Webb Crater Parents 17 Satellites in Eastern Lunar Near Side

Summary: Webb Crater parents 17 satellites in the eastern lunar near side, with five sharing the northeastern Mare Fecunditatis with their parent.

Detail of Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) 62 shows nine satellites (C, E, F, G, L, P, U, W, X) in the Webb Crater system in Mare Fecunditatis, Sinus Successus and Mare Spumans in the lunar near side’s southeastern quadrant; courtesy NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) / GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) / ASU (Arizona State University): U.S. Geological Survey, Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Webb Crater parents 17 satellites in the eastern lunar near side, with five in northeastern Mare Fecunditatis with their parent; three in neighboring Sinus Successus; two in Mare Spumans; three between Mare Spumans and Sinus Successus; and four between Mare Spumans and Mare Fecunditatis.

Primary lunar impact crater Webb is centered at minus 0.98 degrees south latitude, 60 degrees east longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The southeastern quadrant crater records northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 0.63 degrees south and minus 1.33 degrees south, respectively. Webb registers easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 60.35 degrees east and 59.65 degrees east, respectively. The small crater has a diameter of 21.41 kilometers.

Five of Webb Crater’s 17 satellites occupy the equator-straddling, northeastern Mare Fecunditatis (Sea of Fecundity) with their parent. Webb U lies to the northwest of its parent as an occupant of the near side’s northern hemisphere. U is centered at 1.85 degrees north latitude, 56.23 degrees east longitude and has a diameter of 5.73 kilometers.

Satellites B, D, H and Q share the lunar southern hemisphere’s portion of Mare Fecunditatis with their parent. Lying to the west of its parent, Webb B is centered at minus 0.85 degrees south latitude, 58.37 degrees east longitude and has a diameter of 6.45 kilometers. Lying southwest of its parent, Webb D is centered at minus 2.38 degrees south latitude, 57.52 degrees east longitude and has a diameter of 6.53 kilometers. Lying more closely to its parent’s southwest, Webb H is centered at minus 2.15 degrees south latitude, 59.44 degrees east longitude and has a diameter of 9.98 kilometers. To its parent’s east, Webb Q is centered at minus 1.13 degrees south latitude, 61.24 degrees east longitude and has a diameter of 4.28 kilometers.

Equator-straddling Sinus Successus (Bay of Success) bulges along northeastern Mare Fecunditatis. The lunar bay hosts Webb Crater satellites P, W and X. With center coordinates at 2.39 degrees north latitude, 57.69 degrees east longitude, Webb P is sited in Sinus Successus and has a diameter of 37.86 kilometers.

Satellites W and X cluster along the bay’s northern edge. W is centered at 3.02 degrees north latitude, 58.12 degrees east longitude and has a diameter of 7.75 kilometers. X is centered at 3.22 degrees north latitude, 58.25 degrees east longitude and has a diameter of 7.98 kilometers.

Equator-straddling Mare Spumans (Foaming Sea) lies to the east of Mare Fecunditatis and Sinus Successus. The basaltic plain hosts Webb satellites C and L. With center coordinates of 0.15 degrees north latitude, 63.83 degrees east longitude, Webb C primarily is located in northwestern Mare Spumans and has a diameter of 34.34 kilometers. Resting along the northwestern edge of Mare Spumans, Webb L is centered at 0.16 degrees north latitude, 62.73 degrees east longitude and has a diameter of 6.3 kilometers.

Webb E, F and G are found as northern hemisphere satellites in the terrain between Mare Spumans and Sinus Successus. As the most northerly of the trio, Webb G is centered at 1.67 degrees north latitude, 61.22 degrees east longitude and has a diameter of 9.07 kilometers. Satellite F’s northeastern border snuggles against Webb G’s southwestern reaches. F is centered at 1.47 degrees north latitude, 61 degrees east longitude and has a diameter of 9.54 kilometers. Soloing to the south-southeast of F, Webb E is centered at 0.94 degrees north latitude, 61.05 degrees east longitude and has a diameter of 6.82 kilometers.

Webb J, K, M and N are found as southern hemisphere satellites in the terrain to the south of Sinus Successus, between Mare Spumans and Mare Fecunditatis. As the most northerly of the quartet, Webb M is centered at minus 0.26 degrees south latitude, 63.81 degrees east longitude and has a diameter of 5.83 kilometers. Cozying its northeastern arc with M’s southwestern border, Webb N is centered at minus 0.32 degrees south latitude, 63.62 degrees east longitude and has a diameter of 5.86 kilometers. With M and N resting against its northwestern border, Webb J is centered at minus 0.62 degrees south latitude, 63.99 degrees east longitude and has a diameter of 26.53 kilometers. Soloing to the west of J, Webb K is centered at minus 0.85 degrees south latitude, 62.96 degrees east longitude and has a diameter of 18.61 kilometers.

Three of Webb’s satellites are larger than their parent. With a diameter of 21.41 kilometers, the parent is smaller than P at 37.86 kilometers, C at 34.34 kilometers and J at 26.53 kilometers.

Adjoining satellites M and N rate as the Webb Crater system’s two smallest satellites. Slightly larger N has a diameter of 5.86 kilometers to M’s 5.83-kilometer diameter.

The Webb Crater system honors 19th-century British astronomer and Anglican clergyman Thomas William Webb (Dec. 14, 1807-May 19, 1885). The International Astronomical Union (IAU) approved the parent crater’s name in 1935 during the organization’s Vth (5th) General Assembly, held in Paris, France, from Wednesday, July 10, to Wednesday, July 17. Approval of the system’s 17 satellite designations took place in 2006.

The takeaways for Webb Crater’s parentage of 17 satellites in the eastern lunar near side are the Webb Crater system stretches from northeastern Mare Fecunditatis eastward, through Sinus Successus, to Mare Spumans; and that three satellites (C, J, P) are larger than their parent.

Detail of Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) 80 shows the primary crater and eight satellites (B, D, H, J, K, M, N, Q) in the Webb Crater system in Mare Fecunditatis and Mare Spumans in the lunar near side’s southeastern quadrant; courtesy NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) / GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) / ASU (Arizona State University): U.S. Geological Survey, Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Detail of Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) 62 shows nine satellites (C, E, F, G, L, P, U, W, X) in the Webb Crater system in Mare Fecunditatis, Sinus Successus and Mare Spumans in the lunar near side’s southeastern quadrant; courtesy NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) / GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) / ASU (Arizona State University): U.S. Geological Survey, Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Lunar/lac_62_wac.pdf

Detail of Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) 80 shows the primary crater and eight satellites (B, D, H, J, K, M, N, Q) in the Webb Crater system in Mare Fecunditatis and Mare Spumans in the lunar near side’s southeastern quadrant; courtesy NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) / GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) / ASU (Arizona State University): U.S. Geological Survey, Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Lunar/lac_80_wac.pdf

For further information:

Consolmagno, Guy; and Dan M. Davis. Turn Left at Orion. Fourth edition. Cambridge UK; New York NY: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5571

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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6504

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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/13825

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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/13826

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International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Webb G.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
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International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Webb J.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/13832

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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/13833

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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/13836

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Webb P.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/13837

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Webb Q.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
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International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Webb U.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/13839

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Webb W.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
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International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Webb X.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
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Condon Crater Honors 20th-Century American Physicist Edward Condon

Summary: Condon Crater honors 20th-century American physicist Edward Condon, whose interest in astronomy was sparked by Halley’s Comet’s Earth approach in 1910.

Detail of Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) 62 shows Condon Crater (center right), with adjoining Webb satellite F, in the lunar near side’s northeastern quadrant, lying along eastern Sinus Successus (Bay of Success); courtesy NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) / GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) / ASU (Arizona State University): U.S. Geological Survey, Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

The Lunar near side’s Condon Crater honors 20th-century American physicist Edward Condon, who traced his childhood interest in astronomy to Halley’s Comet’s Earth approach in 1910.

Condon Crater is a lunar impact crater in the lunar near side’s northeastern quadrant. The lava-flooded crater presents a nearly level interior floor. Low segments of the crater’s western and eastern rim survive despite breaks in the south-southwest and especially in the north-northwest.

Mark Tillotson and Jim Mosher’s The Moon-Wiki mentions a “bright raycraterlet on the northeastern part of Condon’s rim.” The bright craterlet is discernible in stereo pairs AS17-P-2915 and AS17-P-2920 obtained during lunar revolution 74 by Apollo 17’s 610-meter (24-inch) Itek panoramic camera.

Condon Crater is centered at 1.87 degrees north latitude, 60.36 degrees east longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The northern hemisphere crater marks northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 2.45 degrees north and 1.3 degrees north, respectively. The eastern hemisphere crater obtains easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 60.94 degrees east and 59.79 degrees east, respectively. Condon Crater has a diameter of 34.85 kilometers.

Condon Crater is sited on the eastern shore of Sinus Successus. The Bay of Success forms an outward bulge on the northeastern edge of Mare Fecunditatis (Sea of Fecundity). Sinus Successus is centered at 1.12 degrees north latitude, 58.52 degrees east longitude. The equator-straddling bay registers northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 2.87 degrees north and 0.86 degrees south, respectively. The eastern hemisphere bay’s easternmost and westernmost longitudes occur at 60.19 degrees east and 56.52 degrees east, respectively. The bay’s diameter measures 126.65 kilometers.

Webb Crater satellite F nestles against Condon’s southeastern rim. The satellite’s parent crater, Webb Crater, lies to the southwest, in northeastern Mare Fecunditatis. Webb F is centered at 1.47 degrees north latitude, 61 degrees east longitude. F posts northernmost and southernmost latitudes of 1.62 degrees north and 1.32 degrees north, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes occur at 61.15 degrees east and 60.85 degrees east, respectively. Webb F has a diameter of 9.54 kilometers.

Webb G sprouts from F’s northeastern rim but avoids contact with Condon. Webb G is centered at 1.67 degrees north latitude, 61.22 degrees east longitude. Its northernmost and southernmost latitudes reach 1.82 degrees north and 1.52 degrees north, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes only extend to 61.37 degrees east and 61.07 degrees east, respectively. Webb G has a diameter of 9.07 kilometers.

Prior to 1974, Condon Crater was considered as a satellite of Webb Crater. Condon’s satellite designation was Webb R.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Lunar Topographic Orthophotomap LTO62C4, entitled “Condon” and published August 1974, introduced the crater’s replacement name as Condon. The map’s notations under Names Information indicated Condon’s name as “provisional pending IAU approval.” “Condon (Webb R)” appeared under “New names; names in parentheses are those being replaced.”

The International Astronomical Union formally approved Webb R satellite’s upgrade to a primary crater named Condon in 1976 during the organization’s XVIth (16th) General Assembly, which was held Tuesday, Aug. 24, to Tuesday, Sept. 21, in Grenoble, France. The crater honors 20th-century American physicist Edward Uhler Condon (March 2, 1902-March 26, 1974).

In an Oct. 17, 1967, interview with Charles Weiner (died Jan. 28, 2012), director of the American Institute of Physics’ (AIP) Center for the History of Physics, Condon traced his interest in astronomy to Earth’s close passage through Halley’s Comet’s tail in March 1910. Condon guessed that his eight-year-old self read “all” of the Denver Public Library’s astronomy books.

Condon received his Ph.D. in theoretical physics from the University of California at Berkeley in 1926. His dissertation synthesized band spectral intensity analyses by his adviser, Raymond Thayer Birge (March 13, 1887-March 22, 1980), with German physicist James Franck’s (Aug. 26, 1882-May 21, 1964) suggestion concerning diatomic molecular disintegration to formulate his own explanation for intensity irregularities. The Franck-Condon principle pertains to spectroscopy and quantum chemistry.

The takeaways for the lunar near side’s Condon Crater, which honors 20th-century American physicist Edward Condon, are that the lava-flooded lunar impact crater occupies the northeastern quadrant, lying along the eastern Sinus Successus (Bay of Success); that, prior to 1976, Condon was thought to be a satellite of the southeastern quadrant’s Webb Crater; and that the crater’s namesake was an American physicist who credited Halley’s Comet’s close passage in 1910 with inspiring his interest, as an eight-year-old, in astronomy.

Detail of Shaded Relief and Color-Coded Topography Map shows lunar near side’s Condon Crater (upper right) along eastern Sinus Successus; prior to 1976, Condon Crater, under the designation of Webb R, was considered a satellite of Webb Crater (center right): U.S. Geological Survey, Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Detail of Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) 62 shows Condon Crater (center right), with adjoining Webb satellite F, in the lunar near side’s northeastern quadrant, lying along eastern Sinus Successus (Bay of Success); courtesy NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) / GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center) / ASU (Arizona State University): U.S. Geological Survey, Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Lunar/lac_62_wac.pdf

Detail of Shaded Relief and Color-Coded Topography Map shows lunar near side’s Condon Crater (upper right) along eastern Sinus Successus; prior to 1976, Condon Crater, under the designation of Webb R, was considered a satellite of Webb Crater (center right): U.S. Geological Survey, Public Domain, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/moon_nearside.pdf

For further information:

Condon, E.U. (Edward Uhler). “The Franck-Condon Principle and Related Topics.” American Journal of Physics, vol. 15, no. 5 (September-October 1947): 365-374.
Available @ https://web.chem.ucsb.edu/~devries/chem218/Condon%20on%20Franck-Condon.pdf

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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/MOON/target

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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6504

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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/13829

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