Limu Lipoa Hawaiian Seaweed on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Episode Nalowale

Summary: Edible endemic Hawaiian seaweed limu lipoa ease Waikiki Bay ends to an executed hostage in Hawaii Five-0 2010's Nalowale: Forgotten/Missing Oct. 18, 2010.

Kamehameha Schools science teacher Minnie Reed identified limu lipoa as one of at least five limu varieties usually necessitating gathering by "a party in a boat" because of their growth "far out on the coral reefs or on exposed rocks in the surf"; cleaning and preparing limu, Hawaiian seaweed, in Minnie Reed, "The Economic Seaweeds of Hawaii and Their Food Value," Annual report of the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station for 1906 (1907), Figure 2, opposite page 64: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, Not in copyright, via Internet Archive

Limu lipoa Hawaiian seaweed appears alongside dark coral, atop pale sand and beneath a Waikiki Bay mermaid in the Hawaii Five-0 2010 active police procedural series episode Nalowale: Forgotten/Missing Oct. 18, 2010.

Director Brad Turner and writers Alex Kurtzman, Peter M. Lenkov, J.R. Orci, Roberto Orci and David Wolkove bring a body port side of an Atlantis submarine. The 2010 first season's fifth episode, continuing the 1968-1980 series by Leonard Freeman (Oct. 31, 1920-Jan. 20, 1974), commences with Atlantis submarine tours beneath Waikiki Bay. Atlantis submarine announcers declare, "The Limu Lipoa is actually a type of seaweed. In fact the waters of Waikiki feature over 200 species of marine plants."

William Edwin Safford (Dec. 14, 1859-Jan. 10, 1926) explored seaweeds under his Descriptive Catalogue of Plants in Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume IX.

Safford research from 1905 found, "In Hawaii many seaweeds are used as articles of food. The favorite of the Hawaiians is the limu-lipoa (Dictyopteris plagiogramma Montagne)."

Limu lipoa ("seaweed from the deep") Hawaiian seaweed, albeit grouped with the Dictyotaceae (from Greek δίκτυον, díkton, "net" and -āceae, "resembling") brown algae family, greens onshore. Straight-standing limu lipoa stipes (stems) have maximum 5.91- to 12.59-inch (15- to 32-centimeter) heights from cone- or irregular-shaped stalks that hold them fast to rocky beds. The edible endemic limu lipoa, identified scientifically in 1837 by Camille Pierre François Camille Montagne (Feb. 15, 1784-Dec. 5, 1866), includes one to three-plus blade-like fronds.

Black- to yellow-brown, dichotomous (two-branched, from Greek διχότομος, dikhótomos, "cut in half"), flat or twisted, sunlight-absorbing, thin fronds juggle jutting midribs with flat or ruffled margins.

Limu lipoa fronds keep fine veinlets in repeating V-like patterns from near their midribs all the way through their margins, whose lower parts know age-induced abrasions.

Limu lipoa fronds sometimes line dark-haired tufts up, irregularly or single-rowed, in non-repeating patterns along each side of the lower and upper surfaces of their midribs. Both sides of limu lipoa fronds maintain asexual spore-making, 0.0035- to 0.0047-inch (90- to 120-micrometer) diameter sporangia (from Greek σπορά, sporá, "seed" and ἀγγεῖον, angeîon, "vessel"). Limu lipoa sporangia nestle into isolated niches or oval sori (from Greek σωρός, sōrós, "heap") on the lower, both lower and upper or solely upper surfaces.

Mature limu lipoa Hawaiian seaweed, outlined scientifically in 1905 by Anna Vickers (June 28, 1852-Aug. 1, 1906), observes spreading sporangia, thickened midribs and worn-away frond margins.

Limu lipoa proliferates epiphytically (from Greek ἐπί, epí, "atop" and φυτόν, phutón, "plant") or in dense beds from low intertidal habitat niches through 262.47-plus-foot (80-plus-meter) depths.

Sargassum (from Portuguese sargaço, "gulfweed") species, fellow Phaeophyceae (from Greek φαιός, phaiós, "gray" and φῦκος, phúkos, "seaweed") brown algae class members, qualify as limu lipoa epiphyte-friendly. Limu lipoa, recognized scientifically as Dictyopteris plagiogramma, renders spicy, underwater seaweed bed-like aromas and flavors to traditional fresh or preserved, salted Hawaiian fish, meat and stews. The Safford research stated, "This is even celebrated in the songs of the natives, who describe the breath of their maidens as perfumed with the limu-lipoa."

Limu lipoa from nitrate-, phosphate-, salt-, silicate-teeming waters between 76.67 and 79.64 degrees  Fahrenheit (24.82 and 26.47 degrees Celsius) likely traditionalizes Hawaii Five-0 task force get-togethers.

A red-headed boy sees Nemo and a "mermaid" during an underwater tour of Waikiki, filmed aboard Atlantis Adventures Hawaii's submarine, in CBS TV's Hawaii Five-0, season 1, episode 5, Nalowale ("Forgotten/Missing"): Atlantis Adventures Hawaii @AtlantisHawaii, via Facebook Sept. 22, 2010

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Kamehameha Schools science teacher Minnie Reed identified limu lipoa as one of at least five limu varieties usually necessitating gathering by "a party in a boat" because of their growth "far out on the coral reefs or on exposed rocks in the surf"; cleaning and preparing limu, Hawaiian seaweed, in Minnie Reed, "The Economic Seaweeds of Hawaii and Their Food Value," Annual report of the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station for 1906 (1907), Figure 2, opposite page 64: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, Not in copyright, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/annualreport1906hawa/page/n74

A red-headed boy sees Nemo and a "mermaid" during an underwater tour of Waikiki, filmed aboard Atlantis Adventures Hawaii's submarine, in CBS TV's Hawaii Five-0, season 1, episode 5, Nalowale ("Forgotten/Missing"): Atlantis Adventures Hawaii @AtlantisHawaii, via Facebook Sept. 22, 2010, @ https://www.facebook.com/AtlantisHawaii/photos/a.149021185136161/149024585135821/

For further information:

Abbott, Isabella Aiona. 1984. Limu: An Ethnobotanical Study of Some Hawaiian Seaweeds. Kaua'i HI: National Tropical Botanical Garden.

Atlantis Adventures Hawaii @AtlantisHawaii. 22 September 2010. "Added a new photo." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/AtlantisHawaii/photos/a.149021185136161/149024585135821/

"Edible Limu...Gifts from the Sea: Ka uluwehi o ke kai." Honolulu HI: University of Hawaii, Botany Department, 2002.
Available @ http://www.hawaii.edu/reefalgae/publications/ediblelimu/

MacCaughey, Vaughan. October 1916. "The Seaweeds of Hawaii." American Journal of Botany, vol. III, no. 8: 474-479. Lancaster PA: Published in cooperation with The Botanical Society of America by The Brooklyn Botanic Garden.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47257896

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 November 2010. “Hawaiian Blueberry Botanical Illustrations for Hawaii Five-0 Pancakes.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaiian-blueberry-botanical.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 November 2010. “Hawaii Five-0 2010: Respect the Land and the Pizza Without Pineapples?” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaii-five-0-2010-respect-land-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 November 2010. “Pygmy Hippopotamuses for Grace of the Hawaii Five-0 2010 Family?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/pygmy-hippopotamuses-for-grace-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 November 2010. “Pineappley Hala Tree Botanical Illustrations for Hawaii Five-0 Pilot.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/pineappley-hala-tree-botanical.html

Montagne, Camille. 1837. "25. Haliseris plagiogramma (Montag.mss.)." Page 356. In: "Centurie de Plantes Cellulaires Exotiques Nouvelles." Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Seconde Série. Tome Huitième -- Botanique: 345-370. Paris, France: Crochard et Cie.
Available via AlgaeBase @ http://img.algaebase.org/pdf/562E28D3055fb35CBAMQM2FBBA3C/17943.pdf
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36216750

"Nalowale: Forgotten/Missing." Hawaii Five-0 2010: The First Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount, Oct. 18, 2010.

Reed, Minnie. 9 September 1907. The Economic Seaweeds of Hawaii and Their Food Value. Annual Report of the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station for 1906. Issued Sept. 9, 1907. Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38538282
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/annualreport1906hawa/page/61
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/cu31924000636989/

Safford, William Edwin. 1905. "Algae. . . .limu lipoa (Dictyopteris plagiogramma)." The Useful Plants of the Island of Guam With an Introductory Account of the Physical Features and Natural History of the Island, of the Character and History of Its People, and of Their Agriculture. Contributions From the United States National Herbarium, volume IX: 178. Washington DC: Government Printing Office, 1905.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40590186

Vickers, A. (Anna). 1905. "70. Dictyopteris Plagiogramma Montagne." Page 58. In: Liste des Algues Marines de la Barbade." Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Neuvième Série. Botanique, tome I, no. 1: 45-64. Paris, France: Masson et Cie.
Available via AlgaeBase @ http://img.algaebase.org/pdf/AC100CF113f9322571HGS2B344E7/7536.pdf
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4521641

Wianecki, Shannon. March-April 2010. "The Lure of Limu." Maui Nō Ka 'Oi Magazine > Archive.
Available @ https://mauimagazine.net/the-lure-of-limu/