Turner Fighting Temeraire Painting in Elementary Series Episode The Woman

Summary: The Turner Fighting Temeraire painting becomes Irene Adler's perhaps permanently borrowed belonging in Elementary series episode The Woman May 16, 2013.

In CBS Elementary tv series' The Woman (season 1 episode 23), art forger Irene Adler has taken advantage of her career as an art restorer to switch her counterfeit copy of Joseph Turner's The Fighting Temeraire for the original, which she comfortably displays in her art studio: Joseph Mallard William Turner's The Fighting Temeraire (1839 oil on canvas); The National Gallery, Westminster, Central London, South East England: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The Turner painting The Fighting Temeraire tugged to her last berth to be broken up advances the plot in episode 23 of season one in the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) series Elementary.

The 35.7- by 47.9-inch (90.7- by 121.6-centimeter) oil on canvas no longer belongs to Central London's National Gallery in Westminster because of Irene Adler (Natalie Dormer). The allegorical composition on the steam-powered Industrial Revolution comes into Irene's clandestine collection after she convinces gallery curators of the credible correctness of her counterfeited copy. Writers Robert Doherty and Craig Sweeny depict devious dealings that demonstrate Irene's dark-hearted demeanor and disarm Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) in the episode The Woman.

Perhaps the first in season one's two-episode finale emphasizes technological and temporal enemies that endanger Irene's professional expertise and that the Turner Fighting Temeraire tow epitomizes.

National Gallery visitors find the original Turner Fighting Temeraire painting, inventory number NG524, in room 34 for mid-18th- to mid-19th-century British landscapes, portraits, racehorses and seascapes.

Curators gather other Turner-bequested seascapes: Calais Pier; Margate (?), from the Sea; Rain, Steam, and Speed; The Evening Star; and The Parting of Hero and Leander. Joseph Mallord William Turner (April 23, 1775-Dec. 19, 1851) has one steamboat heading the decommissioned 98-gun ship HMS Temeraire eastward, not westward, from Sheerness to Rotherhithe. Sheerness is a present car and fresh produce import port and a previous Royal Navy dockyard, 1667-1960, on the Isle of Sheppey in north Kent, England.

Rotherhithe juxtaposes historic roles as departure port July 1620 for the Pilgrim ship Mayflower and as scrapyard Sept. 6, 1838, for the Battle of Trafalgar hero-ship.

Art historians know Turner as Royal Academy of Arts enrollee in 1789, exhibitor of watercolors in 1790 and of oils in 1796 and perspective professor, 1807-1828.

The National Gallery website lists the Cockney-speaking Covent Gardener of lower middle-class socioeconomic origins as "the best-loved English Romantic artist" and as "the painter of light." Biographers mention the architectural draughtsman, engraver, gallery owner-operator, painter, poet and watercolorist as among witnesses to Temeraire's tow Sept. 5-6, 1838, from Sheerness to Beatson's Wharf. John Beatson (May 2, 1802-July 26, 1858) needed £5,530 Aug. 16, 1858, for the crewless, gun-, mast-, store-dismantled Temeraire and £58 for tow team and tugs.

The Turner Fighting Temeraire painting offers one masted, white-gray ship behind just one of the Thames Steam Towing Company's 37-ton London and 32-ton Samson paddle tugs.

The Turner Fighting Temeraire painting presents a pictorial farewell to the Chatham Royal Navy Dockyard-produced 2,120-ton vessel whose crew protected the 104-gun, 2,142-ton flagship HMS Victory.

Temeraire Captain Eliab Harvey's (Dec. 5, 1758-Feb. 20, 1830) subduing the 74-gun Fougueux, 74-gun Redoutable and 112-gun Santa Ana quashed the 33-ship French and Spanish fleets. The Battle of Trafalgar's game-changer Oct. 21, 1805, remained in Baltic and Mediterranean Sea front-line service until recommissioning as prison, recruit-receiving, supply and war-guard ships, 1813-1838. Refitted and repainted for each position, the Medway Reserve's flagship spent 1836-1838 under Thomas Fortescue Kennedy (Nov. 9, 1774-May 15, 1846), Sheerness Captain-Superintendent and Trafalgar First-Lieutenant.

Perhaps director Seith Mann's episode transmits, through the Turner Fighting Temeraire painting, Irene's transformations from top-of-the-world to toppled to tucked-away tool of transient technology and time.

In CBS Elementary tv series' The Woman (season 1 episode 23), Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) discovers that art restorer Irene Adler (Natalie Dormer) is also an art forger, with the original of Joseph Turner's The Fighting Temeraire conspicuously displayed as a replica in her art studio: Elementary @ElementaryCBS, via Facebook July 3, 2013

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

In CBS Elementary tv series' The Woman (season 1 episode 23), art forger Irene Adler has taken advantage of her career as an art restorer to switch her counterfeit copy of Joseph Turner's The Fighting Temeraire for the original, which she comfortably displays in her art studio: Joseph Mallard William Turner's The Fighting Temeraire (1839 oil on canvas); The National Gallery, Westminster, Central London, South East England: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons@ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Fighting_Temeraire,_JMW_Turner,_National_Gallery.jpg

In CBS Elementary tvseries' The Woman (season 1 episode 23), Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) discovers that art restorer Irene Adler (Natalie Dormer) is also an art forger, with the original of Joseph Turner's The Fighting Temeraire conspicuously displayed as a replica in her art studio: Elementary @ ElementaryCBS, via Facebook July 3, 2013, @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/photos/a.151627898295663.14686.151013691690417/258309474294171/

For further information:

Byrnes, Andrea. 26 June 2013. "The Beatsons - The Rotherhithe Ship-Breakers Who Broke Up the Temeraire." Russiadock.Blogspot > A Rotherhithe Blog.
Available @ http://russiadock.blogspot.com/2013/06/the-beatsons-ship-breaking-family-in.html

Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. London England: George Newnes Ltd., 1892.
Available via Project Gutenberg @ http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1661/1661-h/1661-h.htm

Elementary: The First Season. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, Inc., May 16, 2013.

"The Fighting Temeraire." The National Gallery > Paintings > Explore the Paintings > Artist A to Z.
Available @ https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/joseph-mallord-william-turner-the-fighting-temeraire

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2013. “Paul Gauguin Painting Tahitian Women on the Beach in Elementary's The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/paul-gauguin-painting-tahitian-women-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2013. “Rubens Painting The Incredulity of St Thomas in Elementary's The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/rubens-painting-incredulity-of-st.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 May 2013. “Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Painting Rousse in Elementary Episode The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/henri-de-toulouse-lautrec-painting.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 May 2013. “The Bruegel Painted Parable in the Elementary Series Episode The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/the-bruegel-painted-parable-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 February 2013. “Osmia Avosetta Natural History Illustrations for Elementary's Bee.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/osmia-avosetta-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 February 2013. “Russian Tortoise Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Clyde Jan. 31, 2013.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/russian-tortoise-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 January 2013. “Costliest, World-Most Expensive Chopard Watch: 201 Carats at $25 Million.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/costliest-world-most-expensive-chopard.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 January 2013. “Chopard Watch Worth $25 Million on Elementary Episode The Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/chopard-watch-worth-25-million-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 January 2013. “Claude Monet Painting Nympheas 1918 in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/claude-monet-painting-nympheas-1918-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 January 2013. “Paul Cézanne Still Life Painting Fruit in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/paul-cezanne-still-life-painting-fruit.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 December 2012. “Paul Signac Painting Women at the Well in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/paul-signac-painting-women-at-well-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 December 2012. “The Van Gogh Pietà Painting in Elementary Series Episode The Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-van-gogh-pieta-painting-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2012. “Edward Hopper Painting Western Motel in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/edward-hopper-painting-western-motel-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2012. "Are Lesser Clovers Sherlock's Lucky Shamrocks on Elementary's Pilot?" Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/09/are-lesser-clovers-sherlocks-lucky.html

Baily Crater Parents Three Satellites in the Northeastern Near Side

Summary: Baily Crater parents three satellites in the northeastern near side, with two to the north in eastern Mare Frigoris and one in southern Mare Frigoris.

Detail of Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) 13 shows Baily Crater and its three satellites in the lunar near side’s Mare Frigoris; courtesy NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) / GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) / ASU (Arizona State University): Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Baily Crater parents three satellites in the northeastern near side, with two northern satellites residing in eastern Mare Frigoris and one southern satellite in the southern extension of Mare Frigoris.

Baily Crater, the Baily Crater system’s primary crater, is centered at 49.78 degrees north, 30.56 degrees east, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The northern hemisphere crater establishes its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 50.2 degrees north and 49.36 degrees north, respectively. The eastern hemisphere crater sets easternmost and westernmost longitudes of 31.21 degrees east and 29.9 degrees east, respectively. Baily Crater’s diameter measures 25.68 kilometers.

Baily Crater parents three satellites from its location on rugged terrain separating Mare Frigoris (Sea of Cold) and Lacus Mortis (Lake of Death). Two satellites, Baily B and Baily K, are located in eastern Mare Frigoris to the north of their parent. One satellite, Baily A, resides in the southern extension of Mare Frigoris, to the south of its parent.

Mare Frigoris is a lunar mare (Latin: mare, “sea”) that spreads across the near side’s portion of the lunar northern hemisphere’s middle to polar latitudes. A slender stretch of rugged terrain separates the dark, basaltic plain from Lacus Mortis. In its southward dip, an extension of Mare Frigoris brushes against the Lake of Death’s eastern edge.

Mare Frigoris is centered at 57.59 degrees north latitude, minus 0.01 degrees west longitude. The northern hemisphere mare reaches its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 64.38 degrees north and 49.08 degrees north, respectively. The elongated lunar mare’s easternmost and westernmost longitudes extend to 38.03 degrees east and minus 43.14 degrees west, respectively. The Sea of Cold’s diameter spans 1,446.41 kilometers.

Baily B and Baily K occupy eastern Mare Frigoris as the Baily Crater system’s northern satellites. Baily B lies to the east-southeast of Baily K. Baily B’s placement qualifies it as the Baily Crater system’s easternmost satellite. Baily K’s placement qualifies it was the most northerly and the most westerly of the Baily Crater system’s three satellites.

Baily B is centered at 51 degrees north latitude, 35.18 degrees east longitude. Baily B confines its northernmost and southernmost latitudes to 51.12 degrees north and 50.89 degrees north, respectively. It restricts its easternmost and westernmost longitudes to 35.36 degrees east and 35 degrees east, respectively. Baily B has a diameter of 6.96 kilometers.

Baily K is centered at 51.51 degrees north latitude, 30.53 degrees east longitude. It narrows its northernmost and southernmost latitudes to 51.56 degrees north and 51.45 degrees north, respectively. It limits its easternmost and westernmost longitudes to 30.62 degrees east and 30.44 degrees east, respectively. Baily K’s diameter of 3.42 kilometers qualifies it as the smallest of the Baily Crater system’s three satellites.

Baily A occurs as the Baily Crater system’s sole southern satellite. Baily A’s placement in the southern extension of Mare Frigoris, to the south-southeast of its parent, qualifies it as the most southerly of the Baily Crater system’s three satellites. Baily A also claims the closest proximity to its parent.

Baily A is centered at 48.71 degrees north latitude, 31.39 degrees east longitude. It obtains its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 48.97 degrees north and 48.44 degrees north, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes occur at 31.79 degrees east and 30.98 degrees east, respectively. Baily A’s diameter of 16.25 kilometers qualifies it as the largest of the Baily Crater system’s three satellites.

Baily A’s residence in the western portion of the Sea of Cold’s southern extension places it to the northeast of Lacus Mortis (Lake of Death). The small basaltic plain pits the near side’s northeastern quadrant as a semi-circular feature. Via a press release dated March 3, 2014, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-based Astrobotic Technology identified Lacus Mortis as its target site for collapsed lava tube exploration in the space robotics company’s entry for the Google Lunar X Prize competition.

Lacus Mortis is centered at 45.13 degrees north latitude, 27.32 degrees east longitude. The basaltic lava plain records northernmost and southernmost latitudes of 47.75 degrees north and 42.5 degrees north, respectively. It registers easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 31.03 degrees east and 23.61 degrees east, respectively. Lacus Mortis has a diameter of 158.78 kilometers.

The takeaways for Baily Crater’s parentage of three satellites in the northeastern near side are that the Baily Crater system’s two northern satellites reside in eastern Mare Frigoris; and that Baily Crater’s solitary southern satellite lies in the southern extension of Mare Frigoris.

Detail of Shaded Relief and Color-Coded Topography Map shows Baily Crater as Mare Frigoris, with easternmost satellite Baily B (upper right) and southernmost satellite Baily A (to parent’s lower right): U.S. Geological Survey, Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Detail of Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) 13 shows Baily Crater and its three satellites in the lunar near side’s Mare Frigoris; courtesy NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) / GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) / ASU (Arizona State University): Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Lunar/lac_13_wac.pdf

Detail of Shaded Relief and Color-Coded Topography Map shows Baily Crater as Mare Frigoris, with easternmost satellite Baily B (upper right) and southernmost satellite Baily A (to parent’s lower right): U.S. Geological Survey, Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/moon_nearside.pdf

For further information:

Astrobotic Technology. “Lunar Destination: Lacus Mortis.” Astrobotic Technology > Press. March 3, 2014.
Available via Internet Archive Wayback Machine @ https://web.archive.org/web/20140529052003/http://www.astrobotic.com/2014/03/03/lunar-destination-lacus-mortis/

Consolmagno, Guy; and Dan M. Davis. Turn Left at Orion. Fourth edition. Cambridge UK; New York NY: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Grego, Peter. The Moon and How to Observe It. Astronomers’ Observing Guides. London UK: Springer-Verlag, 2005.

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Baily.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/562

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Baily A.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/7511

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Baily B.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/7512

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Baily K.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/7513

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Lacus Mortis.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3212

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Mare Frigoris.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3674

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Target: The Moon.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/MOON/target

Kerber, L.; L.M. Jozwiak; J. Whitten; R.V. Wagner; and B.W. Cenevi. “The Geologic Context of Major Lunar Mare Pits.” 50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2019 (LPSC 50), March 18-22, 2019, The Woodlands, Texas: 3134.
Available @ https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2019/pdf/3134.pdf

Levy, David H. Skywatching. Revised and updated. San Francisco CA: Fog City Press, 1994.

Marriner, Derdriu. “Baily Crater Honors British Astronomer Francis Baily.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Aug. 21, 2013.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/baily-crater-honors-british-astronomer.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Sheepshanks Crater Honors British Astronomical Benefactor Anne Sheepshanks.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Feb. 1, 2012.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/sheepshanks-crater-honors-british.html

The Moon Wiki. “Baily.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > B Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Baily

The Moon Wiki. “IAU Directions.” The Moon.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/IAU_directions

The Moon Wiki. “Lacus Mortis.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > M Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Lacus_Mortis

The Moon Wiki. “Mare Frigoris.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > F Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Mare_Frigoris

Moore, Patrick, Sir. Philip’s Atlas of the Universe. Revised edition. London UK: Philip’s, 2005.

Wilhelms, Don E.; John F. McCauley; and Newell J. Trask. The Geologic History of the Moon. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1348. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1987.
Available via USGS Publications Warehouse @ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1348

Williams, Nathan. “Tectonics in Mare Frigoris.” LROC SESE ASU (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera / Arizona School of Earth and Space Exploration / Arizona State University) > Posts. Oct. 12, 2011.
Available @ http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/posts/375

Baily Crater Honors British Astronomer Francis Baily

Summary: Baily Crater honors British astronomer Francis Baily, whose astronomical contributions include describing the Baily’s beads phenomenon.

Detail of image obtained 1967 by Lunar Orbiter 4 shows Baily Crater (upper left) with its southern satellite, Baily A (lower right) on lunar near side; NASA ID 40867 H3: James Stuby (Jstuby), Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Baily Crater honors British astronomer Francis Baily, whose contributions to astronomy include describing the diamond ring effect, named Baily’s beads in his honor.

Baily Crater is a flooded lunar impact crater in the lunar near side’s northeastern quadrant. Only the rim’s northern portion has survived the crater’s flooding by lava. The remnant crater’s northeastern rim exhibits an outward bulge that might be associated with a pre-flood overlapping crater. Lava resurfacing has flattened the crater’s interior floor.

Baily Crater is centered at 49.78 degrees north, 30.56 degrees east, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The middle latitude crater finds its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 50.2 degrees north and 49.36 degrees north, respectively. The eastern hemisphere crater posts easternmost and westernmost longitudes of 31.21 degrees east and 29.9 degrees east, respectively. Baily Crater has a diameter of 25.68 kilometers.

Baily Crater parents three satellites. Two satellites are sited to the north of their parent. One satellite is located to the south of its parent.

British selenographer Thomas Gwyn Empy Elger (Oct. 27, 1836-Jan. 9, 1897) noted the flanking of Baily Crater by mountains in his Victorian era lunar guide, The Moon: A Full Description and Map of Its Principal Physical Features, published in 1895. He also observed: “The group of mountains standing about midway between it and Burg are very noteworthy” (page 54).

Bürg Crater lies to the south-southwest of Baily Crater. The prominent lunar impact crater occurs near the center of Lacus Mortis (Lake of Death).

Bürg is centered at 45.07 degrees north latitude, 28.21 degrees east longitude. The nearly circular crater sets its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 45.7 degrees north and 44.45 degrees north, respectively. It establishes its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 29.14 degrees east and 27.27 degrees east, respectively. Bürg Crater has a diameter of 41.04 kilometers.

Lacus Mortis is centered at 45.13 degrees north latitude, 27.32 degrees east longitude. The basaltic lava plain obtains its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 47.75 degrees north and 42.5 degrees north, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes occur at 31.03 degrees east and 23.61 degrees east, respectively. The Lake of Death’s diameter measures 158.78 kilometers.

Baily Crater honors British astronomer Francis Baily (April 28, 1774-Aug. 30, 1844). The International Astronomical Union (IAU) approved Baily as the crater’s official name in 1935, during the organization’s XVth (5th) General Assembly, held in Paris, France, from Wednesday, July 10, to Wednesday, July 17. The letter designations for the Baily Crater system’s three satellites received approval in 2006.

Francis Baily’s name is especially associated with a solar eclipse phenomenon that he first described in 1836. The diamond ring effect associated with annular and total solar eclipses is known as Baily’s beads in honor of the provision of the first extensive description of the phenomenon by Francis Baily. He detailed the effect in his paper, “On a Remarkable Phenomenon That Occurs in Total and Annular Eclipses of the Sun,” which was read for the Royal Astronomical Society on Dec. 9, 1836.

Baily revisited the bead phenomenon in “Some Remarks on the Total Eclipse of the Sun, on July 8th, 1842,” which was read for the Royal Astronomical Society on Nov. 11, 1842. He observed the phenomenon via the same Dollond 3.5-foot refracting telescope that he had used for the May 15, 1836, annular solar eclipse. The first appearance of the beads was “. . . distinctly visible . . .” (page 4) to Baily at his observation site in an upper room of a building on the campus of northern Italy’s University of Pavia.

Baily was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society (FRAS) on Feb. 8, 1820. He served four terms as President of the Royal Astronomical Society (PRAS): 1825-1827, 1833-1835, 1837-1839, 1843-1845. He ties with British astronomer Sir George Biddell Airy (July 27, 1801-Jan. 2, 1892) as the most-termed Royal Society president.

Baily was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRAS) on Feb. 22, 1821. He served one term (1835-1838) as the society’s treasurer and three terms (1832-1834, 1835-1840, 1842-1843) as the society’s vice-president.

The takeaways for Baily Crater, which honors British astronomer Francis Baily, are that the flooded lunar impact crater lies in the lunar near side’s northeastern quadrant; that Baily Crater parents three satellites; and that the lunar crater’s namesake is credited with providing the first complete description of the annular and total solar eclipse phenomenon named Baily’s beads in his honor.

Detail shows Baily Crater with satellites Baily A, Baily B and Baily K on lunar near side; Baerbel Koesters Lucchitta, Geologic Map of the Wilhelm Quadrangle of the Moon (1972): U.S. Geological Survey, via USGS Publications Warehouse

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Detail of image obtained 1967 by Lunar Orbiter 4 shows Baily Crater (upper left) with its southern satellite, Baily A (lower right) on lunar near side; NASA ID 40867 H3: James Stuby (Jstuby), Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baily_Baily_A_craters_4086_h3.jpg

Detail shows Baily Crater with satellites Baily A, Baily B and Baily K on lunar near side; Baerbel Koesters Lucchitta, Geologic Map of the Wilhelm Quadrangle of the Moon (1972): U.S. Geological Survey, via USGS Publications Warehouse @ https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0725/plate-1.pdf

For further information:

Andersson, Leif E.; and Ewen A. Whitaker. NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature. NASA Reference Publication 1097. Washington DC: NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Branch, October 1982.
Available via NASA NTRS (NASA Technical Reports Server) @ https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19830003761.pdf

Baily, Francis. “I. On a Remarkable Phenomenon That Occurs in Total and Annular Eclipses of the Sun.” Read Dec. 9, 1836. Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. X: 1-43. London [England]: J. Weale, 1838.
Available via HathiTrust @ https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000089593614?urlappend=%3Bseq=13

Baily, Francis. “Some Remarks on the Total Eclipse of the Sun, on July 8th, 1842.” Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. XV: 1-8. London [England]: J. Weale, 1846.
Available via HathiTrust @ https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000089777035?urlappend=%3Bseq=18

Consolmagno, Guy; and Dan M. Davis. Turn Left at Orion. Fourth edition. Cambridge UK; New York NY: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

de Jager, C. (Cornelis); and A. (Arnost) Jappel, eds. XIVth General Assembly Transactions of the IAU Vol. XIV B Proceedings of the 14th General Assembly Brighton, United Kingdom, August 18-27, 1970. Washington DC: Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Jan. 1, 1971.
Available @ https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/transactions_b/

Elger, Thomas Gwyn. “Baily.” The Moon: A Full Description and Map of Its Principal Physical Features: 54. London [England]: George Philip & Son, 1895.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/moonfulldescript00elgerich/page/54/

Grego, Peter. The Moon and How to Observe It. Astronomers’ Observing Guides. London UK: Springer-Verlag, 2005.

Herschel, Sir J.F.W. (John Frederick William). “List of Mr. Francis Baily’s Publications. Chronologically Arranged.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. VI, no. 10 (Nov. 8, 1844): 121-128.
Available via Harvard ADSABS (NASA Astrophysics Data System Abstracts) @ http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/MNRAS/0006//0000121.000.html

Herschel, Sir J.F.W. (John Frederick William). “Memoir.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. VI, no. 10 (Nov. 8, 1844): 89-121.
Available via Harvard ADSABS (NASA Astrophysics Data System Abstracts) @ http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/MNRAS/0006//0000089.000.html

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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/562

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Baily A.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/7511

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Baily B.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/7512

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Baily K.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/7513

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Bürg.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/948

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Lacus Mortis.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3212

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Mare Frigoris.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3674

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Target: The Moon.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/MOON/target

Levy, David H. Skywatching. Revised and updated. San Francisco CA: Fog City Press, 1994.

Lucchitta, Baerbel Koesters. “Geologic Map of the Aristoteles Quadrangle of the Moon.” Geologic Atlas of the Moon Aristoteles Quadrangle I-725 (LAC-13). Prepared in cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the USAF Aeronautical Chart and Information Center. Washington DC: U.S. Geological Survey, 1972.
Available via USGS Publications Warehouse @ https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0725/plate-1.pdf

Marriner, Derdriu. “Airy Crater Honors British Astronomer Sir George Biddell Airy.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, July 24, 2013.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/07/airy-crater-honors-british-astronomer.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Sheepshanks Crater Honors British Astronomical Benefactor Anne Sheepshanks.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Feb. 1, 2012.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/sheepshanks-crater-honors-british.html

McKie, J.N. “James Veitch, 1771-1838.” Journal of the British Astronomical Association, vol. 87, no. 1 (Session 1976-1977): 44-50.
Available via Harvard ADSABS @ http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1976JBAA...87...44M
Available via Harvard ADSABS @ http://adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1976JBAA...87...44M

The Moon Wiki. “Baily.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > B Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Baily

The Moon Wiki. “Bürg.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > B Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Bürg

The Moon Wiki. “IAU Directions.” The Moon.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/IAU_directions

The Moon Wiki. “Lacus Mortis.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > M Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Lacus_Mortis

The Moon Wiki. “Mare Frigoris.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > F Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Mare_Frigoris

Moore, Patrick, Sir. Philip’s Atlas of the Universe. Revised edition. London UK: Philip’s, 2005.

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Available @ https://ras.ac.uk/obituaries/Francis/Baily

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The Royal Society. “Baily; Francis (1774-1844); Astronomer.” The Royal Society > Fellows.
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Stevens, Anne Shurtleff. “James Miller Veitch.” Find A Grave > Memorial. Nov. 3, 2011.
Available @ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/79824705/james-miller-veitch

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Available @ https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/transactions_b/

van der Hucht, Karel A., ed. XXVIth General Assembly Transactions of the IAU Vol. XVII B Proceedings of the 26th General Assembly Prague, Czech Republic, August 14-25, 2006. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, Dec. 30, 2008.
Available @ https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/transactions_b/

Wilhelms, Don E.; John F. McCauley; and Newell J. Trask. The Geologic History of the Moon. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1348. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1987.
Available via USGS Publications Warehouse @ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1348

Williams, Nathan. “Tectonics in Mare Frigoris.” LROC SESE ASU (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera / Arizona School of Earth and Space Exploration / Arizona State University) > Posts. Oct. 12, 2011.
Available @ http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/posts/375

Storm Induced Tree Damage Assessments: Pre-Storm Planned Preparedness

Summary: Geoff Kempter of Asplundh Tree Expert Company links storm induced tree damage assessments to pre-coordinated, pre-mobilized pre-storm planned preparedness.

Pre-storm planned preparedness identifies response phases and recovery stages that facilitate damage cleanup; windstorm damage cleanup: Joseph O'Brien/USDA Forest Service/Bugwood.org, CC BY 3.0 United States, via Forestry Images

Proactive preparation achieves the best storm induced tree damage assessments, according to Storm Response, Part 2: Preparing for Safe and Effective Responses to Storms in the August 2013 issue of Arborist News.

Pre-coordinated, pre-mobilized pre-storm planned preparedness builds the most successful storm responses, "large and small, locally and remotely," according to Geoff Kempter of Asplundh Tree Expert Company. Storm damaged and failed trees "cause widespread damage to infrastructure and can block access for police, fire, utility and other first responders" until tree-clearing efforts commence. Local governments, service providers and utility companies develop long-term plans for acknowledging, assessing and mitigating storm risks and draw upon relevant "personnel, equipment, and support services."

Efficacious plans, whether by central storm centers or by commercial arboricultural firms, effectuate command chain-linked duty delegation for contract, emergency, government, service, supply and utility personnel.

Contact lists, contract pre-negotiation, equipment and tool maintenance, inventory checks, practice drills, procedural meetings and training sessions fill pre-coordination phases in pre-coordinated, pre-mobilized pre-storm planned preparedness.

Contact lists generate alternate, back-up, on-call and primary personnel contact information while pre-negotiated agreements give billing and delivery terms and responder pay rates and work rules. Equipment and tool maintenance, inventory checks, procedural meetings and training sessions help to inspect resources, services and supplies for performance reliability and skill sets for relevance. Drilled contingencies and rehearsed scenarios involve alternate communications, ancillary floods, back-up routes, evacuation points, resource retrievability, response times, route restrictions, staging areas and storm-specific seasonal demands.

Practices juggle everything, even storm-specific impacts and track forecast cones, preceding "actual movement of personnel, supplies, and equipment" for storm induced tree damage assessments and mitigation.

The pre-coordinated, pre-mobilized pre-storm planned preparedness that precedes storm induced tree damage assessments keeps track of prevailing and seasonal weather for storm-specific paths, scales and strengths.

Monitoring site and weather conditions daily, "especially during the times of year when storm response is likely," lets storm center coordinators and personnel "pre-mobilize" to respond. It means smoother actual mobilizations of line- and road-clearance equipment and personnel by storm centers and such regional mutual assistance associations as The Southeast Electric Exchange. It needs to be done since "Storms like tornados or severe thunderstorms often strike quickly" while "hurricanes and ice storms may take several days to develop."

Surveillance offers confirmations or contradictions for such technology as U.S. National Hurricane Center track forecast cones whose accuracy and inaccuracy rates are 67 and 33 percent.

Response phases and recovery stages in successful storm responses put into effect storm induced tree damage assessments and mitigations by contractor-, firm- and utility company-employed arborists.

Pre-coordinated, pre-mobilized pre-storm planned preparedness quickens response times for "initial clearing efforts following storms" to ensure "that damaged trees are properly assessed and saved when appropriate." Drilled scenarios and rehearsed contingencies represent opportunities for line-clearance, risk assessment and risk mitigation arborists to remember sites with trees on the verge of a breakdown. Knowing area sites and trees softens inevitable catch-up stresses since "storm work performed by outside crews also represents work not done where the crews are based."

Storm response skills tend to be marketable since "most large-scale vegetation management work is contracted" and contingent upon climbing, interpersonal and pruning abilities and electrical knowledge.

NOAA's National Hurricane Center (NHC) provides track forecast cones that are critical for defining response phases and recovery stages of pre-storm planned preparedness: NOAA, Public Domain, via NOAA National Weather Service (NWS)

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to:
talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet;
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for superior on-campus and on-line resources.

Image credits:

Pre-storm planned preparedness identifies response phases and recovery stages that facilitate damage cleanup; windstorm damage cleanup: Joseph O'Brien/USDA Forest Service/Bugwood.org, CC BY 3.0 United States, via Forestry Images @ http://www.forestryimages.org/browse/detail.cfm?imgnum=1397063

NOAA's National Hurricane Center (NHC) provides track forecast cones that are critical for defining response phases and recovery stages of pre-storm planned preparedness: NOAA, Public Domain, via NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) @ http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/hurricane/resources/TropicalCyclones11.pdf

For further information:

Gilman, Ed. 2011. An Illustrated Guide to Pruning. Third Edition. Boston MA: Cengage.

Hayes, Ed. 2001. Evaluating Tree Defects. Revised, Special Edition. Rochester MN: Safe Trees.

Kempter, Geoff. August 2013. "Storm Response, Part 2: Preparing for Safe and Effective Responses to Storms." Arborist News 22(4): 12-19.
Available @ http://viewer.epaperflip.com/Viewer.aspx?docid=45e61ade-aa19-4124-8054-a29d00b07435#?page=12

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html

The Red Planet’s Ada Crater Lies in Meridiani Planum

Summary: The Red Planet’s Ada Crater lies in Meridiani Planum, a plain located in the equatorial latitudes of the Martian northern and southern hemispheres.

Detail of Margaritifer Sinus (Mars Chart 19; MC-19) quadrangle shows Ada Crater and neighbors Iazu Crater, Pebas Crater and Zarand Crater as Meridiani Planum occupants: U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Team, Public Domain, via Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

The Red Planet’s Ada Crater lies in Meridiani Planum, a dark plain occupying the equatorial latitudes of the Martian northern and southern hemispheres.

Ada Crater is a Martian lunar impact crater residing in the Red Planet’s southern hemisphere. Ada exposes dark-toned bedrock on its inner edge and light-toned bedrock toward its outer edge, according to an image obtained by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) camera between July 8 and July 31, 2010. Ada Crater’s two bedrock layers create a “. . . nested appearance” (4.1.23), according to the description by planetary geologist Matt Golombek and six co-authors in their paper, “Constraints on Ripple Migration at Meridiani Planum From Opportunity and HiRISE Observations of Fresh Craters,” published in the July 2010 issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets.

Ada Crater is centered at minus 3.06 degrees south latitude, 356.78 degrees east longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The southern hemisphere impact crater confines its northernmost and southernmost latitudes to minus 3.04 degrees south and minus 3.08 degrees south, respectively. It narrows its easternmost and westernmost longitudes to 356.79 degrees east and 356.76 degrees east, respectively. Ada Crater has a diameter of 2.09 kilometers.

Ada Crater parents secondary craters, according to the Golombek team’s findings. HiRISE images reveal secondary craters and fresh herringbone-patterned ejecta at a distance of 8 kilometers north and south of their parent. Superposition of Ada’s secondary craters on the rippled surface of Meridiani Planum occurs at distances of 6 kilometers south-southwest and 32 kilometers south of the parent crater.

Meridiani Planum occupies the northern edge of the Martian southern highlands, according to the European Space Agency (ESA) website. The Golombek team situate the low-lying plain within the Martian western hemisphere’s densely cratered highlands.

Meridiani Planum is centered at minus 0.04 degrees south latitude, 356.86 degrees east longitude. The equatorial plain obtains its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 8.78 degrees north and minus 4 degrees south, respectively. The plain’s easternmost and westernmost longitudes occur at 7 degrees east and 349.1 degrees east, respectively. At its longest extent, Meridiani Planum stretches for 1,058.53 kilometers.

Iazu Crater and Pebas Crater occur as northern, named neighbors of Ada Crater on Meridiani Planum. Iazu Crater resides to the northwest of Ada Crater. Pebas lies to the northeast of Ada Crater.

Iazu Crater is centered at minus 2.71 degrees south latitude, 354.82 degrees east longitude. The southern hemisphere crater limits its northernmost and southernmost latitudes to minus 2.65 degrees south and minus 2.76 degrees south, respectively. It restrics its easternmost and westernmost longitudes to 354.88 degrees east and 354.77 degrees east, respectively. Iazu Crater’s diameter measures 6.83 kilometers.

Pebas Crater is centered at minus 2.6 degrees south latitude, 359.04 degrees east longitude. The southern hemisphere crater establishes its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 2.55 degrees south and minus 2.64 degrees south, respectively. It posts easternmost and westernmost longitudes of 359.09 degrees east and 358.99 degrees east, respectively. Pebas Crater has a diameter of 5.43 kilometers.

Zarand Crater occurs as a southern, named neighbor of Ada Crater on Meridiani Planum. Zarand is located to the southeast of Ada Crater.

Zarand Crater is centered at minus 3.41 degrees south latitude, 358.5 degrees east longitude. The Meridiani Planum crater finds its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 3.39 degrees south and minus 3.44 degrees south, respectively. The western hemisphere crater marks its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 358.53 degrees east and 358.48 degrees east, respectively. Zarand Crater’s diameter measures 2.78 kilometers.

Ada Crater appears on one of the 30 cartographic quadrangle maps of the Martian surface published by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Astrogeology Science Program. Numbered as Mars Chart 19 (MC-19) in the series, the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle covers 0 to 30 degrees south latitude and 0 to 45 degrees west longitude.

Ada Crater honors the town of Ada, Oklahoma. Ada is the county seat of south central Oklahoma’s Pontotoc County. The International Astronomical Union approved Ada as the Martian impact crater’s official name on Sept. 14, 2006.

The takeaways for Ada Crater’s occupancy of the Red Planet’s Meridiani Planum are that the Martian impact crater parents a number of unnamed secondary craters; that Ada Crater appears on one of the 30 cartographic quadrangles created by the U.S. Geological Survey; that Zarand Crater neighbors to the southeast of Ada Crater; and that Ada Crater’s northern, named neighbors on Meridiani Planum include Iazu Crater and Pebas Crater.

Detail of image obtained Nov. 9, 2006, by HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) image of Ada Crater reveals the youthful crater and its fresh ejecta; NASA ID PIA09372; image addition date 2006-11-29; image credit NASA / JPL / Univ. of Arizona: May be used for any purpose without prior permission, via NASA JPL Photojournal

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Detail of Margaritifer Sinus (Mars Chart 19; MC-19) quadrangle shows Ada Crater and neighbors Iazu Crater, Pebas Crater and Zarand Crater as Meridiani Planum occupants: U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Team, Public Domain, via Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/mc19_2014.pdf

Detail of image obtained Nov. 9, 2006, by HiRISE ((High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) image of Ada Crater reveals the youthful crater and its fresh ejecta; NASA ID PIA09372; image addition date 2006-11-29; image credit NASA / JPL / Univ. of Arizona: May be used for any purpose without prior permission, via NASA JPL Photojournal @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA09372

For further information:

Arvidson, R.E.; J.F. Bell III; J.G. Catalano; B.C. Clark; V.K. Fox; R. Gellert; J.P. Grotzinger; E.A. Guinness; K.E. Herkenhoff; A.H. Knoll; M.G.A. Lapotre; S.M. McLennan; D.W. Ming; R.V. Morris; S.L. Murchie; K.E. Powell; M.D. Smith; S.W. Squyres; M.J. Wolff; and J.J. Wray. “Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Opportunity Observations of the Burns Formation: Crater Hopping at Meridiani Planum.” JGR Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, vol. 120, issue 3 (March 2015): 429-451.
Available via AGU Pubs @ https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2014JE004686

Coles, Kenneth S.; Kenneth L. Tanaka; and Philip R. Christensen. The Atlas of Mars: Mappings Its Geography and Geology. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 2019.

Golombek, M.; K. Robinson; A. McEwen; N. Bridges; B. Ivanov; L. Tornabene; and R. Sullivan. “Constraints on Ripple Migration at Meridiani Planum From Opportunity and HiRISE Observations of Fresh Craters.” JGR Journal of Geophysical Research Planets, vol. 115, issue E7 (July 2010): E00F08.
Available via AGU Pubs @ https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2010JE003628

Grego, Peter. Mars and How to Observe It. Astronomers’ Observing Guides. New York NY: Springer Science+Business Media, 2012.

Grossman, Lisa. “Exotic New Mars Images From Orbiting Telephoto Studio.” Science, Sept. 2, 2010.
Available via WIRED @ https://www.wired.com/2010/09/new-mars-image-gallery/

HiRISE. “Pebas Crater With Asymmetric Flow-Ejecta in Eastern Meridiani Planum ESP_014389_1775.” High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment HiRISE Operations Center. Acquisition Date Aug. 21, 2009.
Available @ https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/ESP_014389_1775

HiRISE. “Pebas Crater With Asymmetric Flow-Ejecta in Eastern Meridiani Planum ESP_020692_1775.” High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment HiRISE Operations Center. Acquisition Date Aug. 21, 2009.
Available @ https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/ESP_020692_1775

Hynek, Brian M.; and Gaetano Di Achille. “Geologic Map of Meridiani Planum, Mars.” Scientific investigations Map 3356. Prepared in cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Reston VA: U.S. Geological Survey, 2017.
Available via USGS Publications Warehouse @ https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sim3356

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Ada.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars. Last updated Nov. 17, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14182

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Iazu.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars. Last updated Nov. 17, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14193

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Pebas.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars. Last updated Nov. 17, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14202

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Meridiani Planum.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars. Last updated June 7, 2018.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3854

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Sinus Meridiani.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars. Last updated Oct. 1, 2006.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5568

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “[Terra Meridiani].” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars. Last updated March 1, 2007.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6912

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International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Zarand.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars. Last updated Nov. 17, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14212

Lavoie, Sue, site mgr. “PIA09372: Ada Crater: Youthful and Enigmatic.” NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Photojournal > Catalog. Image addition date: 2006-11-29.
Available @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA09372

Marriner, Derdriu. “Airy Crater Honors British Astronomer Sir George Biddell Airy.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, July 24, 2013.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/07/airy-crater-honors-british-astronomer.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “The Red Planet’s Airy Crater Lies in Meridiani Planum.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Aug. 7, 2013.
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