Dreyer Crater Honors Danish British Astronomer John Louis Emil Dreyer

Summary: Dreyer Crater honors Danish British astronomer John Louis Emil Dreyer, who is best known for carefully compiled nebulae and star cluster catalogues.

Details of Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) 64 shows the lunar far side’s Dreyer Crater with its six satellites along the eastern edge of Mare Marginis (Sea of the Edge); courtesy NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) / GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) / ASU (Arizona State University): Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Dreyer Crater honors Danish British astronomer John Louis Emil Dreyer, whose astronomical publications include meticulously compiled catalogues of nebulae and star clusters.

Dreyer Crater occurs on the lunar far side as a lunar impact crater with a small opening at its south end. A low central ridge rises at the midpoint of the crater’s fairly level interior floor.

Dreyer Crater is centered at 10.24 degrees north latitude, 97.09 degrees east longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The northern hemisphere crater finds its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 11.29 degrees north and 9.18 degrees north, respectively. The eastern hemisphere crater posts easternmost and westernmost longitudes of 98.16 degrees east and 96.03 degrees east, respectively. Gill Crater’s diameter spans 63.84 kilometers.

Dreyer Crater parents six satellites in the equatorial latitudes on the lunar far side. Four of the Gill Crater system’s six craters associate with their parent’s eastern side. Two satellites reside to the west of their parent.

Dreyer Crater lies along the eastern edge of Mare Marginis (Sea of the Edge). The equatorial-latitude lunar mare (Latin: mare, “sea”) wraps around the lunar near side’s northeastern limb in its occupancy of far side and near side portions of the moon’s eastern and northern hemispheres.

Mare Marginis is centered at 12.7 degrees north latitude, 86.52 degrees east longitude. The northern hemisphere lunar mare registers northernmost and southernmost latitudes of 18.59 degrees north and 9.81 degrees north, respectively. The eastern hemisphere lunar mare records easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 93.35 degrees east and 81.15 degrees east, respectively. Mare Marginis has a diameter of 357.63 kilometers.

Ginzel Crater and its attached satellite, Ginzel L, reside as Dreyer Crater’s nearest named, non-Dreyer system neighbors. They are located to the north-northeast of Dreyer Crater.

Ginzel Crater is centered at 14.25 degrees north latitude, 97.4 degrees east longitude. The largely flooded crater finds its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 15.13 degrees north and 13.37 degrees north, respectively. It posts easternmost and westernmost longitudes of 98.31 degrees east and 96.49 degrees east, respectively. Ginzel Crater’s diameter measures 53.23 kilometers.

Ginzel L is attached to its parent’s southern rim. The flooded satellite is centered at 13.07 degrees north latitude, 97.8 degrees east longitude. It confines its northernmost and southernmost latitudes to 13.53 degrees north and 12.61 degrees north, respectively. It restricts its easternmost and westernmost longitudes to 98.27 degrees east and 97.33 degrees east, respectively. Ginzel L has a diameter of 27.99 kilometers.

Dreyer Crater honors Danish British astronomer John Louis Emil Dreyer (Feb. 13, 1852-Sept. 14, 1926). The International Astronomical Union (IAU) approved Dreyer as the crater’s official name in 1970, during the organization’s XIVth (15th) General Assembly, held in Brighton, United Kingdom, from Tuesday, Aug. 18, to Thursday, Aug. 27. Prior to its official naming, Dreyer Crater was referenced as Crater 191. The letter designations for the Dreyer Crater system’s six satellites received approval in 2006.

Dreyer’s obituary in the Feb. 11, 1927, issue of the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society noted 14-year-old Dreyer’s reading of a book about accomplished Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (Dec. 14, 1546-Oct. 24, 1601) instilled in him the resolve to become an astronomer. He honored Brahe’s influence on astronomy in two massive publications. Tycho Brahe: A Picture of Scientific Life in the Sixteenth Century was published in 1890. He compiled all of Brahe’s writings into Omnia Opera Tychonis Brahe Dani, published in 15 volumes between 1913 and 1929.

The Royal Astronomical Society’s webpage on John Louis Emil Dreyer gives March 12, 1875, as the date of his election as a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society (FRAS). Danish-born Dreyer became a British citizen in 1885.

Dreyer is best known for his meticulously compiled catalogues of nebulae and star clusters. In 1878, he published “A Supplement to Sir John Herschel’s ‘General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars’” in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. In 1888, he issued “A New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, Being the Catalogue of the Late Sir John F.W. Herschel, Bart., Revised, Corrected and Enlarged” the Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. In 1895, he published “Index Catalogue of Nebulae Found in the Years 1888 to 1894, With Notes and Corrections to the New General Catalogue” in the Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. In 1908, he published the Second Index Catalogue in the Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society.

The takeaways for Dreyer Crater, which honors Danish British astronomer John Louis Emil Dreyer, are that the largely flooded, far side lunar impact crater lies along the eastern edge of Mare Marginis (Sea of the Edge), just beyond the near side’s northeastern limb; that the equatorial region crater parents six satellites; that the crater’s namesake was inspired by the astronomical accomplishments of 16th-century Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe to become an astronomer; and that Dreyer is best known for his meticulously compiled catalogues of nebulae and star clusters.

Detail of Shaded Relief and Color-Coded Topography Map shows Dreyer Crater as an equatorial neighbor of the lunar far side’s portion of Mare Marginis (Sea of the Edge): U.S. Geological Survey, Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Details of Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) 64 shows the lunar far side’s Dreyer Crater with its six satellites along the eastern edge of Mare Marginis (Sea of the Edge); courtesy NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) / GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) / ASU (Arizona State University): Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Lunar/lac_64_wac.pdf

Detail of Shaded Relief and Color-Coded Topography Map shows Dreyer Crater as an equatorial neighbor of the lunar far side’s portion of Mare Marginis (Sea of the Edge): U.S. Geological Survey, Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/moon_farside.pdf

For further information:

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Costliest, World-Most Expensive Chopard Watch: 201 Carats at $25 Million

Summary: The costliest, world-most expensive Chopard watch has 201 carats for $25 million since 2000 and a role on Elementary episode The Leviathan Dec. 13, 2012.

Chopard's $25 million, 201 carat luxury watch lends its fame as the world's most expensive watch to Elementary tv series' Leviathan episode (season 1 episode 10): tmco @timemerchantco, via Twitter Oct. 23, 2012

The costliest Chopard watch and the world-most expensive watch are one and the same in the first-year episode The Leviathan in the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) television series Elementary Dec. 13, 2012.

Director Peter Werner and writers Corinne Brinkerhoff, Robert Doherty and Craig Sweeny bring up only the carats and price for the costliest, world-most expensive Chopard watch. They configure no images and no information other than a total of 201 carats in diamonds and of $25 million in cost to the Chopard customer. They do not divulge which division, whether ladies' wristwatches under Chopard co-president Caroline Gruosi-Scheufele or men's wristwatches under Chopard co-president Karl-Friedrich Scheufele, designed the diamond-decorated watch.

Online-imaged examples exhibit in one all-color, top-viewed dimension the costliest, world-most expensive Chopard watch never extracted for Elementary enthusiasts from Joan Watson's (Lucy Liu) crime-scene box.

The costliest, world-most expensive Chopard watch features 201 carats in the form of 874 diamonds fit into flower and heart formations atop white and yellow gold.

One 11.36-carat D color (white) Flawless, 12.79-carat natural Fancy Blue VS2 and 15.37-carat natural Fancy Pink Internally Flawless heart-shaped diamond trio goes over the watch face. Twenty-six natural Fancy Intense Yellow pear-shaped, 48 natural Fancy Yellow round and 91 D color Flawless pear-shaped diamonds respectively have 17.07, 8.81 and 10.29 total carats. The fine gemmery, jewelry, timepiece collection wristwatch includes 60.94 carats as 260 white Flawless pear-shaped diamonds and 4.95 as 443 natural Fancy Intense Yellow FC diamonds.

A spring-loaded mechanism jumps the heart-shaped diamonds back, like opening petals, from the watch face, which juggles an 8.45-carat natural Fancy Intense Yellow pear-shaped diamond trio.

The second owners, Karl and Karin Scheufele, keep up, since 1963, Chopard family traditions of precision watchmaking since 1860 in Sonvilier and since 1937 in Geneva.

Paul-Louis Chopard (1859-1940), son of founder Louis-Ulysse Chopard (May 4, 1836-Jan. 30, 1915) and Laure Lida Marchand, launched the ladies' wristwatch division in Geneva in 1921. The Scheufele family maintains the ladies' accessory, fragrance, jewelry and wristwatch division under daughter Caroline Gruosi-Scheufele's co-presidency and the men's wristwatches under son Karl-Friedrich Scheufele's co-presidency. Sonia Kolesnikov-Jessop, in Chopard Maintains a Bold Outook for The New York Times April 17, 2009, noted Caroline Gruosi-Scheufele's co-presidency nurturing divisions beyond Chopard watchmaking traditions.

Gruosi-Scheufele observes that 60 percent of revenue from all Chopard product sales occurs in ladies' and men's wristwatch divisions and that jewelry divisions obtain 40 percent.

The costliest, world-most expensive Chopard watch perseveres in the fine gem, jewel and timepiece divisions where Gruosi-Scheufele, promotes Cannes Festival and Oscar ceremonial jewelry for stars.

The 150 animals that queued up in jewelry for 2010 qualify as special product lines that quantify 150 years of Chopard products in Switzerland since 1860. The costliest, world-most expensive Chopard watch realizes special status as the highest-priced wearable timepiece with the most high-grade diamonds, at an average of $27,777 per carat. Like Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) in long-sleeved suits with John Varvatos boots, Joan selects minimal jewelry-friendly clothing, perhaps from sanctions against metal-wearing during surgery shifts.

The costliest, world-most expensive Chopard watch, outside Elementary, takes second-place behind Jaeger-LeCoultre's priceless Joaillerie 101 Manchette watch for Queen Elizabeth's 60th Diamond Jubilee Feb. 6, 2012.

Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) surprises Joan Watson (Lucy Liu) by joining her family dinner in CBS Elementary's Leviathan (season 1 episode 10): Elementary @CBSElementary, via Facebook Dec. 11, 2012

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Chopard's $25 million, 201 carat luxury watch lends its fame as the world's most expensive watch to Elementary tv series' Leviathan episode (season 1 episode 10): tmco @timemerchantco, via Twitter Oct. 23, 2012, @ https://twitter.com/timemerchantco/status/260854869001375744

Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) surprises Joan Watson (Lucy Liu) by joining her family dinner in CBS Elementary's Leviathan (season 1 episode 10): Elementary @CBSElementary, via Facebook Dec. 11, 2012, @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/photos/a.151627898295663/202391073219345

For further information:

"Chopard's History." Chopard > La Maison Chopard.
Available @ https://www.chopard.com/us/chopard-history/

Crouch, Christina. 2 December 2007. "$25 Million Dollar Watch from Chopard." SlashGear.
Available @ https://www.slashgear.com/25-million-dollar-watch-from-chopard-249184/

Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. London England: George Newnes Ltd., 1892.
Available via Project Gutenberg @ http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1661?msg=welcome_stranger

Elementary @CBSElementary. 11 December 2012. "Get ready to meet Watson's family in Thursday's all new Elementary: http://bit.ly/SOL9o9." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/photos/a.151627898295663/202391073219345

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"15 Most Expensive Wristwatches That Costs [sic] over 1 Million Dollar [sic]." TiptopWatches > Watch Facts > Sep. 20, 2010.
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Kolesnikov-Jessop, Sonia. 17 April 2009. "Chopard Maintains a Bold Outlook." The New York Times > Global Business > Spotlight.
Available @ http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/18/business/global/18iht-spot18.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 January 2013. “Chopard Watch Worth $25 Million on Elementary Episode The Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/chopard-watch-worth-25-million-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 January 2013. “Claude Monet Painting Nympheas 1918 in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/claude-monet-painting-nympheas-1918-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 January 2013. “Paul Cézanne Still Life Painting Fruit in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/paul-cezanne-still-life-painting-fruit.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 December 2012. “Paul Signac Painting Women at the Well in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/paul-signac-painting-women-at-well-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 December 2012. “The Van Gogh Pietà Painting in Elementary Series Episode The Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-van-gogh-pieta-painting-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2012. “Edward Hopper Painting Western Motel in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/edward-hopper-painting-western-motel-in.html

"Timeline." Chopard > La Maison Chopard.
Available @ https://www.chopard.com/intl/

Halley Crater Parents Four Satellites Southeast of Sinus Medii

Summary: Halley Crater parents four satellites southeast of Sinus Medii (Bay of the Center) in the lunar near side’s southeastern quadrant.

Detail of Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) 77 shows the lunar near side’s Halley Crater system’s primary crater, Halley, and four satellites; courtesy NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) / GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) / ASU (Arizona State University): Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Halley Crater parents four satellites southeast of Sinus Medii (Bay of the Center) in the southern equatorial latitudes of the near side’s southeastern quadrant.

Halley Crater is centered at minus 8.05 degrees south latitude, 5.73 degrees east longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The southern hemisphere crater places its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 7.48 degrees south and minus 8.62 degrees south, respectively. The eastern hemisphere crater establishes its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 6.31 degrees east and 5.15 degrees east, respectively. Halley Crater’s diameter spans 34.59 kilometers.

Halley Crater parents a quartet of satellites. Its four satellites assume southerly placements with respect to their parent.

Halley B lies to the west-southwest of its parent. Both Halley Crater and Halley B are positioned as intruders into the southern rim of their western neighbor, Hipparchus Crater. Halley B’s placement qualifies it as the most westerly of the Halley Crater system’s four satellites.

Halley B is centered at minus 8.48 degrees south latitude, 4.45 degrees east longitude. Satellite B confines its northernmost and southernmost latitudes to minus 8.39 degrees south and minus 8.57 degrees south, respectively. It restricts its easternmost and westernmost longitudes to 4.55 degrees east and 4.36 degrees east, respectively. Halley B’s diameter of 5.45 kilometers qualifies it as the largest of the Halley Crater system’s four satellites.

Halley K snuggles against its parent’s southern rim. Satellite K is centered at minus 8.57 degrees south latitude, 5.82 degrees east longitude. It trims into northernmost and southernmost latitudes to minus 8.49 degrees south and minus 8.64 degrees south, respectively. It narrows its easternmost and westernmost longitudes to 5.89 degrees east and 5.79 degrees east, respectively. Halley K has a diameter of 4.45 kilometers.

Halley G lies to the southwest of its parent. Satellite G is positioned on the western side of the valleyed scar that cuts through Halley Crater’s western rim and slashes the terrain to the southeast.

Halley G is centered at minus 8.57 degrees south latitude, 5.82 degrees east longitude. The satellite’s northernmost and southernmost latitudes are limited to minus 8.49 degrees south and minus 8.64 degrees south, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes occur at 5.89 degrees east and 5.74 degrees east, respectively. Halley G has a diameter of 4.45 kilometers.

Halley G’s diameter is identical to Halley K’s diameter. Halley G and Halley K tie for the rank of smallest satellite in the Halley Crater system.

Halley C resides to the southeast of its parent and of Halley G. Halley C is located on the eastern side of the valley that scars the Halley Crater system’s southeastern terrain. Halley C’s placement qualifies it as the most easterly and the most southerly of the Halley Crater system’s four satellites. Halley C lies the most distantly of the Halley Crater system’s satellites from its parent.

Halley C is centered at minus 9.88 degrees south latitude, 6.63 degrees east longitude. The satellite reduces its northernmost and southernmost latitudes to minus 9.81 degrees south and minus 9.96 degrees south, respectively. It confines its easternmost and westernmost longitudes to 6.7 degrees east and 6.55 degrees east, respectively. Halley C’s diameter measures 4.7 kilometers.

The Halley Crater system occupies the central equatorial region of the near side’s portion of the moon’s southern hemisphere. The primary and four satellite craters lie to the southeast of Sinus Medii (Bay of the Center).

Sinus Medii’s name reflects its placement at the intersection of the lunar equator and prime meridian. The meeting of zero degrees latitude and zero degrees longitude occurs in the central area of the lunar near side. Sinus Medii’s placement qualifies the small lunar mare for occupancy in all four lunar hemispheres: eastern and western hemispheres, northern and southern hemispheres.

Sinus Medii is centered at 1.63 degrees north latitude, 1.03 degrees east longitude. The equatorial lunar mare’s northernmost and southernmost latitudes extend to 4.64 degrees north and minus 2.05 degrees south, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes reach 5.55 degrees east and minus 3.37 degrees west. Sinus Medii’s diameter spans 286.67 kilometers.

The takeaways for Halley Crater’s parentage of four satellites southeast of Sinus Medii (Bay of the Center) are that the quartet of satellites associates with their parent’s southern half; that Halley B, the Halley Crater system’s most westerly satellite, qualifies as the system’s largest satellite; that Halley G and Halley K tie as the Halley Crater system’s smallest satellites; and that the most distant satellite, Halley C, qualifies as the most easterly and most southerly of the Halley Crater system’s four satellites.

View obtained November 1969 with Hasselblad camera during Apollo 12 mission shows Halley Crater system (labels added); film magazine 50/Q; NASA ID AS12-50-7430: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Detail of Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) 77 shows the lunar near side’s Halley Crater system’s primary crater, Halley, and four satellites; courtesy NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) / GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) / ASU (Arizona State University): Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Lunar/lac_77_wac.pdf

View obtained November 1969 with Hasselblad camera during Apollo 12 mission shows Halley Crater system (labels added); film magazine 50/Q; NASA ID AS12-50-7430: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AS12-50-7430_(21676574416).jpg;
Project Apollo Archive (Apollo Image Gallery), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/projectapolloarchive/21676574416/

For further information:

Consolmagno, Guy; and Dan M. Davis. Turn Left at Orion. Fourth edition. Cambridge UK; New York NY: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Grego, Peter. The Moon and How to Observe It. Astronomers’ Observing Guides. London UK: Springer-Verlag, 2005.

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Halley.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/2330

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Halley B.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/9692

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Halley C.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/9693

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Halley G.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/9694

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Halley K.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/9695

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Sinus Medii.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/ 5567

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Target: The Moon.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/MOON/target

Levy, David H. Skywatching. Revised and updated. San Francisco CA: Fog City Press, 1994.

Marriner, Derdriu. “Halley Crater Honors British Astronomer Edmond Halley.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Jan. 16, 2013.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/halley-crater-honors-british-astronomer.html

The Moon Wiki. “Halley.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > H Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Halley

The Moon Wiki. “IAU Directions.” The Moon.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/IAU_directions

The Moon Wiki. “Sinus Medii.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > M Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Sinus_Medii

Moore, Patrick, Sir. Philip’s Atlas of the Universe. Revised edition. London UK: Philip’s, 2005.

Chopard Watch Worth $25 Million on Elementary Episode The Leviathan

Summary: One thief extracts a Chopard watch and the Van Gogh Pietà, estimated at $25 million and at $50 million, in Elementary episode The Leviathan Dec. 13, 2012.

Joan Watson (Lucy Liu) can't believe that "I got on the subway with a Chopard watch" with "200 carats of diamonds" in a box as she assists Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) in transporting recovered stolen art work and jewelry to Captain Tommy Gregson (Aidan Quinn) at the 11th Precinct.": Elementary @ElementaryCBS, via Facebook Dec. 13, 2012

One Chopard watch and one Vincent van Gogh Pietà add $25 million and $50 million to estimated values of absconded coins and folios in Elementary series episode the Leviathan Dec. 13, 2012.

Director Peter Werner and writers Corinne Brinkerhoff, Robert Doherty and Craig Sweeny brandish no images of the Chopard watch in Joan Watson's (Lucy Liu) loose-lidded box. Joan comments that "I can't believe I got on the subway with a Chopard watch" while Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) clutches a scrolled-up Van Gogh. Sherlock declares that "There are 200 carats of diamonds on that thing" and Joan decides that "I don't even want to know how much it costs."

Sherlock exempts himself from all orders and elaborates, "The watch is $25 million. The Pietà almost twice that, if recent auctions are anything to go by."

Peter Kent filched tetradrachm coins, Vincent van Gogh's (March 30, 183-July 29, 1890) painting Pietà ("Sorrow") and William Shakespeare's (April 23, 1564?-April 23, 1616) first folio.

Joan and Sherlock gather that the ailing philanthropist no longer goes out from the Kent Philanthropic Foundation as his criminal alter ego Le Chevalier ("The Cavalier"). Joan hands 11th Precinct Captain Tommy Gregson (Aidan Quinn) the boxed hoard even though Sherlock holds back the Pietà until he hauls in the Leviathan robbers. It is not up to viewers to imagine Greek money as coins and as cufflinks ideated by Peter Kent and identified by Sherlock in a photograph.

The Chopard watch juggles any number of bejeweled juxtapositions of gems, glass and metal into elegant, female- and male-specific, high-end, precise, signature, themed, timekeeping, wrist-worn jewelry.

Karl and Karin Scheufele kept the founding name when they purchased Chopard in 1963 from Paul-André Chopard, grandson of Louis-Ulysse Chopard (May 4, 1836-Jan. 30, 1915).

Paul-Louis located ladies wristwatches and pocket-watches from Sonvilier, where his father launched chronometers and pocket-watches in 1860, to Chaux-de-Fonds in 1921 and to Geneva in 1937. Scheufele, from Art Deco-modeled jewelry and timepiece family operations in Pforzheim, Germany, since 1904, made Meyrin operations center in 1974 and Fleurier manufacturing center in 1996. Daughter Caroline Gruosi-Scheufele and son Karl-Friedrich Scheufele netted the co-presidency while respectively directing ladies' accessories, fragrances, jewelry and wristwatches and mechanical movement manufacturing and men's wristwatches.

Chopard watch design and manufacturing offered the Happy Diamonds, Luna D'Oro calendar, Happy Sport and Mille Miglia ("Thousand Miles") collections in 1976, 1984, 1988 and 1993.

Montres Passion and Uhrenwelt magazines proclaimed the L.U.C 1860, first Chopard watch produced at the all-in-one manufacturing facility in Fleurier, watch of the year in 1997.

Precious-metaled, precious-stoned Cašmir and Pushkin, Imperiale, Ice Cube, Jacky Ickx and Haute Joaillerie and Horlogerie collections queued up in 1990, 1994, 1999, 2003, 2007 and 2010. Chopard realized 100 stand-alone stores worldwide and €550 million ($731.5 million) in sales, of which €250 million ($332.5 million) from watches in 2010, its 150th anniversary.

Kent shared nothing of his schemes with his family even though it seems likely that the Chopard watch originally sparkled on a female family member's wrist. Perhaps a Chopard watch turns Joan and Sherlock toward tracking Caroline Gruosi-Scheufele's £1 million ($1.57 million) 16.83-carat emerald ring taken in Hong Kong Sep. 8, 2011.

Among stolen art work recovered by Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) and Joan Watson (Lucy Liu) is a Chopard watch adorned with "200 carats of diamonds" and valued at "$25 million" in Elementary tv series Leviathan (season 1 episode 10); in 2012, Chopard claimed creation of the world's most expensive watch, with 201 carats and valued at $25 million: tmco @timemerchantco, via Twitter Oct. 23, 2012

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Joan Watson (Lucy Liu) can't believe that "I got on the subway with a Chopard watch" with "200 carats of diamonds" in a box as she assists Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) in transporting recovered stolen art work and jewelry to Captain Tommy Gregson (Aidan Quinn) at the 11th Precinct.: Elementary @ElementaryCBS, via Facebook Dec. 13, 2012, @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/photos/a.151627898295663.14686.151013691690417/202943863164066

Among stolen art work recovered by Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) and Joan Watson (Lucy Liu) is a Chopard watch adorned with "200 carats of diamonds" and valued at "$25 million" in Elementary tv series Leviathan (season 1 episode 10); in 2012, Chopard claimed creation of the world's most expensive watch, with 201 carats and valued at $25 million: tmco @timemerchantco, via Twitter Oct. 23, 2012, @ https://twitter.com/timemerchantco/status/260854869001375744

For further information:

"Chopard's History." Chopard > La Maison Chopard.
Available @ https://www.chopard.com/us/chopard-history/

Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. London England: George Newnes Ltd., 1892.
Available via Project Gutenberg @ http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1661?msg=welcome_stranger

Elementary: The First Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Dec. 13, 2012.

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 January 2013. “Claude Monet Painting Nympheas 1918 in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/claude-monet-painting-nympheas-1918-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 January 2013. “Paul Cézanne Still Life Painting Fruit in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/paul-cezanne-still-life-painting-fruit.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 December 2012. “Paul Signac Painting Women at the Well in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/paul-signac-painting-women-at-well-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 December 2012. “The Van Gogh Pietà Painting in Elementary Series Episode The Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-van-gogh-pieta-painting-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2012. “Edward Hopper Painting Western Motel in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/edward-hopper-painting-western-motel-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2012. "Are Lesser Clovers Sherlock's Lucky Shamrocks on Elementary's Pilot?" Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/09/are-lesser-clovers-sherlocks-lucky.html

Miller, Daniel. 19 January 2012. "The Woman Who Left £1M Emerald and Diamond Ring in Hotel Bathroom After Taking It Off to Wash Her Hands." Daily Mail > News.
Available @ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2088423/Hong-Kong-police-hunt-1million-emerald-ring-owner-leaves-hotel-bathroom.html

Nikolas, Katerina. 19 January 2012. "Police hunt for €1 Million Emerald Millionairess Left in Bathroom." Digital Journal > News > World.
Available @ http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/318128

Parry, Hazel. 18 January 2012. "Chopard Head Loses 1.5Million Dollar Ring." Sowetan Live > News > World.
Available @ https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/world/2012-01-18-chopard-head-loses-15million-dollar-ring/

Halley Crater Honors British Astronomer Edmond Halley

Summary: Halley Crater honors British astronomer Edmond Halley, who accurately predicted the 1758 return of the comet that bears his name.

Oblique view, obtained April 1972 during Apollo 16 mission, shows Halley Crater’s intrusion (lower center) into Hipparchus Crater (center), with Sinus Medii (Bay of the Center) near horizon (upper left); NASA ID AS-0839: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The lunar near side’s Halley Crater honors British astronomer Edmond Halley, whose astronomical achievements include accurately predicting the 1758 return of the short-period comet that bears his name.

Halley Crater occurs as an equatorial-latitude impact crater in the lunar near side’s southeastern quadrant. The somewhat worn-rimmed crater presents a relatively level interior floor.

Victorian selenographer Thomas Gwyn Empy Elger (Oct. 27, 1836-Jan. 9, 1897) included Halley Crater in his comprehensive lunar guide, The Moon: A Full Description and Map of Its Principal Physical Features, published in 1895. He described the crater’s “bright” western wall as “. . . rising at one point . . . to a height of 7500 feet above the floor, which is depressed about 4000 feet below the surface” (pages 143-144). He also noted two floor craterlets as raising “. . . a suspicion of recent lunar activity within this ring” (page 144).

Halley Crater is centered at minus 8.05 degrees south latitude, 5.73 degrees east longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The southern hemisphere crater obtains its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 7.48 degrees south and minus 8.62 degrees south, respectively. The eastern hemisphere crater’s easternmost and westernmost longitudes occur at 6.31 degrees east and 5.15 degrees east, respectively. Halley Crater’s diameter measures 34.59 kilometers.

Halley barges into the southern wall of Hipparchus. The larger impact crater has a worn rim and a partially resurfaced floor. The relative smoothness of the lava-flow resurfaced portion of Hipparchus contrasts with the ruggedness of the crater's southwestern floor, where Halley Crater intrudes.

Hipparchus is centered at minus 5.36 degrees south latitude, 4.91 degrees east longitude. It records northernmost and southernmost latitudes of minus 2.98 degrees south and minus 7.73 degrees south, respectively. It registers easternmost and westernmost longitudes of 7.3 degrees east and 2.53 degrees east, respectively. Hipparchus has a diameter of 143.95 kilometers.

A bright scar appearing on Hipparchus’ southern rim slashes in a south-southeast orientation into Halley’s northwestern rim and brightens much of Halley’s western rim. The feature, which Elger describes as a “magnificent valley,” continues, less brightly, near the southeastern ramparts of Albategnius.

Lying to the southwest of Halley Crater, Albategnius exhibits a terraced rim. The crater’s central peak prominently rises, as the midpoint’s western offset, above the level interior floor.

Albategnius is centered at minus 11.24 degrees south latitude, 4.01 degrees east longitude. It posts northernmost and southernmost latitudes of minus 9.09 degrees south and minus 13.41 degrees south, respectively. It finds its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 6.2 degrees east and 1.8 degrees east, respectively. Albategnius has a diameter of 130.84 kilometers.

Halley Crater parents four satellites in the equatorial latitudes on the lunar near side. Two of the Halley Crater system’s four satellites, Halley B and Halley G, associate with their parent’s western side. Halley C is an east-side resident. Halley K nestles into its parent’s southern rim.

Halley Crater honors British astronomer Edmond Halley (Nov. 8, 1656-Jan. 25, 1742). The International Astronomical Union (IAU) approved Halley as the crater’s official name in 1935, during the organization’s XVth (5th) General Assembly, which was held in Paris, France, from Wednesday, July 10, to Wednesday, July 17. The letter designations for the Halley Crater system’s four satellites received approval in 2006.

Edmund Halley’s legacy includes his association with the comet that bears his name, Halley’s Comet. Also known as Comet Halley, the short-period comet has the official designation of 1P/Halley.

In “A Synopsis of the Astronomy of Comets,” first published in Latin as Astronomiae Cometicae Synopsis in the March 1705 issue of The Royal Society’s Philosophical Transactions, Halley determined that comet sightings in 1531, 1607 and 1682 concerned the same comet. He stated in the English version of the article: “And, indeed, there are many Things which make me believe that the Comet which Apian obſerv’d in the Year 1531, was the ſame with that which Kepler and Longomontanus took Notice of and deſcrib’d in the Year 1607, and which I my ſelf have ſeen return, and obſerv’d in the Year 1682. All the elements agree, and nothing ſeems to contradict this my Opinion . . .” (page 21).

He linked the three sightings with an earlier, 15th-century sighting. He explained: “. . . in the Year 1456, in the Summer time, a Comet was ſeen paſſing Retrograde between the Earth and the Sun, much after the ſame Manner: Which, tho’ no Body made Obſervations upon it, yet from its Period, and the Manner of its Tranſit, I cannot think different from thoſe I have juſt now mention’d.”

Halley then predicted: “Hence I dare venture to foretell, That it will return again in the Year 1758” (page 22).

The takeaways for Halley Crater, which honors British astronomer Edmond Halley, are that the lunar impact crater lies in the near side’s southeastern quadrant; that Halley Crater intrudes into the southern wall of Hipparchus Crater; that the equatorial region crater parents four satellites; that the crater’s namesake is particularly remembered for his accurate prediction of the 1758 reappearance of the comet that bears his name.

Detail of Shaded Relief and Color-Coded Topography Map shows (center right) Halley Crater’s equatorial-latitude neighborhood in the lunar near side’s southeastern quadrant: U.S. Geological Survey, Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Oblique view, obtained April 1972 during Apollo 16 mission, shows Halley Crater’s intrusion (lower center) into Hipparchus Crater (center), with Sinus Medii (Bay of the Center) near horizon (upper left); NASA ID AS16-M-0839: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HipparchusCrater.jpg;
Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AS16-M-0839.png

Detail of Shaded Relief and Color-Coded Topography Map shows (center right) Halley Crater’s equatorial-latitude neighborhood in the lunar near side’s southeastern quadrant: U.S. Geological Survey, Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/moon_nearside.pdf

For further information:

Andersson, Leif E.; and Ewen A. Whitaker. NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature. NASA Reference Publication 1097. Washington DC: NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Branch, October 1982.
Available via NASA NTRS (NASA Technical Reports Server) @ https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19830003761.pdf

Consolmagno, Guy; and Dan M. Davis. Turn Left at Orion. Fourth edition. Cambridge UK; New York NY: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Elger, Thomas Gwyn. “Halley.” The Moon: A Full Description and Map of Its Principal Physical Features: 143-144. London [England]: George Philip & Son, 1895.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/moonfulldescript00elgerich/page/143/

Elger, Thomas Gwyn. “Ring-Plains.” The Moon: A Full Description and Map of Its Principal Physical Features: 12-14. London [England]: George Philip & Son, 1895.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/moonfulldescript00elgerich/page/12/

Grego, Peter. The Moon and How to Observe It. Astronomers’ Observing Guides. London UK: Springer-Verlag, 2005.

Halleio, Edmundo. “Astronomiae Cometicae Synopsis.” Philosophical Transactions, Giving Some Account of the Present Undertakings, Studies and Labours of the Ingenious in Many Considerable Parts of the World, vol. XXIV, for the Years 1704 and 1705, no. 297 (March 1705): 1882-1899. London [England]: Printed for S. Smith and B. Walford, Printers to the Royal Society, MDCCVI (1706).
Available via HathiTrust @ https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39076000296744?urlappend=%3Bseq=432
Available via JSTOR @ https://www.jstor.org/stable/i206889
Available via JSTOR @ https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/102980.pdf

Halley, Edmund. A Synopsis of the Astronomy of Comets. Translated from the original, printed at Oxford. London [England]: Printed for John Senex, 1705.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/synopsisofastron00hall/

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Albategnius.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/162

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Halley.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/2330

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Halley B.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/9692

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Halley C.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/9693

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Halley G.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/9694

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Halley K.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/9695

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Hipparchus.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/2516

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Target: The Moon.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/MOON/target

Levy, David H. Skywatching. Revised and updated. San Francisco CA: Fog City Press, 1994.

Marriner, Derdriu. “Herschel Crater Hosts Eight Satellites in South Central Lunar Near Side.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Aug. 31, 2011.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/herschel-crater-hosts-eight-satellites.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Lunar Crater Herschel Honors German-British Astronomer William Herschel.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Aug. 24, 2011.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/lunar-crater-herschel-honors-german.html

The Moon Wiki. “Albategnius.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > A Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Albategnius

The Moon Wiki. “Halley.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > H Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Halley

The Moon Wiki. “Hipparchus.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > H Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Hipparchus

The Moon Wiki. “IAU Directions.” The Moon.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/IAU_directions

The Moon Wiki. “Sinus Medii.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > M Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Sinus_Medii

Moore, Patrick, Sir. Philip’s Atlas of the Universe. Revised edition. London UK: Philip’s, 2005.

The Royal Society. “Halley; Edmond (1656-?1742).” The Royal Society > Fellows.
Available via The Royal Society @ https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=18&dsqSearch=%28%28text%29%3D%27Halley%27%29

Space.com Staff. “Photos of Halley’s Comet Through History.” Space.com > News > Science & Astronomy. Oct. 22, 2011.
Available @ https://www.space.com/11552-photos-halleys-comet-images-astronomy.html

Stratton, F.J.M. (Frederick John Marrian), ed. Vth General Assembly Transactions of the IAU Vol. V B Proceedings of the 5th General Assembly Paris France, July 10-17, 1935. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, Jan. 1, 1936.
Available @ https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/transactions_b/

van der Hucht, Karel A., ed. XXVIth General Assembly Transactions of the IAU Vol. XVII B Proceedings of the 26th General Assembly Prague, Czech Republic, August 14-25, 2006. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, Dec. 30, 2008.
Available @ https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/transactions_b/