Earth and Space News: 2023 Audubon Arctic Calendar

Showing posts with label 2023 Audubon Arctic Calendar. Show all posts

Sunday, October 1, 2023

Red-Necked Phalaropes, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October Birds

Summary: Red-necked phalaropes, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October birds, are among all the North American wildlife that the National Audubon Society aids.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

Red-necked phalaropes, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October birds, are among all North American wildlife that abide in, access from Canada and Mexico, the United States and the National Audubon Society aids.

The Charadriiformes (from Greek χαραδριός, “stone curlew” [Burhinus oedicnemus, scientifically] via Latin charadrius, “plover” and -fōrmis, “-shaped”) shorebird order member annually breeds from May through August. The Scolopacidae (from Greek σκολόπαξ, “woodcock [Scolopax rustica, scientifically]” via Latin scolopax and Greek -ειδής, “-like” via Latin –idæ) sandpiper family member congregates on moist substrates. Phalaropus lobatus (from Greek φαλαρίς, “coot [Fulica atra, scientifically]” and πούς, “foot” via Latin phalaropus; and Latin lobātus, “lobed”) dwell in grassy, insular or marshy wetlands.

Breeding, incubating and parenting seasons entail grassy or marshy expanses near water bodies or with open pools; marsh-edged lakes; low-lying, river-embedded islands; or small offshore islands.

range map of red-necked phalarope; red=breeding grounds, blue=wintering grounds; Saturday, Sep. 10, 2005: Mirko Thiessen (Baldhur), CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Red-necked phalaropes, figured taxonomically by Carl Linnaeus (May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778), fashion their nests, not far from open water, in grass tussocks or wet sedge.

Each nest, always single-brooded, sometimes second-brooded, gets three to four oval to pyriform (from Latin pyrum, “a pear” and -fōrmis, “shaped” via pyriformis), semi-glossy, smooth eggs. The grass-lined, grass-roofed, grass-tussock nest near open water holds black- and black-brown-blotched, specked, spotted and purple-white-marked, green, olive-buff, olive-white, 1.18-inch- (30-millimeter-) long, 0.83-inch- (21-millimeter-) wide eggs. Nest-building involves both fathers- and mothers-to-be even as only the former incubates, for 18 to 20 days, his mate’s eggs, laid at 1- to 2-day intervals.

Male red-necked phalaropes journey as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October birds southward, to join female red-necked phalaropes who journeyed there two to five months earlier.

two red-necked phalarope eggs from the same spawn collected in Iceland June 9, 1925; Collection Jacques Perrin de Brichambaut (Oct. 18, 1920-March 17, 2007), Muséum de Toulouse (Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de la ville de Toulouse, MHNT), Jardin des Plantes de Toulouse, quartier de Busca-Montplaisir, Toulouse center, Haute-Garonne department, Occitania region, southwest France: Roger Culos (Ercé), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

The egg-hatching stage kindles dark-eyed, dark- and fine-billed, dark-crowned precocial (precocious, from Latin praecox, “early-ripened”) nestlings with minimally whitened orbital areas dark-spotted from eye to bill.

Newborn red-necked phalarope nestlings log downy buff bodies with black-gray bills; gray-white legs; gray-white undersides; white-yellow to yellow-buff necks and throats; and yellow-, yellow-white-, triple-streaked backs. Their fathers manage all mealtimes, all nest care, all nestling instruction through direct, fast flight with rapid wingbeats and through self-feeding within 18 to 22 days. Annelid worms, ants, beetles, caddisflies, dipteran flies, seeds, snails and such aquatic insect larvae as mosquitoes nourish all red-necked phalaropes in Arctic, near-Arctic, freshwater, breeding habitats.

Crustaceans, jellyfish, tiny fish and zooplankton such as calanoid copepods and euphausiids offer all red-necked phalaropes as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October birds open-water meals.

Juvenile red-necked phalaropes present dark bills and eyes; dark caps and cheek patches; white throats and underparts; and buff-striped, dull white-lined black backs; and dark upperparts.

Breeding females quarter black, needle-like bills; black eyes below white eye patches; black-gray crowns and faces; white throats; rusty-necked, rust-breasted white underparts; and dusky-streaked white flanks. They reveal dark upperparts with buff- or rust-edged feathers and dark wings whose undersides retain one narrow, white stripe on each side of the lower abdomen. Mature red-necked phalaropes secure 7- to 7.5-inch- (18- to 19-centimeter-) long, 1.06- to 1.56-ounce (30- to 45-gram) bodies with 12.5- to 16-inch (32- to 41-centimeter) wingspans.

Red-necked phalaropes as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October birds transmit hard, squeaky kit and pwit flight calls whose variable vocalizations breeding- and non-breeding territories trigger.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) under synonym of Hyperborean phalarope (Phalaropus hyperboreus); male (left) and female (center) in adult spring plumage and young (right) in autumnal plumage; Drawn from Nature by J.J. Audubon, F.R.S., F.L.S.; Engraved, Printed & Coloured by R. Havell, 1834; John James Audubon, The Birds of America, No. 43, Plate CCXV: No copyright--United States (NoC--US), via ULS (University of Pittsburgh Library System) @ https://digital.library.pitt.edu/islandora/object/pitt%3Aaud0215; Birds of America, vol. V (1842), No. 68, Plate 340, opposite page 295, Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40419966; Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/61021753@N02/8589071203/

red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) on Saint Paul Island (Russian: Остров Святого Павла, Ostrov Svyatogo Pavla), northernmost Pribilof Islands (Aleut: Amiq; Russian: Острова Прибылова, Ostrova Pribylova), insular southwestern Alaska, Bering Sea (Russian: Бе́рингово мо́ре, Béringovo móre); photo credit, Ryan Deregnier/USFWS: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red-necked_phalarope_on_St._Paul_by_Ryan_Deregnier_USFWS.jpg; Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge via Facebook Feb. 12, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/AlaskaMaritimeNationalWildlifeRefuge/posts/2266441663376730/; Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge via Facebook Feb. 12, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/AlaskaMaritimeNationalWildlifeRefuge/photos/a.460515650636016/2266441663376730/

range map of red-necked phalarope; red=breeding grounds, blue=wintering grounds; Saturday, Sep. 10, 2005: Mirko Thiessen (Baldhur), CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phalaropus_lobatus_distribution.png

red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) with yellow band on leg, held by biologist at Utqiagvik (Inupiaq: Utqiaġvik; formerly Barrow), North Slope Borough, northwestern coastal Alaska, Arctic Circle; Thursday, July 8, 2021, 16:17:31, photo by Lisa Hupp/USFWS: Alaska Region U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2021-07-08_A_newly_banded_Red-necked_Phalarope_chick.jpg; Alaska Region U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWSAlaska), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/usfws_alaska/51357515518/

Anderson, Delaney. 2001. "Phalaropus lobatus northern phalarope (Also: red-necked phalarope)." (On-line) Animal Diversity Web. Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.
Availabe @ https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Phalaropus_lobatus/

Baicich, Paul J.; and Colin J. O. Harrison. 2005. "Spectacled Eider." Page 84. Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds. Second edition. Princeton NJ; and Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England: Princeton University Press.

BirdLife International (2019). "Phalaropus lobatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22693490A155525960. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22693490A155525960.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22693490/155525960

Bull, John; and John Farrand, Jr. July 1977. "243, 243 Red-necked Phalarope 'Northern Phalarope' Phalaropus lobatus." Pages 497-498. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds: Eastern Region. Revised by John Farrand, Jr. Second edition, fully revised, fifth printing, July 1977. Chanticleer Press Edition. New York NY: Borzoi Book, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

Howell, Catherine Herbert (Writer); and Mary B. Dickinson (Editor). 1999. "Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus." Pages 184-185. Field Guide to the Birds of North America. Third Edition. Washington DC: National Geographic Society.

Linnaeus, C. 1758. "(Aves grallæ. 78. Tringa.) lobata. 5." Systema Naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii.
Available vio Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727055

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 September 2023. "Brown Bears Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 September Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/brown-bears-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2023. "Polar Bears Act as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 September Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/polar-bears-act-as-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 August 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Augurs King Eiders as August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/savannah-sparrows-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 August 2023. "Savannah Sparrows Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/savannah-sparrows-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 July 2023. "Kenai Peninsula Awes, As Wild July, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/kenai-peninsula-awes-as-wild-july.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 June 2023. "Buff-Breasted Sandpipers, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 June Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/buff-breasted-sandpipers-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 June 2023. "Rock Ptarmigans Act as June Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/rock-ptarmigans-act-as-june-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2023. "Moose Appear as May Animals on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/moose-appear-as-may-animals-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Brooks Range Acts as Wild April on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/brooks-range-acts-as-wild-april-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Arctic Terns Are April Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/arctic-terns-are-april-birds-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Western Sandpipers Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 March Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/western-sandpipers-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Baffin Island Wolves Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 Wild March." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/baffin-island-wolves-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2023. "Musk Ox, Muskox Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar February 2022 Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/musk-ox-muskox-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 February 2023. "Red-Throated Loons Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 February Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/red-throated-loons-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 January 2023. "Mallard Ducks Aced Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 as January Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/mallard-ducks-aced-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2023. "Red Foxes Are January Wildlife on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/red-foxes-are-january-wildlife-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 November 2022. "Eared Grebes Are November Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/eared-grebes-are-november-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2022. "Barred Owls Are October Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/barred-owls-are-october-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 September 2022. "Brown Pelicans Are September Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/brown-pelicans-are-september-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 August 2022. "Allen’s Hummingbirds Are August Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/allens-hummingbirds-are-august-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2022. "Reddish Egrets Are July Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/reddish-egrets-are-july-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2022. "American Oystercatchers Are June Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/american-oystercatchers-are-june-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2022. "Rose-Breasted Grosbeaks Are May Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/rose-breasted-grosbeaks-are-may-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 April 2022. "Crested Caracaras Appear as April Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/crested-caracaras-appear-as-april-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2022. "Cerulean Warblers Are March Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/cerulean-warblers-are-march-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2022. "Northern Bobwhites Are February Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/northern-bobwhites-are-february-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2022. "Florida Scrub-Jays Are January Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/florida-scrub-jays-are-january-birds-on.html

Peterson, Roger Tory. 2010. "Red-Necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus." Pages 144-145. Peterson Field Guide to Birds of Eastern and Central North America. With Contributions from Michael DiGiorgio, Paul Lehman, Michael O'Brien and Jeffrey A. Gordon, Larry Rosche and Bill Thompson III. Sixth Edition. Boston MA; and New York NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.

Reynolds, John D. January 1987. "Mating system and nesting biology of the Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus: what constrains polyandry?" IBIS 129(51):225-242.
Available via Wiley Online Library @ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1987.tb03203.x

Robbins, Chandler S.; Bertel Bruun; and Herbert S. Zim. 2001. "Red-Necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus." Pages 126-127. Birds of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. Revised by Jonathan P. Latimer, Karen Stray Nolting and James Coe. Golden Field Guide. New York NY: St. Martin's Press.

Stokes, Donald and Lillian. 1996. "Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus." Page 186. Stokes Field Guide to Birds: Eastern Region. Boston MA; and New York NY: Little Brown and Company; and Toronto ON Canada: Little, Brown & Company (Canada) Limited.

Udvardy, Miklos D. F. 1985. "Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus." Page 536. In: Bayard H. McConnaughey and Evelyn McConnaughey. Pacific Coast. The Audubon Society Nature Guides. Chanticleer Press Edition. New York NY: Borzoi Book, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

Saturday, September 2, 2023

Polar Bears Act as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 September Animals

Summary: Polar bears act as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 September animals whose Arctic, near-Arctic areas appeal to the National Audubon Society.

Polar bears act as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 September animals whose Arctic, near-Arctic areas in Alaska; Greenland; and Canada, Russia and Svalbard and their archipelagos appeal to the National Audubon Society.

The Carnivora (from Latin carō, “flesh, meat” and -vorus, “-devouring”) cat- and dog-like ancestral order member breeds May through June, for autumn implantations of resulting embryos. The Caniformia (from Latin canis, “dog” and -fōrmis, “having the form of”) dog-like suborder member carries 1 embryo or 2 to 3 embryos, for early-winter gestation. The Arctoidea (from Greek ἄρκτος, “bear” and -ῐκός, “of” via Latin arcticus and -oidea, “resembling”) bear-like infraorder member dwells as mother-and-cub social units for 2.5 years.

The Ursidae (from Latin ursus, “bear” and Greek -ειδής, “resembling” via Latin -idæ) bear family member’s 25- to 30-year life cycles embrace 195- to 265-day-gestated newborns.

Polar bears accustom themselves to the northernmost areas and to the northernmost southern areas of Alaska, Canada and the Canadian archipelago, Greenland, Russia and the Russian archipelago and the Svalbard archipelago that respectively accommodate winter ice and pack-ice drifts; Saturday, Jan. 21, 2006, 14:07, biogeographical map of polar bear range: Fabio b~commonswiki, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Ursus maritimus (from Latin ursus, “bear” and maritimus, “marine, maritime, of or pertaining to the sea”) finishes the dependent, nursing stage as 24- to 36-month-old cubs.

The maritime bear, gauged by Constantine Phipps, 2nd Baron Mulgrave (May 30, 1744-Oct. 10, 1792), guards physical and sexual maturity as 3.5 to 5- or 6-year-olds. Alaska; Canada, Russia, Svalbard and their respective archipelagos; and Greenland house polar bears as the world-largest extant bear species and as the world-largest extant land carnivore. Polar bears, their feet insulated by dense-furred sole borders, inhabit northernmost northern interfaces of winter ice all the way through southernmost northern interfaces of pack-ice drifts.

Polar bears of sea-ice level through 1,800-foot (548.64-meter) altitudes above sea level journey as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 September animals to cub-birthing, cub-raising, snowdrift-joined dens.

Polar bear mothers allow polar bear cubs all their maternal milk in snowdrift-dug dens between birth months of November and emergence months of March even as they ally maternal milk with summer berries, eggs, grasses, lichens, mosses, seaweed and sedges and with winter seals, walruses and whales until their cubs mature physically into 2.5-year-olds; still image of "polar bear with cub in snow" by Scott Schliebe/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS): Public Domain, via USFWS National Digital Library

Bearded, bladdernose, harp, ringed seals; carrion; crab; eggs; fish; grasses; lichens; mosses; mussels; narwhals; seabirds; seaweed; sedges; walruses; and whales kindle polar bears’ predominantly protein-driven diets.

Each newborn in 1- to 4-cub litters of polar bear mothers logs 12- to 14-inch- (30.48- to 35.56-centimeter-) long, 16- to 24-ounce (453.59- to 680.39-gram) bodies. Mature, left-jaw, right-jaw, 32- to 42-tooth, polar-bear dentitions manifest 3 upper/3 lower incisors, 1 upper/1 lower canine, 2-4 upper/2-4 lower pre-molars and 2 upper/3 lower molars. Claws, jaws, muscles and 3.4-mile (5.47-kilometer) walking and 25-mile (40.23-kilometer) running speeds per hour not always net polar-bear victories over predatory people, walruses, whales and wolves.

Polar bears as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 September animals offer gray-washed to near-golden or yellow-white, summer- and fall-season, thin coats over their year-round black skin.

Climate change, global warming, melting ice packs and predatory humans affect polar bears and their berry-, fish-, grass- and meat-based nutritional requirements; Wednesday, July 29, 2015, 17:26, image of starving bear near Svalbard, taken from Hinlopen Strait (Norwegian: Hinlopenstretet), a pack ice-filled strait between Spitsbergen (Dutch: spits, "pointed" + bergen, "mountains") and Nordaustlandet ("North East Land") in the Svalbard (Old Norse: Svalbarði, from svalr, "cold" + barð, "edge; ridge; turf; beard") archipelago in the Arctic Ocean (Norwegian: Polhavet, from pol, "polar" + havet, "ocean"; also Nordishavet, from Old Norse norðr, "north" + íss, "ice" + haf, "sea, ocean"): Andreas Weith (AWeith), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Clear, hollow, solar-collecting, warm air-insulating hairs in thick white coats, even on 3- to 5-inch- (7.62- to 12.7-centimeter-) long tails, protect polar bears during winter months.

Mature females, black- and small-eyed, black-nosed, long-necked, small-eared like mature males, quarter 6- to 7-foot- (1.83- to 2.13-meter-) long, 330- to 660-pound (149.69- to 299.37-kilogram) bodies. Mature males reveal 4-foot (1.22-meter) shoulder and 10-plus-foot (3.05-plus-meter) standing heights and 8- to 9.8-foot- (2.4- to 2.99-meter-) long, 900- to 1,750-pound (408.23- to 793.79-kilogram) bodies. Mature polar bear females and males sound braying, growling, hissing, moaning, roaring, rumbling, smacking, squalling and whimpering vocalizations as they sojourn on their four five-toed paws.

Temporary land treks, like year-round ice trips, trigger polar bears as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 September animals traipsing head down and sides, never tails, swinging.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

The altricial (from Latin alere, "to nourish" via altrix, "nourisher(ess)" cubs, helpless with eyes closed but warm with furry coats, accept all the assistance that accompanies the nursing allotted by their mothers to their first 2.5 years in 25- to 30-year life cycles and life expectancies; 2010-11-10 still image of cubs emerging from den in spring and heading oceanward in search of food: Public Domain, via USFWS National Digital Library @ https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/digital/collection/natdiglib/id/11127/; Alaska Region U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWSAlaska), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/usfws_alaska/5165071314/; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ursus_maritimus_us_fish.jpg

The Chukchi (from Komi-Zyrian чукчи, "western capercaille [Tetrao urogallus]" via Russian чу́кчи) peoples of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug of the Russian Far East in northeastern Asia affirm artistic achievements and environmental acuities in such artistic analyses as those of Arctic food chains between polar bears and seals, walruses and whales; "Ursus Maritimus, Linn. Polar Bear Male," Drawn from Nature by J.W. Audubon (John Woodhouse Audubon, John James Audubon's second son; Nov. 30, 1812-Feb. 21, 1862); Lith'd Print'd & Col'd by J.T. Bowen, Philad'a, 1846; John James Audubon, The viviparous quadrupeds of North America, vol. II (1846), No. 19, Plate XCI: No copyright (Public Domain Mark 1.0), via University of Michigan Library Digital Collections @ https://quod.lib.umich.edu/s/sclaudubon/x-b6719890/29376_0013; Public Domain, via The New York Public Library Digital Collections @ https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47da-784d-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99; J.J. Audubon, The Quadrupeds of North America, vol. II (1851), opposite page 280, Copyright Status: Not provided; contact Holding Institution to verify copyright status, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34896849; Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/61021753@N02/7748336696/; (Nothing about copyright), via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/quadrupedsofnort02audu/page/n368/mode/1up

For further information:

Bowers, Nora; Rick Bowers; and Kenn Kaufman. 2004. "Polar Bear Ursus maritimus." Pages 146-147. Mammals of North America. Kaufman Focus Guides. New York NY: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Forsyth, Adrian. 1999. "Polar Bear Ursus maritimus." Pages 190-193. Mammals of North America: Temperate and Arctic Regions. Buffalo NJ: Firefly Books (U.A.) Inc.

Gunderson, Aren. 2009. "Ursus maritimus polar bear." (On-line) Animal Diversity Web. Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2022. "Dark-Eyed Juncos Are December Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/dark-eyed-juncos-are-december-birds-on.html

Mertz, Leslie Ann. 2003. "Polar bear Ursus maritimus." Pages 304-305. In: Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Second Edition. Volume 14, Mammals III. Edited by Michael Hutchins, Devra G. Kleiman, Valerius Geist and Melissa C. McDade. Farmington Hills MI: Gale Group.

Saturday, August 5, 2023

Savannah Sparrows Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 August Birds

Summary: Savannah sparrows are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 August Birds, by whom the National Audubon Society assists North American vulnerable wildlife.

Savannah sparrows are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 August Birds, by whom the National Audubon Society assists North American vulnerable wildlife who abide in, access from Canada and Mexico, the United States.

The Passeriformes (from Latin passer, “sparrow” and –fōrmis “-shaped”) order’s Emberizidae (from Latin emberiza, “bunting” and Greek -ειδής, “-like”) family member annually breeds May through August. Passerculus sandwichensis (from Latin passer, “sparrow”; -culus, “little”; sandwichensis, “Sandwich Islands’”), classified by Johann Friedrich Gmelin (Aug 8, 1748-Nov. 1, 1804), cluster from Arctic America southward. They dwell in such open breeding and non-breeding habitats as bogs, bushy tundra, cultivated lands, dunes, grass islands, grasslands, meadows, pastures, prairies, salt marshes and sedges.

Female Savannah sparrows establish claw-scratched, cup-like, small, sunken-soil nests camouflaged under overhanging vegetation tufts and lined with coarse grasses, finer grasses, glassworts, hairs, rootlets and sedges.

map of geographical distribution of Savannah sparrow; orange=breeding, yellow=migration, purple=year-round, blue=non-breeding; adapted from N. T. Wheelwright and James D. Rising, "Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis," version 2.0, The Cornell Lab of Ornithology Birds of the World: Simon Pierre Barrette (Cephas), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Savannah sparrow mothers-to-be furnish for their nests, finished within three days, 3- to 6- or 4- to 5-egg first broods and smaller second and third clutches.

Savannah sparrow females gestate blue to dull white or green-white, marked, semi-glossy, smooth, sometimes brown- or red-washed, sub-elliptical 0.75-inch- (19-millimeter-) long, 0.59- inch- (15-millimeter-) wide eggs. They have such markings, sometimes heaviest at the larger end, as blotched, speckled, spotted patterns in brown to brown-purple to chestnut-red or in gray or lilac-white. They alone incubate their eggs for eight to 12 days, after which they implement, with their mates, ingestion and instruction schedules for their hatched, helpless newborns.

Savannah sparrows journey through Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 as August birds and, by central and Mississippi flyways, to winter grounds southward through northern South America.

The altricial (from Latin alere, “to feed” via altor, “nourisher” and feminine-agent suffix -trīx, “-ess”) hatchling phase kindles dull, gray-brown down, pink mouths and yellow gapes.

Savannah sparrow nestlings learn, perhaps as 8- to 14-year-olds, the adult flight pattern that looks like undulating links before and after a square-tailed or stair-stepped series. They may manage on their own as 15-, 15-plus-day-olds, whose ground-level, year-round forages muster crustaceans, insects and small snails; summertime seeds; and wintertime berries and fruits. Their physical and sexual maturity nets them yellow eye patches; pink-white bills, feet and legs; black-brown-streaked upper-sides and black-brown-streaked, white undersides; and brown, 6.75-inch (17-centimeter) wingspans.

One subspecies of Savannah sparrows occurs as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 August birds even as 17 recognized subspecies occupy northernmost North to northernmost South America.

Passerculus sandwichensis alaudinus, Passerculus sandwichensis anthinus, Passerculus sandwichensis brooksi, Passerculus sandwichensis brunnescens, Passerculus sandwichensis labradorius, Passerculus sandwichensis nevadescens and Passerculus sandwichensis oblitus subspecies present overwintering overlaps.

Overlapping overwintering ranges quarter Passerculus sandwichensis sandwichensis with the above-mentioned subspecies and with Passerculus sandwichensis savanna and the latter subspecies with Ipswich sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis princeps). Passerculus sandwichensis atratus and Passerculus sandwichensis rostratus large-billed subspecies respectively remain in central Sinaloa and central Sonora, Mexico; and in coastal Baja California and Sonora, Mexico. Passerculus sandwichensis annulus, Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi, Passerculus sandwichensis guttatus and Passerculus sandwichensis magdalenae Belding and Passerculus sandwichensis sanctorum San Benito large-billed subspecies stay in California year-round.

Savannah sparrows, as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 August Birds, tweet buzzy, treble-trilled sit-sit-sit-sit-suh-EEEEE-say songs; down-slurred, metallic, weak tseeur flight calls; and full, sharp stip calls.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

Savannah Finch (Fringilla savanna); female (upper) and male (lower) with red-tubed flowers of Indian, or woodland, pink-root (Spigelia marilandica) and five-petaled pink flowers of Phlox aristata; Drawn from Nature by J.J. Audubon, F.R.S., F.L.S.; Engraved, Printed & Coloured by R. Havell, 1831; John James Audubon, The Birds of America, No. 22, Plate CIX: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:109_Savannah_Finch.jpg; No copyright--United States (NoC--US), via ULS (University of Pittsburgh Library System) @ https://digital.library.pitt.edu/islandora/object/pitt%3Aaud0109; Birds of America, vol. III (1841), No. 32, Plate 160, opposite page 68, Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40383849; Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/61021753@N02/8572299842/

map of geographical distribution of Savannah sparrow; orange=breeding, yellow=migration, purple=year-round, blue=non-breeding; adapted from N. T. Wheelwright and James D. Rising, "Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis," version 2.0, The Cornell Lab of Ornithology Birds of the World @ https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/historic/bna/savspa/2.0/introduction: Simon Pierre Barrette (Cephas), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Passerculus_sandwichensis_map.svg

recently hatched savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) nestlings next to two unhatched eggs; Hussar, Wheatland County, southern Alberta, Western Canada; Sunday, July 14, 2013, 10:31, image of Alberta oil field nest monitoring project: Kati Fleming, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Savannah_Sparrow,_Passerculus_sandwichensis,_hatch_day_nestlings,_baby_birds,_with_2_eggs_in_nest_in_grass_AB_Canada.jpg

savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) nestlings with visible pin feathers; Hussar, Wheatland County, southern Alberta, Western Canada; Monday, June 24, 2013, 09:58, image of Alberta oil field nest monitoring project: Kati Fleming, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Savannah_Sparrow,_Passerculus_sandwichensis,_baby_birds_begging_in_nest,_nestlings,_AB_Canada.jpg

savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) in Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (Alaska Maritime; AMNWR); Chowiet Island, Semidji Islands, Kodiak Island Borough, southwestern Alaska; Sunday, July 23, 2006, 10:43: Steve Hillebrand, USFWS, Public Domain, via USFWS National Digital Library @ https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/digital/collection/natdiglib/id/4902/; Steve Hillebrand, USFWS, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Savannah_Sparrow.jpg

For further information:

"AnAge entry for Passerculus sandwichensis." Human Ageing Genomic Resources > Animal Longevity > AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database.
Available @ https://genomics.senescence.info/species/entry.php?species=Passerculus_sandwichensis

BirdLife International. 2016. "Passerculus sandwichensis." IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T103780243A94699265. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103780243A94699265.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/103780243/94699265

Bull, John; and John Farrand, Jr. July 1977. "411, 412 Savannah Sparrow including 'Ipswich Sparrow' Passerculus sandwichensis." Page 711. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds: Eastern Region. Revised by John Farrand, Jr. Second edition, fully revised, fifth printing, July 1977. Chanticleer Press Edition. New York NY: Borzoi Book, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

Cleary, Margot Keam. 1991. "Savannah Sparrow." Page 20. In: John James Audubon. New York NY: Crescent Books.

Dwight, Jonathan, Jr. 1895. "The Ipswich Sparrow (Ammodramus princeps Maynard) and Its Summer Home." Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, No. II. Cambridge MA: Nuttall Ornithological Club.
Available via Fadedpage @ https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20200409

Gmelin, J.F. 1789. "[Vi. Passeres. 110. Emberiza.] Sandwichenſis. 48." Page 875. In: Caroli a Linné systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I, Pars II. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Lipsiae. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.545 BHL Reference page. p. 875 BHL.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2656370

Howell, Catherine Herbert (Writer); and Mary B. Dickinson (Editor). 1999. "Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis." Pages 412-413. Field Guide to the Birds of North America. Third Edition. Washington DC: National Geographic Society.

Jennings, Hugh. 4 July 2018. "Bird of the Month: Savannah Sparrow." Eastside Audubon Society > Birding > Bird of the Month Archive. Kirkland WA: Eastside Audubon.
Available @ https://www.eastsideaudubon.org/corvid-crier/2019/8/28/savannah-sparrow

Kaufman, Kenn. "Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis." Text adapted from Lives of North American Birds. Audubon > EN > Birds & Guides > Bird Guide Search.
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Kiser, Joy M. 2012. "Plate LXVIII. Fig. 7. Passerculus Sandwichensis Savanna - Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis - Savannah Sparrow. Illustrated by Howard Jones." Page 166. In: America's Other Audubon. New York NY: Princeton Architectural Press.

Kiser, Joy M. 2012. "Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis savanna (Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis)." Page 182. In: America's Other Audubon. New York NY: Princeton Architectural Press.

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Robbins, Chandler S.; Bertel Bruun; and Herbert S. Zim. 2001. "Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis." Page 328. Birds of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. Revised by Jonathan P. Latimer, Karen Stray Nolting and James Coe. Golden Field Guide. New York NY: St. Martin's Press.

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Available via Wayback Machine @ https://web.archive.org/web/20200425162520/http://wildlife.ohiodnr.gov/species-and-habitats/species-guide-index/birds/savannah-sparrow

"Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis." Cornell University > Cornell Lab of Ornithology > All About Birds > Explore More > Bird Guide > Search. Copyright 2023 Cornell University.
Available @ https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Savannah_Sparrow/overview

"Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis." Cornell University > Cornell Lab of Ornithology > eBird > Explore > Explore Species > Charadriiformes > Laridae. Copyright 2023 Cornell University.
Available @ https://ebird.org/species/savspa

Stokes, Donald and Lillian. 1996. "Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis." Page 417. Stokes Field Guide to Birds: Eastern Region. Boston MA; and New York NY: Little Brown and Company; and Toronto ON Canada: Little, Brown & Company (Canada) Limited.

Udvardy, Miklos D. F. 1977. 30 August 1977. "Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis)." Pages 555-556. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds: Western Region. Reprinted eleven times. Thirteenth Printing, May, 1987. New York NY: Borzoi Book, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.; and Toronto, Canada: Random House of Canada Limited.

Wheelwright, N. T.; and James D. Rising. 4 March 2020. "Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis." Version 1.0. In: S. M. Billerman (Editor). Birds of the World. Ithaca NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Cornell University > Cornell Lab of Ornithology > Birds of the World > Explore Taxonomy > Species. Copyright 2023 Cornell University.
Available @ https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/savspa/cur/introduction