Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar Augurs Abundant Mallards April 2026

Summary: Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar in National Audubon Society's Audubon Protecting Birds and Nature calendar series augurs abundant mallards April 2026.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

"The flight of the Mallard is swift, strong, and well sustained. It rises either from the ground or from the water at a single spring, and flies almost perpendicularly for ten or fifteen yards, or, if in a thick wood, until quite above the tops of the tallest trees, after which it moves horizontally. If alarmed, it never risses without uttering several quacks; but on other occasions it usually leaves its place in silence. While travelling to any distance, the whistling sound of their wings may be heard a great way off, more especially in the quiet of night. Their progress through the air I have thought might be estimated at a mile and a half in the minute; and I feel very confident that when at full speed and on a long journey, they can fly at the rate of a hundred and twenty miles in the hour," as described by French-American artist, explorer, naturalist and ornithologist John James Audubon (born Jean-Jacques Rabin; April 26, 1785-Jan. 27, 1851) in The Birds of America: From Drawings Made in the United States and Their Territories, vol. VI, pages 241-242 (1843).
"Mallard. 1,2, Males. 3,4, Females.," two female (front, left; center) and two male (back, left; front, right); "Drawn from Nature by J.J. Audubon, F. R. S. F. L. S."; "Lith'd., Printed & Col'd. by J.T. Bowen, Philad'a."; The Birds of America, vol. VI, No. 77 Plate 385, opposite page 236 (1843).:
Smithsonian Libraries and Archives, Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library

Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar in National Audubon Society's Audubon Protecting Birds and Nature calendar series augurs, as accommodated by city-park, city-reservoir, natural-wetlands ditch, marsh, pond, prairie-pothole habitats, abundant mallards April 2026.

Mallards, as Anseriformes ("goose-shaped," Latin ānser -fōrmēs), Anatidae ("duck-appearing," Latin anas -idæ), Anatinae ("duck-ine," Latin anas -īnæ) members, breed, February through September, one to two broods. The afore-considered respective order, family, subfamily member, genus-specied Anas platyrhynchos ("duck flat-/wide-beak," Latin anas Greek πλατύς ῥύγχος), chooses covered ground amid tall bushes, grasses, vegetation freshwater-accessible. They sometimes do their nests in large bird-abandoned, old nests or in such raised sites as tree crotches or holes, on buildings, ruins or small islands.

The mallard nest entails pale-centered, pale-tipped brown-tufted down and mother-to-be feathers enmeshed in the grass-, leaf-, plant debris-lined hollow and extendable over all the incubating eggs.

"Distribution map of Mallard Anas platyrhynchos according to IUCN version 2019-2." Legend: bright green--Extant, breeding; forest green -- Extant, resident; light blue -- Extant, passage; dark blue -- Extant, non-breeding; dark fuchsia -- Extant & Vagrant (seasonality uncertain); light fuchsia -- Probably extinct & Introduced; bronze-brown -- Extant & Introduced (seasonality uncertain); yellow-brown -- Possibly Extant & Introduced (seasonality uncertain).
"Range map from BirdLife International 2017. Anas platyrhynchos (amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22680186A119275821" (https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680186/119275821).
Graphic uploaded Thursday, Aug. 15, 2019, by Alexander Kürthy (User:SanoAK) to Wikimedia Commons via Upload Wizard.:
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, species assessors and the authors of the spatial data, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

The afore-featured nest favors an 11- to 12-inch (27.94- to 30.48-centimeter) outside diameter, a 6- to 7-inch (15.24- to 17.78-centimeter) inside diameter, a 4-inch (10.16-centimeter) depth.

Nests guard 7 or 10 to 12 or 16 blue-green, buff-green, green-tinged cream, green-white, near-blue, elliptical to subelliptical, smooth, waxy, 58- (147.32-) by 41-inch (104.14-centimeter) eggs. The mallard mother-to-be honors an incubation period of 26 to 29 days even as her nest holds only her, with clutch completion, and all her eggs. Precocial ("before-ripen," Latin præ coquǭ) nestlings iterate bill- to nape-darkening eye-streaks, ear-coverts with dark-marked rears; yellow-sided heads; yellow-fronted, yellow-sided necks, yellow-barred wings; yellow-patched back, rump, sides.

Audubon Bird and Nature Calendar in National Audubon Society's Protecting Birds and Nature calendar series jubilates as April 2026 mallards, freshwater-journeying black-brown-olive-billed, brown-gray-footed, brown-gray-legged hatched nestlings.

"Eggs of mallard Two specimens of the same spawn," discovered Monday, May 14, 1979, by French ornithologist Jacques Perrin de Brichambaut (Oct. 18, 1920-March 17, 2007) on Île de Noirmoutier (Breton: Nervouster, Nermouster; Poitevin: Nérmoutàe, Nermoster [13th-century texts]), golfe du Gascogne (English: Bay of Biscay or Bay of Gascony; Breton: Pleg-mor Gwaskogn), Vendée department, Pays de la Loire ("Lands of the Loire"; Breton: Broioù al Liger), western France; collection of Jacques Perrin de Brichambaut, accession number MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.18.6., Muséum de Toulouse (Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de la ville de Toulouse, MHNT), Haute-Garonne department, Occitania region, southwestern France.: Roger Culos (User:Ercé), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Mallard nestlings kineticize quickly even as they know maternal tending all the way to fledging as 7- to 8-week-olds Alaska through Quebec and North America southwards.

A 29-year life-expectancy maximum logs physical and sexual maturity with 18- to 27-inch (45.72- to 68.58-centimeter) body and 32- to 37-inch (81.28- to 93.98-centimeter) wingspan lengths. It musters 1-7/8- to 3-pound (0.0566990463- to 1.36077711-kilogram) body weights even as it masters a fast, regular, shallow flight pattern that manifests as group-merged small flocks. Mallard ducks number among dabbler-, teal-, wigeon-puddle ducks whose feeding necessitates shallow-surface water-upending even as eider-, merganser-, scoup-, scoter-diving species need to dive for deep-underwater food.

Breeding versus non-breeding mallards, as Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar April 2026, obtain crustacean ("shell-belonging," crusta -acea), earthworm-, insect-, snail-prey versus acorns, agricultural crops, aquatic vegetation.

Two mallards (Anas platyrhynchos" (upper left) fly above the landscape of the Manzanares River (Río Manzanares) in the central Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Pleistocene Age (officially: Chibanian; currently estimated between 0.7741 Ma [774,100 years ago] and 0.129 Ma [129,000 years ago]).
"Reconstruction of Dama celiae in the Manzanares valley. Other species present are Anas platyrhynchos, Equus ferus, Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus, Mauremys leprosa, Bison sp., Bos primigenius, and Stephanorhinus hemitoechus," illustration by Sabadell, Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya; Occitan: Catalonha; Spanish: Cataluña), northeastern Spain-based Spanish paleontologist and scientific illustrator Jesús Gamarra, in Jan van der Made and six co-authors, "The fallow deer Dama celiae sp. nov. with two‑pointed antlers from the Middle Pleistocene of Madrid, a contemporary of humans with Acheulean technology," Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, Volume 15, article number 41 (published March 14, 2023), Figure 15, page 28.:
Jesús Gamarra, CC BY 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Adult females possess black-patched orange bills, dark eye-lines and head caps; brown-yellow backs, mottled-brown bellies; brown underparts; and blue-purple speculumed ("mirror," Latin speculum) white outer-tail feathers.

Adult males quarter broad-based wings year-round even as physical and sexual maturity queues as summer colors blue-yellow bills; gray heads; rusty underparts; pale, round, short tails. Their winter colors realize metallic-green heads; bright-yellow bills; narrow-, white-collared necks; chestnut-brown breasts; warm-gray bodies; metallic-blue wing-patch speculums; black-, short-curled upperparts to round, short, white tails. Wintering-mallard females and males seek open habitats from the Unitedstatesian South, through Central America, into the West Indies even as Eurasian countries sometimes shelter winter-only mallards.

Female versus male mallards, as April 2026 on Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar, transmit "Quack!" calls versus high-pitched courtship whistles and quiet, raspy, reedy "Raab!" calls.

Swedish physician, biologist and formalizer of binomial nomenclature Carl von Linné (born Carl Linnaeus; May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778) assigned the scientific name of Anas platyrhynchos in his description of mallards in Systema Naturae, Tomus I, Editio decima (1758), page 125.
"Portrait of Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) (1707-1778)," pastel on paper drawn 1753 by Swedish roco pastelist and portrait painter Gustaf Lundberg (Aug. 17, 1695-March 18, 1786), in collection of Linnaeus Museum (Linnémuseet), Svartbäcksgatan, central Uppsala, Uppsala County, coastal east central Sweden; image uploaded Thursday, March 24, 2016, by Bff (talk/contribs) to Wikimedia Commons.: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

"The flight of the Mallard is swift, strong, and well sustained. It rises either from the ground or from the water at a single spring, and flies almost perpendicularly for ten or fifteen yards, or, if in a thick wood, until quite above the tops of the tallest trees, after which it moves horizontally. If alarmed, it never risses without uttering several quacks; but on other occasions it usually leaves its place in silence. While travelling to any distance, the whistling sound of their wings may be heard a great way off, more especially in the quiet of night. Their progress through the air I have thought might be estimated at a mile and a half in the minute; and I feel very confident that when at full speed and on a long journey, they can fly at the rate of a hundred and twenty miles in the hour," as described by French-American artist, explorer, naturalist and ornithologist John James Audubon (born Jean-Jacques Rabin; April 26, 1785-Jan. 27, 1851) in The Birds of America: From Drawings Made in the United States and Their Territories, vol. VI, pages 241-242 (1843).
"Mallard. 1,2, Males. 3,4, Females.," two female (front, left; center) and two male (back, left; front, right); "Drawn from Nature by J.J. Audubon, F. R. S. F. L. S."; "Lith'd., Printed & Col'd. by J.T. Bowen, Philad'a."; The Birds of America, vol. VI, No. 77 Plate 385, opposite page 236 (1843).:
Smithsonian Libraries and Archives, Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124857#page/313/mode/1up;
Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/61021753@N02/8592737760/;
The Birds of America, No. 45 Plate CCXXI (Engraved, Printed, & Coloured, by R. Havell, 1834), "No copyright -- United States," via University of Pittsburgh Library System (ULS) Digital Collections @ https://digital.library.pitt.edu/islandora/object/pitt:aud0221;
Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:221_Mallard_Duck.jpg

"Distribution map of Mallard Anas platyrhynchos according to IUCN version 2019-2." Legend: bright green--Extant, breeding; forest green -- Extant, resident; light blue -- Extant, passage; dark blue -- Extant, non-breeding; dark fuchsia -- Extant & Vagrant (seasonality uncertain); light fuchsia -- Probably extinct & Introduced; bronze-brown -- Extant & Introduced (seasonality uncertain); yellow-brown -- Possibly Extant & Introduced (seasonality uncertain).
"Range map from BirdLife International 2017. Anas platyrhynchos (amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22680186A119275821" (https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680186/119275821).
Graphic uploaded Thursday, Aug. 15, 2019, by Alexander Kürthy (User:SanoAK) to Wikimedia Commons via Upload Wizard.:
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, species assessors and the authors of the spatial data, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AnasPlatyrhynchosIUCN2019_2.png;
"Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, via IUCN Red List @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680186/119275821

"Eggs of mallard Two specimens of the same spawn," discovered Monday, May 14, 1979, by French ornithologist Jacques Perrin de Brichambaut (Oct. 18, 1920-March 17, 2007) on Île de Noirmoutier (Breton: Nervouster, Nermouster; Poitevin: Nérmoutàe, Nermoster [13th-century texts]), golfe du Gascogne (English: Bay of Biscay or Bay of Gascony; Breton: Pleg-mor Gwaskogn), Vendée department, Pays de la Loire ("Lands of the Loire"; Breton: Broioù al Liger), western France; collection of Jacques Perrin de Brichambaut, accession number MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.18.6., Muséum de Toulouse (Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de la ville de Toulouse, MHNT), Haute-Garonne department, Occitania region, southwestern France.: Roger Culos (User:Ercé), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anas_platyrhynchos_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.18.6.jpg

Two mallards (Anas platyrhynchos" (upper left) fly above the landscape of the Manzanares River (Río Manzanares) in the central Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Pleistocene Age (officially: Chibanian; currently estimated between 0.7741 Ma [774,100 years ago] and 0.129 Ma [129,000 years ago]).
"Reconstruction of Dama celiae in the Manzanares valley. Other species present are Anas platyrhynchos, Equus ferus, Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus, Mauremys leprosa, Bison sp., Bos primigenius, and Stephanorhinus hemitoechus," illustration by Sabadell, Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya; Occitan: Catalonha; Spanish: Cataluña), northeastern Spain-based Spanish paleontologist and scientific illustrator Jesús Gamarra, in Jan van der Made and six co-authors, "The fallow deer Dama celiae sp. nov. with two‑pointed antlers from the Middle Pleistocene of Madrid, a contemporary of humans with Acheulean technology," Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, Volume 15, article number 41 (published March 14, 2023), Figure 15, page 28.:
Jesús Gamarra, CC BY 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Middle_Pleistocene_landscape_in_Manzanares_valley.png;
Jan van der Made, Juan José Rodríguez‑Alba, Juan Antonio Martos, Jesús Gamarra, Susana Rubio‑Jara, Joaquín Panera and José Yravedra, "The fallow deer Dama celiae sp. nov. with two‑pointed antlers from the Middle Pleistocene of Madrid, a contemporary of humans with Acheulean technology," Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, Volume 15, article number 41 (published March 14, 2023), 35 pages, via Springer Nature Link @ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12520-023-01734-3;
Jesús Gamarra González, via Facebook Aug. 24, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/jesus.gamarragonzalez/posts/pfbid0GdHXativjiUiXn9pZqAazUV6Pk3UBtKxQf9QFmRns4QHbVzhJ4ZCJB5EChZcmFekl;
Jesús Gamarra González, via Facebook Aug. 24, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=27176831268658953&set=a.108091345959645;
Jesús Gamarra González, gamarraptor, via Instagram Aug. 24, 2026, @ https://www.instagram.com/gamarraptor/p/DcakdENtkzn/

Swedish physician, biologist and formalizer of binomial nomenclature Carl von Linné (born Carl Linnaeus; May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778) assigned the scientific name of Anas platyrhynchos in his description of mallards in Systema Naturae, Tomus I, Editio decima (1758), page 125.
"Portrait of Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) (1707-1778)," pastel on paper drawn 1753 by Swedish roco pastelist and portrait painter Gustaf Lundberg (Aug. 17, 1695-March 18, 1786), in collection of Linnaeus Museum (Linnémuseet), Svartbäcksgatan, central Uppsala, Uppsala County, coastal east central Sweden; image uploaded Thursday, March 24, 2016, by Bff (talk/contribs) to Wikimedia Commons.: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Linnaeus_av_Gustaf_Lundberg_1753.jpg;
"Self-presentation through art," Uppsala Universitet > The Linnaeus Garden > Our plants and attractions > The Linnaeus Museum "The Linnaeus Museum -- Linnaeus' home in the Linnaeus Garden," via Uppsala University @ https://www.uu.se/en/linnaeus-garden/our-plants-and-attractions/the-linnaeus-museum;
"Konsten visar Linnés status," Uppsala universitet > Linnéträdgården > Våra växter och sevärdheter > Linnémuseet "Linnémuseet -- Linnés hem i Linnéträdgården," via Uppsala Universitet @ https://www.uu.se/linnetradgarden/vara-vaxter-och-sevardheter/linnemuseet;
Caroli Linnaei, "Anas platyrhynchos," Systema Naturae, Tomus I, Editio Decima, Reformata (1758), page 125 [61.17], Public Domain, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727030#page/143/mode/1up

For further information:

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 April 2026. "Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar Augurs Abundant Mallards April 2026." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/audubon-birds-and-nature-calendar.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 March 2026. "Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar Avails Us Blue Jays as March 2026." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/no-total-lunar-eclipse-affects-bishop.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 February 2026. "Snow Geese as February 2026 Awe Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/02/snow-geese-as-february-2026-awe-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 January 2026. "Pyrrhuloxia as January 2026 Awe Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/01/pyrrhuloxia-as-january-2026-awe-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 December 2024. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024 Aces Wild December as Awesome Denali, Area of Drunken Forest White Spruce." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2024-aces.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 November 2024. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024 Allies With November Polar Bears, Ringed Seal Predators." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2024.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 October 2024. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024 Airs Willow Ptarmigans for October." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2024-airs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 September 2024. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024: Dall Sheep at September Snow Willow." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2024-dall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 August 2024. "Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024 Arctic Terns Above August Nagoon?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/08/are-audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2024.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 July 2024. "Ivishak River Acts as Wild July on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/ivishak-river-acts-as-wild-july-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 May 2024. "Beluga Whales Awe Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024 as Wild May." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/05/beluga-whales-awe-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 March 2024. "Baffin Bay Agrees as Wild March With Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/03/baffin-bay-agrees-as-wild-march-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2024. "Tufted Puffins Add Wild February to Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/02/tufted-puffins-add-wild-february-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 December 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Assigns Snowy Owls to December Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/12/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2023. "Spectacled Eiders Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 December Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/12/spectacled-eiders-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Adds Mount Katmai to Wild November." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/11/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022-adds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 October 2023. "Caribou Abound as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 October Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/caribou-abound-as-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2023. "Red-Necked Phalaropes, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/red-necked-phalaropes-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 September 2023. "Brown Bears Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 September Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/brown-bears-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2023. "Polar Bears Act as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 September Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/polar-bears-act-as-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 August 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Augurs King Eiders as August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022.html#google_vignette

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 August 2023. "Savannah Sparrows Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/savannah-sparrows-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 July 2023. "Kenai Peninsula Awes, As Wild July, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/kenai-peninsula-awes-as-wild-july.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 June 2023. "Buff-Breasted Sandpipers, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 June Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/buff-breasted-sandpipers-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 June 2023. "Rock Ptarmigans Act as June Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/rock-ptarmigans-act-as-june-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2023. "Moose Appear as May Animals on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/moose-appear-as-may-animals-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Brooks Range Acts as Wild April on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/brooks-range-acts-as-wild-april-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Arctic Terns Are April Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/arctic-terns-are-april-birds-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Western Sandpipers Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 March Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/western-sandpipers-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Baffin Island Wolves Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 Wild March." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/baffin-island-wolves-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2023. "Musk Ox, Muskox Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar February 2022 Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/musk-ox-muskox-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 February 2023. "Red-Throated Loons Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 February Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/red-throated-loons-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 January 2023. "Mallard Ducks Aced Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 as January Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/mallard-ducks-aced-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2023. "Red Foxes Are January Wildlife on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/red-foxes-are-january-wildlife-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2022. "Dark-Eyed Juncos Are December Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/dark-eyed-juncos-are-december-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 November 2022. "Eared Grebes Are November Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/eared-grebes-are-november-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2022. "Barred Owls Are October Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/barred-owls-are-october-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 September 2022. "Brown Pelicans Are September Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/brown-pelicans-are-september-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 August 2022. "Allen’s Hummingbirds Are August Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/allens-hummingbirds-are-august-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2022. "Reddish Egrets Are July Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/reddish-egrets-are-july-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2022. "American Oystercatchers Are June Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/american-oystercatchers-are-june-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 May 2022. "Rose-Breasted Grosbeaks Are May Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/rose-breasted-grosbeaks-are-may-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 April 2022. "Crested Caracaras Appear as April Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/crested-caracaras-appear-as-april-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2022. "Cerulean Warblers Are March Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/cerulean-warblers-are-march-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2022. "Northern Bobwhites Are February Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/northern-bobwhites-are-february-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2022. "Florida Scrub-Jays Are January Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/florida-scrub-jays-are-january-birds-on.html

Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Assigns Snowy Owls to December Birds

Summary: Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 assigns snowy owls to December birds who anguish the National Audubon Society as vulnerable Arctic, near-Arctic wildlife.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

John James Audubon (April 26, 1785-Jan. 27, 1851) accentuates, in his plate 121 to Birds of America, the abundant white feathering all the way down snowy owl legs and feet to their black claws and around their black beaks and black-pupiled yellow eyes; Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus) male (upper) and female (lower) under synonym of Strix nyctea; Drawn from Nature by J.J. Audubon, F.R.S., F.L.S.; Engraved, Printed & Coloured by R. Havell, London [1831-1834]; John James Audubon, The Birds of America, No. 25, Plate CXXI: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 assigns snowy owls to December birds whose Arctic, near-Arctic vulnerability as wildlife abiding from Unitedstatesian Alaska eastward, through northwestern Canada, into Nunavut anguishes the National Audubon Society.

The Strigiformes (from Greek στρίξ, “screecher” and Latin -fōrmis, “-shaped”) order member breeds May through September in tundra (from Lappish тӯннтрэ via Russian ту́ндра, “treeless flatlands”). The Strigidae (from Greek στρίξ, “screecher” and -ειδής, “-like” via Latin -idæ) family member chooses level, open country and islands with huntable, nestable headlands and hummocks. Bubo scandiacus (from Latin būbō, “[Eurasian eagle] owl [Bubo bubo] and scandiacus, “Scandinavia’s”), described by Carl Linnaeus (May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778), dwells solitarily apart parenting.

Maximum 9-year life expectancies entail experiencing the Canadian Arctic Archipelago May through September; coastal northern Alaska, Yukon Territory, Northwest Terriroties, Nunavut and southeastern Baffin Island year-round.

Arctic, near-Arctic northernmost coastlines along Alaskan United States, Canada, Finland, Greenland, Norway and Russia accommodate breeding areas of snowy owls from May through September even as Alaskan southern coastlines, Canadian, Candian and Unitedstatesian border-state, Finnish, Greenlandic Norwegian, Russian and Swedish nothern interiors account for non-breeding areas between October and April; May 26, 2012, Cypron Map Series range map of Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus); adapted from BirdLife International and Handbook of the Birds of the World 2021 Bubo scandiacus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2: The Emirr/MapLab, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Sometimes snowy owls fly southward for overwintering October through April in the other Canadian provinces and territories, the southern Alaskan coastline and the Unitedstatesian border states.

Female snowy owls gestate single-brooded, 2.24-inch- (57-millimeter-) long, 1.77-inch- (45-millimeter-) wide, white eggs on such semi-raised sites with panoramic views as boulders, crag ledges and hummocks. They house 3 to 10 or maximally 15 eggs in nest-honed scrapes hollowed in ground dirt or vegetation and having no lining apart feathery, mossy fragments. Their first egg-laying initiates mothers-to-be incubating for 32 to 37 days in 15- to 20-inch (38.1- to 50.8-centimeter) diameter scrapes short-elliptical to sub-elliptical, semi-glossy, smooth eggs.

Snowy owls as December birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 perhaps jubilate their juveniles journeying through maximum 37-day incubations, 30-day hatchings, 4-week leave-taking, 9-week fledging.

No marks such as blotching, mottling, speckling or spotting add any color to each snowy owl mothers-to-be's 3 to 10, or maximmally 11 through 15, annual, short-elliptical to sub-elliptical, semi-glossy, smooth, 2.24-inch- (57-millimeter-) long, 1.77-inch- (45-millimeter-) wide, white eggs; Friday, Oct. 8, 2021, image of snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus) eggs, collected June 15, 1920, at Karesuando, Kiruna Municipality, Norrbotten County, northernmost Sweden; Collection Jacques Perrin de Brichambaut (Oct. 18, 1920-March 17, 2007), Muséum de Toulouse (Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de la ville de Toulouse, MHNT), Jardin des Plantes de Toulouse, quartier de Busca-Montplaisir, Toulouse center, Haute-Garonne department, Occitania region, southwest France: Roger Culos (Ercé), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Egg incubations, egg hatchings and nestling broodings before leave-taking and fledging kindle snow owl fathers-to-be and fathers keeping their breeding-season mates and their parenting-season chicks fed.

Snowy owl fathers and mothers look for fish, small birds and such small mammals as lemmings for themselves and their chicks even after leave-taking and fledging. Altricial (from Latin alere, “to nourish” via Latin altor, “nourisher”) newborns manifest short, soft, thick, white down to their claws and bare-patched backs to leg joints. Six- to 10-day-old snowy owl nestlings net as their first plumage blackening brown-gray, down-like, loose feathering and preying-friendly black-gray bills and perching- and preying-friendly black-gray claws.

June- through October-born snowy owls obtain occupancies outside birth nests July through November and August through December flights like Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 December birds.

Snowy owl fathers-to-be and fathers aid their mates with egg incubations and hatchings and with nestling broodings until just before the couple's chicks, as 3- to 4-week-olds, alternate between birth nests and adjacent pre-fledging and fledging nests. Snowy owl mothers-to-be and mothers allocate their time, from gestating, incubating and nourishing through preparing for flight, fledging and independece, to their chicks; Thursday, July 27, 2006, 15:29, image of mother with check at Calgary Zoo, St. George's Island, Bridgeland-Riverside neighborhood, northeast of Calgary's Downtown/East Village neighborhood, southwestern Calgary; western Canada: Tony Hisgett, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons

Juvenile and physically and sexually mature snowy owls pursue hunting- and migrating-friendly slow, steady flight patterns with deep, strong wingbeats and their glides positioned around flaps.

Juvenile snowy owls quarter black beaks and claws; black-pupiled yellow eyes; white faces; dusky-barred breasts and bellies; white-feathered legs, brown- and gray-flecked upperparts, napes and crowns. Mature snowy owls reveal dark beaks and claws; dark-pupiled yellow eyes; white-faced, large, round heads; near-all-white breasts, feet, legs; and variable-barred backs, tails, underparts and wings. Twenty- to 27-inch (51- to 68-centimeter-) long, 3.5- to 6.5-pound (1.6- to 2.9-kilogram) bodies with 4.25- to 5.25-foot (1.3- to 1.6-meter) wingspans suggest mature snowy owls.

Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 treasures as December birds snowy owls, as barred or all-white males, tendering deep, doubled or serialized hoots; hisses; rattles; and whistles.

Floyd Davidson approaches juvenile and mature appearances in his image of "Young Snowy Owl on the tundra at Utqiagvik, Alaska," whereby "Snowy owls lose their black feathers with age, although individual females may retain some"; Sunday, Sep. 24, 2006, 17:41, image of young snowy owl on tundra at Utqiagvik (Inupiaq: Utqiaġvik, as of Dec. 1, 2016; formerly Barrow), North Slope Borough, northwestern coastal Alaska, Arctic Circle: Floyd Davidson, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

John James Audubon (April 26, 1785-Jan. 27, 1851) accentuates, in his plate 121 to Birds of America, the abundant white feathering all the way down snowy owl legs and feet to their black claws and around their black beaks and black-pupiled yellow eyes; Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus) male (upper) and female (lower) under synonym of Strix nyctea; Drawn from Nature by J.J. Audubon, F.R.S., F.L.S.; Engraved, Printed & Coloured by R. Havell, London [1831-1834]; John James Audubon, The Birds of America, No. 25, Plate CXXI: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:121_Snowy_Owl.jpg; No copyright--United States (NoC--US), via ULS (University of Pittsburgh Library System) @ https://digital.library.pitt.edu/islandora/object/pitt%3Aaud0121; Birds of America, vol. I (1840), No. 6, Plate 28, opposite page 114, Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40383143; Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/61021753@N02/8567723075/

Arctic, near-Arctic northernmost coastlines along Alaskan United States, Canada, Finland, Greenland, Norway and Russia accommodate breeding areas of snowy owls from May through September even as Alaskan southern coastlines, Canadian, Candian and Unitedstatesian border-state, Finnish, Greenlandic Norwegian, Russian and Swedish nothern interiors account for non-breeding areas between October and April; May 26, 2012, Cypron Map Series range map of Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus); adapted from BirdLife International and Handbook of the Birds of the World 2021 Bubo scandiacus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2 @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22689055/205475036: The Emirr/MapLab, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cypron-Range_Bubo_scandiacus.svg

No marks such as blotching, mottling, speckling or spotting add any color to each snowy owl mothers-to-be's 3 to 10, or maximmally 11 through 15, annual, short-elliptical to sub-elliptical, semi-glossy, smooth, 2.24-inch- (57-millimeter-) long, 1.77-inch- (45-millimeter-) wide, white eggs; Friday, Oct. 8, 2021, image of snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus) eggs, collected June 15, 1920, at Karesuando, Kiruna Municipality, Norrbotten County, northernmost Sweden; Collection Jacques Perrin de Brichambaut (Oct. 18, 1920-March 17, 2007), Muséum de Toulouse (Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de la ville de Toulouse, MHNT), Jardin des Plantes de Toulouse, quartier de Busca-Montplaisir, Toulouse center, Haute-Garonne department, Occitania region, southwest France: Roger Culos (Ercé), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bubo_scandiacus_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.157.3.jpg

Snowy owl fathers-to-be and fathers aid their mates with egg incubations and hatchings and with nestling broodings until just before the couple's chicks, as 3- to 4-week-olds, alternate between birth nests and adjacent pre-fledging and fledging nests. Snowy owl mothers-to-be and mothers allocate their time, from gestating, incubating and nourishing through preparing for flight, fledging and independece, to their chicks; Thursday, July 27, 2006, 15:29, image of mother with check at Calgary Zoo, St. George's Island, Bridgeland-Riverside neighborhood, northeast of Calgary's Downtown/East Village neighborhood, southwestern Calgary; western Canada: Tony Hisgett, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SnowyOwl2.jpg; Tony Hisgett (ahisgett), CC BY 2.0, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/hisgett/220415958/

Floyd Davidson approaches juvenile and mature appearances in his image of "Young Snowy Owl on the tundra at Utqiagvik, Alaska," whereby "Snowy owls lose their black feathers with age, although individual females may retain some"; Sunday, Sep. 24, 2006, 17:41, image of young snowy owl on tundra at Utqiagvik (Inupiaq: Utqiaġvik, as of Dec. 1, 2016; formerly Barrow), North Slope Borough, northwestern coastal Alaska, Arctic Circle: Floyd Davidson, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Snowy_Owl_Barrow_Alaska.jpg

For further information:

Baicich, Paul J.; and Colin J. O. Harrison. 2005. "Snowy Owl (Nyctea scandiaca)." Page 187. Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds. Second edition. Princeton NJ; and Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England: Princeton University Press.

BirdLife International, 2020. "Snowy Owl Bubo scandiacus." IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22689055A181375387. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22689055A181375387.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22689055/181375387

Bull, John; and John Farrand, Jr. July 1977. "309 Snowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca." Pages 548. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds: Eastern Region. Revised by John Farrand, Jr. Second edition, fully revised, fifth printing, July 1977. Chanticleer Press Edition. New York NY: Borzoi Book, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

Cleary, Margot Keam. 1991. "Snowy Owl." Page 59. In: John James Audubon. New York NY: Crescent Books.

Godwin, Laura; and Rob Dunlavey. 2016. Owl Sees Owl. New York NY: Schwarz & Wade Books.

Howell, Catherine Herbert (Writer); and Mary B. Dickinson (Editor). 1999. "Snowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca." Pages 250-251. Field Guide to the Birds of North America. Third Edition. Washington DC: National Geographic Society.

Linnaeus, C. 1758. "(Aves Accipitres. Falco.) 41. Strix. ſcandiaca. 2." Page 92. In: Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Tomus I. Holmiæ (Stockholm): impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. 824 pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542 BHL p. 92 BHL Reference page.
Marriner, Derdriu. 12 August 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Augurs King Eiders as August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022.html#google_vignette

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 December 2023. "Spectacled Eiders Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 December Birds." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/12/spectacled-eiders-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Adds Mount Katmai to Wild November." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/11/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022-adds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 October 2023. "Caribou Abound as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 October Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/caribou-abound-as-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2023. "Red-Necked Phalaropes, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/red-necked-phalaropes-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 September 2023. "Brown Bears Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 September Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/brown-bears-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2023. "Polar Bears Act as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 September Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/polar-bears-act-as-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 August 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Augurs King Eiders as August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022.html#google_vignette

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 August 2023. "Savannah Sparrows Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/savannah-sparrows-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 July 2023. "Kenai Peninsula Awes, As Wild July, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/kenai-peninsula-awes-as-wild-july.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 June 2023. "Buff-Breasted Sandpipers, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 June Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/buff-breasted-sandpipers-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 June 2023. "Rock Ptarmigans Act as June Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/rock-ptarmigans-act-as-june-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2023. "Moose Appear as May Animals on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/moose-appear-as-may-animals-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Brooks Range Acts as Wild April on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/brooks-range-acts-as-wild-april-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Arctic Terns Are April Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/arctic-terns-are-april-birds-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Western Sandpipers Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 March Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/western-sandpipers-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Baffin Island Wolves Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 Wild March." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/baffin-island-wolves-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2023. "Musk Ox, Muskox Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar February 2022 Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/musk-ox-muskox-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 February 2023. "Red-Throated Loons Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 February Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/red-throated-loons-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 January 2023. "Mallard Ducks Aced Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 as January Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/mallard-ducks-aced-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2023. "Red Foxes Are January Wildlife on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/red-foxes-are-january-wildlife-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2022. "Dark-Eyed Juncos Are December Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/dark-eyed-juncos-are-december-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 November 2022. "Eared Grebes Are November Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/eared-grebes-are-november-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2022. "Barred Owls Are October Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/barred-owls-are-october-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 September 2022. "Brown Pelicans Are September Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/brown-pelicans-are-september-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 August 2022. "Allen’s Hummingbirds Are August Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/allens-hummingbirds-are-august-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2022. "Reddish Egrets Are July Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/reddish-egrets-are-july-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2022. "American Oystercatchers Are June Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/american-oystercatchers-are-june-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2022. "Rose-Breasted Grosbeaks Are May Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/rose-breasted-grosbeaks-are-may-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 April 2022. "Crested Caracaras Appear as April Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/crested-caracaras-appear-as-april-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2022. "Cerulean Warblers Are March Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/cerulean-warblers-are-march-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2022. "Northern Bobwhites Are February Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/northern-bobwhites-are-february-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2022. "Florida Scrub-Jays Are January Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/florida-scrub-jays-are-january-birds-on.html

Peterson, Roger Tory. 2010. "Snowy Owl Bubo scandiacus." Pages 196-197. Peterson Field Guide to Birds of Eastern and Central North America. With Contributions from Michael DiGiorgio, Paul Lehman, Michael O'Brien and Jeffrey A. Gordon, Larry Rosche and Bill Thompson III. Sixth Edition. Boston MA; and New York NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.

Robbins, Chandler S.; Bertel Bruun; and Herbert S. Zim. 2001. "Snowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca." Pages 176-177. Birds of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. Revised by Jonathan P. Latimer, Karen Stray Nolting and James Coe. Golden Field Guide. New York NY: St. Martin's Press.

"Snowy Owl (Bubo Scandiacus)." Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources > Topics > Wildlife Habitat.
Available @ https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/WildlifeHabitat/SnowyOwls.html

Stokes, Donald and Lillian. 1996. "Snowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca." Page 236. Stokes Field Guide to Birds: Eastern Region. Boston MA; and New York NY: Little Brown and Company; and Toronto ON Canada: Little, Brown & Company (Canada) Limited.

Udvardy, Miklos D. F. 1977. 30 August 1977. "303 Snowy Owl (Nyctea scandiaca) Owls (Strigidae)." Page 765. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds: Western Region. Reprinted eleven times. Thirteenth Printing, May, 1987. New York NY: Borzoi Book, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.; and Toronto, Canada: Random House of Canada Limited.

Red-Necked Phalaropes, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October Birds

Summary: Red-necked phalaropes, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October birds, are among all the North American wildlife that the National Audubon Society aids.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) under synonym of Hyperborean phalarope (Phalaropus hyperboreus); male (left) and female (center) in adult spring plumage and young (right) in autumnal plumage; Drawn from Nature by J.J. Audubon, F.R.S., F.L.S.; Engraved, Printed & Coloured by R. Havell, 1834; John James Audubon, The Birds of America, No. 43, Plate CCXV: No copyright--United States (NoC--US), via ULS (University of Pittsburgh Library System)

Red-necked phalaropes, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October birds, are among all North American wildlife that abide in, access from Canada and Mexico, the United States and the National Audubon Society aids.

The Charadriiformes (from Greek χαραδριός, “stone curlew” [Burhinus oedicnemus, scientifically] via Latin charadrius, “plover” and -fōrmis, “-shaped”) shorebird order member annually breeds from May through August. The Scolopacidae (from Greek σκολόπαξ, “woodcock [Scolopax rustica, scientifically]” via Latin scolopax and Greek -ειδής, “-like” via Latin –idæ) sandpiper family member congregates on moist substrates. Phalaropus lobatus (from Greek φαλαρίς, “coot [Fulica atra, scientifically]” and πούς, “foot” via Latin phalaropus; and Latin lobātus, “lobed”) dwell in grassy, insular or marshy wetlands.

Breeding, incubating and parenting seasons entail grassy or marshy expanses near water bodies or with open pools; marsh-edged lakes; low-lying, river-embedded islands; or small offshore islands.

range map of red-necked phalarope; red=breeding grounds, blue=wintering grounds; Saturday, Sep. 10, 2005: Mirko Thiessen (Baldhur), CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Red-necked phalaropes, figured taxonomically by Carl Linnaeus (May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778), fashion their nests, not far from open water, in grass tussocks or wet sedge.

Each nest, always single-brooded, sometimes second-brooded, gets three to four oval to pyriform (from Latin pyrum, “a pear” and -fōrmis, “shaped” via pyriformis), semi-glossy, smooth eggs. The grass-lined, grass-roofed, grass-tussock nest near open water holds black- and black-brown-blotched, specked, spotted and purple-white-marked, green, olive-buff, olive-white, 1.18-inch- (30-millimeter-) long, 0.83-inch- (21-millimeter-) wide eggs. Nest-building involves both fathers- and mothers-to-be even as only the former incubates, for 18 to 20 days, his mate’s eggs, laid at 1- to 2-day intervals.

Male red-necked phalaropes journey as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October birds southward, to join female red-necked phalaropes who journeyed there two to five months earlier.

two red-necked phalarope eggs from the same spawn collected in Iceland June 9, 1925; Collection Jacques Perrin de Brichambaut (Oct. 18, 1920-March 17, 2007), Muséum de Toulouse (Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de la ville de Toulouse, MHNT), Jardin des Plantes de Toulouse, quartier de Busca-Montplaisir, Toulouse center, Haute-Garonne department, Occitania region, southwest France: Roger Culos (Ercé), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

The egg-hatching stage kindles dark-eyed, dark- and fine-billed, dark-crowned precocial (precocious, from Latin praecox, “early-ripened”) nestlings with minimally whitened orbital areas dark-spotted from eye to bill.

Newborn red-necked phalarope nestlings log downy buff bodies with black-gray bills; gray-white legs; gray-white undersides; white-yellow to yellow-buff necks and throats; and yellow-, yellow-white-, triple-streaked backs. Their fathers manage all mealtimes, all nest care, all nestling instruction through direct, fast flight with rapid wingbeats and through self-feeding within 18 to 22 days. Annelid worms, ants, beetles, caddisflies, dipteran flies, seeds, snails and such aquatic insect larvae as mosquitoes nourish all red-necked phalaropes in Arctic, near-Arctic, freshwater, breeding habitats.

Crustaceans, jellyfish, tiny fish and zooplankton such as calanoid copepods and euphausiids offer all red-necked phalaropes as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October birds open-water meals.

red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) with yellow band on leg, held by biologist at Utqiagvik (Inupiaq: Utqiaġvik; formerly Barrow), North Slope Borough, northwestern coastal Alaska, Arctic Circle; Thursday, July 8, 2021, 16:17:31, photo by Lisa Hupp/USFWS: Alaska Region U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Juvenile red-necked phalaropes present dark bills and eyes; dark caps and cheek patches; white throats and underparts; and buff-striped, dull white-lined black backs; and dark upperparts.

Breeding females quarter black, needle-like bills; black eyes below white eye patches; black-gray crowns and faces; white throats; rusty-necked, rust-breasted white underparts; and dusky-streaked white flanks. They reveal dark upperparts with buff- or rust-edged feathers and dark wings whose undersides retain one narrow, white stripe on each side of the lower abdomen. Mature red-necked phalaropes secure 7- to 7.5-inch- (18- to 19-centimeter-) long, 1.06- to 1.56-ounce (30- to 45-gram) bodies with 12.5- to 16-inch (32- to 41-centimeter) wingspans.

Red-necked phalaropes as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October birds transmit hard, squeaky kit and pwit flight calls whose variable vocalizations breeding- and non-breeding territories trigger.

red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) on Saint Paul Island (Russian: Остров Святого Павла, Ostrov Svyatogo Pavla), northernmost Pribilof Islands (Aleut: Amiq; Russian: Острова Прибылова, Ostrova Pribylova), insular southwestern Alaska, Bering Sea (Russian: Бе́рингово мо́ре, Béringovo móre); photo credit, Ryan Deregnier/USFWS: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) under synonym of Hyperborean phalarope (Phalaropus hyperboreus); male (left) and female (center) in adult spring plumage and young (right) in autumnal plumage; Drawn from Nature by J.J. Audubon, F.R.S., F.L.S.; Engraved, Printed & Coloured by R. Havell, 1834; John James Audubon, The Birds of America, No. 43, Plate CCXV: No copyright--United States (NoC--US), via ULS (University of Pittsburgh Library System) @ https://digital.library.pitt.edu/islandora/object/pitt%3Aaud0215; Birds of America, vol. V (1842), No. 68, Plate 340, opposite page 295, Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40419966; Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/61021753@N02/8589071203/

red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) on Saint Paul Island (Russian: Остров Святого Павла, Ostrov Svyatogo Pavla), northernmost Pribilof Islands (Aleut: Amiq; Russian: Острова Прибылова, Ostrova Pribylova), insular southwestern Alaska, Bering Sea (Russian: Бе́рингово мо́ре, Béringovo móre); photo credit, Ryan Deregnier/USFWS: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red-necked_phalarope_on_St._Paul_by_Ryan_Deregnier_USFWS.jpg; Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge via Facebook Feb. 12, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/AlaskaMaritimeNationalWildlifeRefuge/posts/2266441663376730/; Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge via Facebook Feb. 12, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/AlaskaMaritimeNationalWildlifeRefuge/photos/a.460515650636016/2266441663376730/

range map of red-necked phalarope; red=breeding grounds, blue=wintering grounds; Saturday, Sep. 10, 2005: Mirko Thiessen (Baldhur), CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phalaropus_lobatus_distribution.png

two red-necked phalarope eggs from the same spawn collected in Iceland June 9, 1925; Collection Jacques Perrin de Brichambaut (Oct. 18, 1920-March 17, 2007), Muséum de Toulouse (Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de la ville de Toulouse, MHNT), Jardin des Plantes de Toulouse, quartier de Busca-Montplaisir, Toulouse center, Haute-Garonne department, Occitania region, southwest France: Roger Culos (Ercé), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phalaropus_lobatus_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.119.9.jpg

red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) with yellow band on leg, held by biologist at Utqiagvik (Inupiaq: Utqiaġvik; formerly Barrow), North Slope Borough, northwestern coastal Alaska, Arctic Circle; Thursday, July 8, 2021, 16:17:31, photo by Lisa Hupp/USFWS: Alaska Region U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2021-07-08_A_newly_banded_Red-necked_Phalarope_chick.jpg; Alaska Region U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWSAlaska), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/usfws_alaska/51357515518/

red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) on Saint Paul Island (Russian: Остров Святого Павла, Ostrov Svyatogo Pavla), northernmost Pribilof Islands (Aleut: Amiq; Russian: Острова Прибылова, Ostrova Pribylova), insular southwestern Alaska, Bering Sea (Russian: Бе́рингово мо́ре, Béringovo móre); photo credit, Ryan Deregnier/USFWS: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red-necked_phalarope_on_St._Paul_by_Ryan_Deregnier_USFWS.jpg; Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge via Facebook Feb. 12, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/AlaskaMaritimeNationalWildlifeRefuge/posts/2266441663376730/; Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge via Facebook Feb. 12, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/AlaskaMaritimeNationalWildlifeRefuge/photos/a.460515650636016/2266441663376730/

For further information:

Anderson, Delaney. 2001. "Phalaropus lobatus northern phalarope (Also: red-necked phalarope)." (On-line) Animal Diversity Web. Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.
Availabe @ https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Phalaropus_lobatus/

Baicich, Paul J.; and Colin J. O. Harrison. 2005. "Spectacled Eider." Page 84. Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds. Second edition. Princeton NJ; and Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England: Princeton University Press.

BirdLife International (2019). "Phalaropus lobatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22693490A155525960. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22693490A155525960.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22693490/155525960

Bull, John; and John Farrand, Jr. July 1977. "243, 243 Red-necked Phalarope 'Northern Phalarope' Phalaropus lobatus." Pages 497-498. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds: Eastern Region. Revised by John Farrand, Jr. Second edition, fully revised, fifth printing, July 1977. Chanticleer Press Edition. New York NY: Borzoi Book, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

Howell, Catherine Herbert (Writer); and Mary B. Dickinson (Editor). 1999. "Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus." Pages 184-185. Field Guide to the Birds of North America. Third Edition. Washington DC: National Geographic Society.

Linnaeus, C. 1758. "(Aves grallæ. 78. Tringa.) lobata. 5." Systema Naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii.
Available vio Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727055

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 September 2023. "Brown Bears Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 September Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/brown-bears-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2023. "Polar Bears Act as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 September Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/polar-bears-act-as-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 August 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Augurs King Eiders as August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/savannah-sparrows-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 August 2023. "Savannah Sparrows Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/savannah-sparrows-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 July 2023. "Kenai Peninsula Awes, As Wild July, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/kenai-peninsula-awes-as-wild-july.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 June 2023. "Buff-Breasted Sandpipers, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 June Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/buff-breasted-sandpipers-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 June 2023. "Rock Ptarmigans Act as June Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/rock-ptarmigans-act-as-june-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2023. "Moose Appear as May Animals on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/moose-appear-as-may-animals-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Brooks Range Acts as Wild April on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/brooks-range-acts-as-wild-april-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Arctic Terns Are April Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/arctic-terns-are-april-birds-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Western Sandpipers Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 March Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/western-sandpipers-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Baffin Island Wolves Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 Wild March." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/baffin-island-wolves-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2023. "Musk Ox, Muskox Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar February 2022 Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/musk-ox-muskox-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 February 2023. "Red-Throated Loons Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 February Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/red-throated-loons-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 January 2023. "Mallard Ducks Aced Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 as January Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/mallard-ducks-aced-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2023. "Red Foxes Are January Wildlife on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/red-foxes-are-january-wildlife-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 November 2022. "Eared Grebes Are November Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/eared-grebes-are-november-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2022. "Barred Owls Are October Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/barred-owls-are-october-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 September 2022. "Brown Pelicans Are September Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/brown-pelicans-are-september-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 August 2022. "Allen’s Hummingbirds Are August Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/allens-hummingbirds-are-august-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2022. "Reddish Egrets Are July Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/reddish-egrets-are-july-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2022. "American Oystercatchers Are June Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/american-oystercatchers-are-june-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2022. "Rose-Breasted Grosbeaks Are May Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/rose-breasted-grosbeaks-are-may-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 April 2022. "Crested Caracaras Appear as April Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/crested-caracaras-appear-as-april-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2022. "Cerulean Warblers Are March Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/cerulean-warblers-are-march-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2022. "Northern Bobwhites Are February Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/northern-bobwhites-are-february-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2022. "Florida Scrub-Jays Are January Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/florida-scrub-jays-are-january-birds-on.html

Peterson, Roger Tory. 2010. "Red-Necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus." Pages 144-145. Peterson Field Guide to Birds of Eastern and Central North America. With Contributions from Michael DiGiorgio, Paul Lehman, Michael O'Brien and Jeffrey A. Gordon, Larry Rosche and Bill Thompson III. Sixth Edition. Boston MA; and New York NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.

Reynolds, John D. January 1987. "Mating system and nesting biology of the Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus: what constrains polyandry?" IBIS 129(51):225-242.
Available via Wiley Online Library @ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1987.tb03203.x

Robbins, Chandler S.; Bertel Bruun; and Herbert S. Zim. 2001. "Red-Necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus." Pages 126-127. Birds of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. Revised by Jonathan P. Latimer, Karen Stray Nolting and James Coe. Golden Field Guide. New York NY: St. Martin's Press.

Stokes, Donald and Lillian. 1996. "Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus." Page 186. Stokes Field Guide to Birds: Eastern Region. Boston MA; and New York NY: Little Brown and Company; and Toronto ON Canada: Little, Brown & Company (Canada) Limited.

Udvardy, Miklos D. F. 1985. "Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus." Page 536. In: Bayard H. McConnaughey and Evelyn McConnaughey. Pacific Coast. The Audubon Society Nature Guides. Chanticleer Press Edition. New York NY: Borzoi Book, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.