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Thursday, January 30, 2025

Michael J Trinklein Absents Arctic Thaw From Iceland in Lost States


Summary: Michael J Trinklein absents Arctic thaw from Iceland in Lost States: True Stories of Texlahoma, Transylvania and Other States That Never Made It.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.


graphic of Iceland's coat of arms, with United States flag replacing Icelandic flag as emblem in the shield (also termed escutcheon), designed by Hrefna Sigurðardóttir for "That Time The United States Was Thinking Of Buying Iceland" by journalist Anna Andersen, published April 28, 2015, in Reykjavik Grapevine, an English-language, Icelandic street magazine and online newspaper headquartered in Reykjavik, southwestern Iceland: Iceland Visual History Blog, via Facebook April 28, 2015

Michael J. Trinklein absents Arctic thaw from Iceland in his Lost States: True Stories of Texlahoma, Transylvania and Other States That Never Made It, available since 2010 by Quirk Books (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).
Author Trinklein broaches, after Nazi-German defeat in World War II (Friday, Sep. 1, 1939-Sunday, Sep. 2, 1945) the United States Congress backing Iceland as 49th state. The Unitedstatesian Congress considered Iceland whose independence from Denmark Saturday, June 17, 1944, before unconditional Nazi-German surrender Monday, May 7, 1945 and during the Unitedstatesian occupation. Nazi-German occupation of Denmark Tuesday, April 9, 1940-Saturday, May 5, 1945 and Nazi-German submarine U-boat attacks Sunday, Sep. 3, 1939-Tuesday, May 8, 1945 demanded neutral-Iceland defenses.
Unitedstatesian occupation entailed entry and exit dates expressed by agreements Monday, June 16, 1941 and Monday, Oct. 7, 1946 even as physical presence entailed later dates.

Tuesday-Saturday, July 8-12, 1941 featured first-landed United States Marine Corps even as Monday, March 31, 1947 and April 1947 figured respectively finished air and troop presences.
California 9th-district United States Representative (Thursday, Jan. 3, 1935-Monday, Jan. 3, 1949) Bertrand Wesley Gearhart (Saturday, May 31, 1890-Tuesday, Oct. 11, 1955) guided getting Iceland statehood. Author Trinklein hails east-west symmetric Unitedstatesian Alaska and Iceland even as he honors the unitary parliamentary republic's democratic tradition and "well educated ... resourceful" (Trinklein:57) citizens. "Bud" Gearhart interconnected Iceland Unitedstatesian statehood and such other-island statehoods as Atlantic-Ocean, Caribbean-Sea, Pacific-Ocean, Philippine-Sea islands even as invoking Alaskan 49th, Hawaiian 50th statehoods ultimately intervened.
Michael J. Trinklein joins Arctic thaw, military bases and strategic biogeography in the Lost States chapter on Greenland even as he never judges Iceland global warming-wise.

Alaska, Greenland and Iceland know a common, overlapping history in 24th Secretary of State (Tuesday, Mar 5, 1861-Thursday, Mar 4, 1869) William Henry Seward. Secretary Seward.
Secretary Seward (Saturday, May 16, 1801-Thursday, Oct. 10, 1872) liked the above-listed trio even as he located Russian Alaska Friday, Oct. 18, 1867 within Unitedstatesian limits. Meeting Russian diplomat Eduard de Stoeckl (1804-Tuesday, Jan. 26, 1892) made Alaska Unitedstatesian for 1.9 cents per acre even as money made Danish West Indies Unitedstatesian. Twenty-five million dollars in gold coin Friday, Aug. 4, 1916 netted Danish Antilles/Virgin Islands/West Indies whose Unitedstatesian sovereignty officially niched Saturday, March 31, 1917.
Global warming occasions Unitedstatesian-opportune Greenland Arctic thaw in Lost States by Michael J. Trinklein even as military presence, strategic biogeography, Unitedstatesian business opportunized Hawaii, opportunize Iceland.

Captain James Cook (Sunday, Nov. 7, 1728-Sunday, Feb. 14, 1779) perceiving Hawaiian sugarcane Sunday, Jan. 18, 1778 prompted Unitedstatesian sugar-industry businesses even as fast-food Iceland prospers.
Iceland quarters such fast-food businesses as Domino's Pizza, Pizza Hut, Sbarro Pizza, Subway, Taco Bell and TFI Fridays even as Kentucky Fried Chicken qualifies as longest-lasting. The United States retained a military presence in Iceland through Keflavík International Airport's United States Naval Air Station Keflavík (NASKEF) until the latter's closure in 2006. Hawaiian statehood similarizes, for author Trinklein, Icelandic annexation for military strategies, strategic biogeography and such business as Hawaii and Iceland as world-dependable, world market-cornered lava producers.
Arctic thaw perhaps triggers Unitedstatesian Greenland in Lost States by Michael J. Trinklein even as Hawaiian and Icelandic gas-grill lava-rock briquettes perhaps trigger Unitedstatesian Iceland.

American lawyer and politician Bertrand Wesley "Bud" Gearhart (May 31, 1890-Oct. 11, 1955), who served seven terms (Thursday, Jan. 3, 1935-Monday, Jan. 3, 1949; 74th to 80th U.S. Congress) as the U.S. representative for California's 9th District (East Bay region of San Francisco Bay Area), introduced a resolution Monday, Oct. 29, 1945, to extend statehood to Iceland and to purchase Greenland (Congressional Record--House, vol. 91, part 8 [Oct. 29, 1925; pages 10131-10169], page 10134): via Congress.gov

Acknowledgment
My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication
This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:
graphic of Iceland's coat of arms, with United States flag replacing Icelandic flag as emblem in the shield (also termed escutcheon), designed by Hrefna Sigurðardóttir for "That Time The United States Was Thinking Of Buying Iceland" by journalist Anna Andersen, published April 28, 2015, in Reykjavik Grapevine, an English-language, Icelandic street magazine and online newspaper headquartered in Reykjavik, southwestern Iceland: Iceland Visual History Blog, via Facebook April 28, 2015, @ https://www.facebook.com/icelandvisualhistory/posts/885142824875241/;
Reykjavik Grapevine, via Facebook Jan. 2, 2021, @ https://www.facebook.com/ReykjavikGrapevine/posts/from-the-vault-a-look-back-at-that-time-the-us-was-considering-buying-our-countr/10158479883117779/;
The Reykjavík Grapevine Picture gallery (The Reykjavík Grapevine), All Rights Reserved, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/reykjavikgrapevine/17185071876/
American lawyer and politician Bertrand Wesley "Bud" Gearhart (May 31, 1890-Oct. 11, 1955), who served seven terms (Thursday, Jan. 3, 1935-Monday, Jan. 3, 1949; 74th to 80th U.S. Congress) as the U.S. representative for California's 9th District (East Bay region of San Francisco Bay Area), introduced a resolution Monday, Oct. 29, 1945, to extend statehood to Iceland and to purchase Greenland (Congressional Record--House, vol. 91, part 8 [Oct. 29, 1925; pages 10131-10169], page 10134): via Congress.gov @ https://www.congress.gov/bound-congressional-record/1945/10/29/house-section

For further information:
Auerbach, Loren; and Jacqueline Simpson. 1997. Sagas of the Norsemen: Viking and German Myth. London [England UK:] Duncan Baird Publishers.
Benz, George W., Ph.D. "Greenland shark Somniosus microcephalus." Pages 156-157. In: Bernhard Grzimek, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 2nd edition. Volumes 4-5, Fishes I-II, edited by Michael Hutchins, Dennis A. Thoney, Paul V. Loiselle and Neil Schlager. Farmington Hills MI: Gale Group, 2003.
Bloch, M. E. and Schneider, J. G. 1801. "Squalus microcephalus." Page 135. In: M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. Systema Ichthyol. i-lx + 1-584.
"Ord. III. ABD. G 37. Squalus. *29. MICROCEPHALUS. S. capite et pinnis parvis, dentibus parvis, compreſſis, acie lata, hamata, naribus terminalibus, pinna dorſali paulum poſt baſin pectoralium, meſsura poſt ventralium lineam perpendicularem poſita, omnibus remotiſſimis, ano pinnae caudali vicino, cauda brevi.
Habitat in mari glaciali.
Exemplum meum 13 pedes longum."
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5475232#page/199/mode/1up
Boxshall, Amy. 2020. "Greenland Shark." In: Amy Boxshall, My Awesome Sharks Book. England UK; The Wilderness, Beckhamsted, Hertfordshire; New York NY: Make Believe Ideas Ltd., 557 Broadway, Sep. 20, 2020.
Brydon, Alli. 2023. "Super Awesome Sharks." Pages 3-18. In: Alli Brydon, 4-Minute Shark Stories. Washington DC: National Geographic Kids, National Geographic Partners, LLC, 1145 17th St. NW, Nov. 7, 2023.
Chambers, Jewells. 22 January 2023. "U.S. (American) Fast Food Restaurants in Iceland." All Things Iceland. All Things Iceland> Episodes > Categories > All Things Iceland Episodes.
Available @ https://allthingsiceland.com/american-fast-food-restaurants-iceland/
Czerski, Helen. 2023. The Blue Machine: How the Ocean Works. New York NY: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. Originally published as The Blue Machine: How the Ocean Shapes Our World. Ealing, London, England, UK: Torva imprint, Transworld Publishers, 2023.
Esbensen, Barbara Juster. 1994. Baby Whales Drink Milk. Illustrated by Lambert Davis. New York NY 10022: Let's-Read-and-Find-Out Science Stage 1, HarperCollins Publishers, 10 East 53rd Street.
Flynn, Sarah Wassner. 1,000 Facts About Sharks. Foreword by Ichthyologist Dr. Phillip S. Lobel. Washington DC: National Geographic Kids, National Geographic Partners, LLC, 1145 17th St. NW, Nov. 7, 2023.
“Greenland.” Universal City, CA: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment LLC, Feb. 9, 2021.
Hargrave, Kelly; and Andrea Silen. 2022. Can't Get Enough Shark Stuff. National Geographic Kids. Washington DC: National Geographic Partners, LLC, 1145 17th Street N.W.
Hargrave, Kiran Millwood. 2021. Julia and the Shark. Illustrated by Tom de Freston. Great Britain: Hodder & Stoughton Limited; New York, NY, USA: Union Square Kids, Union Square & Co., LLC, Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.
Harvey, Derek. 2015. Super Shark Encyclopedia and Other Creatures of the Deep. First American Edition. New York NY: DK Publishing, Penguin Random House.
Hinds, Kathryn. 2010. Barbarians! Vikings. Tarrytown NY: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 99 White Plains Rd.
Jackson, Justin. 10 March 2025. "Exploring the Greenland shark's secret to extreme longevity." MSN > News > Phys.org.
Available @ https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/exploring-the-greenland-shark-s-secret-to-extreme-longevity/ar-AA1ADntq?ocid=binghp01&cvid=bbbe85c2dec84268ea41db6295f5a3cf&ei=124
Kuhnlein, Harriet V.; and Murray M. Humphries. 2017. "Sharks." In: Kuhnlein, H.V.; and M.M. Humphries. 2017. Traditional Animal Foods of Indigenous Peoples of Northern North America. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, McGill University. TraditionalAnimalFoods.org > Animals > Animal Groups > Fish > Saltwater Fish > Sharks > Ethnography.
Available @ http://traditionalanimalfoods.org/fish/saltwater/page.aspx?id=6440
Macfarlane, Robert. 2019. Underland: A Deep Time Journey. New York NY: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 5th Avenue.
MacQuitty, Miranda. 2008. Shark. New York NY: Eyewitness Book, DK Publishing, 1745 Broadway, 20th Floor.
MacQuitty, Miranda. 2022. Shark. New York NY: Eyewitness Book, DK Publishing, 1745 Broadway, 20th Floor.
Margeson, Susan M. 2014. Eyewitness Viking. Revised Edition. New York NY: DK Publishing, 1745 Broadway, 20th Floor, [American Edition] 2014. First American Edition, 1994.
Marriner, Derdriu. 30 January 2025. "Michael J Trinklein Absents Arctic Thaw From Iceland in Lost States." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/michael-j-trinklein-absents-arctic-thaw_30.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2025. "Arctic Thaw Affects Greenland in Lost States by Michael J Trinklein." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/arctic-thaw-affects-greenland-in-lost.html
McPherson, Stephanie Sammartino. 2015. Arctic Thaw: Climate Change and the Global Race for Energy Resources. Minneapolis MN: Twenty-First Century Books, division of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc.
Muir, Michael. 11 August 2025. "Scientists puzzled by new phenomenon witnessed on Greenland ice sheet: 'We haven't observed anything like this before.'" MSN > Weather > The Cool Down.
Available @ https://www.msn.com/en-us/weather/topstories/scientists-puzzled-by-new-phenomenon-witnessed-on-greenland-ice-sheet-we-haven-t-observed-anything-like-this-before/ar-AA1Klep4?ocid=BingHp01&cvid=8033e83665b6498df127408b13656bd6&ei=10
Nuttall, Mark. "Greenland. Pages 383-385. In: World Book Encyclopedia Volume 8 G. Chicago IL: World Book, Inc.
Osborne, Mary Pope. 2020. Narwhal on a Sunny Night. Magic Treehouse #33. Illustrated by AG Ford. New York NY: Stepping Stone Book, Random House Children's Books, divison of Penguin Random House LLC.
Parker, Steve. 2008. The Encyclopedia of Sharks. Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books Ltd.; Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books (U.S.) Inc.
Prunetti, Luigi. 1996. Viking Explorers. Translated by Paul Clark. England: Macdonald Young Books Ltd., 1995. New York, NY: Peter Bedrick Books, 156 Fifth Ave.
Rayne, Elizabeth. 20 August 2025. "Sharks Are Older Than Trees, Which Seems Wrong." Popular Mechanics > News > Technology.
Available @ https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/sharks-are-older-than-trees-which-seems-wrong/ar-AA1KNGIw?ocid=BingHp01&cvid=e56f9a93ddf2491c9a1e042eb374152f&ei=93#image=1
Schmidt, Jennifer V. "Greenland Shark." Pages 385-386. In: World Book Encyclopedia Volume 8 G. Chicago IL: World Book, Inc.
Scott, Jordan. Angela's Glacier. Illustrated by Diana Sudyka. New York NY: Neil Porter Books, Holiday House, Jan. 2, 2024.
Skerry, Brian. With Elizabeth Carney and Sarah Wassner Flynn. The Ultimate Book of Sharks. Washington DC: National Geographic Kids, National Geographic Partners, LLC, 1145 17th St. NW, May 15, 2018.
Skomal, Dr. Greg. 2008. "Greenland shark." Pages 32, 51, 56, 62, 67, 70, 79, 82, 83, 186, 198-201, 202, 272. In: Dr. Greg Skomal, The Shark Handbook: The Essential Guide for Understanding the Sharks of the World. Kennebunkport Me: Cider Mill Press Book Publishers.
Tanaka, Shelley. 2006. Climate Change. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Groundwork Guides, Groundwood Books, House of Anansi Press, 110 Spadina Avenue, Suite 801. Distributed by Publishers Group West, 1700 Fourth Street, Berkeley CA.
Trinklein, Michael J. Lost States: True Stories of Texlahoma, Transylvania, and Other States That Never Made It. Philadelphia PA: Quirk Books, 2010
Van Brugen, Isabel; and John Feng. 15 May 2025. "Map Shows US Nuclear Base Hidden Under Greenland’s Ice Since Cold War.” Newsweek. Newsweek > World > Greenland.
Available @ https://www.newsweek.com/map-us-nuclear-base-cold-war-greenland-2072612


Wednesday, January 29, 2025

Mailing Addresses for 2024 Forms 1040 and 1040SR Filed in 2025


Summary: Mailing addresses for 2024 forms 1040 and 1040SR filed in 2025, due date Tuesday, April 15, 2025, are provided for the benefit of taxpayers filing in paper format.


IRSnews @IRSnews, via X (formerly Twitter) Jan. 27, 2025

Federal income tax forms 1040 and 1040SR for 2024 income have a due date of Tuesday, April 25, 2025. Mailing addresses for 2024 forms 1040 and 1040SR are provided for the benefit of taxpayers choosing to submit their 2024 federal individual income tax returns in paper format.
IRS help line telephone number for individuals: 800-829-1040
Open Monday through Friday, 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. local time
Alaska and Hawaii residents should follow Pacific Time
Puerto Rico phone lines open 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. local time
IRS website: https://www.irs.gov/

IRSnews @IRSnews, via X (formerly Twitter) Jan. 22, 2025

Paper and Paperless Formats of 2024 Forms 1040 and 1040SR
U.S. taxpayers usually provide their individual federal income information via forms 1040 or 1040SR. "Everyone can file Form 1040. Form 1040-SR is available to you if you were born before January 2, 1959," the IRS notes in section "Line Instructions for Forms 1040 and 1040-SR" (page 12) of IRS Tax Year 2024 1040 (and 1040-SR) Instructions.
Forms 1040 and 1040SR may be filed in paper or paperless formats. The paperless format entails electronic filing (e-file). Electronic-formatted Direct File and Free File are listed in "Free Ways To File Your Taxes" (page 7) of the instructions booklet for forms 1040 and 1040SR. "Direct File is an option for eligible taxpayers to file their federal tax returns online, securely with the IRS." For Free File, taxpayers are advised: "If you meet the adjusted gross income requirement, you may be able to use free tax preparation software to prepare and e-file your tax return." Free File's adjusted gross income qualification is $84,000 or less, according to "Ways to file for free" on "File your tax return" page of the IRS website (https://www.irs.gov/filing/individuals/how-to-file).
Paper format filing requires mailing completed forms 1040 and 1040SR to specific addresses differentiated by residence location and by no payment-enclosed, payment-enclosed or refund-requested tax returns. Six IRS centers are responsible for processing 2024 forms 1040 and 1040SR filed in 2025 ("Where Do You File?," page 113 [back cover]). The three centers for 2024 individual income tax returns with either refund requests or no-enclosed payments for taxes owed are located in Kansas City, Missouri; Austin, Texas; and Ogden, Utah. IRS centers in Louisville, Kentucky; Charlotte, North Carolina; and Cincinnati, Ohio, accept payment-enclosed 2024 forms 1040 and 1040SR.

IRSnews @IRSnews, via X (formerly Twitter) Jan. 17, 2025

Mailing Addresses for Forms 1040 and 1040SR
Mailing addresses for 2024 forms 1040 and 1040SR are listed in a table on the back cover of Tax Year 2024 1040 (and 1040-SR) Instructions booklet (page 113). Those addresses also are given in eight tables below. The headings for each of the eight tables provide the two addresses for each grouping.
Six tax return processing centers correlate with eight groupings of forms 104 and 1040SR. The first seven associate with forms 1040 and 1040SR mailed by taxpayers located in the District of Columbia and the 50 U.S. states.
The eighth group concerns taxpayers in special situations of living in a foreign country or a U.S. territory, of using an APO or FPO address, of filing Form 2555 for Foreign Earned Income (URL for form: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f2555.pdf; URL for instructions: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f2555.pdf) or Form 4563 for Exclusion of Income for Bona Fide Residents of American Samoa (URL: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f4563.pdf), or of being a dual-status alien. An asterisked note directs taxpayers in American Samoa, Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands or the Northern Mariana Islands to consult Publication 570, Tax Guide for Individuals With Income From U.S. Possessions (URL: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-prior/p570--2023.pdf).

Mailing Addresses for Forms 1040 and 1040SR:
Taxpayers living in: Refund or No Payment Payment Enclosed
Department of the TreasuryInternal Revenue Service
Internal Revenue ServiceP.O. Box 1214
Austin TX 73001-0002Charlotte NC 28201-1214
Alabama
Georgia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
Taxpayers living in: Refund or No Payment Payment Enclosed
Department of the TreasuryInternal Revenue Center
Internal Revenue ServiceP.O. Box 802501
Ogden UT 84201-0002Cincinnati OH 45280-2501
Alaska
California
Colorado
Hawaii
Idaho
Kansas
Michigan
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
South Dakota
Utah
Washington
Wyoming
Taxpayers living in: Refund or No Payment Payment Enclosed
Department of the TreasuryInternal Revenue Service
Internal Revenue ServiceP.O. Box 802501
Austin TX 73301-0002Cincinnati OH 45280-2501
Arizona
New Mexico
Taxpayers living in: Refund or No Payment Payment Enclosed
Department of the TreasuryInternal Revenue Service
Internal Revenue ServiceP.O. Box 931000
Austin TX 73301-0002Louisville KY 40293-1000
Arkansas
Oklahoma
Taxpayers living in: Refund or No Payment Payment Enclosed
Department of the TreasuryInternal Revenue Center
Internal Revenue ServiceP.O. Box 931000
Kansas City MO 64999-0002Louisville KY 40293-1000
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Minnesota
Missouri
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Rhode Island
Vermont
Virginia
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Taxpayers living in: Refund or No Payment Payment Enclosed
Department of the TreasuryInternal Revenue Service
Internal Revenue ServiceP.O. Box 1214
Austin TX 73301-0002Charlotte NC 28201-1214
Florida
Louisiana
Mississippi
Texas
Taxpayers living in: Refund or No Payment Payment Enclosed
Department of the TreasuryInternal Revenue Center
Internal Revenue ServiceP.O. Box 802501
Kansas City MO 64999-0002Cincinnati OH 45280-2501
Pennsylvania
Taxpayers living in: Refund or No Payment Payment Enclosed
Department of the TreasuryInternal Revenue Center
Internal Revenue ServiceP.O. Box 1303
Austin TX 73301-0215Charlotte NC 28201-1303
A foreign country
U.S. territory*
use an APO or FPO address
file Form 2555 or Form 4563
are a dual-status alien

(*If you live in American Samoa, Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or the Northern Mariana Islands, see Publication 570.)

"Where Do You File?" Tax Year 2024 1040 (and 1040-SR) Instructions, page 113 (back cover): via U.S. Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service (IRS) @ https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/i1040gi.pdf

Acknowledgment
My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication
This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:
"The #IRS will begin accepting tax returns #TODAY, January 27, and will include tools and resources such as Direct File and Free File programs to help you through the process. Learn more about what's available to you this filing season: https://ow.ly/sVTm50UEwQN.": IRSnews @IRSnews, via X (formerly Twitter) Jan. 27, 2025, @ https://x.com/IRSnews/status/1883880196161372163
"Tax season starts Jan. 27 this year. It's time to #GetReady to file your tax return. Take a look at all your filing options on the #IRS website to make the choice that's right for you. You can choose free filing options like Free File or Direct File, work with a tax professional or choose from many other ways to file. Whatever you choose--it's helpful to plan ahead. We have enhanced features on our website to help answer your questions any time of day or night. Get started at https://ow.ly/sVTm50UEwQN.": IRS @IRS, via Facebook Jan. 22, 2025, @ https://www.facebook.com/IRS/posts/pfbid021tQ9go6Wvk4amZvJWpEpEk3AuB1QfMBHs4V233DdQY2axCMrP9wzMXWdSiryJY6dl; via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1012012814305774&set=pb.100064911930482.-2207520000
"Starting Jan. 27, eligible taxpayers in 25 states can file their taxes directly with the #IRS for free using Direct File. New features, enhanced live chat support and expanded credits and deductions make filing easier and quicker. Learn more: https://ow.ly/sVTm50UEwQN.": IRS @IRS, via Facebook Jan. 17, 2025, @ https://www.facebook.com/IRS/posts/pfbid02jhjjaQcLKSrEzY9pXrjjvgGWPg29Ppqxth7Pv839uwnfUHreC4M4qNe5exYBZNMxl; via Facebook Jan. 17, 2025, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1008571361316586&set=pb.100064911930482.-2207520000
"Where Do You File?" Tax Year 2024 1040 (and 1040-SR) Instructions, page 113 (back cover): via U.S. Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service (IRS) @ https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/i1040gi.pdf

For further information:
DerdriuMarriner. "Mailing Addresses for 2023 Forms 1040 and 1040SR Filed in 2024." Wizzley. April 15, 2024.
Available @ https://wizzley.com/mailing-addresses-for-2023-forms-1040-and-1040sr-filed-in-2024/
DerdriuMarriner. "Mailing Addresses for 2023 Form 4868 Extending 1040 and 1040SR April 15, 2024, Due Date." Wizzley. April 15, 2024.
Available @ https://wizzley.com/mailing-addresses-for-2023-form-4868-extending-1040-and-1040sr-april-15-2024-due-date/
DerdriuMarriner. "Mailing Addresses for 2022 Forms 1040 and 1040SR Filed in 2023." Wizzley. April 13, 2023.
Available @ https://wizzley.com/mailing-addresses-for-2022-forms-1040-and-1040sr-filed-in-2023/
DerdriuMarriner. "Mailing Addresses for 2022 Form 4868 Extending 1040 and 1040SR April 18, 2023, Due Date." Wizzley. April 13, 2023.
Available @ https://wizzley.com/mailing-addresses-for-2022-form-4868-extending-1040-and-1040sr-april-18-2023-due-date/
IRS Internal Revenue Service. "As tax season approaches, the #IRS is reminding people of simple steps they can take now to #GetReady to file their 2024 federal tax returns. Learn more at https://ow.ly/ch8X50UeZQx.": IRS @IRS, via Facebook Dec. 4, 2024, @ https://www.facebook.com/IRS/posts/pfbid0ozC4vhXmnqqepxmC6gXkCjDY87bm2AqSffik6DsvPmCR1CeFumLkKTrwTRbC6ZxAl; via Facebook Dec. 4, 2024, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=978584537648602&set=pb.100064911930482.-2207520000
IRS Internal Revenue Service. "As tax season approaches, there are steps you can take now to #GetReady to file your 2024 #IRS tax return. Step 1: Bookmark IRS.gov for easy access to tax resources and guides. For more ways to get ready, see: https://ow.ly/Bp7150UFj6x.": IRS @IRS, via Facebook Jan. 13, 2025, @ https://www.facebook.com/IRS/posts/pfbid0C5SoTcyrrWx62Rsiyvu4mP7jDdzoxEAgwbkuoML4z9zdiCumh9FUfzrGMWGdSdwfl; via Facebook Jan.13, 2025, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1005873304919725&set=pb.100064911930482.-2207520000
IRS Internal Revenue Service. "Just like your cherished family recipes, it's important to keep your tax records ready and organized so they're easy to find when you need them. Keeping accurate records may help you avoid delays that slow your refund and can even help you find overlooked #IRS credits and deductions. See our list of documents to gather before you file your return this upcoming filing season https://ow.ly/OSRx50UjpPo.": IRS @IRS, via Facebook Dec. 8, 2024, @ https://www.facebook.com/IRS/posts/pfbid026F7WNEqCrW9TNxz5PQFt5soRhW7d1KDtnCZQZfCUs49UFnMoWWwwCiDPrkumvKcnl; via Facebook Dec. 8, 2024, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=981419927365063&set=pb.100064911930482.-2207520000
IRS Internal Revenue Service. "Looking to get your #IRS tax refund fast? Filing electronically and choosing direct deposit is the fastest way to access your refund. Get ready for the tax filing season by locating your bank's routing and accounting numbers. Visit www.irs.gov/getready for more tips on how to prepare for the tax filing season.": IRS @IRS, via Facebook Dec. 9, 2024, @ https://www.facebook.com/IRS/posts/pfbid0QuGwjzUqyvpR28QNEUVa3NhYXSwa4yU48ekdzoChP379WCzgoGn6g7x7Gto6LkjEl; via Facebook Dec. 9, 2024, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=981940620646327&set=pb.100064911930482.-2207520000
IRS Internal Revenue Service. "Starting Jan. 27, eligible taxpayers in 25 states can file their taxes directly with the #IRS for free using Direct File. New features, enhanced live chat support and expanded credits and deductions make filing easier and quicker. Learn more: https://ow.ly/sVTm50UEwQN.": IRS @IRS, via Facebook Jan. 17, 2025, @ https://www.facebook.com/IRS/posts/pfbid02jhjjaQcLKSrEzY9pXrjjvgGWPg29Ppqxth7Pv839uwnfUHreC4M4qNe5exYBZNMxl; via Facebook Jan. 17, 2025, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1008571361316586&set=pb.100064911930482.-2207520000
IRS Internal Revenue Service. "Tax filing season is in full swing. For many Americans, it is one of the most common times you interact with the #IRS. When you need to interact with us, you have 10 rights that are outlined in the Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TBOR). In this tax tip, we explain your rights as a taxpayer to help you know what to expect. For more on the Taxpayer Bill of Rights, visit https://ow.ly/QLFX50UOLkK..": IRS @IRS, via Facebook Jan. 29, 2025, @ https://www.facebook.com/IRS/posts/pfbid0A1rsHhYeHvnSTofWpgRu9iWv4QoedpqhymEPyiX42caZaDYU9UkreDWkuaCtGwpil; via Facebook Jan. 29, 2025, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1017050263802029&set=pb.100064911930482.-2207520000
IRS Internal Revenue Service. "Tax season starts Jan. 27 this year. It's time to #GetReady to file your tax return. Take a look at all your filing options on the #IRS website to make the choice that's right for you. You can choose free filing options like Free File or Direct File, work with a tax professional or choose from many other ways to file. Whatever you choose--it's helpful to plan ahead. We have enhanced features on our website to help answer your questions any time of day or night. Get started at https://ow.ly/sVTm50UEwQN.": IRS @IRS, via Facebook Jan. 22, 2025, @ https://www.facebook.com/IRS/posts/pfbid021tQ9go6Wvk4amZvJWpEpEk3AuB1QfMBHs4V233DdQY2axCMrP9wzMXWdSiryJY6dl; via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1012012814305774&set=pb.100064911930482.-2207520000
IRS Internal Revenue Service. "The #IRS offers new mobile-friendly forms that can be filled out using your cell phone or tablet. For forms that require signatures, you need an #IRS Online Account to complete mobile friendly forms. Make sure you have scans of your supporting documentation ready to send with your submission. Find out what forms we have available in mobile-friendly versions at https://ow.ly/ezuS50UxkYj.": IRS @IRS, via Facebook Jan. 8, 2025, @ https://www.facebook.com/IRS/posts/pfbid02RHt5wxT8Za7gHV8SQUUrykeW76zBMTLcmcGbub64E8eWZ5C6zpxMSUWN4y5VtegBl; via Facebook Jan. 8, 2025, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1002418151931907&set=pb.100064911930482.-2207520000
IRS Internal Revenue Service. "The #IRS will begin accepting tax returns #TODAY, January 27, and will include tools and resources such as Direct File and Free File programs to help you through the process. Learn more about what's available to you this filing season: https://ow.ly/sVTm50UEwQN.": IRSnews @IRSnews, via X (formerly Twitter) Jan. 27, 2025, @ https://x.com/IRSnews/status/1883880196161372163
IRS Internal Revenue Service. "The nation's tax season begins today -- the #IRS will now start accepting and processing 2024 tax returns. This filing season will continue reflecting our focus on improving services for taxpayers. Find out more.": IRSnews @IRSnews, via X (formerly Twitter) Jan. 27, 2025, @ https://x.com/IRSnews/status/1883943108108292241
IRS Internal Revenue Service. "To #GetReady for tax season 2025, the #IRS offers a variety of online tools like the Individual Online Account, which is available 24/7. Read more about available tools and tax resources here: https://ow.ly/ch8X50UeZQx.": IRS @IRS, via Facebook Dec. 11, 2024, @ https://www.facebook.com/IRS/posts/pfbid0vEfFtb8rtXqHc6qVrA7AYTRVX2Tf8QhwJNJnNKJSt8CWVXJNiHPRwZGNQDBYiP1Jl; via Facebook Dec. 11, 2024, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=983422283831494&set=pb.100064911930482.-2207520000
Marriner, Derdriu. "Where to Mail 2022 Federal Income Tax Return Forms 1040 and 1040SR." Earth and Space News. Thursday, April 13, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/where-to-mail-2022-federal-income-tax.html
Marriner, Derdriu. "Where to Mail 2022 Form 4868 to Extend 1040/1040SR April 18, 2023, Due Date." Earth and Space News. Thursday, April 13, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/where-to-mail-2022-form-4868-to-extend.html
U.S. Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service. "2024 Instructions for Form 2555 Foreign Earned Income 2024." Catalog Number 11901A. June 21, 2024. Internal Revenue Service > Forms and Publications.
Available via IRS @ https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f2555.pdf
U.S. Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service. "Form 1040 U.S. Individual Income Tax Return 2024." Internal Revenue Service > Forms and Publications.
Available via IRS @ https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1040.pdf
U.S. Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service. "Form 1040-SR U.S. Tax Return for Seniors 2024." Internal Revenue Service > Forms and Publications.
Available via IRS @ https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1040s.pdf
U.S. Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service. "Form 2555 Foreign Earned Income 2024." Internal Revenue Service > Forms and Publications.
Available via IRS @ https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f2555.pdf
U.S. Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service. "Form 2555 Foreign Earned Income 2024." Internal Revenue Service > Forms and Publications.
Available via IRS @ https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f2555.pdf
U.S. Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service. "Form 2555 Foreign Earned Income 2024." Internal Revenue Service > Forms and Publications.
Available via IRS @ https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f2555.pdf
U.S. Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service. "Form 4563 (Rev. September 2024) Exclusion of Income for Bona Fide Residents of American Samoa." Internal Revenue Service > Forms and Publications.
Available via IRS @ https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f4563.pdf
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Available via IRS @ https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p17.pdf
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U.S. Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service. Tax Year 2024 1040 (and 1040-SR) Instructions. Washington DC: U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO), Dec. 16, 2024.
Available via IRS @ https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/i1040gi.pdf


Tuesday, January 28, 2025

Lakkrístoppar Are Icelandic Chocolate and Licorice Meringue Cookies


Summary: Chocolate and licorice flavor meringue cookies in Iceland's Lakkrístoppar, literally "licorice tops," a Christmas sweet with year-round appeal.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.


Lakkrístoppar ("Licorice Tops") flavor the Icelandic Christmas as meringue cookies with aromatic chocolate and licorice: Ljúfmeti og lekkerheit, via Facebook Dec. 21, 2015

Chocolate and licorice meringue cookies bake aromatically as Lakkrístoppar, literally "licorice tops," an Icelandic Christmas sweet that my family also enjoys throughout the year.

Ingredients:
3 eggs, with whites separated
7/8 cup (200 grams) light brown sugar
3/4 cup (150 grams) chocolate chips
1 package (4.4 ounces; 150 grams) Lakkrískurl ("licorice curls") by Nói Síríus

Preparation:
Preheat oven to 300 degrees Fahrenheit (150 degrees Celsius).
Place parchment paper on baking sheet.

Separate whites from yolks of three eggs.
Place egg whites in large bowl.
Set egg yolks in refrigerator. (My family favors using egg yolks for another Icelandic recipe, Eggjamjólk, Egg Soup.)

Gently whisk egg whites to fluffiness.
Slowly pour or spoon light brown sugar into bowl.
Lightly whisk to combine egg whites and sugar.
Then vigorously whisk mixture to form stiff peaks.

Gently fold chocolate chips and licorice curls into egg white and sugar mixture.

Scoop mixture with a teaspoon for placement on baking sheet's parchment paper.

Bake at 300 degrees Fahrenheit (150 degrees Celsius) for approximately 20 minutes, until cookies are slightly brown and lightly crispy,

Allow cookies to cool. (Sometimes my family serves Licorice Top cookies while still lightly warm.)


Yield: According to portion size of medium or thick scoops with teaspoon, recipe usually approximates two dozen (24) to three dozen (36) cookies.



Glycyrrhiza glabra is known as licorice in American English and as liquorice in Commonwealth English. The flowering plant with a sweetly flavored root members in the bean family Fabaceae. The herbaceous perennial legume is native to Western Asia, Southern Europe and North Africa.
Iceland's importation of licorice dates to the mid-19th century, according to Copenhagen-born, Reykjavik-raised journalist and social media content writer Helga Dís Björgúlfsdóttir in "Licorice in Iceland – A Love Story," posted Oct. 5, 2022, on Your Friend In Reykjavik blog. Licorice root's first appearances in Iceland occurred in pharmacies. Traditional medicinal properties of "apothecary licorice," known in Europe and in China, include effectiveness as cough suppressants, mucolytics for mucous control and laxatives, as noted by Linni Kral in "Why Is Iceland So in Love With Licorice?", posted April 24, 2017, on the Atlas Obscura website.
Opal debuted as the first Icelandic licorice product in 1945, according to Helga Dís Björgúlfsdóttir. Consistent with imported apothecary licorice, Reykjavik-based Sælgætisgerðin Opal ("Opal Confectionary") introduced Opal licorice tablets as a medicinal product available for purchase in pharmacies.
The popularity of Victory V, a British brand of licorice lozenges sold in red rectangular packages, had inspired Sælgætisgerðin Opal's creation of an Icelandic apothecary licorice, as credited by Lilja Katrín Gunnarsdóttir in "Yfir 100 tilraunir til að endurgera bláan Opal: 'Þetta hefur verið barátta' -- 'Laundrykkjumenn lagstir í Opal?'" in the Dec. 10, 2018, issue of Matur and also by Helga Dís Björgúlfsdóttir. Sælgætisgerðin Opal released the pioneer Icelandic licorice in a rectangular box with a distinctive pattern of red-and-white circles designed by Reykjavik-born painter and advertising graphic artist Atli Már Árnason (Jan. 17, 1918-Feb. 9, 2006). Iceland's first licorice product is known as rauður Opal ("red Opal").
Reykjavik-headquartered Icelandic chocolate and confection manufacturer Nói Sírius purchased Sælgætisgerðin Opal at the end of 1995, according to Sagan ("Our History") on Iceland's biggest candy producer's website (https://www.noi.is/fyrirtaekid/sagan/; English @ https://www.noi.is/en/about-noi-sirius/our-history/). Founded in 1920 as Brjóstsykursgerðin Nói, Nói Sírius, Nói purchased 1895-founded Sírius chocolate factory in 1933. In 1977 Nói and Sírius merged as Nói Sírius.
In 1962 Jón Sigurður Kjartansson and his two brothers founded Reykjavik-based Sambó Kólus as a manufacturer of pure licorice products, according to "Our Story" on the family confectionary's website (http://sambo.is/ourstory.html). Icelanders popularly pair Sambó's licorice rolls and straws as wraparounds with chocolate and as sippers with Egils Appelsín, according to Sambó's website and Helga Dís Björgúlfsdóttir. Egils Appelsín is an orange soda produced since 1955 by Ölgerðin Egill Skallagrímsson (Egill Skallagrimsson Brewery), a Reykjavik-based Icelandic beer and beverage company established in 1913.
In 1990, Kólus presented Icelandic chocolate-and-licorice lovers with Þristur ("three"). The Sambó brand's name reflects the confection's three main ingredients of caramel and licorice bits in a milk chocolate bar.
Iceland's Christmas tradition of Lakkrístoppar epitomizes the elevated aesthetic, gustatory status occupied by the combination of chocolate and licorice in the Land of Fire and Ice.

Reykjavik, Iceland-headquartered Nói Síríus includes the recipe for Lakkrístoppar on the Icelandic chocolate and confectionary manufacturer's packets of Lakkrískurl ("Licorice Curls"): Nói Síríus, via Facebook Nov. 18, 2011, @ https://www.facebook.com/noisirius/posts/10150411325432485

Acknowledgment
My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication
This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:
Lakkrístoppar ("Licorice Tops") flavor the Icelandic Christmas as meringue cookies with aromatic chocolate and licorice: Ljúfmeti og lekkerheit, via Facebook Dec. 21, 2015, @ https://www.facebook.com/ljufmeti/posts/1115776871766751/
Lakkrístoppar ("Licorice Tops") are easy to make, easy to eat and easy to enjoy: Iceland Food Centre, "Icelandic Christmas Meringue Cookies / Lakkrístoppar -- ICELAND FOOD CENTRE #15," via YouTube. Dec. 9, 2020, @ YouTube @ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrAe2TrwrPU
Reykjavik, Iceland-headquartered Nói Síríus includes the recipe for Lakkrístoppar on the Icelandic chocolate and confectionary manufacturer's packets of Lakkrískurl ("Licorice Curls"): Nói Síríus, via Facebook Nov. 18, 2011, @ https://www.facebook.com/noisirius/posts/10150411325432485

For further information:
Björgúlfsdóttir, Helga Dís. "Licorice in Iceland -- A Love Story." Your Friend In Reykjavik. Oct. 5, 2022. Available via @ https://yourfriendinreykjavik.com/licorice-in-iceland-a-love-story/
DV Editorial. "Kólus rekið með tugmilljóna gróða -- Sælgætisgerðin skilar hagnaði ár eftir ár -- Framkvæmdastjórinn 83 ára." (Translation: "Kolus operated with tens of millions in profits. -- The confectionary business returns a profit year after year -- The CEO is 83 years old."). DV. Sunday, Sep. 18, 2016.
Available in Icelandic via DV @ https://www.dv.is/frettir/2016/09/18/kolus-rekid-med-tugmilljona-groda/
Available in English translation via DV @ https://www-dv-is.translate.goog/frettir/2016/09/18/kolus-rekid-med-tugmilljona-groda/?_x_tr_sl=is&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc
Eldar, Albert. "Lakkrístoppar -- hinar sívinsælu smákökur." (Translation: "Licorice tops -- the ever popular cookies"). Albert Eldar. Dec. 10, 2020.
Available via Albert Eldar @ https://alberteldar.is/2020/12/10/lakkristoppar/
Giggles (Rhonda Adkins). "Icelandic Lakkrís Toppar." The Kitchen Witch > Recipes > Desserts. Jan. 1, 2017.
Available via The Kitchen Witch @ https://www.thekitchenwitchblog.com/2017/01/01/icelandic-lakkris-toppar/
Góa. "UPPSKRIFT: ÓMÓTSTÆÐILEGIR (APPELSÍNU)LAKKRÍSTOPPAR -- svo einfaldir að allir geta bakað. Varúð: Það er mjög erfitt að hætta að maula þegar maður hefur smakkað fyrsta bitann! --- HRÁEFNIÐ: 3 eggjahvítur 200 gr. púðursykur 150 gr. Lindu appelsínurjómasúkkulaði 2 pokar Appolo lakkrískurl AÐFERÐIN: Stífþeytið eggjahvíturnar og púðursykurinn, það ætti að taka um það bil 15 mínútur. Saxið súkkulaðið smátt og blandið því ásamt lakkrískurlinu saman við stífþeyttu eggjahvíturnar og hrærið saman með sleif (ekki hrærivél). Setjið á bökunarpappír með skeið en þessi uppskrift ætti að duga á tvær meðalstórar bökunarplötur. Bakið við 150 gráðu hita í 15 mínútur. Athugið að bakarofnar eru eins misjafnir og þeir eru margir og því skyldi maður alltaf fylgjast vel með bakstrinum. --- Látið okkur endilega vita hvernig tekst til. Ætlarðu ekki alveg örugglega að prófa?" Facebook. Nov. 24, 2016.
Available via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/goa.is/posts/1227898107256733:0/
Gunnarsdóttir, Lilja Katrín. "Yfir 100 tilraunir til að endurgera bláan Opal: 'Þetta hefur verið barátta' -- 'Laundrykkjumenn lagstir í Opal?'" Matur. Dec. 10, 2018.
Available via Matur @ https://www.dv.is/matur/2018/12/10/yfir-100-tilraunir-til-ad-endurgera-blaan-opal-thetta-hefur-verid-baratta-laundrykkjumenn-lagstir-opal/
Hovdenak Distillery. "Jón Sigurður Kjartansson, the "Willy Wonka of Icelandic chocolate and licorice," began his legacy in 1962 by creating many of Iceland's most beloved chocolates, licorice, and sweets. Sixty-two years later, at the age of 85, he still ensures that the factory runs smoothly. In 1990, the chocolate bar Þristur hit the Icelandic market and quickly became a favorite, capturing the hearts of the island's residents. In 2020, we humbly knocked on Sambó's door in Árbær, Reykjavík with an idea. We wanted to transform the iconic Icelandic chocolate bar into a liqueur. We sincerely hope that we at Hovdenak Distillery did it justice. At least, we believe we did. Coming Soon!" Facebook. June 28, 2024.
Available via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/hovdenakdistillery/posts/1000329222100039/
Available via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1000329222100039&set=a.453576763441957
Iceland Food Centre. "Does this ever happen to you!?." Facebook. Dec. 9, 2020.
Available via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/IcelandFoodCentre/videos/icelandic-meringue-christmas-cookies/209400290672985/
Iceland Food Centre. "Icelandic Christmas Meringue Cookies / Lakkrístoppar -- ICELAND FOOD CENTRE #15." YouTube. Dec. 9, 2020.
Available via YouTube @ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrAe2TrwrPU
Iceland Food Centre. "Lakkrístoppar -- Icelandic Christmas Meringue Cookies." Iceland Food Centre > Recipes.
Available @ https://www.icelandfoodcentre.com/lakkristoppar-icelandic-meringue-cookies/
Iceland Unwrapped By Helgastina -- Travel Planner. "To learn a language we at Iceland Unwrapped recommend learning Icelandic through recipe. Especially Christmas cookie recopies. We don´t know of almost any home that doesn´t do those for the holiday season. Everything with licorice is eaten in Iceland so please join us in baking Lakkrís toppar. Here is a recipe in Icelandic by my friend Albert https://alberteldar.is/2020/12/10/lakkristoppar/ and here is one in English https://www.icelandfoodcentre.com/lakkristoppar.../ Enjoy and look further on these pages for other great options for food and baking." Facebook.
Available via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1154039823198404&id=100057771923047
Ljúfmeti og lekkerheit. "Þetta eru uppáhalds lakkrístopparnir okkar. Ég veit ekki hvað ég hef bakað þá oft, en veit að ég þarf að baka þá aftur fyrir jólin því kökuboxið er enn og aftur tómt! http://ljufmeti.com/.../21/lakkristoppar-med-karamellukurli/." Facebook. Dec. 21, 2015.
Available via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/ljufmeti/posts/1115776871766751/
Available via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/ljufmeti/photos/a.493711307306647/1115776871766751/
Nói Síríus. "Lakkrískurl." Facebook. Nov. 18, 2011.
Available via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/noisirius/posts/10150411325432485
Available via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10150411325432485&id=173312492484&set=a.175428207484
Nói Sírius. "Sagan." (Translation: "Our History").
Available via Nói Sírius @ https://www.noi.is/fyrirtaekid/sagan/
Available in English translation via Nói Sírius @ https://www.noi.is/en/about-noi-sirius/our-history/
Rebecka Helen-Wilson. "I LOVE licorice and in Iceland I found out that they bake a Christmas Meringue Cookie that contains licorice -- Lakkrístoppar. Sounds delicious if you ask me. [Lakkrístoppar - Icelandic Christmas Meringue Cookies - Iceland Food Centre](https://www.icelandfoodcentre.com/lakkristoppar.../)." Facebook. Dec. 22, 2020.
Available via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/groups/3220021954712162/posts/3611776402203380/
SÍM Samband Íslenskra Myndlistarmanna. "Atli Már Árnason." ARKIVA.IS > Listamannatal (Database of Icelandic Artists).
Available in Icelandic via ARKIV.IS @ https://www.arkiv.is/artist/410
Available in English translation via ARKIV.IS @ https://www-arkiv-is.translate.goog/artist/410?_x_tr_sl=is&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc
Svava (Svava Gunnarsdóttir). "Lakkrístoppar með karamellukurli." Ljúfmeti og lekkerheit > Uppskriftir ("Recipes") > Smákökur og sætmeti ("Cookies and sweets"). Dec. 21, 2015.
Available via Ljúfmeti og lekkerheit @ https://ljufmeti.com/2015/12/21/lakkristoppar-med-karamellukurli/
Tómas, Arnar. "Icelandic Candy & Chocolate -- A Short and Sweet Overview." Guide to Iceland.
Available @ https://guidetoiceland.is/best-of-iceland/icelandic-candy-a-short-and-sweet-overview
Your Friend in Reykjavik. "Licorice Tops -- Meringue cookies with Licorice (Lakkrístoppar)." Facebook. Dec. 23, 2021.
Available via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/yourfriendinreykjavik/posts/licorice-tops-meringue-cookies-with-licorice-lakkr%C3%ADstopparhave-you-ever-tried-th/1848567251995226/