J. Herschel Crater Parents Five Outlying Satellites on Mare Frigoris

Summary: J. Herschel Crater parents five outlying satellites on Mare Frigoris (Sea of Cold) as a near side north polar crater system of 10 satellites.

Detail shows lunar near side’s J. Herschel Crater system of parent and 10 satellites on northwestern Mare Frigoris; G. E. Ulrich’s Geologic Map of the J. Herschel Quadrangle of the Moon (1969): Dept. of Interior-US Geological Survey/NASA/USAF ACIC, via USGS Publications Warehouse

J. Herschel Crater parents five outlying satellites on Mare Frigoris (Sea of Cold) as a north polar crater system of 10 satellites in the lunar near side’s northwest quadrant.

J. Herschel Crater is centered at 62.31 degrees north latitude, minus 41.86 degrees west longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The lunar impact crater’s northernmost and southernmost latitudes extend to 64.86 degrees north and 59.77 degrees north, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes reach minus 36.37 degrees west and minus 47.35 degrees west, respectively. J. Herschel Crater’s diameter spans 154.44 kilometers.

J. Herschel classifies as a crater system, with parentage of 10 satellites. All of the system’s satellites occupy easterly placements with respect to their parent.

The crater system evenly divides its satellites in their external and internal placements. Five lie within their parent’s borders.

Five of J. Herschel Crater’s 10 satellites lie outside of their parent crater. Satellites P and R are found to the east. Satellites F, M and N are sited on Mare Frigoris.

J. Herschel P claims the most northerly position of the 10 satellites. P is centered at 63.61 degrees north latitude, minus 33.01 degrees west longitude. P narrows its northernmost and southernmost latitudes to 63.71 degrees north and 63.51 degrees north, respectively, and its easternmost and westernmost longitudes to minus 32.78 degrees west and minus 33.23 degrees west, respectively. With a diameter of 6.06 kilometers, P is the smallest of its parent’s 10 satellites.

J. Herschel R claims the most easterly position of the system’s 10 satellites. R is centered at 62.59 degrees north latitude, minus 30.7 degrees west longitude. R slims its southernmost and northernmost latitudes to 62.74 degrees north and 62.45 degrees north, respectively, and its easternmost and westernmost longitudes to minus 30.38 degrees west and minus 31.01 degrees west, respectively. R’s diameter measures 8.73 kilometers.

Satellite P in the terra (highland, upland) east of its parent traces a fairly straight, north-south line through satellites M and N in Mare Frigoris. All three satellites express center longitudes around minus 33 degrees west.

J. Herschel N somewhat approximates the imaginary line’s midpoint, with centering at 60.15 degrees north latitude, minus 33.04 degrees west longitude. N trims its northernmost and southernmost latitudes to 60.26 degrees north and 60.03 degrees north, respectively, and its easternmost and westernmost longitudes to minus 32.81 degrees west and minus 33.27 degrees west, respectively. N has a diameter of 6.93 kilometers.

J. Herschel M anchors the line’s southernmost terminus, with centering at 57.35 degrees north latitude, minus 33.11 degrees west longitude. M slims its northernmost and southernmost latitudes to 57.49 degrees north and 57.21 degrees north, respectively, and its easternmost and westernmost longitudes to minus 32.84 degrees west and minus 33.37 degrees west, respectively. M’s diameter measures 8.59 kilometers.

J. Herschel F forms the western apex of a triangle with satellites M and N in Mare Frigoris. F is centered at 58.87 north latitude, minus 35.5 degrees west longitude. F obtains its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 59.18 degrees north and 58.56 degrees north, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes reach minus 34.9 degrees west and minus 36.11 degrees west. With a diameter of 18.88 kilometers, F is the largest of its parent’s 10 satellites.

The takeaways for J. Herschel Crater’s parentage of five outlying satellites on Mare Frigoris in the near side’s northwest quadrant are the north polar region crater system of 10 satellites evenly divides its internal and external satellites, that two of the system’s five outlying satellites occupy eastern highlands while three lie on Mare Frigoris and that a fairly straight, north-south line, aligned at minus 33 degrees west longitude, links two Mare Frigoris satellites (M, N) with one (P) of the upland satellites.

Detail shows J. Herschel Crater system of parent and 10 satellites, including north-south alignment of satellite P in eastern upland with satellites N and M on Mare Frigoris: LAC (Lunar Aeronautical Chart) 11: NASA / GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) / ASU (Arizona State University), Public Domain, via U.S. Geological Survey / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Detail shows lunar near side’s J. Herschel Crater system of parent and 10 satellites on northwestern Mare Frigoris; G. E. Ulrich’s Geologic Map of the J. Herschel Quadrangle of the Moon (1969): Dept. of Interior-US Geological Survey/NASA/USAF ACIC, via USGS Publications Warehouse @ https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0604/plate-1.pdf

Detail shows J. Herschel Crater system of parent and 10 satellites, including north-south alignment of satellite P in eastern upland with satellites N and M on Mare Frigoris: LAC (Lunar Aeronautical Chart) 11: NASA / GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) / ASU (Arizona State University), Public Domain, via U.S. Geological Survey / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Lunar/lac_11_wac.pdf

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