristine. 6 August 2020. "The Top Coffee-Consuming Countries." Worldatlas.com.
Available @ https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-10-coffee-consuming-nations.html

Bjarnadóttir-Covert, Ásta; and Will Covert. "Bessa: bear." Flying C Ranch Icelandic Horses > Site Map > Sales > Icelandic Horse Names > B. Copyright 2004-2021.
Available @ https://www.tolt.net/names.html#b

Blackie, C. “Scale, Skali (Scand.), Sheal, Shealing (Scotch), a hut or shed; e.g. Scalby, Scaleby (hut town); Scalloway (the huts on the bay, vig), Shetland; Galashiels (the huts on the R. Gala); Biggarshiels (the huts near the town of Biggar); Shields, North and South, originally a collection of fishermen’s huts; but as scald, in the Scandinavian language means a bard, that word is likely to form an element in the names of places; Scalewell in probably the bard’s well; Skalholt, in Iceland, may be the bard’s hill.” Pages 141-142. In: C. Blackie, Etymological Dictionary. With an Introduction by John Stuart Blackie. Second Edition. London [England, UK]: Daldy, Isbister, & Co., 1876.
Available via Google Books @ https://books.google.com/books?id=Wf4xAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA142

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopedia. 8 January 2022. "Einar Benediktsson." Encyclopedia Britannica.
Available @ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Einar-Benediktsson

CarlDennis. "Freysteinn Gunnarsson." SecondHandSongs > Database > Artists > Search. Copyright 2003-2022.
Available @ https://secondhandsongs.com/artist/133401

Casey, Brendan. 31 December 2020. "World's Loneliest House: Home on Island Near Iceland Is One of Most Isolated Properties in the Globe." realestate.com.au > News.
Available @ https://www.realestate.com.au/news/worlds-loneliest-house-home-on-island-near-iceland-is-one-of-most-isolated-properties-in-the-globe/

Chantegrel, Géraldine. "Jeux de mots glacés: entretien avec Jean-Christophe Salaün." Pages 131-137. In: Traduire 246/2015 Intraduisible? Vous voulez rire! OpenEdition Journals.
Available @ https://journals.openedition.org/traduire/711

Choi, Sophia. 31 August 2015. “Food for Thought: The Icelandic Apple.” ThisIsMold.com > Process > Manufacture > Nutrition.
Available @ https://thisismold.com/process/manufacture/food-for-thought-the-icelandic-apple

Cole, Cathy G. 10 June 2019. "Ragnar Jónasson at The Poisoned Pen!" Kittling: Books > Authors at The Poisoned Pen > J > Jónasson, Ragnar.
Available @ https://www.kittlingbooks.com/2019/06/ragnar-jonasson-at-poisoned-pen.html

Crowden, James. 24 October 2009. “Icelandic Apples.” Fruit Forum edited by Joan Morgan > Articles.
Available @ http://www.fruitforum.net/articles/icelandic-apples/

"David Warriner, Literary Translator (French to English)." Traduction W Translation Inc > W Translation.
Available @ https://wtranslation.ca/en/#header

DeMarco, Amanda. 11 October 2011. "Bjartur-Verold: Selling Icelandic Literature Abroad." Publishing Perspectives > Frankfurt 2011.
Available @ https://publishingperspectives.com/2011/10/bjartur-verold-selling-icelandic-literature-abroad/

"The Distillery." 64° Reykjavik Distillery.
Available @ https://reykjavikdistillery.is/#DISTILLERY

Ebert, Dick. 2022. "Einar Benediktsson Statue in Reykjavík, Iceland." Encircle Photos.
Available @ https://www.encirclephotos.com/image/einar-benediktsson-statue-in-reykjavik-iceland/

"Einarsson, S - Fjallkonan (Freysteinn Gunnarsson)." prestomusic > Classical > Works > Browse. Copyright 2022.
Available @ https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/works/12470--einarsson-s-fjallkonan-freysteinn-gunnarsson/browsebr />

Elefsen, Anita; Steinunn M. Sveinsdóttir; Örlygur Kristfinnsson; Quentin Bates. 2018. Siglufjörður-Ljósmyndir/Photographs 1872-2018. Síldarminjasafn Íslands.

Flatley, Louise. 29 March 2019. "Story Behind the Tiny House on a Remote Icelandic Island." The Vintage News > News > 2019/03/29.
Available @ https://www.thevintagenews.com/2019/03/29/isolated-island-in-iceland/

Flosas, Hörður. 21 February 2021. "Jóhann Jónsson." Find a Grave > Memorials > Region > Europe > Iceland > Vesturland > Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður. Memorial 223356907 by Contributor 47560915.
Available @ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/223356907/j%C3%B3hann-j%C3%B3nsson

“Freysteinn Gunnarsson.” Geni > People > Search Ancestors. Copyright 2002-2022.
Available @ https://www-geni-com.translate.goog/people/Freysteinn-Gunnarsson/6000000031385382172?_x_tr_sl=is&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc

"Gráskeggur means Greybeard." Graskeggur.
Available @ https://graskeggur.com/

Guðmundsson, Magnús. 30 October 2018. "One of Those Eccentrics Who Come to Iceland and Fall in Love with the Language." Icelandic Literature Center > News.
Available @ https://www.islit.is/en/news/one-of-these-eccentrics-who-came-to-iceland-and-fell-in-love-with-the-language

Gunnarsdóttir, Halla. "Sculpture/Halla Gunnarsdóttir." Pinterest.
Available @ https://www.pinterest.com/HallaGunnarsdottir/sculpturehalla-gunnarsd%C3%B3ttir/

"Gunnarsson, Freysteinn." World Cat Identities. Copyright 2022.
Available @ http://www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-177938357/

Hálfdánarson, Guðmundur. 2008. Historical Dictionary of Iceland. Second Edition. Lanham MD: Scarecrow Press, Inc., subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
Available @ https://www.google.com/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Iceland/uoIG6bbP32IC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR17&printsec=frontcover

"Halla Gunnarsdóttir." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/hallagunnars/

"Halla Gunnarsdóttir." Listasafn > English.
Available @ https://listasafnreykjavikur.is/en/artist/halla-gunnarsdottir

"Halla Gunnarsdóttir." Saatchi Art.
Available @ https://www.saatchiart.com/hallagunnars

"hallagunnarsdottir." Instagram.
Available @ https://www.instagram.com/hallagunnarsdottir/?hl=en

Hermannsson, Halldór. 1924. “Jón Guðmundsson and His Natural History of Iceland.” Islandica: An Annual Relating to Iceland and the Fiske Icelandic Collection in Cornell University Library, Vol. XV. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Library.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/IslandicaAnnual15/page/n11/mode/2up

Höfundar Wikipediu. 6 mars 2021. "Einar Benediktsson". Wikipedia, Frjálsa alfræðiritið.
Available @ https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einar_Benediktsson

“The Icelandic Apple.” Domus > En > News > 06 Jul 2015 > The Icelandic Apple Abstract.
Available @ https://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2015/07/06/the_icelandic_apple.html

Irujo, Xabier; and Viola Miglio. (Eds.) Jón Gudmundsson Laerdi’s True Account and the Massacre of Basque Whalers in Iceland in 1615. Reno NV: Center for Basque Studies, University of Nevada.

Jain, Sanya. 18 December 2020. "The Story Behind the 'World's Loneliest House'." NDTV > Offbeat.
Available @ https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/the-story-behind-the-worlds-loneliest-house-2340575

"Jean-Christophe Salaün." Icelandic Literature Center > Translators.
Available @ https://www.islit.is/en/translators/jacek-godek-1

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2022. Outside. Translation of Úti (2021) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, June 28, 2022.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2021. The Girl Who Died. Translation of Þorpið (2018) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, May 4, 2021.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2021. Winterkill. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 6. Translation of Sigló (2020), French edition of Vetrarmein (2020) by David Warriner. New York NY: Minotaur Books, March 1, 2021.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2020. The Mist. Hidden Iceland (Hulda) series, book 3. Translation of Mistur (2017) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, June 23, 2020.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2020. Whiteout. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 5. Translation of Andköf (2013) by Quentin Bates. London UK: Orenda Books, Jan. 1, 2020.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2019. The Island. Hidden Iceland (Hulda) series, book 2. Translation of Drungi (2016) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, May 21, 2019.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2019. The Rupture. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 4. Translation of Rof (2012) by Quentin Bates. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Jan. 22, 2019.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2018. The Darkness. Hidden Iceland (Hulda) series, book 1. Translation of Dimma (2015) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Oct. 16, 2018.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2018. Blackout. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 3. Translation of Myrknætti (2011) by Quentin Bates. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Aug. 28, 2018.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2017. Nightblind. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 2. Translation of Náttblinda (2014) by Quentin Bates. New York NY: Minotaur Books, December 5, 2017.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2017. Whiteout. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 5. Translation of Andköf (2013) by Quentin Bates. London UK: Orenda Books, Nov. 1, 2017.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2017. Snowblind. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 1. Translation of Snjóblinda (2010) by Quentin Bates. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Jan. 31, 2017.

Laxness, Halldór. "16 Icelandic Pioneer from Independent People (1934)." Pages 134-144. In: Kolbert, Elizabeth. (Ed.) 2007. The Ends of the Earth: Anthology of the Finest Writing on the Arctic. New York NY: Bloomsbury USA.

Liles, Jordan. 12 November 2021. "The 'World's Loneliest House': Elliðaey’s Myths Debunked." Snopes Media Group Inc. > Fact Checks > Viral Phenomena.
Available @ https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/worlds-loneliest-house-ellidaey/

Lindley, John. 1835. "12. Platanthera hyperborea." Page 287. In: The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants. London (England): Ridgways, April 1830 to October 1840.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/393547

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 August 2022. "Five Deaths Affect 16 Lives in Thorpid, Anglicized The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/five-deaths-affect-16-lives-in-thorpid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2022. "Ring Road Accesses Northeast Iceland for Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/ring-road-accesses-northeast-iceland.htm

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 August 2022. "Outside, Anglicized From Úti, Appends Party of Two." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/outside-anglicized-from-uti-appends.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 August 2022. "Outside, Anglicized From Úti, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/outside-anglicized-from-uti-accumulates.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 July 2022. "Icelandic Rock Ptarmigans Avoid Blizzards and Hunters in Outside." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/icelandic-rock-ptarmigans-avoid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 July 2022. "Veröld Accepted Icelandic Standalone Novel Úti, Anglicized Outside." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/verold-accepted-icelandic-standalone.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 July 2022. "Victoria Cribb Anglicizes Icelandic Standalone Novel Úti Into Outside." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/victoria-cribb-anglicizes-icelandic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 July 2022. "Victoria Cribb Anglicizes Icelandic Standalone Novel Úti Into Outside." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/four-friends-and-one-enemy-are-indoors.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 June 2022. "Adverse Weather Afflicts East Iceland in Outside, Anglicized From Úti." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/adverse-weather-afflicts-east-iceland.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 June 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized The Mist, Appends The Silence of the Falling Snow." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/mistur-anglicized-mist-appends-silence.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2022. "Mistur, as The Mist, Appends Christmas Apples by Katrín Guðjónsdóttir." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/mistur-as-mist-appends-christmas-apples.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized The Mist, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/mistur-anglicized-mist-accumulates.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2022. "Hulda Ate Icelandic Food Christmas Eve in Mistur, Anglicized The Mist." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/hulda-ate-icelandic-food-christmas-eve.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized The Mist, Acknowledges Halldór Laxness at Christmas." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/mistur-anglicized-mist-acknowledges.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized as The Mist, Acquaints Us With Olaf Olafsson." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/mistur-anglicized-as-mist-acquaints-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 May 2022. "Accidental and Violent Deaths Aggrieve Mistur, Anglicized as The Mist." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/accidental-and-violent-deaths-aggrieve.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized as The Mist, Angles Ring Road Along Coastal Iceland." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/mistur-anglicized-as-mist-angles-ring.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized The Island, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-island-accumulates.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized The Island, Allows Icelandic Cuisine Takeout Pizza." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-island-allows.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized as The Island, Acquaints Us With Bessastadir." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-as-island-acquaints.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized as The Island, Asks What Einar Benediktsson Avers." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-as-island-asks-what.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 March 2022. "Seven Deaths Afflict One Detective in Drungi, Anglicized as The Island." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/seven-deaths-afflict-one-detective-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 March 2022. "Fjords and Isles Are Accessible in Drungi, Anglicized as The Island." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/fjords-and-isles-are-accessible-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 March 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized The Darkness, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/dimma-anglicized-darkness-accumulates.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 March 2022. "Icelandic Cuisine Americanizes Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/icelandic-cuisine-americanizes-dimma.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 March 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness, Accesses Bishop Jón Vídalín For Us." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/dimma-anglicized-as-darkness-accesses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 February 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness, Acquaints Us With Tomás Gudmundsson." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/dimma-anglicized-as-darkness-acquaints.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2022. "Not All Are Accounted For in Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/not-all-are-accounted-for-in-dimma.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 February 2022. "Driving and Walking Tours Acquit Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/driving-and-walking-tours-acquit-dimma.html

Missouri Botanical Garden. "Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl. Missouri Botanical Garden > Tropicos > Name Search > Name 23503083. Copyright 2022.
Available @ http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/23503083

Nilsson, Magnus. 2015. The Nordic Cookbook. London, England, UK: Phaidon Press Limited; and New York NY: Phaidon Press Inc.

"107. Jóhann Jónsson." Legstaðaleit > Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland > All Burials - Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland. Last modified 5 June 2021.
Available @ https://www.legstadaleit.com/tng/showmap.php?cemeteryID=204&tree=Tree2

"117. Jón þorsteinsson." Legstaðaleit > Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland > All Burials - Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland. Last modified 6 June 2021.
Available @ https://www.legstadaleit.com/tng/showmap.php?cemeteryID=204&tree=Tree2

"Our Distillery." Eimverk Distillery.
Available @ https://www.flokiwhisky.is/story

Page 17 Media LLC. "The Truth Behind Iceland's Most Secluded House." Spot Cool Stuff > Travel > Iceland.
Available @ http://travel.spotcoolstuff.com/iceland/secluded-architecture/ellidaey-island

Park, William. 27 February 2020. "The man who refused to freeze to death." BBC > BBC Future > Worst Case Scenario > Death. Copyrighted 2023 by BBC.
Available @ https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200226-how-to-survive-in-the-extreme-cold

Plassard, Freddie. "Lauréat 2014: Jean-Christophe Salaün." Page 130. In: Traduire 232/2015 Intraduisible? Vous voulez rire! OpenEdition Journals.
Available @ https://journals.openedition.org/traduire/710?lang=en

"Quentin Bates." Orenda Books > Translators.
Available @ https://orendabooks.co.uk/translators/quentin-bates

"Ragnar Jonasson." Ragnar Jonasson.com > About the Author.
Available @ http://ragnar-jonasson.squarespace.com/new-page

Ruppenstein, Andrew. 12 July 2017. "Einar Benediktsson." The Historical Marker Database > Search.
Available @ https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=105383

Sigurðsson, Ólafur. January 2020. Niðjatal Björn G. Blöndals, læknis á Siglufirði og víðar, f. 19. sept. 1865, og Sigríðar Möller, f. 16. mars 1865.
Available @ https://www.olisig.is/aettfraedi/pdf_nidjatal/bjorn_g_blondal-nidjatal-2020.pdf

Tapalaga, Andrei. 18 January 2021. "The Story Behind a Lone House in the Middle of Elliðaey Island." History of Yesterday.
Available @ https://historyofyesterday.com/the-story-behind-a-lone-house-in-the-middle-of-elli%C3%B0aey-island-529309b9cc22

Tómas, Ragnar. 1 October 2021. "Nína Tryggvadóttir Museum Founded After Generous Donation." IcelandReview > News.
Available @ https://www.icelandreview.com/news/agreement-to-establish-the-nina-tryggvadottir-art-museum-signed/

"209. Steinunn Kristjánsdóttir." Legstaðaleit > Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland > All Burials - Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland. Last modified 12 June 2021.
Available @ https://www.legstadaleit.com/tng/showmap.php?cemeteryID=204&tree=Tree2

"Victoria Cribb." WordsWithoutBorders > Contributors.
Available @ https://wordswithoutborders.org/contributors/view/victoria-cribb/

Wikipedia contributors. 23 February 2021. "Einar Benediktsson." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Available @ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einar_Benediktsson

Wunderman, Ali. 11 October 2019. "The Interesting Story Behind Iceland's Unusual Spirits." Liquor > Spirits > Spirits & Liqueurs > More Spirits.
Available @ https://www.liquor.com/articles/iceland-opal-topas/

Zoëga, Geir T. 1910. A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic. Reprinted 1926, 1942, 1952, 1961, 1965, 1967. Oxford at the Clarendon Press. London, England, UK: Oxford University Press.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar001857/page/n5/mode/2up

Met Opera Revived Stephen Wadsworth's New Iphigénie en Tauride in 2011

Summary: Met Opera revived Stephen Wadsworth's new Iphigénie en Tauride in 2011, after an absence of two seasons from the opera house's roster.

Susan Graham and Paul Groves reprised their roles as reunited sister and brother, Iphigénie and Oreste, in the 2010-2011 Met Opera season's first revival of the 2007-2008 season's new production of Gluck's Iphigénie en Tauride under Stephen Wadsworth's directorship: Richard Tucker Music Foundation @RichardTuckerMusicFoundation, via Facebook June 17, 2020

Met Opera revived Stephen Wadsworth's new Iphigénie en Tauride in 2011, after an absence from the opera house's roster for two seasons (2008-2009; 2009-2010) subsequent to the production's debut in the 2007-2008 season.

The Metropolitan Opera House's debut of a new production of Iphigénie en Tauride by 18th-century German classical composer Christoph von Gluck (July 2, 1714-Nov. 15, 1787) took place Tuesday, Nov. 27, 2007. Stephen Wadsworth (born April 3, 1953, as Stephen Wadsworth Zinsser) directed the new production, which was co-produced with Seattle Opera. The American opera and theater director had made his Met Opera debut Thursday, Dec. 2, 2004, in the Metropolitan Opera premiere of Rodelinda by German-British baroque composer George Frideric Handel (Feb. 23, 1685-April 14, 1759).

Iphigénie en Tauride's new production was presented with the opera's original French libretto. The new production received eight performances, with closing night on Thursday, April 19, 2007.

Two seasons (2008-2009; 2009-2010) elapsed between the new production's debut and its first revival. Iphigénie en Tauride's first revival took place in the 2010-2011 season. The revival received six performances. The revival's first performance took place Saturday, Feb. 12, 2011. The second through fifth performances were offered Wednesday, Feb. 16; Monday, Feb. 21; Saturday, Feb. 26; and Wednesday, March 2. The first revival's sixth, closing performance occurred Saturday, March 5.

Patrick Summers (born Aug. 14, 1963) conducted all six of the first revival's performances. The American conductor had made his Met Opera debut Thursday, Dec. 24, 1998, in the opera house's 189th performance of Die Fledermaus by Austrian light music composer Johann Strauss II (born Johann Baptist Strauss; Oct. 25, 1825-June 3, 1899).

Susan Graham (born July 23, 1960) reprised her 2007-2008 season title role as Iphigénie for four of the 2010-2011 season's six performances. She sang Iphigénie in the first revival's opening (Saturday, Feb. 12, 2011) and fourth through sixth, closing performances (Saturday, Feb. 26; Wednesday, March 2; Saturday, March 5). The American mezzo-soprano had made her Met Opera debut Thursday, Sept. 26, 1991, as the Second Lady in the opera house's 271st performance of Die Zauberflöte by Classical Era composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Jan. 27, 1756-Dec. 5, 1791).

Susan Graham shared the title role with American mezzo-soprano Elizabeth Bishop, who sang Iphigénie in the revival's second (Wednesday, Feb. 16) and third (Monday, Feb. 21) performances. Elizabeth Bishop had made her Met Opera debut Monday, Feb. 7, 1994, as a Venetian in the opera house's 10th performance of Death in Venice by English composer Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten (Nov. 22, 1913-Dec. 4, 1976).

Spanish tenor Plácido Domingo (born Jan. 21, 1941) and American operatic tenor Paul Groves (born Nov. 24, 1964) reprised their respective 2007-2008 roles as Oreste and Pylade, Oreste's best friend. Plácido Domingo had made his Met Opera debut Saturday, Sep. 28, 1968, as Maurizio in the opera house's 16th performance of Adriana Lecouvreur by Italian composer Francesco Cilea (July 23, 1866-Nov. 20, 1950). Paul Groves had made his Met Opera debut Thursday, Jan. 9, 1992, as the Steersman in the opera house's 127th performance of Der Fliegende Holländer by German Romantic era composer-librettist Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813-Feb. 13, 1883).

Gordon Hawkins sang Thoas, King of the Scythians, in all six performances. The American dramatic baritone had made his Met Opera debut Wednesday, Sept. 27, 1989, as Jake in the opera house's 33rd performance of Porgy and Bess by Jewish American composer and pianist George Gershwin (born Jacob Bruskin Gershowitz; Sept. 26, 1898-July 11, 1937).

Julie Boulianne (born Nov. 21, 1978) sang goddess Diane in all six performances. The French-Canadian mezzo-soprano's appearance in the first revival's opening performance marked her Met Opera debut.

Lei Xu (born 1963) appeared as the first revival's First Priestess. The Chinese operatic soprano's appearance in the first revival's first performance marked her Met Opera debut.

Cecelia Hall sang as the first revival's Second Priestess. The American mezzo-soprano's appearance in the first revival's opening performance marked her Met Opera debut.

David Won reprised his 2007-2008 season role as the Scythian Minister. The South Korean tenor had made his Met Opera debut Monday, Nov. 14, 2005, as Grégorio in the opera house's 301st performance of Roméo et Juliette by 19th-century French composer Charles-François Gounod (June 17, 1818-Oct. 18, 1893).

Jacqueline Antaramian (born Oct. 7, 1962) reprised her 2007-2008 season role as Clythemnestre, Iphigénie's mother. The Armenian actress had marked her Met Opera debut with her appearance in the new production's opening performance, Tuesday, Nov. 27, 2007.

Rob Besserer appeared as Agamemnon, King of Mycenae and father of Iphigénie and Oreste. The American dancer and actor had made his Met Opera debut Friday, Nov. 10, 2006, in the mute role of Ambrogio in the opera house's 551st performance of Il Barbiere di Siviglia by Italian composer Gioachino Rossini (Feb. 29, 1792-Nov. 13, 1868).

After the first revival's sixth, closing performance Saturday, March 5, 2011, Iphigénie en Tauride remained unperformed for 10 seasons (2011-2012 through 2020-2021). Met Opera activated the production's second revival in the 2021-2022 season.

The second revival offered five performances. The second revival opened Wednesday, Sep. 29, 2021. The second through fourth performances took place Saturday, Oct. 2; Wednesday, Oct. 6; and Saturday, Oct. 9. The second revival's fifth, closing performance happened Friday, Oct. 15.

The takeaways for Met Opera's revival of Stephen Wadsworth's new Iphigénie en Tauride in 2011 are that the 2010-2011 season's first revival offered six performances; that Susan Graham, Plácido Domingo and Paul Groves reprised their 2007-2008 season roles as Iphigénie, Oreste and Pylade, respectively; that 10 seasons elapsed between the 2010-2011 season's first revival and the 2021-2022 season's second revival of Stephen Wadsworth's new production; and that the second revival's five performances spanned opening Wednesday, Sep. 29, to closing Friday, Oct. 15.

American mezzo-soprano Cecelia Hall made her Met Opera debut Saturday, Feb. 12, 2011, as the Second Priestess in the opening performance of Met Opera's first revival of Stephen Wadsworth's new production of 18th-century German classical composer Christoph von Gluck's Iphigénie en Tauride: Cecelia Hall @cecehallsings, via Twitter June 17, 2020

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Susan Graham and Paul Groves reprised their roles as reunited sister and brother, Iphigénie and Oreste, in the 2010-2011 Met Opera season's first revival of the 2007-2008 season's new production of Gluck's Iphigénie en Tauride under Stephen Wadsworth's directorship: Richard Tucker Music Foundation @RichardTuckerMusicFoundation, via Facebook June 17, 2020, @ https://www.facebook.com/RichardTuckerMusicFoundation/posts/3126619500694795

American mezzo-soprano Cecelia Hall made her Met Opera debut Saturday, Feb. 12, 2011, as the Second Priestess in the opening performance of Met Opera's first revival of Stephen Wadsworth's new production of 18th-century German classical composer Christoph von Gluck's Iphigénie en Tauride: Cecelia Hall @cecehallsings, via Twitter June 17, 2020, @ https://twitter.com/cecehallsings/status/1273232644885676032

For further information:

Cecelia Hall @cecehallsings. "My Met debut as a Priestess/sidekick of the great Susan Graham/dancer (?!!) airs tonight thru tomorrow! Was srsly such a delight to perform on that stage in my teacher Stephen Wadsworth’s production. http://metopera.org/week14streams Iphigénie en Tauride is tonight’s Met Opera Stream!" Twitter. June 17, 2020.
Available @ https://twitter.com/cecehallsings/status/1273232644885676032

"Debut: Bo Skovhus, Patrick Summers, Richard Holmes." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 331258 Die Fledermaus {189} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/24/1998.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=331258

"Debut: Paul Groves." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 307060 Der Fliegende Holländer {127} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/9/1992.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=307060

"Debut: Plácido Domingo." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 216130 Adriana Lecouvreur {16} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/28/1968.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=216130

"Debuts: Gordon Hawkins, Edward Payne, Michael Forest, Karla Burns, Marjorie Wharton, Edward White, Raymond Bazemore, Linda Thompson, Lynn Randolph, Arvin Brown." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 298020 Porgy and Bess {33} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/27/1989.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=298020

"Debuts: Guy Joosten, Johannes Leiacker, Jorge Jara, David Cunningham, Seán Curran, Stéphane Degout, David Won." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 351350 New Production Roméo et Juliette {301} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/14/2005.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=351350

"Debuts: Julie Boulianne, Lei Xu, Cecelia Hall." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 353806 Iphigénie en Tauride {14} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/12/2011.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=353806

"Debuts: Karin von Aroldingen, . . . Elizabeth Bishop, Kim Brandstrup, David Piper." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 315310 New Production Death in Venice {10} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/7/1994.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=315310

"Debuts: Kobie van Rensburg, Zachary Vail Elkind, Harry Bicket, Stephen Wadsworth, Thomas Lynch, Peter Kaczorowski." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 351094 Rodelinda {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/02/2004.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=351094

"Debuts: Louis Langrée, Sasha Cooke, Michele Losier, Jacqueline Antaramian, Mark Capri." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 352202 New Production Iphigénie en Tauride {6} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/27/2007.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=352202

"Debuts: Mikael Melbye, Winifred Faix Brown, Susan Graham." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 306030 Die Zauberflöte {271} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/26/1991.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=306030

"Debuts: Bartlett Sher, Catherine Zuber, Christopher Akerlind, Rob Besserer." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 351644 New Production Il Barbiere di Siviglia {551} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/10/2006. Sirius Broadcast live.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=351644

Kors, Stacey. "Hellenic Ideal." The Metropolitan Opera > Nightly Opera Streams, June 15–21.
Available @ https://www.metopera.org/user-information/nightly-met-opera-streams/articles/hellenic-ideal/

Marriner, Derdriu. "Iphigénie en Tauride Was To Be Saturday Matinee Broadcast Feb. 26, 2022." Earth and Space News. Monday, Aug. 8, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/iphigenie-en-tauride-was-to-be-saturday.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Met Opera Launched Iphigénie en Tauride's New Production Nov. 27, 2007." Earth and Space News. Monday, Aug. 22, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/met-opera-launched-iphigenie-en.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Met Opera Staged Iphigénie en Tauride's U.S. Premiere Nov. 25, 1916." Earth and Space News. Monday, Aug. 15, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/met-opera-staged-iphigenie-en-taurides.html

"New Production: Iphigénie en Tauride." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 352202 New Production Iphigénie en Tauride {6} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/27/2007.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=352202

Richard Tucker Music Foundation @RichardTuckerMusicFoundation. "Richard Tucker Grant Recipients Susan Graham and Paul Groves are featured in The Metropolitan Opera's stream of its 2011 production of Gluck’s "Iphigénie en Tauride" streamed tonight at metopera.org. Photo of Susan Graham by Dario Acosta." Facebook. June 17, 2020.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/RichardTuckerMusicFoundation/posts/3126619500694795

Tucker Foundation @RTuckerMusicFdn. "The @MetOpera's stream tonight of its 2011 production of "Iphigénie en Tauride" features Tucker Recipients @MezzoGraham and Paul Groves." Twitter. March 24, 2021.
Available @ https://twitter.com/RTuckerMusicFdn/status/1374782601588789259