Earth and Space News: October 2016

Sunday, October 30, 2016

Helleborus Plant Named 'Snow Love' Has Light Green Flowers

Summary: A Helleborus plant named ‘Snow Love,’ a new cultivar by Belgian hellebore breeder Thierry van Paemel, has light green flowers.

A Helleborus plant named ‘Snow Love,’ a new variety of Helleborus x niger cultivar by Belgian hellebore breeder Thierry van Paemel, has light green flowers and leathery, smooth dark green leaves.

On Oct. 29, 2007, Thierry van Paemel filed a patent application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office for his horticultural invention, a Helleborus plant named ‘Snow Love.’ He listed Compass Plants B.V. of Hillegom, South Holland province, western Netherlands, as assignee.

Primary examiner Kent L. Bell reviewed the application for patenting van Paemel’s new variety. On Dec. 9, 2008, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office assigned plant patent number 19,559 to a Helleborus plant named ‘Snow Love.’

The application describes plants that were grown outdoors during winter in containers at the inventor’s nursery, Kwekerij Het Wilgenbroek BVBA, in Oostkamp, West Flanders province, northwestern Belgium. Day temperatures during production ranged from about 4 degrees to about 15 degrees Celsius (39.2 degrees to 59 degrees Fahrenheit). Night temperatures ranged from about minus 1 degree to about 8 degrees Celsius (30.2 degrees to 46.4 degrees Fahrenheit).

Helleborus ‘Candy Love’ has an upright, flattened globular, mounded shape. Plant height measures about 28.7 centimeters (11.29 inches). ‘Candy Love’ spreads to a diameter of about 32.8 centimeters (12.91 inches).

‘Candy Love’ puts forth leaves at the plant’s base in a circular arrangement known as a basal rosette. Each basal rosette comprises about 10 leaves.

The new variety’s palmately compound leaves comprise five serrated leaflets radiating from a common point. Leaflets have shapes that are narrowly elliptical to obovate (Latin: ob-, “against” + ovatus, “egg-shaped”).

Leaves have lengths of about 17.1 centimeters (6.73 inches) and widths of about 18.4 centimeters (7.24 inches). Lateral leaflets display lengths of about 9.7 centimeters (3.81 inches) and widths of about 4 centimeters (1.57 inches). Larger, terminal leaflets have lengths of about 11.7 centimeters (4.6 inches) and widths of about 4.8 centimeters (1.88 inches).

Upper surfaces of mature foliage are dark green (Royal Horticultural Society colors 139A to 147A), with dark green to light green (RHS 144A to 144B) venation. Lower surfaces of mature foliage are brown green (RHS 147B) with brown purple (RHS 183B) veins.

closeup of leaf (left) and 'Snow Love' in container (right): images included in patent application filed Monday, Oct. 29, 2007, as application number 11/978496, with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO); United States Plant Patent No. US PP19,559; Date of Patent Dec. 9, 2008; color scans via Plant Patents Image Database, Digital Collections @ University of Maryland Libraries

Nodding, outward facing flowers perch, with a free flowering habit, atop flower stems. A long flowering period ranges naturally from December through April. Each flower, which is not persistent, lasts for about 10 days.

Each flower consists of a single whorl of five sepals. Sepals have lengths of about 4.1 centimeters (1.61 inches) and widths of about 3.5 centimeters (1.37 inches).

The ovate to broadly elliptical shape of sepals becomes obtuse, or bluntly rounded, at the tips. Margins and surface textures are smooth.

Fully opened flowers have light green (Royal Horticultural Society color 145D) upper surfaces that become light green (RHS 144B) toward the base. With development, upper surface coloring is closer to dark green (RHS 143B to 143C), with light green (RHS N144A) margins.

Lower surfaces of fully opened flowers are light green (RHS 145B to 145C), becoming light green (RHS 145A) toward the base. With development, lower surface coloring is close to brown green (RHS 146C) with brown (RHS 176B) venation.

The Helleborus plant named ‘Snow Love’ is the product of a cross-pollination program conducted by Thierry van Paemel at his nursery. The single flowering plant that the inventor discovered and selected numbers among the progeny of a proprietary selection of seed and pollen parents designated as Wilgenbroek Selection. As seed parents, females belonged to Helleborus niger, known commonly as black hellebore or Christmas rose. Male, or pollen, parents belonged to Helleborus x sternii, known commonly as Stern's hellebore.

Helleborus ‘Snow Love’ is a good performer in bedded and container gardens. The hellebore’s lengthy blooming period, from winter into spring, is undaunted by elemental challenges from rain and wind. ‘Snow Love’ tolerates a wide temperature range of about minus 20 degrees to about 30 degrees Celsius (minus 4 degrees to 86 degrees Fahrenheit).

A Helleborus plant named 'Snow Love' sells commercially under the trade name 'Snow Love' in Thierry van Paemel's Winter Magic™ series. The series comprises hellebores that are deer proof, drought resistant and shade tolerant. All selections in the series feature a beautiful powder-gray veil over their leathery leaves.

‘Snow Love’ presents appealing contrasts of light green flowers and dark green foliage that stand out in winter and spring gardens.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

closeup of flower of Helleborus plant named ‘Snow Love’; image included in patent application filed Monday, Oct. 29, 2007, as application number 11/978496, with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO); United States Plant Patent No. US PP19,559; Date of Patent Dec. 9, 2008: Thierry van Paemel, Public Domain, via U.S. Patent and Trademark Office @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP019559;
color scans via Plant Patents Image Database, Digital Collections @ University of Maryland Libraries, @ https://digital.lib.umd.edu/plantpatents/id/PP19559

closeup of 'Snow Love' leaf; images included in patent application filed Monday, Oct. 29, 2007, as application number 11/978496, with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO); United States Plant Patent No. US PP19,559; Date of Patent Dec. 9, 2008; color scans via Plant Patents Image Database, Digital Collections @ University of Maryland Libraries, @ https://digital.lib.umd.edu/plantpatents/id/PP19559
full patent link @ https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/PP19559

closeup of 'Snow Love' in container; images included in patent application filed Monday, Oct. 29, 2007, as application number 11/978496, with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO); United States Plant Patent No. US PP19,559; Date of Patent Dec. 9, 2008; color scans via Plant Patents Image Database, Digital Collections @ University of Maryland Libraries, @ https://digital.lib.umd.edu/plantpatents/id/PP19559
full patent link @ https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/PP19559

For further information:

Burrell, C. Colston; Judith Knott Tyler. Hellebores: A Comprehensive Guide. Portland OR: Timber Press, 2006.

De Weerdt, Nathalie. “Kweker Thierry Van Paemel is Creatiefste Ondernemer.” Economisch Nieuws > Archief 2010. Nov. 9, 2010.
Available @ http://www.oostendewerkt.be/economisch-nieuws-1/Archief-2010/archief-2008/amper-n-bezwaarschrift-tegen-heraanleg-zeedijk/archief-2009/kweker-thierry-van-paemel-is-creatiefste-ondernemer

"Hellebore (Helleborus Winter Magic™ Snow Love)." The National Gardening Association > Plants Database > Hellebores.
Available @ http://garden.org/plants/view/236926/Hellebore-Helleborus-Winter-Magic-Snow-Love/

“Helleborus Plant Named ‘Alexia.’” United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). July 6, 2010.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP021149

“Helleborus Plant Named ‘Candy Love.” United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). Nov. 4, 2008.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP019413

“Helleborus Plant Named ‘Emma.’” United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). June 29, 2010.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP021126

“Helleborus Plant Named ‘Snow Love.’” United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW), Dec. 9, 2008.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP019559

“Helleborus x nigercors ‘Snow Love.’” Perennials > Plants.
Available @ http://www.perennials.com/plants/helleborus-nigercors-snow-love.html

International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. “Document TGP/14: Glossary of Technical, Botanical and Statistical Terms Used in UPOV Documents.” UPOV (Union Internationale Pour la Protection des Obtentions Végétales). Dec. 9, 2006.
Available @ http://www.upov.org/edocs/mdocs/upov/en/tc_edc/2007/tgp_14_draft_1_section_2_3_2.pdf

“Lenteroos ‘Alexia.’” Mijn Tuin > Planten.
Available @ https://www.mijntuin.org/plants/5238-lenteroos-alexia

Marriner, Derdriu. “Helleborus ‘Candy Love' Has Greenish White Flowers With Reddish Edges.” Earth and Space News. Saturday, Oct. 29, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/helleborus-candy-love-has-greenish.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Helleborus Plant Named ‘Alexia’ Has Light Green Flowers.” Earth and Space News. Saturday, Oct. 22, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/helleborus-plant-named-alexia-has-light.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Helleborus Plant Named ‘Emma' Has White to Greenish Purple Flowers.” Earth and Space News. Sunday, Oct. 23, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/helleborus-plant-named-emma-has-white.html

“The Parts of a Flower.” The Robinson Library > Science > Botany > Plant Anatomy.
Available @ http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/science/botany/anatomy/flowerparts.htm

Rice, Graham; Elizabeth Strangman. The Gardener's Guide to Growing Hellebores. Newton Abbot, England: David and Charles, 2005.

Saturday, October 29, 2016

Helleborus ‘Candy Love’ Has Greenish White Flowers With Reddish Edges

Summary: Belgian hellebore breeder Thierry van Paemel patents Helleborus ‘Candy Love’ as a new variety that has greenish white flowers with reddish edges.

closeup of flowers and foliage of Helleborus plant named 'Candy Love,' Brighton, East Sussex, South East England; Tuesday, Feb. 26, 2013, 12:49:20: The Greenery Nursery and Garden Shop (The Greenery Nursery), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Helleborus ‘Candy Love,’ cultivated by Belgian helleborist Thierry van Paemel, has greenish white flowers with reddish edges and dark green leaves.

On Oct. 29, 2007, Thierry van Paemel filed a patent application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office for his invention, a distinctive, new cultivar, Helleborus ‘Candy Love.’ He named Compass Plants B.V. of Hillegom, South Holland province, western Netherlands, as assignee.

Kent L. Bell, primary examiner, reviewed the application for Helleborus ‘Candy Love.’ On Nov. 4, 2008, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office assigned plant patent number 19,413 to van Paemel’s Helleborus ‘Candy Love.’

‘Candy Love’ hellebore is a cultivated variety of the Helleborus x nigercors hybrid. Helleborus x nigercors results from crossing Helleborus niger, known commonly as black hellebore or Christmas rose, and Helleborus lividus, known commonly as Corsican hellebore.

Plants described in the patent application were grown during winter in containers outdoors at van Paemel’s nursery, Kwekerij Het Wilgenbroek BVBA, in Oostkamp, West Flanders province, northwestern Belgium. Day temperatures during production spanned about 4 degrees to about 15 degrees Celsius (39.2 degrees to 59 degrees Fahrenheit). The night temperature range was from about minus 1 degree to about 8 degrees Celsius (30.2 degrees to 46.4 degrees Fahrenheit).

Helleborus ‘Candy Love’ presents an upright, flattened globular, mounded shape. ‘Candy Love’ measures a height of about 23.8 centimeters (9.37 inches), with an area of spread of about 52 centimeters (20.47 inches).

Leaves emerge at the plant’s base as basal rosettes. Each circular arrangement usually numbers about nine leaves.

The newly cultivated variety’s palmately compound leaves consist of five serrated leaflets that radiate from a common point. Leaflet shape is narrowly elliptical to obovate (Latin: ovatus, “egg-shaped”).

Leaves measure lengths of about 19.2 centimeters (7.55 inches) and widths of about 12.1 centimeters (4.76 inches). Terminal leaflets have lengths of about 14.4 centimeters (5.66 inches) and widths of about 5.6 centimeters (2.2 inches). Lateral leaflets are smaller, with lengths of about 11.4 centimeters (4.48 inches) and widths of about 4.2 centimeters (1.65 inches).

Leathery, smooth mature leaflets have dark green (Royal Horticultural Society color 147A) upper surfaces with dark green (RHS 144A) veins. Lower surfaces of mature leaflets are brown green (RHS 191A) with brown (RHS 165A) venation.

‘Candy Love’ flowers nod atop flower stems. A lengthy, natural flowering season lasts from December through April in Belgium. Each flower, which is not persistent, blooms for about 10 days.

Each flower comprises a single whorl of five sepals, with no detectable petals. Sepal length is about 3.8 centimeters (1.49 inches). Width measures about 2.9 centimeters (1.14 inches).

Smoothly edged and surfaced sepals are shaped ovately (Latin: ovatus, “egg-shaped”). Sepal tips have blunt, rounded tips described as obtuse.

Fully opened flowers have yellow green to white (RHS 150D to 155A) upper surfaces with light green coloring (RHS 144C) toward the base. With development, upper surfaces become brown green (RHS 146B, 146C), with brown purple coloring (RHS 178A, 178B) toward margins.

Lower surfaces of fully opened flowers are yellow green (RHS 150D), with brown red (RHS 182C) flushes. With development, lower surfaces become gray (RHS 197A), with brown purple (RHS 178A) margins and veins.

Helleborus ‘Candy Love’ originates from cross-pollination of a proprietary selection of female Helleborus niger plants and male Helleborus lividus plants. Thierry van Paemel designated the proprietary selection of unpatented seed and pollen hellebores as Wilgenbroek Selection. Cross-pollination occurred in a controlled environment at his nursery.

In 2005, the inventor discovered and selected a single flowering plant from the progeny of the cross-pollination program. Subsequent asexual reproduction by vegetative cuttings were conducted in a controlled environment in Zandvoort, North Holland province, northwestern Netherlands. Successive generations displayed stable and true reproduction of the selected hellebore cultivar’s distinctive characteristics.

With a desirable variety of attributes, Helleborus ‘Candy Love’ appears as a good garden performer. ‘Candy Love’ tolerates elemental forces, such as rain and wind, and thrives in temperatures ranging from about minus 20 degrees to about 30 degrees Celsius (minus 4 degrees to 86 degrees Fahrenheit). Attractive coloring, lengthy blooming period and appealing shape complete the distinctively desirable profile that ‘Candy Love’ hellebore maintains in bedded, border and container gardens.

Helleborus 'Candy Love' sells commercially under the trade name of 'Candy Love' in Thierry van Paemel's Winter Magic™ series. The series comprises floriferous potted hellebores that are deer resistant, drought tolerant and shade happy. Selections in the series all feature a beautiful powder-gray veil over their leathery leaves.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

image of Helleborus planted named ‘Candy Love’ included in patent application filed Monday, Oct. 29, 2007, as application number 11/978495, with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO); United States Plant Patent No. US PP19,413; Date of Patent Nov. 4, 2008: Thierry van Paemel, Public Domain, via U.S. Patent and Trademark Office @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP019413;
color scans via Plant Patents Image Database, Digital Collections @ University of Maryland Libraries, @ https://digital.lib.umd.edu/plantpatents/id/PP19413

For further information:

Burrell, C. Colston; Judith Knott Tyler. Hellebores: A Comprehensive Guide. Portland OR: Timber Press, 2006.

"Hellebore (Helleborus x ballardiae Winter Magic™ Candy Love)." The National Gardening Association > Plants Database > Hellebores.
Available @ http://garden.org/plants/view/236708/Hellebore-Helleborus-x-ballardiae-Winter-Magic-Candy-Love/

“Helleborus Plant Named ‘Alexia.’” United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). July 6, 2010.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP021149

“Helleborus Plant Named ‘Candy Love.” United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). Nov. 4, 2008.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP019413

“Helleborus Plant Named ‘Emma.’” United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). June 29, 2010.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP021126

“Helleborus Plant Named ‘HGC Silvermoon.’” United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word(PIW). March 8, 2005.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP015639

“Helleborus Plant Named ‘Snow Love.’” United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). Dec. 9, 2008.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP019559

“Helleborus x ericsmithii ‘Pink Beauty.’” Perennials > Plants.
Available @ http://www.perennials.com/plants/helleborus-ericsmithii-pink-beauty.html

“Lenteroos ‘Alexia.’” Mijn Tuin > Planten.
Available @ https://www.mijntuin.org/plants/5238-lenteroos-alexia

Marriner, Derdriu. "Helleborus Plant Named 'Alexia' Has Light Green Flowers." Earth and Space News. Saturday, Oct. 22, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/helleborus-plant-named-alexia-has-light.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Helleborus Plant Named ‘Emma’ Has White to Greenish Purple Flowers.” Earth and Space News. Sunday, Oct. 23, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/helleborus-plant-named-emma-has-white.html

“The Parts of a Flower.” The Robinson Library > Science > Botany > Plant Anatomy.
Available @ http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/science/botany/anatomy/flowerparts.htm

Rice, Graham. “A Hellebore for (Almost) Any Situation.” The Telegraph > Gardening. Feb. 25, 2014.
Available @ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/gardening/10648349/A-hellebore-for-almost-any-situation.html

Rice, Graham; Elizabeth Strangman. The Gardener's Guide to Growing Hellebores. Newton Abbot, England: David and Charles, 2005.

Wednesday, October 26, 2016

Big Dipper Bowl Pointer Stars Lead to Auriga Constellation and Capella

Summary: Two pairs of Big Dipper pointer stars in Ursa Major constellation lead to Auriga the Charioteer constellation and Capella, Auriga's brightest star.

Three stars in the bowl of the Big Dipper asterism (north) may be used as guides for finding Auriga the Charioteer constellation (center) and Capella, Auriga's brightest star and the night's sixth brightest star: Garrett P. Serviss, “Astronomy With an Opera-Glass: The Stars of Winter,” The Popular Science Monthly (February 1888), Map 1, page 513: Not in copyright, via Internet Archive

Big Dipper pointer stars, in the bowl of the seven star asterism in Ursa Major constellation, lead to Auriga the Charioteer constellation and Capella, Auriga's brightest star and the night's sixth brightest star.

Three stars that represent the top and front side of the bowl offer two paths that lead to Auriga or directly to Capella. As marker of the bowl's front, or outside, rim, Dubhe launches both paths.

Two stars, Dubhe and Megrez, depict the bowl's top, or rim. Megrez is sited at the juncture of the bowl's back, or inside, rim and side with the asterism's handle. Dubhe marks the top of the bowl's front side and its front rim. A line, extended from Megrez forward through Dubhe, continues directly to the nearest bright star, which is Capella. Auriga's brightest star represents either the charioteer's left shoulder or the heart of Amaltheia, the she-goat shouldered by the charioteer.

The general guidepost to Auriga the Charioteer constellation enlists the two stars representing the Big Dipper bowl's front side. Dubhe sits at the top of the front side while Merak indicates the front side's bottom. Outward lines, angled downward from Dubhe and upward from Merak, converge to lead directly to Auriga, easily identified by Capella as the nearest, brightest star.

Of the three Big Dipper bowl stars leading to Auriga and Capella, Dubhe and Merak are popular pointer stars for locating Polaris, the brightest star in Ursa Minor, or Little Bear, constellation. A line extended from Merak through Dubhe leads to the North Star.

Dubhe is the second brightest star in the Big Dipper asterism. The pointer star's astronomical designation is Alpha Ursae Majoris (α Ursae Majoris; Alpha UMa; α UMa). The yellow-glowing star's traditional name, Dubhe (“bear”), derives from an Arabic phrase, żahr ad-dubb al-akbar (“the back of the Greater Bear”).

Merak is the fifth brightest star in the Big Dipper asterism. Merak's astronomical designation is Beta Ursae Majoris (ß Ursae Majoris; Beta UMa; ß Uma). The white-hued star's traditional name derives from al-maraqq, an Arabic word meaning “loins.”

Megrez claims last place as the dimmest star in the Big Dipper asterism. Megrez's astronomical designation is Delta Ursae Majoris (δ Ursae Majoris; Delta Ua; δ UMa). The white-hued star's traditional name derives from al-maghriz, an Arabic word meaning “base.” In terms of Ursa Major constellation, Megrez indicates the base of the Big Bear's tail.

The paths from the Big Dipper bowl's stellar guideposts to Capella and the bright star's constellation pass through the Lynx constellation. The faint, zigzagging constellation lies between Ursa Major and Auriga. Lynx is the southwestern neighbor of Ursa Major constellation and the eastern neighbor of the Charioteer.

Lynx's brightest star, Alpha Lyncis (α Lyn, α Lyncis), marks the constellation's southern end. Alpha Lyncis is not bright enough to interfere with locating Auriga and Capella by way of imaginary lines passing through Lynx.

The takeaway from the Big Dipper bowl pointer stars that lead to Auriga constellation and the Charioteer's brightest star is appreciation of the night sky's clear guideposts.

Pointer stars Dubhe and Merak point to Polaris, the North Star: EarthSky @earthskyscience, via Twitter Nov. 15, 2015

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Two pairs of stars in the bowl of the Big Dipper asterism (north) may be used as guides for finding Auriga the Charioteer constellation (center) and Capella, Auriga's brightest star and the night's sixth brightest star: Garrett P. Serviss, “Astronomy With an Opera-Glass: The Stars of Winter,” The Popular Science Monthly (February 1888), Map 1, page 513: Not in copyright, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/stream/popularsciencemo321888newy#page/513/mode/1up

Pointer stars Dubhe and Merak point to Polaris, the North Star: Earth Sky @earthskyscience, via Twitter Nov. 15, 2015, @ https://twitter.com/earthskyscience/status/665917939288248320

For further information:

“Auriga.” Astronomy Online > Observation > The Night Sky > 88 Constellations.
Available @ http://astronomyonline.org/ViewImage.asp?Cate=Observation&SubCate=MP08&SubCate2=MP0801&Img=%2FObservation%2FImages%2FConstellations%2FConstellationBig%2FAuriga%2Egif&Cpt=Constellations+-+Auriga+%28Charioteer%29

“Big Dipper.” Constellation Guide. June 22, 2013.
Available @ http://www.constellation-guide.com/big-dipper/

Collins, A. (Archie) Frederick. The Book of Stars: Being a Simple Explanation of the Stars and Their Uses to Boy Life. Written to Conform to the Tests of the Boy Scouts. New York NY; London UK: D. Appleton and Co., 1915.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/stream/bookofstarsbeing00coll/bookofstarsbeing00coll#page/27/mode/1up

“The Constellations.” International Astronomical Union > IAU for the Public > Themes.
Available @ http://www.iau.org/public/themes/constellations/

Earth Sky @earthskyscience. “Tonight Big Dipper bowl points to star Capella.” Twitter. Nov. 15, 2015.
Available @ https://twitter.com/earthskyscience/status/665917939288248320

“Lynx Constellation.” Constellation Guide > Constellation List.
Available @ http://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lynx-constellation/

Marriner, Derdriu. “Auriga the Charioteer Claims Capella as Night's Sixth Brightest Star.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Oct. 19, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/auriga-charioteer-claims-capella-as.html

McClure, Bruce. “Big Dipper Bowl Points to Star Capella.” EarthSky > Tonight. Nov. 3, 2016.
Available @ http://earthsky.org/?p=52242">http://earthsky.org/?p=52242

“The Polar Constellations.” Smoky Mountain Astronomical Society > Seasonal Star Charts > Spring Sky Tour.
Available @ http://www.smokymtnastro.org/Seasons/Spring/Spring%20Sky%20Tour%20Polar%20Constellations.htm

Ridpath, Ian. “Auriga the Charioteer.” Ian Ridpath > Star Tales.
Available @ http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/auriga.htm

Serviss, Garrett P. “Astronomy With an Opera-Glass: The Stars of Winter.” The Popular Science Monthly (February 1888): 511-529.
Available @ https://archive.org/stream/popularsciencemo321888newy#page/511/mode/1up

“Ursa Major Constellation.” Constellation Guide > Constellation List.
Available @ http://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-major-constellation/

“Ursa Major Constellation.” Solar System Quick Astronomy Guide > Constellations.
Available @ http://www.solarsystemquick.com/universe/ursa-major-constellation.htm

Sunday, October 23, 2016

Helleborus Plant Named ‘Emma’ Has White to Greenish Purple Flowers

Summary: A Helleborus plant named ‘Emma’ has dark green leaves and a long flowering period of white flowers that become greenish purple.

closeup of flowers and foliage of Helleborus plant named 'Emma,' Brighton, East Sussex, South East England: peganum, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

A Helleborus plant named ‘Emma,’ invented by Belgian hellebore breeder Thierry van Paemel, has smooth, dark green leaves and a long, late-winter flowering period with white flowers that become greenish purple.

On March 27, 2009, a patent application for ‘Emma’ was filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Beekenkamp Plants B.V., in Maasdijk, Netherlands, was listed as assignee. The patent was granted June 29, 2010, as PP21,126, after affirmative review by Annette H. Para as primary examiner.

Plant breeder Thierry van Paemel manages Kwekerij Het Wilgenbroek BVBA, a nursery specializing in hellebores, in Oostkamp, a municipality in the northwestern Belgian province of West Flanders. A Helleborus plant named ‘Emma’ emerges from the inventor’s program of planned breeding with the goal of creating new, early and freely flowering Helleborus cultivars.

In January 2003 Thierry van Paemel conducted a controlled cross-pollination of a proprietary selection of Helleborus x nigercors in the nursery’s greenhouse. The seed parents’ hybrid, Helleborus x nigercors, represents a cross between Helleborus niger, known commonly as black hellebore or Christmas rose, and Helleborus argutifolius, known commonly as Corsican hellebore, Corsican rose or holly-leaved hellebore.

In January 2005 the inventor discovered and selected, from the progeny of the 2003 cross-pollination program, a single flowering plant with desirable characteristics. Asexual reproduction by tissue culture, conducted since May 2005 in a laboratory in Lochristi, East Flanders province, northwestern Belgium, confirm the stability and true reproduction of desirable traits over successive generations.

The distinguishing characteristics of the Helleborus plant named ‘Emma’ emphasize growth and spread; dark green leaf color; early, free flowering over a lengthy blooming period; floral colors. The new cultivar exhibits outward and upright mounded spread. The natural flowering season for ‘Emma’ spans late winter in the Netherlands.

The description for the patent application is based upon plants grown in an outdoor nursery in Maasdijk, Netherlands throughout late winter. Plants were potted in 2-liter (2.11-quart) containers. Day temperatures spanned minus 2 degrees to 25 degrees Celsius (28.4 degrees to 77 degrees Fahrenheit). The night temperature range was from minus 5 degrees to 15 degrees Celsius (41 degrees to 59 degrees Fahrenheit).

The Helleborus plant named ‘Emma’ has white to brown fleshy roots. The sparse roots are moderately branched.

‘Emma’ measures a height of about 17.4 centimeters (6.85 inches). Plant diameter, known as area of spread, reaches about 41.6 centimeters (16.37 inches).

The new Helleborus cultivar’s dark green foliage presents a palmate compound leaf type. Leaves comprise five, serrated leaflets attached to a common point. Leaflets are shaped elliptically to ovately (Latin: ovatus, “egg-shaped”). Leaflet shape may also appear obovate (Latin: ob-, “opposite” + ovatus, “egg-shaped”), with the narrower end at the base.

The entire leaf measures a length of about 15.8 centimeters (6.22 inches) and a width of about 17.2 centimeters (6.77 inches). Each individual leaflet has a length of about 11.3 centimeters (4.44 inches) and a width of about 4 centimeters (1.57 inches).

Mature leaflets have upper surface blade colors of dark green to green gray (Royal Horticultural Society colors 139A, N189A), with brown green (RHS 148D) veins. Leaflet blade underside color is from dark green to brown green (RHS 147A, 189A). Underside venation is brown (RHS 177A, 177B).

Flowers are borne at stem tops as terminal panicles, or clusters. Flowers in the loosely branching clusters measure diameters of about 5.8 centimeters (2.28 inches) and depths of about 2.2 centimeters (0.86 inches). Each plant puts forth about 75 outward-facing, upright flowers. Each flower, which is not persistent, lasts about 10 days.

Floral arrangement consists of about five sepals in a single whorl. Each sepal is ovate to broadly ovate in shape, with a rounded apex, or tip. Smoothness characterizes sepal edges and upper and lower surface textures.

Fully opened flowers have yellow green to white (RHS 150D, 155A) uppersides that are tinged with green brown (RHS 153D) toward the center. With development, coloring becomes brown purple (RHS 178A) with dark green (RHS 147A) tinges. The undersides of fully opened flowers are close to light green (RHS 145C), with light green to brown green (RHS 145B, 147D) coloring toward bases and centers.

The Helleborus plant named ‘Emma’ is found to perform well in gardens. In addition to showy desirable traits of color, lengthy blooming period, growth and shape, ‘Emma’ is not discouraged by rain or wind. Also, ‘Emma’ tolerates a wide temperature range of about minus 20 degrees to about 35 degrees Celsius (minus 4 degrees to 95 degrees Fahrenheit).

image of Helleborus plant named 'Emma' included in patent application filed Friday, March 27, 2009, with United States Patent and Trademark Office: Thierry van Paemel, Public Domain, via U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

closeup of flowers and foliage of Helleborus plant named 'Emma,' Brighton, East Sussex, South East England: peganum, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/peganum/8506739924/

image of Helleborus plant named 'Emma' included in patent application filed Friday, March 27, 2009, as application number 12/383848 with United States Patent and Trademark Office: Thierry van Paemel, Public Domain, via U.S. Patent and Trademark Office @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP021126;
via Plant Patents Image Database, Digital Collections @ University of Maryland Libraries @ https://digital.lib.umd.edu/plantpatents/id/PP21126

For further information:

Burrell, C. Colston; Judith Knott Tyler. Hellebores: A Comprehensive Guide. Portland OR: Timber Press, 2006.

“Helleborus ericsmithii ‘HGC Silvermoon’ PP15639.” Perennial Resource > Perennial Encyclopedia.
Available @ http://www.perennialresource.com/encyclopedia/view/?plant=1984

"Helleborus Plant Named 'Alexia.'" United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). July 6, 2010.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP021149

"Helleborus Plant Named 'Candy Love.'" United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). Nov. 4, 2008.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP019413

“Helleborus Plant Named ‘Emma.’” United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). June 29, 2010.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP021126

“Helleborus Plant Named ‘HGC Silvermoon.’” United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). March 8, 2005.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP015639

"Helleborus Plant Named 'Snow Love.'" United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). Dec. 9, 2008.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP019559

Rice, Graham; Elizabeth Strangman. The Gardener's Guide to Growing Hellebores. Newton Abbot, England: David and Charles, 2005.

Saturday, October 22, 2016

Helleborus Plant Named ‘Alexia’ Has Light Green Flowers

Summary: A Helleborus plant named ‘Alexia’ has dark green leaves and a long flowering period of light green flowers.

image of Helleborus plant named ‘Alexia’ included in patent application filed Friday, March 27, 2009, as application number 12/383848, with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO); United States Plant Patent No. US PP21,126; Date of Patent June 29, 2010: Thierry van Paemel, Public Domain, via U.S. Patent and Trademark Office: Thierry van Paemel, Public Domain, via U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

Invented by Belgian hellebore breeder Thierry van Paemel, a Helleborus plant named ‘Alexia’ has leathery, smooth, dark green leaves and light green flowers with a long, late-winter flowering period.

On March 27, 2009, Thierry van Paemel filed a patent application through the United States Patent and Trademark Office for ‘Alexia.’ He listed Beekenkamp Plants B.V. of Maasdijk, South Holland province, Midwestern Netherlands, as assignee. As primary examiner, Annette H. Para reviewed the application. On July 6, 2010, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office granted the patent, as PP21,149, for the Helleborus plant named ‘Alexia.’

A Helleborus plant named ‘Alexia’ is the product of a cross-pollination conducted in February 2003 by Thierry van Paemel in a controlled greenhouse environment at his nursery, Kwekerij Het Wilgenbroek BVBA, in Oostkamp, West Flanders province, northwestern Belgium. The unpatented seed parents of ‘Alexia’ originate in the inventor’s proprietary selection of female and male Helleborus x nigercors plants.

In April 2005, Thierry van Paemel discovered and selected the new plant, now known as ‘Alexia,’ from the progeny of his 2003 controlled cross-pollination program. The stability and true reproduction of the new variety’s desirable characteristics over successive generations have been confirmed via asexual reproduction by tissue culture in a laboratory in Lochristi, East Flanders province, northwestern Belgium.

The Helleborus plant named ‘Alexia’ presents desirable characteristics regarding shape and spread; floral and leaf coloring; flowering habit and period. ‘Alexia’ exhibits outward, upright spreading in a flattened globular, mounded shape. Dark green leaves and light green flowers distinguish ‘Alexia.’ An early, freely flowering habit extends over a long flowering period.

‘Alexia’ hellebores were grown during late winter in 13-centimeter (5.11-inch) containers in an outdoor nursery in Maasdijk, Netherlands. Day temperatures during production ranged from minus 2 degrees to 25 degrees Celsius (28.4 degrees to 77 degrees Fahrenheit). Night temperatures ranged from minus 5 degrees to 15 degrees Celsius (41 degrees to 59 degrees Fahrenheit).

Stems emerge from fleshy, white- to brown-colored, moderately branching roots. Plant height measures about 19.6 centimeters (7.71 inches). Plant diameter, known as area of spread, measures about 40.8 centimeters (16.06 inches).

Palmate compound leaves feature five, serrated leaflets that radiate from a common point. Leaflet shape is elliptical to slightly obovate (Latin: ob-, “opposite” + ovatus, “egg-shaped”).

Leaf length measures about 14.4 centimeters (5.66 inches). Leaf width measures about 16.4 centimeters (6.45 inches). Leaflets have lengths of about 12 centimeters (4.72 inches) and widths of about 4.5 centimeters (1.77 inches).

Uppersides of fully developed leaves are dark green (Royal Horticultural Society colors 139A, 147A), with dark green or light green (RHS 144a, 144B) veins. Undersides of fully developed leaves are brown green (RHS 147B), with green brown (RHS 152A, 152B) venation.

Flowering occurs at stem tops, as terminal panicles. Flowers, which are upright in the loosely branching clusters, face outwardly. Each ‘Alexia’ plant puts forth about 31 flowers. Each flower, which does not persist, has a lifespan of about 10 days.

Panicles measure heights of about 19.6 centimeters (7.71 inches) and diameters of about 11.4 centimeters (4.48 inches). Each flower has a diameter of about 5.5 centimeters (2.16 inches) and a depth of about 2.3 centimeters (0.9 inches).

No petals are detected in the perianth (Ancient Greek: περί, perí, “about, around” + ἄνθος, ánthos, “flower”), the outermost of a flower’s four whorls, or sets of parts. Each ‘Alexia’ flower has about five sepals, the lowermost part of the perianth. Sepal shape is broadly ovate (Latin: ovatus, “egg-shaped”) to orbicular, with a rounded tip. Sepal edges and surfaces are smooth.

Upper surfaces of fully opened flowers are light green (RHS 144B). Lower surfaces are light green (RHS 145C), with light green to brown green (145B, 147D) coloring toward bases and centers.

Thierry van Paemel notes that the Helleborus plant named ‘Alexia’ is a good garden performer. ‘Alexia’ is tolerant of temperatures ranging from about minus 20 degrees to about 35 degrees Celsius (minus 4 degrees to 95 degrees Fahrenheit). The new cultivar tolerates rain and wind.

The Helleborus plant named ‘Alexia’ complements tenacious survival of elemental forces with attractiveness in color and shape as well as with a desirably lengthy blooming period throughout late winter.

'Alexia' is similar to another variety, 'Emma,' from the same cross-pollination program, but the two hellebores differ primarily in floral coloring; closeup of flowers and foliage of Helleborus plant named 'Emma,' Brighton, East Sussex, South East England: peganum, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

image of Helleborus plant named ‘Alexia’ included in patent application filed Friday, March 27, 2009, as application number 12/383848, with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO); United States Plant Patent No. US PP21,126; Date of Patent June 29, 2010: Thierry van Paemel, Public Domain, via U.S. Patent and Trademark Office @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP021126;
color scans via Plant Patents Image Database, Digital Collections @ University of Maryland Libraries, @ https://digital.lib.umd.edu/plantpatents/id/PP21126

Burrell, C. Colston; Judith Knott Tyler. Hellebores: A Comprehensive Guide. Portland OR: Timber Press, 2006.

“Helleborus Plant Named 'Alexia.’” United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). July 6, 2010.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP021149

"Helleborus Plant Named 'Candy Love.'" United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). Nov. 4, 2008.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP019413

“Helleborus Plant Named ‘Emma.’” United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). June 29, 2010.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP021126

"Helleborus Plant Named 'Snow Love.'" United States Patent and Trademark Office > Program in Word (PIW). Dec. 9, 2008.
Available @ http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=0&docid=PP019559

“Helleborus x ericsmithii ‘Pink Beauty.’” Perennials > Plants.
Available @ http://www.perennials.com/plants/helleborus-ericsmithii-pink-beauty.html

“Lenteroos ‘Alexia.’” Mijn Tuin > Planten.
Available @ https://www.mijntuin.org/plants/5238-lenteroos-alexia

“The Parts of a Flower.” The Robinson Library > Science > Botany > Plant Anatomy.
Available @ http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/science/botany/anatomy/flowerparts.htm

Rice, Graham; Elizabeth Strangman. The Gardener's Guide to Growing Hellebores. Newton Abbot, England: David and Charles, 2005.

Friday, October 21, 2016

China's Imperial Jade Heirloom Seal Worth Several Cities on Elementary

Summary: China's Imperial Jade Heirloom Seal, whose imaginative itinerary impels it "intact to Zhao," is "Worth Several Cities" on Elementary Oct. 16, 2016.

Qin dynasty founder and unified China's first empero Qin Shi Huang (Feb. 18, 259-Sep. 10, 210 BCE) designated a special jade disc as the imperial seal of unified China; illustration of Return the Jade Intact to the State of Zhao in Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru in Historical Records: ancient-origins @ancientorigins, via Twitter Dec. 19, 2016

The heirloom seal of the realm appears as the Imperial Jade Seal of China on the Worth Several Cities episode for the Columbia Broadcasting System procedural drama series Elementary Oct. 16, 2016.

Director Guy Ferland and writers Robert Doherty, Kelly Wheeler and Robert Hewitt Wolfe broach the Imperial Jade Heirloom Seal in Season 5's second episode, 98th overall. Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) and Halcon Zelaya (Jon Huertas), New York branch head of Mara Tres, collaborate to catch a drug dealer and a thief. Crystal methamphetamine drops for Halcon's drug-smuggler Reymundo Torres disguises the Imperial Jade Heirloom Seal of the Realm's delivery by North Korean ship Captain Pak (Raymond Ma).

Sherlock encounters an ancient message in Chinese characters, "Receive the Mandate of Heaven, and with it longevity and prosperity," in Torres's home in Woodbury, Long Island.

Sherlock figures out that "prints, after a fashion" that he found atop Torres's desk fit as the carved message on the bottom of a "green rock."

Sherlock and Torres's housemate respectively gauge the "green rock" as fortified by "a square base, about four or five inches, each side" and "snakes on top." Sherlock hails what the ambushed Salvadorian smuggler's metal box held as "the single most valuable missing object in human history, the Imperial Jade Seal of China." He identifies the "jade block, four inches square, topped by intertwined dragons" as the seal even though "no one's seen the thing in over 1,000 years."

History juggles dates between 907 and 1368 for what Sherlock judges as the 1,000-plus-year unsolved mystery of the missing Imperial Jade Heirloom Seal of the Realm.

The Imperial Jade Heirloom Seal perhaps knows almost 1,800 years under the Chinese name Chuán guó xī and 470 years before that as "He's jade stone."

Han Fei (280 B.C.?-233 B.C.) listed Bian He as losing left and right feet to King Wu (died 690 B.C.) and King Wên (died 677 B.C.). The author of Han Feizi ("Master Han Fei") and philosopher from Han State east and north of Chu mentioned amputation as punishment for "an ordinary stone." King Chêng (died 626 B.C.) noted the mistake in "the calling a precious gem an ordinary stone and for their dubbing an honest man a liar."

Theft from Chu occasioned possession through purchase by Zhao, state north of Wei and Han, until the end of the Warring States period (481 B.C.?-221 B.C.).

Qin Shi Huang (Feb. 18, 259 B.C.-Sep. 10, 210 B.C.) possessed the jade for which King Zhaoxiang (died 250 B.C.) of Qin previously promised 15 cities.

Victory over the Chu, Han, Qi, Wei, Yan and Zhao states qualified unified China's first emperor for He's jade disc as an Imperial Jade Heirloom Seal. Qin Shi Huang recruited Chancellor Li Si (died 208 B.C.) for the words that Sun Shou recorded on the bottom of the Imperial Jade Heirloom Seal. The jade survived as Imperial Jade Heirloom Seal of the Qin (221-206 B.C.), Han (202 B.C.-220), Wei (220-266), Ji (226-420), Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907) Dynasties.

Who took the Imperial Jade Heirloom Seal, "valued at multiple cities," away from, not "intact to Zhao," during the turbulent Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907-960)?

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Sherlock Holmes' (Jonny Lee Miller) kidnapping by a gang leads to discovery of the long-lost Imperial Jade Seal of China in CBS Elementary tv series Worth Several Cities (season 5 episode 2): Elementary @ElementaryCBS via Facebook Oct. 11, 2016, @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/photos/a.151627898295663.14686.151013691690417/600084106783371/

For further information:

ancient-origins ‏@ancientorigins. 19 December 2016. "The #Legend of the Imperial #Jade Seal of #China, An Heirloom Lost in Time." Twitter.
Available @ https://twitter.com/ancientorigins/status/810860534836981762

Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. London England: George Newnes Ltd., 1892.

Elementary @ElementaryCBS. 11 October 2016. "Sherlock is kidnapped by a local street gang on a new Elementary, this Sunday, Oct. 16 at 10/9c." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/photos/a.151627898295663.14686.151013691690417/600084106783371/

Kinney, Anne; and the University of Virginia. 2003. "Chapter XIII. The Difficulty of Pien Ho." The Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities > Traditions of Exemplary Women > Book Four.
Available @ http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/saxon/servlet/SaxonServlet?source=xwomen/texts/hanfei.xml&style=xwomen/xsl/dynaxml.xsl&chunk.id=d2.13&toc.depth=1&toc.id=0&doc.lang=bilingual

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 May 2016. “Mopane Worm Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Invisible Hand.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/mopane-worm-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2016. “Johannes Vermeer Painting The Astronomer: Elementary's Invisible Hand.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/johannes-vermeer-painting-astronomer.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2016. “Shih Tzu Dog Breed and Elementary's Up to Heaven and Down to Hell.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/shih-tzu-dog-breed-and-elementarys-up.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2016. “Mushroom Botanical Illustrations and Elementary's A Study in Charlotte.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/mushroom-botanical-illustrations-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 November 2015. "Black-Capped Central American Squirrel Monkeys and Elementary Series." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/11/black-capped-central-american-squirrel.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 November 2015. “Tienchi-Flower Tea and Elementary's Evidence of Things Not Seen.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/11/tienchi-flower-tea-and-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 April 2015. “Pablo Picasso Painting Woman Reading on Elementary's A Stitch in Time.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/pablo-picasso-painting-woman-reading-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 February 2015. “Extinct Quagga Plains Zebra on Elementary's The Female of the Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/extinct-quagga-plains-zebra-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2015. “Elementary's Yellow Clivia and Yellow Clivia Botanical Illustrations.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/01/elementarys-yellow-clivia-and-yellow.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 December 2014. “Elementary's Nutmeg Concoction and Nutmeg Botanical Illustrations.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/elementarys-nutmeg-concoction-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 November 2014. “Elementary's Bird in Blue-Throated Macaw Natural History Illustrations.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/11/elementarys-bird-in-blue-throated-macaw.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 October 2014. “Bearded Dragon Natural History Illustrations: Not Elementary's Nemesis.” Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/bearded-dragon-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 May 2014. “Ficus Benjamina Botanical Illustrations and Elementary's Stunted Tree.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/05/ficus-benjamina-botanical-illustrations.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 February 2014. “Dimetrodon Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Dimetrodon.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/dimetrodon-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 January 2014. “Nanotyrannus Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Dead Clade Walking.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/01/nanotyrannus-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2013. “Fruit in Osage Orange Botanical Illustrations and Elementary Series.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/fruit-in-osage-orange-botanical.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 November 2013. “George Stubbs Painting The Godolphin Arabian and Elementary's Nutmeg.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/11/george-stubbs-painting-godolphin.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 November 2013. “John Wootton Painting The Darley Arabian and Elementary's Studhorse.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/11/john-wootton-painting-darley-arabian.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 November 2013. “John Wootton Painting The Byerley Turk and Elementary's Thoroughbreds.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/11/john-wootton-painting-byerley-turk-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 August 2013. “Turner Fighting Temeraire Painting in Elementary Series Episode The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/turner-fighting-temeraire-painting-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2013. “Paul Gauguin Painting Tahitian Women on the Beach in Elementary's The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/paul-gauguin-painting-tahitian-women-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2013. “Rubens Painting The Incredulity of St Thomas in Elementary's The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/rubens-painting-incredulity-of-st.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 May 2013. “Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Painting Rousse in Elementary Episode The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/henri-de-toulouse-lautrec-painting.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 May 2013. “The Bruegel Painted Parable in the Elementary Series Episode The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/the-bruegel-painted-parable-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 February 2013. “Osmia Avosetta Natural History Illustrations for Elementary's Bee.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/osmia-avosetta-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 February 2013. “Russian Tortoise Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Clyde Jan. 31, 2013.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/russian-tortoise-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 January 2013. “Costliest, World-Most Expensive Chopard Watch: 201 Carats at $25 Million.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/costliest-world-most-expensive-chopard.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 January 2013. “Chopard Watch Worth $25 Million on Elementary Episode The Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/chopard-watch-worth-25-million-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 January 2013. “Claude Monet Painting Nympheas 1918 in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/claude-monet-painting-nympheas-1918-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 January 2013. “Paul Cézanne Still Life Painting Fruit in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/paul-cezanne-still-life-painting-fruit.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 December 2012. “Paul Signac Painting Women at the Well in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/paul-signac-painting-women-at-well-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 December 2012. “The Van Gogh Pietà Painting in Elementary Series Episode The Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-van-gogh-pieta-painting-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2012. “Edward Hopper Painting Western Motel in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/edward-hopper-painting-western-motel-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2012. "Are Lesser Clovers Sherlock's Lucky Shamrocks on Elementary's Pilot?" Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/09/are-lesser-clovers-sherlocks-lucky.html

"Worth Several Cities." Elementary: The Fifth Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Oct. 1, 2016.