John Herschel Observed NGC 6818 July 1826, July 1828 and August 1831

Summary: John Herschel observed NGC 6818 July 1828, August 1830 and August 1831, over three decades after its Aug. 8, 1787, discovery by his father.

NGC 6818, known popularly as Little Gem Nebula, lies at a distance of roughly 6,000 light years; its diameter is about 0.5 light-year; March 10, 1997, composite image by NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2, with long exposure time at Hbeta (blue) filter giving blue appearance to the nebula’s central binary star: ESA/NASA/Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Sir John Herschel observed NGC 6818 July 1828, August 1830 and August 1831, with his first observation taking place 38 years 11-plus months after his father’s Aug. 8, 1787, discovery of the planetary nebula in Sagittarius the Archer constellation.

German-British astronomer and composer Sir Frederick William Herschel (Nov. 15, 1738-Aug. 25, 1822) discovered NGC 6818, also known as the Little Gem Nebula, six years four-plus months after his March 13, 1781, discovery of the solar system’s seventh planet, Uranus. Sir William’s discovery of NGC 6818 appears as entry IV-51 in his Catalogue of a Second Thousand of New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, published in 1789. The planetary nebula’s designation reflects its occurrence as number 51 under “IV. Fourth claſs. Planetary nebulae.”

Sir John made his first observation of NGC 6818 July 31, 1826, during Sweep 34 of deep-sky objects. His second observation took place July 19, 1828, during Sweep 163. Sir John’s third observation happened Aug. 10, 1831, during Sweep 365.

Sir John collated his three observations under entry no. 2047 in his Observations of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, published in 1833. He entered the observations in order of right ascension, the celestial equivalent of terrestrial longitude. Accordingly, the observation from Sweep 365 (Aug. 10, 1831), which occurred chronologically as the last of his three observations, appears first. The right ascension is calculated at 19 hours 34 minutes 20.3 degrees. The declination is given at 104 degrees 32 minutes 37 seconds.

Sir John’s description for his Aug. 10, 1831, observation reads: “Planetary nebula. B; R; equals a * 9 m in its light; diam = 10” by estimation. Perfectly round; there is no central vacuity (power 320). The light, though not hazy, is turbid, not like stars, but a kind of curdled appearance, very singular. Has two stars very near. The nearer, A, 15.16 m; pos 309°.5, 312°.8, 313°.0; the first measure taken with 320, and better than the others. The further, B, 15.16 m; pos 82°.1, 78°.0 (with 320). Dist of A 30”, of B 50”. (See fig 46.).”

His description transcribes as: “Planetary nebula. Bright; round; equals a star of the ninth magnitude in its light; diameter equals 10 seconds by estimation. Perfectly round; there is no central vacuity (power 320). The light, though not hazy, is turbid, not like stars, but a kind of curdled appearance, very singular. Has two stars very near. The nearer, A 15.16 magnitude; angle of position 309°.5, 312°.8, 313°.0; the first measure taken with 320, and better than the others. The further, B, 15.16 magnitude, angle of position 82°.1, 78°.0 (with 320). Distance of A 30 seconds, of B 50 seconds. (See Fig 46.).”

Sir John’s observations from Sweep 163 (July 19, 1828) appear next. Right ascension is 19 hours 34 minutes 21.3 seconds. Declination is 104 degrees 33 minutes 29 seconds.

Sir John’s description for the July 19, 1828, observation notes: “Exactly R; = * 8 m; disc = 10” or 12” in diam; has 2 stars 12 m near. Pos of A = 307°.0, of B = 81°.5. Central measures. Light equable, and disc very lucid, yet a little (not hazy, but) as if boiling at the edges, with a suspicion that it may not be well defined.”

His description transcribes as: “Exactly round; equals a star of the eighth magnitude; disc equals 10 seconds or 12 seconds in diameter; has two stars of the 12th magnitude near. Angle of position of A equals 307°.0, of B equals 81°.5. Central measures. Light equable, and disc very lucid, yet a little (not hazy, but) as if boiling at the edges, with a suspicion that it may not be well defined.”

Sir John’s observations from Sweep 34 (July 31, 1826), which chronologically occurred as the first of the trio, appears last. The right ascension is calculated at 19 hours 34 minutes 22.7 seconds. The declination is 104 degrees 32 minutes 54 seconds.

Sir John’s description for the July 31, 1826, observation states: “Exactly R; diam estimated at 8”; the light equable and equals a * 6.7 m. It is exactly like a planet and two satellites. Distance of A, the nearer, 20”, Pos 45° n p; of B, 25”, 20° n f.”

His description transcribes as: “Exactly round; diameter estimated at 8 seconds; the light equable and equals a star of 6.7 magnitude. It is exactly like a planet and two satellites. Distance of A, the nearer, 20 seconds, angle of position 45 degrees north preceding; of B, 25 seconds, 20 degrees north following.”

NGC 6818 lies in Sagittarius the Archer constellation. The Little Gem Nebula is positioned about “40’ north preceding” of Barnard’s Galaxy (NGC 6822), according to American astronomer Edward Emerson “E.E.” Barnard (Dec. 16, 1857-Feb. 6, 1923).

The takeaway for Sir John Herschel’s observations of NGC 6818 in July 1826, July 1828 and August 1831 is that he added three carefully detailed observations to the astronomical record of the Little Gem Nebula, discovered by his father Aug. 8, 1787.

The Little Gem Nebula NGC 6818 is positioned 40 minutes north preceding of Barnard's Galaxy NGC 6822, the barred irregular galaxy in constellation Sagittarius extensively surveyed by American extragalactic astronomer and observational cosmologist Edwin Hubble (Nov. 20, 1889-Sept. 28, 1953): The Dark Side Observatory @thedarksideobservatory, via Facebook Oct. 18, 2018

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

NGC 6818, known popularly as Little Gem Nebula, lies at a distance of roughly 6,000 light years; its diameter is about 0.5 light-year; March 10, 1997, composite image by NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2, with long exposure time at Hbeta (blue) filter giving blue appearance to the nebula’s central binary star: ESA/NASA/Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ngc6818.jpg

The Little Gem Nebula NGC 6818 is positioned 40 minutes north preceding of Barnard's Galaxy NGC 6822, the barred irregular galaxy in constellation Sagittarius extensively surveyed by American extragalactic astronomer and observational cosmologist Edwin Hubble (Nov. 20, 1889-Sept. 28, 1953): The Dark Side Observatory @thedarksideobservatory, via Facebook Oct. 18, 2018, @ https://www.facebook.com/thedarksideobservatory/photos/a.238332840024480/445907089267053/

For further information:

The Dark Side Observatory @thedarksideobservatory. “Here is a short wide-field view of NGC 6822 (Barnard's Galaxy) and the blue dot in the lower right corner in the planetary nebula NGC 6818. Barnard's Galaxy is about 1.6 million light-years away in the constellation Sagittarius and is one of the closer galaxies to the Milky Way. Tech Specs: Sky-Watcher Esprit 120mm ED Triplet APO Refractor, Celestron CGEM-DX mount, Canon 6D stock camera, ISO 3200, 14 x 60 second exposures with dark/bias frames, guided using a ZWO ASI290MC and Orion 60mm guide scope. Image date: August 9, 2018. Location: The Dark Side Observatory, Weatherly, PA, USA..” Facebook. Oct. 18, 2018.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/thedarksideobservatory/photos/a.238332840024480/445907089267053/

Dreyer, J.L.E. (John Louis Emil). “No. 6818.” In: “A New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, Being the Catalogue of the Late Sir John F.W. Herschel, Bart., Revised, Corrected, and Enlarged.” Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. XLIX, part I: 30. London, England: Royal Astronomical Society, 1888.
Available @ https://ia800501.us.archive.org/14/items/newgeneralcatalo00dreyrich/newgeneralcatalo00dreyrich.pdf
Available via HathiTrust @ https://hdl.handle.net/2027/osu.32435078053089?urlappend=%3Bseq=192

Dreyer, J.L.E. (John Louis Emil). “A New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, Being the Catalogue of the Late Sir John F.W. Herschel, Bart., Revised, Corrected, and Enlarged.” Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. XLIX, part I. London, England: Royal Astronomical Society, 1888.
Available @ https://ia800501.us.archive.org/14/items/newgeneralcatalo00dreyrich/newgeneralcatalo00dreyrich.pdf
Available via HathiTrust @ https://hdl.handle.net/2027/osu.32435078053089

Dreyer, J.L.E. (John Louis Emil). “A Supplement to Sir John Herschel’s ‘General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars.’ (Read February 26, 1877.).” The Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. XXVI (March 1878). Dublin, Ireland: Royal Irish Academy, 1878.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/supplementtosirj00dreyrich/

Herschel, Sir John Frederick William. “Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars. Received October 16, -- Read November 19, 1863.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. For the Year MDCCCLXIV [1864]. Vol. 154: 1-137. London, England: Taylor and Francis, MDCCCLXV (1865).
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library (Natural History Museum Library, London) @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54093164
Available via JSTOR @ https://www.jstor.org/stable/108864

Herschel, Sir John F.W. (Frederick William). “A General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, Arranged in Order of Right Ascension and Reduced to the Common Epoch 1860.0 (With Precessions Computed for the Epoch 1880.0). Received October 16, -- Read November 19, 1863.” Philosophical Transactions, Part I (1864): 1-137. London, England: Taylor and Francis, 1864.
Available via HathiTrust @ https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001475323

Herschel, Sir John Frederick William. “No. 2047.” In: “Observations of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, Made at Slough, With a Twenty-Feet Reflector, Between the Years 1825 and 1833. Received July 1, -- Read November 21, 1833.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, vol. 123 (1833): 464.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/philtrans06301558/page/n105
Available via JSTOR @ https://www.jstor.org/stable/108003?seq=106#metadata_info_tab_contents

Herschel, Sir John Frederick William. “No. of Catalogue: 4510.” In: “Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars. Received October 16, -- Read November 19, 1863.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. For the Year MDCCCLXIV [1864]. Vol. 154: 1-127. London, England: Taylor and Francis, MDCCCLXV (1865).
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library (Natural History Museum Library, London) @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54093290
Available via JSTOR @ https://www.jstor.org/stable/108864?seq=127#metadata_info_tab_contents

Herschel, Sir John Frederick William. “Observations of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, Made at Slough, With a Twenty-Feet Reflector, Between the Years 1825 and 1833. Received July 1, -- Read November 21, 1833.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, vol. 123 (1833): 359-505.
Available via JSTOR @ https://www.jstor.org/stable/108003

Herschel, Sir John F.W. (Frederick William). “Synoptic Table of the Dates of the Sweeps.” In: Results of Astronomical Observations Made During the Years 1834, 5, 6, 7, 8, at the Cape of Good Hope: Being the Completion of a Telescopic Survey of the Whole Surface of the Visible Heavens, Commenced in 1825: 130-131. London, England: Smith, Elder and Co., 1847.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/resultsofastrono00hers/page/130

Herschel, William. “IV. 51.” In: “Catalogue of a Second Thousand of New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars; With a Few Introductory Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens. Read June 11, 1789.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, vol. LXXIX, part II (1789): 248. London, England: Lockyer Davis and Peter Elmsly, Printers to The Royal Society, MDCCLXXXIX.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51828778
Available via JSTOR @https://www.jstor.org/stable/106695

Herschel, William. “Catalogue of 500 New Nebulae, Nebulous Stars, Planetary Nebulae, and Clusters of Stars; With Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens. Read July 1, 1802.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. For the Year MDCCCII [1802] [vol. 92], part II: 477-528. London, England: W. Bulmer and Co., MDCCCII.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Libraries) @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49130796
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library (University of Toronto -- Robarts Library) @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/22894665
Available via JSTOR @ https://www.jstor.org/stable/107131

Herschel, William. “Catalogue of a Second Thousand of New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars; With a Few Introductory Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens. Read June 11, 1789.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, vol. LXXIX, part II (1789): 212-255. London, England: Lockyer Davis and Peter Elmsly, Printers to The Royal Society, MDCCLXXXIX.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51828742
Available via JSTOR @ https://www.jstor.org/stable/106695

Herschel, William . “Catalogue of One Thousand New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars. Read April 27, 1786.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, vol. LXXVI, part II (1786): 457-499. London, England: Lockyer Davis and Peter Elmsly, Printers to The Royal Society, MDCCLXXXVI.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48283813
Available via JSTOR @ https://www.jstor.org/stable/106639

Jakiel, Rich. “Barnard’s Galaxy: A Century of Observing.” Astronomy-Mall.com > Adventures in Deep Space.
Available @ https://www.astronomy-mall.com/Adventures.In.Deep.Space/barnard.htm

Learn to Skywatch ‏@Learntoskywatch. “NGC 6818 | The Little Gem Nebula Planetary Nebula in Sagittarius < 1 deg from Barnard's Galaxy Fun Star Hop to this one! Image: NASA/ESA.” Twitter. Oct. 31, 2016.
Available @ https://twitter.com/Learntoskywatch/status/793135474999234561

Marriner, Derdriu. “Globular Cluster NGC 5634 Lies Midway Between Iota and Mu Virginis.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Feb. 27, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/globular-cluster-ngc-5634-lies-midway.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Herschel Crater Hosts Eight Satellites in South Central Lunar Near Side." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Aug. 31, 2011.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/herschel-crater-hosts-eight-satellites.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Lunar Crater Herschel Honors German-British Astronomer William Herschel." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Aug. 24, 2011.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/lunar-crater-herschel-honors-german.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Uranus the Blue Green Ice Giant: Sideways Seventh Planet From the Sun.” Earth and Space News. Friday, March 13, 2015.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/03/uranus-blue-green-ice-giant-sideways.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Uranus Discovery 234 Years Ago on March 13, 1781, by Sir William Herschel.” Earth and Space News. Friday, March 13, 2015.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/03/uranus-discovery-234-years-ago-on-march.html

Morrow, Ashley, ed. “Hubble Finds a Little Gem.” NASA > Missions > Hubble Space Telescope. Aug. 7, 2015.
Available @ https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/hubble-finds-a-little-gem

Mullaney, James. The Herschel Objects and How to Observe Them. AST Astronomers’ Observing Guides. New York NY: Springer Science+Business Media LLC, 2007.

O’Meara, Steve. Herschel 400 Observing Guide: How to Find and Explore 400 Star Clusters, Nebulae, and Galaxies Discovered by William and Caroline Herschel. Cambridge, England; New York NY; Melbourne, Australia; Madrid, Spain; Cape Town, South Africa; Singapore; São Paulo, Brazil: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI); Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility (ST-ECF); Canadian Astronomy Data Centre (CADC). “NGC 6818.” Hubble Legacy Archive.
Available @ https://hla.stsci.edu/hlaview.html#Inventory|filterText%3D%24filterTypes%3D|query_string=ngc%206818

Alexandre Luigini, Known for Ballet égyptien, Died July 29, 1906

Summary: French composer and conductor Alexandre Luigini, known for Ballet égyptien, died July 29, 1906, four-plus months after his 56th birthday.

Alexandre Luigini, ca. 1880, by French photographer Nadar, pseudonym of Gaspard-Félix Turnachon (April 6, 1820-March 20, 1910); Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Estampes et photographie: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

French composer and conductor Alexandre Luigini, who died July 29, 1906, is remembered for his ballets, especially Ballet égyptien, Op. 12, composed in 1875.

An unspecified performance of Aida in 1886 in Lyon, east central France, is credited with boosting the popularity of Luigini’s Ballet égyptien. The ballet was inserted into the second act of the ancient Egypt-themed opera composed in 1871 by 19th century Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901). Aida’s second act opens in the chamber of Amneris, daughter of the King of Egypt, with dances and music in celebration of victory in battle by Radamès, Captain of the Guard. At the time of the 1886 insertion, Alexandre Luigini was serving as conductor of the Lyon opera house’s orchestra.

Ballet égyptien’s performance history includes the Metropolitan Opera’s concert repertoire. Met Opera’s first performance of the ballet took place Dec. 31, 1916, during the opera house’s Seventh Sunday Concert. A second performance occurred Jan. 18, 1925, during Met Opera’s Eleventh Sunday Night Concert. The opera house’s third and last performance of Ballet égyptien dates to Jan. 30, 1927, during the Metropolitan Opera’s Sunday Night Concert.

The Metropolitan Opera’s online archives detail performances of four other compositions by Alexandre Luigini. Carnaval Turc, Op. 51, and Le Printemps, Op. 59, claim the first performances of Alexandre Luigini’s music at the Metropolitan Opera. The two pieces were performed Nov. 24, 1907, during the opera house’s First Grand Sunday Night Concert. Luigini’s “poésie musicale” (musical poetry), Le Printemps, was performed first, followed immediately by his “poème symphonique” (symphonic poem), Carnaval Turc.

Marche solennelle, Op. 8, was the third Luigini composition to be performed at the Metropolitan Opera. Marche solennelle opened the opera house’s Second Grand Sunday Night Concert, held Dec. 1, 1907.

La Voix des Cloches, Op. 18, was the fifth Luigini composition to be performed at the Metropolitan Opera. Luigini’s “reverie” was included in the opera house’s Twenty-First Sunday Night Concert on March 30, 1924.

Alexandre Clément Léon Joseph Luigini was born Saturday, March 9, 1850, in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, east central France. His parents were Joseph Ferdinand Pierre Luigini (June 16, 1822-July 9, 1898) and Joséphine Renaud Luigini (Dec. 25, 1818-July 1, 1887). Joseph Luigini conducted the orchestra at Grand Théâtre, the opera house of Lyon’s opera company (l’opéra national de Lyon).

Alexander Luigini studied at the Paris Conservatory (Conservatoire de Paris). His teachers included Belgian violinist Lambert Joseph Massart (July 19, 1811-Feb. 13, 1892); French composer Jules Massenet (May 12, 1842-Aug. 13, 1912); and French composer and harmony teacher Marie Gabriel Augustin Savard (Aug. 21, 1814-June 7, 1881). In 1869, he won the second prize in violin at the Paris Conservatory.

After his studies, he returned to Lyon. In his hometown he played solo violin, under his father’s conductorship, at the Grand Théâtre, beginning in 1869. Alexandre Luigini assumed the orchestra’s conductorship in 1877 and, beginning in 1879, also taught composition and harmony at the Lyon Conservatory (Conservatoire de Lyon).

In 1897, Alexandre Luigini relocated from Lyon to Paris to become the music director and conductor of the Théâtre National de l’Opéra-Comique. At l’Opéra-Comique, his conductorship included the world premiere of Cendrillon by his former teacher, Jules Massenet, on May 24, 1899.

Besides ballets, Luigini’s compositions included operas and other instrumental and vocal settings. He is credited with three operas. Les Caprices de Margot premiered April 13, 1877, in Lyon. La Reine des Fleurs premiered in Lyon in 1878. Faublas premiered Oct. 13, 1881, at Théâtre de Cluny in Paris.

Alexandre Luigini passed away Sunday, July 29, 1906, four months 20 days after his 56th birthday. His death certificate (acte de décès) records the time and place of death as 7:15 p.m. in the musician’s home at 32, Boulevard Haussmann. He was buried in the family plot in the commune of Orliénas cemetery (Cimetière d’Orliénas), Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, east central France.

The takeaway for Alexandre Luigini, who died July 29, 1906, is that the French composer and conductor is remembered for his Ballet égyptien, which was performed three times at the Metropolitan Opera between 1916 and 1927.

A street in the first arrondissement (1er arrondissement) of Lyon, Alexandre Lugini’s birthplace, honors the French composer and conductor; Tuesday, Aug. 15, 2017, 15:35: Sebleouf, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Alexandre Luigini, ca. 1880, by French photographer Nadar, pseudonym of Gaspard-Félix Turnachon (April 6, 1820-March 20, 1910); Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Estampes et photographie: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Luigini,_Alexandre,_Nadar,_Gallica.jpg

A street in the first arrondissement (1er arrondissement) of Lyon, Alexandre Lugini’s birthplace, honors the French composer and conductor; Tuesday, Aug. 15, 2017, 15:35: Sebleouf, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lyon_1er_-_Rue_Alexandre_Luigini_(plaque).jpg

For further information:

Chauveau, Philippe. Les Théâtres Parisiens Disparus: 1402-1986. Paris, France: Amandier, 1999.

Csoka, Imre. “Alexandre Clément Joseph Léon Luigini.” Geneanet > Imre CSOKA’s Family Tree.
Available via Geneanet @ https://gw.geneanet.org/icsoka?lang=en&pz=imre+francis+christian&nz=csoka&p=alexandre+clement+joseph+leon&n=luigini

“Luigini, Alexandre Clément Léon Joseph.” Base Léonore, N° de notice L1675026.
Available via République Française Ministère de la Culture @ http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/leonore_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=COTE&VALUE_1=LH%2F1675%2F26

“Luigini: Ballet Égyptien.” MetOpera Database > [Met Concert/Gala] CID: 64570 Seventh Sunday Concert. Metropolitan Opera House: 12/31/1916.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=64570

“Luigini: Ballet Égyptien.” MetOpera Database > [Met Concert/Gala] CID: 89020 Eleventh Sunday Night Concert. Metropolitan Opera House: 01/18/1925.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=89020

“Luigini: Ballet Égyptien.” MetOpera Database > [Met Concert/Gala] CID: 95220 Sunday Night Concert. Metropolitan Opera House: 01/30/1927.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=95220

“Luigini: Carnaval Turc.” MetOpera Database > [Met Concert/Gala] CID: 40060 First Grand Sunday Night Concert. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/24/1907.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=40060

“Luigini: La Voix des Cloches.” MetOpera Database > [Met Concert/Gala] CID: 87000 Twenty-First Sunday Night Concert. Metropolitan Opera House: 03/30/1924.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=87000

“Luigini: Le Printemps.” MetOpera Database > [Met Concert/Gala] CID: 40060 First Grand Sunday Night Concert. Metropolitan Opera House: 11/24/1907.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=40060

“Luigini: Marche Solennelle.” MetOpera Database > [Met Concert/Gala] CID: 40140 Second Grand Sunday Night Concert. Metropolitan Opera House: 12/1/1907.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=40140

Marriner, Derdriu. “Aida Is the April 15, 2017, Metropolitan Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, April 10, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/04/aida-is-april-15-2017-metropolitan.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Aida Is the May 4, 2019, Metropolitan Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, April 29, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/aida-is-may-4-2019-metropolitan-opera.html

Randel, Don Michael, ed. “Luigini, Alexandre (Clément Léon Joseph).” The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music: 523. Cambridge MA; London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996.

Tic, U. Maurice. “M. Alexandre Luigini, Premier Chef d’Orchestre au Grand-Théatre.” Lyon-Théâtre: Programme Officiel des Théâtres Municipaux de Lyon, no. 12 (1893): 1-2.
Available via Bibliothèque municipal de Lyon @ http://collections.bm-lyon.fr/presseXIX/PER00311323?page=1

Wolff, Stéphane. Un Demi-Siècle d'Opéra-Comique 1900–1950. Paris, France: André Bonne, 1953.

Indirect Watering Devices Are There for Newly Transplanted Urban Trees

Summary: An article in the July 2019 Arboriculture & Urban Forestry issue approaches alleviating nursery tree transplant stress through indirect watering devices.

A 12-week study of indirect watering devices in Monticello, Arkansas, included Treegator® ring and upright bags: Treegator Slow Release Watering Bags for Trees and Shrubs @Treegator, via Facebook Oct. 22, 2010

The article A Comparison of Indirect Watering Devices for Benefiting Newly Transplanted Urban Trees for the July 2019 Arboriculture & Urban Forestry issue addresses significant stress during and after transplanting nursery trees.

Co-authors Benjamin Babst, Shaik Hassan, Matthew Olson and Christoph Stuhlinger broach the significant transplant stress of limited water availability to insufficient roots in fast-draining soil-less media. Reduced root surface area from culling nursery trees from tree nursery sites for city streets, community parks and university campuses challenges site acclimation and water intake. Direct and indirect watering devices decrease the water stress of nursery tree transplants during their first three-plus months in compacted, crowded, degraded, disturbed, polluted urban landscapes.

Indirect supplemental watering devices exist as open tubs, ring bags and upright bags that entertain 19 to 95 liters (5.02 to 25.09 gallons) at a time.

One scientist in New Jersey and three in Arkansas furnish study objectives of finding indirect watering device characteristics and deliveries that favor growth and frustrate stress.

The four-author, single-species, six-device, 12-week study in Monticello, Arkansas, got flexible bags and rigid tubs for indirect, slow-release watering from holes in or near device bottoms. The Monticello greenhouse had ArborRain® and Treegator® upright bags, ArborRain® and Treegator® Jr. Pro ring bags and Bioplex® Tree Ring Jr. and Tree I.V.® tub devices. Indirect watering devices involved installing two 19-liter (.02-gallon) Tree I.V.®, 30- and 8-liter (7.92- and 2.11-gallon) Bioplex®, 38-liter (10-gallon) ArborRain® and 38-liter (10-gallon) Treegator® water loads.

Eighty-one-centimeter- (31.89-inch-) wide, 56-centimeter- (22.0-inch-) deep plastic containers joined indirect watering devices, for late-March through late-June weekly waterings, and 21 four-year-old river birch (Betula nigra) saplings.

The 12-week study kept pre-dawn leaf water potential measurements of water-deficient tree stress, in the eleventh week to know the most physiologically effective indirect watering devices.

Substantial differences in drainage times, from two minutes to 9.5 hours, for internal watering systems link with individual sizes and total numbers of their drainage holes. Ring bags mean lower costs than other slow-release indirect watering devices and, as enclosures, no tub-like accumulated tree debris clogging drain holes and preventing water release. Internal watering devices such as Bioplex® tubs net uniform water distribution over tree root zones through six water entry points that nestle around tree stem bases.

Four selected side-branches on each of the 21 river birch trees offered research team members initial late-March and final late-June leaf counts per centimeter (0.39 inch).

Percent greenness of all leaf surfaces on lower-, middle- and upper-section stems presents research team members with estimated leaf coverage by direct and indirect watering devices.

Research team members quantified tree growth by direct and indirect watering devices from tree-stem calipers 15 centimeters (5.9 inches), and terminal bud heights, above soil surfaces. Direct and indirect watering systems reveal statistically insignificant count, coverage and growth differences and moderately stressed leaf pre-dawn water potential the last, seventh day between waterings. Indirect watering devices show easy, lightweight installation, handling and water-filling logistical and performance advantages and yet sustain tree growth equal, not superior, to direct watering devices.

Tree nursery transplants tend to turn into successfully newly transplanted urban trees if direct and indirect watering devices tackle water-deficient transplant stress the first three months.

A.M. Leonard's ArborRain® ring and upright bags were among the indirect watering devices tested in a 12-week study in Monticello, Arkansas: A.M. Leonard @AMLeonardInc., via Facebook April 25, 2019

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

A 12-week study of indirect watering devices in Monticello, Arkansas, included Treegator® ring and upright bags: Treegator Slow Release Watering Bags for Trees and Shrubs @Treegator, via Facebook Oct. 22, 2010, @ https://www.facebook.com/Treegator/photos/a.440473166735/440473226735/

A.M. Leonard's ArborRain® ring and upright bags were among the indirect watering devices tested in a 12-week study in Monticello, Arkansas: A.M. Leonard @AMLeonardInc., via Facebook April 25, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/AMLeonardInc/photos/a.500461650021176/2190529791014345/

For further information:

A.M. Leonard @AMLeonardInc. 25 April 2019. "Effortlessly hydrate young and newly-planted trees with the Leonard ArborRain Tower! . . . ." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/AMLeonardInc/photos/a.500461650021176/2190529791014345/

Gilman, Ed. 2011. An Illustrated Guide to Pruning. Third Edition. Boston MA: Cengage.

Hayes, Ed. 2001. Evaluating Tree Defects. Revised, Special Edition. Rochester MN: Safe Trees.

Hossain, Shaik M.Y.; H. Christoph Stuhlinger; Matthew Olson; and Benjamin A. Babst. July 2019. "A Comparison of Indirect Watering Devices for Benefiting Newly Transplanted Urban Trees." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 45(4): 109-119.

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2019. "Plant Appraisal Data Collection Allies Off-Site and On-Site Research." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/plant-appraisal-data-collection-allies.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 May 2019. "Wire Basket Removal or Wire Basket Retention: Girdling or Stable Roots." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/wire-basket-removal-or-wire-basket.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2019. "Woody Plant Appraisal Data Collection for Shrubs, Trees and Vines." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/woody-plant-appraisal-data-collection.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 March 2019. "Balancing Roadside Tree Benefits and Risk of Streetscape Tree Crashes." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/balancing-roadside-tree-benefits-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2019. “Plant Appraisal Estimate, Scope, Data, Analysis, Reconciliation, Report.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/plant-appraisal-estimate-scope-data.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 January 2019. “Urban Tree Vulnerability in Residential Toronto, Ontario, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/urban-tree-vulnerability-in-residential.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 December 2018. "Plant Appraisal: Cost and Value Estimates and Economic Principles." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/plant-appraisal-cost-and-value.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 December 2018. "Six-Year Forest Health Ambassador Program of Oakville, Ontario, Canada." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/six-year-forest-health-ambassador.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 October 2018. "Nursery Production Systems: Tough Urban Landscape Trees on Rough Sites." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/nursery-production-systems-tough-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2018. "Induced-Resistance Agents, Silicon Fertilizers, Synthetic Fungicides." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/induced-resistance-agents-silicon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 August 2018. "Nursery Production Systems for Successful Urban Tree Plantings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/nursery-production-systems-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 July 2018. "Tree Roots Branch in Fabric Containers But Circle and Girdle Plastic." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/tree-roots-branch-in-fabric-containers.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2018. "Wood Decay Fungi Management of Terminal Urban Pathogens." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/wood-decay-fungi-management-of-terminal.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2018. "Downtown Commercial Streetscape Tree Populations in Toronto, Canada." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/downtown-commercial-streetscape-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2018. “Mushroom-Forming and Non-Mushroom-Forming Fungal Life Cycle Traits.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/mushroom-forming-and-non-mushroom.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 March 2018. “Emerald Ash Borer Rapid Response Community Preparedness Project.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/emerald-ash-borer-rapid-response.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2018. “Tree Retention by Arborists for Wildlife Habitat Friendly Tree Care.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/tree-retention-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2018. “Integrated Vegetation Management Study in North and South Yukon, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/integrated-vegetation-management-study.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2017. “Tree Inventories: Preemptive and Proactive or Piecemeal and Reactive.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/12/tree-inventories-preemptive-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 November 2017. “Chlorantraniliprole Reduced-Risk Insecticides Get Leaf-Eaters Not Bees.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/11/chlorantraniliprole-reduced-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 October 2017. “Palm Plant Health Care: Abiotic, Biotic Stress Culture and Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/10/palm-plant-health-care-abiotic-biotic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2017. “Predawn Leaf Water Potentials Indicate Crown Dieback and Water Status.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/09/predawn-leaf-water-potentials-indicate.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2017. “Palm Tree Identification and Pruning of Native and Naturalizable Palms.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/08/palm-tree-identification-and-pruning-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2017. “Commonly Planted, Potentially Phytoremediating Street Tree Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/07/commonly-planted-potentially.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 June 2017. “Root Loss From Root Pruning and Root Shaving of Stem-Girdling Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/06/root-loss-from-root-pruning-and-root.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2017. “Age and Canopy Area Cost Less and Tell More in Urban Tree Inventories.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/05/age-and-canopy-area-cost-less-and-tell.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 April 2017. “Urban Root Management: Big Infrastructure, Small Space, Stressed Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/04/urban-root-management-big.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2017. “Flexural Elasticity Modulus: Trees and Watersprouts Bend or Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/03/flexural-elasticity-modulus-trees-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2017. “Plant Health Care Diagnostics When Plants and Places Wrong One Another.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/02/plant-health-care-diagnostics-when.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2017. “Tree Fertilization for Fine Root Growth and Whole Root System Effects.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/01/tree-fertilization-for-fine-root-growth.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2016. “Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Low Maintenance Tree Health Care Programs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/abiotic-and-biotic-stress-in-low.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2016. “Organic Amendments to Compacted Degraded Urban Highway Roadsides.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/organic-amendments-to-compacted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2016. “Tree Protection Zones by Arborists for All Construction Project Phases.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/tree-protection-zones-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2016. “Stormwater Runoff Landscaping With Urban Canopy Cover and Groundcover.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/09/stormwater-runoff-landscaping-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2016. “Changing Places: Tree Nutrient Movement Down, Tree Water Movement Up.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/08/changing-places-tree-nutrient-movement.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2016. “Treated or Untreated Oriental Bittersweet Vine Management Cut-Stumping.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/07/treated-or-untreated-oriental.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2016. “Tree Injection Site Procedures: Manufacturer's Instructions and Labels.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/06/tree-injection-site-procedures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 May 2016. “Electrical Utility Area Temperate Urban Street Trees: Pruned Regrowth.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/electrical-utility-area-temperate-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2016. “Tree Injection Methods: Treatment Option in Integrated Pest Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/04/tree-injection-methods-treatment-option.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2016. “Bare-Rooted Ornamental Urban Transplants: Amendments Against Mortality.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/bare-rooted-ornamental-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2016. “Bark Protective Survival Mechanisms Foil Deprivation, Injury, Invasion.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/bark-protective-survival-mechanisms.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems: Site, Soil, Species True Designs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/12/tree-lightning-protection-systems-site.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 October 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems Tailored to Sites, Soils, Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/10/tree-lightning-protection-systems.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 August 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Amend, Fertilize, Mulch, Till!” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/08/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 June 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Assemble, Assess, Assist, Astound.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/06/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2015. “Tree Wound Responses: Healthy Wound Closures by Callus and Woundwood.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/tree-wound-responses-healthy-wound.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2015. “Urban Forest Maintenance and Non-Maintenance Costs and Benefits.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/urban-forest-maintenance-and-non.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2014. “Tree Dwelling Symbionts: Dodder, Lichen, Mistletoe, Moss and Woe-Vine.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/tree-dwelling-symbionts-dodder-lichen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2014. “Tree Cable Installation Systems Lessen Target Impact From Tree Failure.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/tree-cable-installation-systems-lessen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2014. “Flood Tolerant Trees in Worst-Case Floodplain and Urbanized Scenarios.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/flood-tolerant-trees-in-worst-case.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2014. “Integrated Vegetation Management of Plants in Utility Rights-of-Way.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/06/integrated-vegetation-management-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2014. “Tree Twig Identification: Buds, Bundle Scars, Leaf Drops, Leaf Scars.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/tree-twig-identification-buds-bundle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2014. “Tree Twig Anatomy: Ecosystem Stress, Growth Rates, Winter Identification.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/tree-twig-anatomy-ecosystem-stress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2013. “Community and Tree Safety Awareness During Line- and Road-Clearances.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/community-and-tree-safety-awareness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2013. “Chain-Saw Gear and Tree Work Related Personal Protective Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/chain-saw-gear-and-tree-work-related.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2013. “Storm Damaged Tree Clearances: Matched Teamwork of People to Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/storm-damaged-tree-clearances-matched.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Damage Assessments: Pre-Storm Planned Preparedness.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/storm-induced-tree-damage-assessments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html

Treegator Slow Release Watering Bags for Trees and Shrubs @Treegator. 22 October 2010. "Treegator Originals in front of the Naval Recruitment Center." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/Treegator/photos/a.440473166735/440473226735/

Brooklyn Bridge Park Photo Opps Are Safe for Elementary's Latest Model

Summary: Organic controls and park security assure photogenic appeals of Brooklyn Bridge Park, unlike crime scenes on Elementary's The Latest Model July 25, 2019.

Small flowers, arranged in large clusters, known as panicles, envelop smokebush (Cotinus coggygria) June to August; the panicles persist, after the flowers' fading, as billowing pink and purple hairs that give the shrub its name by their wispy "hover over the foliage like a fine mist," explains Brooklyn Bridge Park's Featured Plant post June 12, 2014: Brooklyn Bridge Park @brooklynbridgepark, via Facebook June 16, 2014

Photogenic Brooklyn Bridge Park shrubs are appealing backdrops in photo opportunities, unlike the crime scenes of a serial killer on Elementary procedural drama television series episode The Latest Model July 25, 2019.

Director Ron Fortunato and writer Robert Hewitt Wolfe build bridges from Season 7's tenth episode to its ninth episode, On the Scent, and eighth, Command: Delete. The series' 151st episode overall continues Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) and Joan Watson (Lucy Liu) considering crime scenes that rarely concern their Brooklyn Heights community. One intruder each in Season 1's 12th and 24th episodes, 5's 18th episode and 6's fourth and 20th episodes deem Holmes's brownstone deserving of home invasions.

Two assailants in Season Three's 16th episode, one in Season 5's 18th episode and one vandal in Season 6's 15th episode effectuate crimes outside the brownstone.

Well-lighted, well-maintained, well-patrolled Brooklyn Bridge Park shrubs, unlike the crime scene of crime's latest model, favor photo, not serial-killer, shoots not far from the Holmes brownstone.

Beach letchberry (Rosa rugosa) and plum (Prunus maritima), black haw (Viburnum prunifolium), blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis), buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) and candleberry (Myrica pensylvanica) give gore-free photo opps. No serial killer hinders chokecherry (Prunus virginiana), Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas), doublefile viburnum (Viburnum plicatum), downy serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea) and dwarf sumac (Rhus copallina) photo opps. Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), grounseltree (Baccharis halimifolia), hairy-stem gooseberry (Ribes hirtellum), high-bush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) and high-bush cranberry (Viburnum trilobum) shrubbery is inimical to ulterior-motived photo opps.

Lilac (Syringa vulgaris), mountain pine (Pinus mugo), oak-leaf hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia), oval-leaved privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium) and pasture rose (Rosa carolina) never jeopardize fashion photography's latest model.

Brooklyn Bridge Park shrubs know crime-free pussy-willow (Salix discolor), red chokeberry (Aronia arbutifolia) and raspberry (Rubus idaeus), red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) and seaside alder (Alnus maritima).

Fashion's, not crime's, latest model loiters among Siebold viburnum (Viburnum sieboldii), smooth rose (Rosa blanda) and sumac (Rhus glabra), snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus) and spicebush (Lindera benzoin). She meets menace-free staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina), steeplebush (Spiraea tomentosa), swamp azalea (Rhododendron viscosum) and rose (Rosa palustris), sweet fern (Comptonia peregrina) and winter-hazel (Corylopsis pauciflora). She navigates yellowroot (Xanthorhiza simplicissima) and the latest alpine currant (Ribes alpinum 'Green Mound'), arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum 'Blue Muffin') and cherry-laurel (Prunus laurocerasus 'Otto Luyken') cultivars.

Brooklyn Bridge Park offers creeping (Taxus baccata 'Repandens') and garden (Cephalotaxus harringtonia 'Duke') yew and dwarf cranberry-bush (Viburnum opulus 'Nanum') and ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius 'Nanus') cultivars.

Well-lighted, well-patrolled fragrant sumac (Rhus aromatica 'Gro Low'), gray dogwood (Cornus racemosa 'Muskingum'), inkberry (Ilex glabra 'Compacta') and Korean spice-viburnum (Viburnum carlesii 'Compactum') cultivars prevent crime.

Large fothergilla (Fothergilla major 'Mount Airy'), meserve hybrid holly (Ilex x meserveae 'China Girl') and mophead (Hydrangea macrophylla 'Nikko Blue') cultivars quash serial killers questing victims. Fashion photography's latest model realizes the latest shoots among the latest panicle hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata 'Tardiva'), rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus 'Diana') and smokebush (Cotinus coggygria 'Grace') cultivars. She safely smells smooth hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens 'Annabelle'), summersweet (Clethra alnifolia 'Compacta' and 'Hummingbird'), winterberry (Ilex verticillata 'Red Sprite') and witch-hazel (Hamamelis x intermedia 'Jelena') cultivars.

The latest model of the latest serial killer turns up here, there, everywhere except among well-lighted, well-maintained, well-patrolled Brooklyn Bridge Park shrubs and their latest cultivars.

Sherlock Holmes' (Jonny Lee Miller) Brooklyn residence, simply called "the brownstone" by Sherlock and Joan Watson (Lucy Liu), houses the eccentric New York Police Department consultant's Sancta Sanctorum: Elementary @ElementaryCBS, via Facebook May 22, 2019

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Small flowers, arranged in large clusters, known as panicles, envelop smokebush (Cotinus coggygria) June to August; the panicles persist, after the flowers' fading, as billowing pink and purple hairs that give the shrub its name by their wispy "hover over the foliage like a fine mist," explains Brooklyn Bridge Park's Featured Plant post June 12, 2014: Brooklyn Bridge Park @brooklynbridgepark, via Facebook June 16, 2014, @ https://www.facebook.com/brooklynbridgepark/photos/a.73330793297/10152992084738298/

Sherlock Holmes' (Jonny Lee Miller) Brooklyn residence, simply called "the brownstone" by Sherlock and Joan Watson (Lucy Liu), houses the eccentric New York Police Department consultant's Sancta Sanctorum: Elementary @ElementaryCBS, via Facebook May 22, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/photos/a.151627898295663/1514483095343463/

For further information:

Brooklyn Bridge Park." NYC Parks > Parks.
Available @ https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/brooklyn-bridge-park

Brooklyn Bridge Park. 12 June 2014. "Featured Plant -- Smokebush." Brooklyn Bridge Park > Blog > Park Updates > Featured Plant.
Available @ https://www.brooklynbridgepark.org/blog/park-updates/featured-plant---smokebush

Brooklyn Bridge Park @brooklynbridgepark. 16 June 2014. "Witness the whimsical and hard to miss Smokebush – Continus coggygria – found around the Pier 6 playgrounds. Visit our blog to learn more! http://www.brooklynbridgepark.org/…/featured-plant---smokeb… Photo by Lisa Opsal." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/brooklynbridgepark/photos/a.73330793297/10152992084738298/

"Dead Man's Tale." Elementary: The Fifth Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, March 26, 2017.

Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. 1892. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. London, England: George Newnes Ltd.

Elementary @ElementaryCBS. 24 July 2019. "A heavy bass line and beat drop could lead Holmes & Watson to new answers on an all-new Elementary, tomorrow at 10/9c." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/photos/a.151627898295663/1620668704724901/

Elementary @ElementaryCBS. 22 May 2019. "Looks like the Sanctum Sanctorum isn’t locationally contingent. See Elementary TOMORROW at 10/9c." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/photos/a.151627898295663/1514483095343463/

"Fit To Be Tied." Elementary: The Sixth Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Sept. 10, 2018.

"For All You Know." Elementary: The Third Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, March 5, 2015.

"Heroine." Elementary: The First Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, May 16, 2013.

"How to Get a Head." Elementary: The Sixth Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Aug. 12, 2018.

"The Latest Model." Elementary: The Seventh Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, July 25, 2019.

"M." Elementary: The First Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Jan. 10, 2013.

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 July 2019. "Brooklyn Bridge Park Flowers Are There for Elementary's On the Scent." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/brooklyn-bridge-park-flowers-are-there.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 July 2019. "Are Prisoners Accessing Pepper Spray on Elementary's Miss Understood?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/are-prisoners-accessing-pepper-spray-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 July 2019. "In Russia with Krasnodar Tea Alters Elementary's From Russia With Drugs." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/in-russia-with-krasnodar-tea-alters.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 June 2019. "Elementary's Command: Delete Perhaps Affects Even Brooklyn Bridge Park." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/elementarys-command-delete-perhaps.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 June 2019. "Elementary Angles Into the Woods Outside Brooklyn Bridge Park." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/elementary-angles-into-woods-outside.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2019. "Are Joya de Cerén Descendants on Elementary's Red Light, Green Light?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/are-joya-de-ceren-descendants-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 June 2019. "Elementary's The Price of Admission Audits Antiquities, Not Teff Grass." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/elementarys-price-of-admission-audits.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 June 2019. "Was Banksy in New York City for Elementary Episode Gutshot?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/was-banksy-in-new-york-city-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 May 2019. "Black Lip Oysters, Black Pearls and Elementary's Further Adventures." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/black-lip-oysters-black-pearls-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 September 2018. “Mulberry Silkworms on Elementary's Whatever Remains, However Improbable.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/mulberry-silkworms-on-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 September 2018. “Elementary's Fit to be Tied: Free of Pink Slime and White Water Molds?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/elementarys-fit-to-be-tied-free-of-pink.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 September 2018. “Lion's Mane Jellyfishes and Elementary's The Geek Interpreter.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/lions-mane-jellyfishes-and-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2018. “Borrachero Trees in Elementary's The Visions of Norman P. Horowitz.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/borrachero-trees-in-elementarys-visions.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 August 2018. “Silk From Darwin's Bark Spiders on Elementary's The Worms Crawl In.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/silk-from-darwins-bark-spiders-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2018. “Chocolate from Cacao Trees on Elementary's Uncanny Valley of the Dolls.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/chocolate-from-cacao-trees-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 August 2018. “Guatemalan Sugarcane, Guatemalan Rum on Elementary's How to Get a Head.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/guatemalan-sugarcane-guatemalan-rum-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2018. “Kukicha Tea from Japan and Elementary Season Six's Through the Fog.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/kukicha-tea-from-japan-and-elementary.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 August 2018. “Northwest Italian Sweet White Wine Sciacchetrà on Elementary's Breathe.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/northwest-italian-sweet-white-wine.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 July 2018. “American Chestnut Trees for Elementary Season Six's Meet Your Maker.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/american-chestnut-trees-for-elementary.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2018. “Bird's-Eye Pipe Tobacco and Trichinopoly Cigars: Elementary's Long Way.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/birds-eye-pipe-tobacco-and-trichinopoly.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 July 2018. “Elementary's Adventure of Ersatz Sobekneferu: West African Crocodiles.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/elementarys-adventure-of-ersatz.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 July 2018. “Blue Wildebeests and Tarragon Tea on Elementary's Nobody Lives Forever.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/blue-wildebeests-and-tarragon-tea-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 June 2018. “Vermont Black Bears and Elementary's Sand Trap Episode June 18, 2018.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/vermont-black-bears-and-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2018. “Elementary Sober Companions, Amethysts and Agiorgitiko Red Wine Grapes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/elementary-sober-companions-amethysts.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 June 2018. “Elementary's Give Me the Finger: Not the Southeast Asian Fruit Durian.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/elementarys-give-me-finger-not.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 June 2018. “Elementary's Give Me the Finger: Floppy Disks Dinosaurs Like Grallator.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/elementarys-give-me-finger-floppy-disks.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 June 2018. “Bird Flu on Elementary's Bits and Pieces and Wild Red Junglefowl.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/bird-flu-on-elementarys-bits-and-pieces.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 May 2018. “Boxing Kangaroos and Elementary Season 6 Episode 4 Our Time Is Up.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/boxing-kangaroos-and-elementary-season.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 May 2018. “American Staffordshire Terrier and Elementary's Pushing Buttons.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/american-staffordshire-terrier-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 May 2018. “Cassowaries and Elementary's Pushing Buttons Episode May 14, 2018.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/cassowaries-and-elementarys-pushing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 May 2018. “Monoceros Unicorns: Puzzles Once You've Ruled Out God on Elementary.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/monoceros-unicorns-puzzles-once-youve.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2018. “Sumatran Tigers and Elementary's An Infinite Capacity for Taking Pains.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/sumatran-tigers-and-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 November 2016. “Green Tree Python Natural History Illustrations and Elementary.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/green-tree-python-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2016. “Eastern Poison Ivy Botanical Illustrations and Elementary's Henny Penny.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/eastern-poison-ivy-botanical.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 November 2016. “Galápagos Marine Iguana Natural History Illustrations and Elementary.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/galapagos-marine-iguana-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 October 2016. "China's Imperial Jade Heirloom Seal Worth Several Cities on Elementary." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/chinas-imperial-jade-heirloom-seal.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 May 2016. “Mopane Worm Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Invisible Hand.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/mopane-worm-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2016. “Johannes Vermeer Painting The Astronomer: Elementary's Invisible Hand.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/johannes-vermeer-painting-astronomer.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2016. “Shih Tzu Dog Breed and Elementary's Up to Heaven and Down to Hell.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/shih-tzu-dog-breed-and-elementarys-up.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2016. “Mushroom Botanical Illustrations and Elementary's A Study in Charlotte.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/mushroom-botanical-illustrations-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 November 2015. "Black-Capped Central American Squirrel Monkeys and Elementary Series." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/11/black-capped-central-american-squirrel.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 November 2015. “Tienchi-Flower Tea and Elementary's Evidence of Things Not Seen.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/11/tienchi-flower-tea-and-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 April 2015. "Smooth Cordgrass Announces Crime Scenes on Elementary's Under My Skin." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/smooth-cordgrass-announces-crime-scenes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 April 2015. “Pablo Picasso Painting Woman Reading on Elementary's A Stitch in Time.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/pablo-picasso-painting-woman-reading-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 February 2015. “Extinct Quagga Plains Zebra on Elementary's The Female of the Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/extinct-quagga-plains-zebra-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2015. “Elementary's Yellow Clivia and Yellow Clivia Botanical Illustrations.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/01/elementarys-yellow-clivia-and-yellow.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 December 2014. “Elementary's Nutmeg Concoction and Nutmeg Botanical Illustrations.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/elementarys-nutmeg-concoction-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 November 2014. “Elementary's Bird in Blue-Throated Macaw Natural History Illustrations.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/11/elementarys-bird-in-blue-throated-macaw.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 October 2014. “Bearded Dragon Natural History Illustrations: Not Elementary's Nemesis.” Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/bearded-dragon-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 May 2014. “Ficus Benjamina Botanical Illustrations and Elementary's Stunted Tree.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/05/ficus-benjamina-botanical-illustrations.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 February 2014. “Dimetrodon Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Dimetrodon.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/dimetrodon-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 January 2014. “Nanotyrannus Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Dead Clade Walking.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/01/nanotyrannus-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2013. “Fruit in Osage Orange Botanical Illustrations and Elementary Series.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/fruit-in-osage-orange-botanical.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 November 2013. “George Stubbs Painting The Godolphin Arabian and Elementary's Nutmeg.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/11/george-stubbs-painting-godolphin.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 November 2013. “John Wootton Painting The Darley Arabian and Elementary's Studhorse.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/11/john-wootton-painting-darley-arabian.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 November 2013. “John Wootton Painting The Byerley Turk and Elementary's Thoroughbreds.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/11/john-wootton-painting-byerley-turk-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 August 2013. “Turner Fighting Temeraire Painting in Elementary Series Episode The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/turner-fighting-temeraire-painting-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2013. “Paul Gauguin Painting Tahitian Women on the Beach in Elementary's The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/paul-gauguin-painting-tahitian-women-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2013. “Rubens Painting The Incredulity of St Thomas in Elementary's The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/rubens-painting-incredulity-of-st.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 May 2013. “Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Painting Rousse in Elementary Episode The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/henri-de-toulouse-lautrec-painting.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 May 2013. “The Bruegel Painted Parable in the Elementary Series Episode The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/the-bruegel-painted-parable-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 April 2013. "Black-Tailed Bee Flies Are Not Averse to Elementary's Dead Man's Switch." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/black-tailed-bee-flies-are-not-averse.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 April 2013. "White Darjeeling Tea Abates Broken Hearts on Elementary's Snow Angels." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/white-darjeeling-tea-abates-broken.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 March 2013. "Paganini 24 Caprices Affix Blame on Elementary's Déjà Vu All Over Again." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/03/paganini-24-caprices-affix-blame-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 February 2013. “Osmia Avosetta Natural History Illustrations for Elementary's Bee.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/osmia-avosetta-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2013. "New England Cottontails Perhaps Adapt to Hats on Elementary's Details." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/new-england-cottontails-perhaps-adapt.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 February 2013. "Bennu Herons Perhaps Avert Elementary's A Giant Gun Filled with Drugs." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/bennu-herons-perhaps-avert-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 February 2013. "Frankincense Tree Essential Oils Affirm Elementary's The Deductionist." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/frankincense-tree-essential-oils-affirm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 February 2013. “Russian Tortoise Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Clyde Jan. 31, 2013.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/russian-tortoise-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 January 2013. “Costliest, World-Most Expensive Chopard Watch: 201 Carats at $25 Million.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/costliest-world-most-expensive-chopard.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 January 2013. “Chopard Watch Worth $25 Million on Elementary Episode The Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/chopard-watch-worth-25-million-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 January 2013. “Claude Monet Painting Nympheas 1918 in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/claude-monet-painting-nympheas-1918-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2013. "Are Snowdrop Flowers Why Yogurt Appears on Elementary's Dirty Laundry?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/are-snowdrop-flowers-why-yogurt-appears.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 January 2013. “Paul Cézanne Still Life Painting Fruit in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/paul-cezanne-still-life-painting-fruit.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 December 2012. “Paul Signac Painting Women at the Well in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/paul-signac-painting-women-at-well-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 December 2012. “The Van Gogh Pietà Painting in Elementary Series Episode The Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-van-gogh-pieta-painting-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2012. “Edward Hopper Painting Western Motel in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/edward-hopper-painting-western-motel-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 December 2012. "Barako Coffee Allays Ailments on Elementary's You Do It To Yourself." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/barako-coffee-allays-ailments-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 December 2012. "Liberian Coffee Perhaps Averts Addiction on Elementary's The Long Fuse." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/liberian-coffee-perhaps-averts.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2012. "Are Juices From Trifoliate Oranges on Elementary's One Way to Get Off?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/11/are-juices-from-trifoliate-oranges-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 November 2012. "Saltmeadow Cordgrass Adheres to a Body on Elementary's Flight Risk." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/11/saltmeadow-cordgrass-adheres-to-body-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 November 2012. "Anisakis Worms That Adulterate Sushi Are Not Elementary's Lesser Evils." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/11/anisakis-worms-that-adulterate-sushi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 October 2012. "Elementary's The Rat Race Accesses Vanilla Latte from Vanilla Orchids." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/elementarys-rat-race-accesses-vanilla.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 October 2012. "Why Are Lemon Presses for Lemons on Elementary's Child Predator?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/why-are-lemon-presses-for-lemons-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 October 2012. "Bach Chaconne Absorbs Anguish on Elementary's While You Were Sleeping." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/bach-chaconne-absorbs-anguish-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2012. "Are Lesser Clovers Sherlock's Lucky Shamrocks on Elementary's Pilot?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/09/are-lesser-clovers-sherlocks-lucky.html

"Miss Understood." Elementary: The Seventh Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, July 11, 2019.

"On the Scent." Elementary: The Seventh Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, July 18, 2019.

"Our Time Is Up." Elementary: The Sixth Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, May 21, 2018.

"Plant List." Brooklyn Bridge Park > The Park > Gardens > Ecosystems > Plant Guides & Plant List > Full Plant List.
Available @ http://brooklynbridgepark.s3.amazonaws.com/s/908/Plant%20List.pdf